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Maintenance Time and the Industry Development of Patents
by Yongzhong QiaoThis book addresses key issues concerning the maintenance time and development of patents granted by China, as well as the patent maintenance time granted by the United States, Germany, France, Japan and South Korea. Such issues include the capability of technological innovation based on the patent maintenance time; the patent maintenance times in different technological fields granted by China, the United States, Germany, France, Japan and South Korea; the distribution of patented technologies in the energy-saving industry, the patent protection of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the impact on the R&D industry in China, and so on. This book presents theoretical perspectives on technological innovations promoted by the patent system and proposes a number of recommendations to reform the annual fee system of maintaining patents and optimize the patent maintenance time. The materials presented here comprise original and innovative contributions, with a special focus on empirical data and scholarly analysis.
Maîtriser LiteCoin: Guide pour débutant pour commencer à gagner de l'argent avec LiteCoin
by Adidas Wilson Essaid BahriLitecoin a été fondé pour agir comme alternative au Bitcoin afin de remédier aux lacunes constatées dans le réseau Bitcoin— il a été conçu pour être « léger » et plus prolifique que Bitcoin.Litecoin a également un coût de paiement quasi nul et facilite les paiements presque quatre fois plus vite que Bitcoin.
Maize: Nutrition Dynamics and Novel Uses
by Dharam Paul Chaudhary Sandeep Kumar Sapna LangyanMaize is a globally important crop mainly utilized as feed, food and raw material for diverse industrial applications. Among cereals, it occupies third place after rice and wheat and is a staple food for a large segment of population worldwide particularly in the Asian as well as African countries. This monogram discusses various aspects of nutritional quality of maize such as quality protein maize which has been considered as most significant discovery in enhancing nutritional quality of cereals in terms of increasing the concentration of essential amino acids. The biochemistry of starch which is an important industrial product of maize has been discussed in detail. Further, the role of maize oil which is highly regarded for human consumption as it reduces the blood cholesterol concentration has also been elaborated. Naturally, maize is a rich source of carotenoids such as beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein, cryptoxanthin which have highly diverse health benefits ranging from maintaining normal vision to lowering of oxidative stress. The need for biofortification of maize for provitamin A carotenoids and their role in alleviating vision impairments have also been discussed. The effect of various biotic and abiotic stresses particularly carbon dioxide and temperature on quality has been discussed thoroughly. Many value-added products as well as fermented foods that have been produced from maize which is consumed in different forms worldwide are also discussed. The aspects related to the maize application as fodder and as a source of malting have also been covered concisely. Overall, the book provides complete information about various quality aspects of maize. The various stakeholders such as maize researchers, extension specialists, students, teachers as well as farmers will be immensely benefitted from this monogram.
Maize: Origin, Domestication, and Its Role in the Development of Culture
by Duccio Bonavia Javier Flores Espinoza Alexander GrobmanThis book examines one of the thorniest problems of ancient American archaeology: the origins and domestication of maize. Using a variety of scientific techniques, Duccio Bonavia explores the development of maize, its adaptation to varying climates, and its fundamental role in ancient American cultures. An appendix (by Alexander Grobman) provides the first ever comprehensive compilation of maize genetic data, correlating this data with the archaeological evidence presented throughout the book. This book provides a unique interpretation of questions of dating and evolution, supported by extensive data, following the spread of maize from South to North America, and eventually to Europe and beyond.
Maize
by L. Mark LagriminiThis volume discusses techniques used for the molecular characterization of maize. This book is divided into 4 parts: cell, tissue, and organ culture and maize transformation; gene silencing and generation of mutant populations; plant gene expression; and plant metabolic networks. The chapters cover a range of topics, such as growing and propagating maize in the laboratory, greenhouse and field studies, screening mutagenic population, characterizing the genome, describing protein and metabolic regulatory networks, and generating transgenic plants for gene knock-out and over expression purposes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Maize: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for everyone who is interested in maize research.
Maize: Nutritional Composition, Processing, and Industrial Uses (Cereals)
by Sukhvinder Singh Purewal, Pinderpal Kaur, Sneh Punia Bangar, Kawaljit Singh Sandhu, Surender Kumar Singh and Maninder KaurMaize is widely cultivated throughout the world due to its high-yield potential. The economic and nutritional value of maize grains is associated with its starch content, protein, fibre, bioactive compounds, and minerals. Maize is used worldwide in the preparation of health-benefiting, antioxidant-rich, fortified products and dietary supplements. Maize: Nutritional Composition, Processing, and Industrial Uses explores the status of maize in terms of its production, nutritional composition, biofortification, processing methods, health benefits, maize-based products, and storage. This book also emphasizes the key features of maize grains which make it an ideal crop for industrial use. It covers all aspects of recent research about the maize and provides updated information. Features Discusses information related to chemistry of maize components Highlights comprehensive information on the physical and milling properties of maize Explains the structure, functional, and antioxidant properties of maize flour Provides the latest scientific development in the modification of maize starch Explores various maize-based food products and their storage Examines maize protein, scenarios, and quality improvement through bio-fortification In-depth information is provided regarding various health-benefiting nutrient components of maize flour, offering meaningful information for product formulation. This book unfolds the potential of maize grains for industrial use.
Maize Cobs and Cultures: History of Zea mays L.
by John StallerOur perceptions and conceptions regarding the roles and importance of maize to ancient economies is largely a product of scientific research on the plant itself, developed for the most part out of botanical research, and its recent role as one of the most important economic staples in the world. Anthropological research in the early part of the last century based largely upon the historical particularistic approach of the Boasian tradition provided the first evidence that challenged the assumptions about the economic importance of maize to sociocultural developments for scholars of prehistory. Subsequent ethnobotanic and archaeological studies showed that the role of maize among Native American cultures was much more complex than just as a food staple. In Maize Cobs and Cultures, John Staller provides a survey of the ethnohistory and the scientific, botanical and biological research of maize, complemented by reviews on the ethnobotanic, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary methodologies.
Maize Crop: Improvement, Production, Protection and Post Harvest Technology
by A. Solaimalai P. Anantharaju S. Irulandi M. TheradimaniMaize is one of the versatile emerging crops with wider adaptability under varied agro-climatic conditions. Globally, maize is known as queen of cereals because it has the highest genetic yield potential among the cereals. It is cultivated on nearly 150 m/ha in about 160 countries having wider diversity of soil, climate, biodiversity and management practices that contributes 36 % (782 m/t) inthe global grain production. The United States of America (USA) is the largest producer of maize contributes nearly 35 % of the total production in the world. It is the driver of the US economy. This book talks about the improvement, production, protection and post harvest technology of the maize crop. Note: T& F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
The Maize Genome (Compendium of Plant Genomes)
by Roberto Tuberosa Candice Hirsch Sherry Flint-Garcia Jeffrey BennetzenThis book discusses advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the maize genome since publication of the original B73 reference genome in 2009, and the progress in translating this knowledge into basic biology and trait improvement. Maize is an extremely important crop, providing a large proportion of the world’s human caloric intake and animal feed, and serving as a model species for basic and applied research. The exceptionally high level of genetic diversity within maize presents opportunities and challenges in all aspects of maize genetics, from sequencing and genotyping to linking genotypes to phenotypes. Topics covered in this timely book range from (i) genome sequencing and genotyping techniques, (ii) genome features such as centromeres and epigenetic regulation, (iii) tools and resources available for trait genomics, to (iv) applications of allele mining and genomics-assisted breeding. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and students interested in maize genetics and genomics.
Maize Improvement: Current Advances in Yield, Quality, and Stress Tolerance under Changing Climatic Scenarios
by Shabir Hussain Wani Zahoor Ahmad Dar Gyanendra Pratap SinghMaize is one of the most generally grown cereal crops at global level, followed by wheat and rice. Maize is the major crop in China both in terms of yield and acreage. In 2012, worldwide maize production was about 840 million tons. Maize has long been a staple food of most of the global population (particularly in South America and Africa) and a key nutrient resource for animal feed and for food industrial materials. Maize belts vary from the latitude 58° north to the latitude 40° south, and maize ripens every month of the year. Abiotic and biotic stresses are common in maize belts worldwide. Abiotic stresses (chiefly drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures), together with biotic stresses (primarily fungi, viruses, and pests), negatively affect maize growth, development, production and productivity. In the recent past, intense droughts, waterlogging, and extreme temperatures have relentlessly affected maize growth and yield. In China, 60% of the maize planting area is prone to drought, and the resultant yield loss is 20%–30% per year; in India, 25%–30% of the maize yield is lost as a result of waterlogging each year. The biotic stresses on maize are chiefly pathogens (fungal, bacterial, and viral), and the consequential syndromes, like ear/stalk rot, rough dwarf disease, and northern leaf blight, are widespread and result in grave damage. Roughly 10% of the global maize yield is lost each year as a result of biotic stresses. For example, the European corn borer [ECB, Ostrinianubilalis (Hübner)] causes yield losses of up to 2000 million dollars annually in the USA alone in the northern regions of China, the maize yield loss reaches 50% during years when maize badly affected by northern leaf blight. In addition, abiotic and biotic stresses time and again are present at the same time and rigorously influence maize production. To fulfill requirements of each maize-growing situation and to tackle the above mentions stresses in an effective way sensibly designed multidisciplinary strategy for developing suitable varieties for each of these stresses has been attempted during the last decade. Genomics is a field of supreme significance for elucidating the genetic architecture of complex quantitative traits and characterizing germplasm collections to achieve precise and specific manipulation of desirable alleles/genes. Advances in genotyping technologies and high throughput phenomics approaches have resulted in accelerated crop improvement like genomic selection, speed breeding, particularly in maize. Molecular breeding tools like collaborating all omics, has led to the development of maize genotypes having higher yields, improved quality and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Through this book, we bring into one volume the various important aspects of maize improvement and the recent technological advances in development of maize genotypes with high yield, high quality and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses
Maize Kernel Development
by Philip Becraft Jim Birchler Ljudmilla Borisjuk Prem S. Chourey Joanne Dannenhoffer Matthew Evans Sherry Flint-Garcia José Gutiérrez-Marcos Jeff Habben Curt Hannah Tracie Hennen-Bierwagen Gregorio Hueros Gwyneth Ingram Shawn Kaeppler Karen Koch Dr Brian A Larkins Fangfang Ma Don McCarty Jo Messing Alan Meyers Keith Roesler Hardy Rolletschek Paolo Sabelli Jeff Schussler Bo Shen Bill Sheridan Rentao Song Erik Vollbrecht Thomas Widiez Yongrui Wu Ramin Yadegari Junpeng ZhanThis is an authoritative book that acts as a guide to understanding maize kernel development. Written by a team of experts, it covers topics spanning pre- and post-fertilization events, embryo and endosperm development, grain filling and maturation, and factors influencing crop yield. It explores the significance of maize and other cereal grains, existing hypotheses and research, and important gaps in our knowledge and how we might fill them. This is a valuable resource for researchers of maize and other cereals, and anyone working on basic or applied science in the fields of seed development, plant genetics, and crop physiology.
Major Accomplishments in Composite Materials and Sandwich Structures
by E. E. Gdoutos I. M. Daniel Yapa D.S. RajapakseThis book represents a collection of major research contributions over the last decade in the area of composite materials and sandwich structures supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. It contains over thirty chapters written by recognized experts in their fields and serves as a reference and guide for future research. Topics covered include: mechanical and failure characterization of composites under static and dynamic loading; failure modes and failure criteria; environmental effects; dynamic effects; post impact behavior; multiscale modeling; nanocomposites; characterization of core materials for sandwich structures under static and fatigue loading; mechanical behavior and failure of sandwich structures; fatigue behavior and durability of composite materials and sandwich structures; core joints in sandwich structures; characterization and failure of marine materials and structures under impulse loading; failure of interfaces under dynamic loading; delamination failure of composite materials and sandwich structures; response of composites and sandwich structures to blast loading and underwater explosions.
Major Crops and Water Scarcity in Egypt
by Samiha OudaThis book includes multi-disciplinary quantifications of the effect of climate change on water requirements of wheat, maize, rice and sugarcane. Furthermore, it provides on-farm management that faces water scarcity under current situation and under climate change. Changing cultivation method (raised beds instead of furrows or basins) or increasing irrigation application efficiency (sprinkler or drip systems instead of surface irrigation) can reduce the applied water. Irrigated agriculture, although profitable, it endures wasteful use of valuable water resources. Taking into account the risk of climate change, developing countries like Egypt will highly suffer. Furthermore, the effect of intercropping (two crops use the applied water to one of them), and/or using crop rotations (arrange crops to reduce the applied water, increase water productivity and sustain soil fertility) on production and consumed irrigation water by crops were comprehensively analyzed.
Major Impacts and Plate Tectonics: A Model for the Phanerzoic Evolution of the Earth's Lithosphere
by Neville PriceNeville Price presents a major breakthrough in our understanding of the subject of plate tectonics in this new book. In this ambitious look at the importance of impacts of objects from space on the earth, he challenges the fundamentals of the theory on which geoscience has rested for the past 25 years. In the latter half of the 20th century
Major Label Mastering: Professional Mastering Process
by Evren GöknarMajor Label Mastering: Professional Mastering Process distills 25 years of mastering experience at Capitol Records into practical understandings and reliable systems. Containing unparalleled insights, this book reveals the mastering tricks and techniques used by Evren Göknar at one of the world’s most notable record labels. Beginning with the requisite competencies every Mastering Engineer must develop, Major Label Mastering delves into the particulars of the mastering studio, as well as fundamental mastering tools. Included among these tools is The Five Step Mastering Process, a rigorously tested system that equips the practitioner to successfully and confidently master a project to exacting standards of audio fidelity. Covering all bases, the book discusses both macro and micro considerations: from mindset approach and connecting with clients down to detailed guidelines for processing audio, advanced methods, and audio restoration. Each chapter ends with exercises intended to deepen understanding and skill, or to supplement course study. Suitable for all levels, this is a unique resource for students, artists, and recording and Mastering Engineers alike. Major Label Mastering is supplemented by digital resources including audio examples and video tutorials.
Major Problems in the History of American Technology
by Merritt Roe Smith Gregory Clancey Thomas PatersonThis entry in the Major Problems in American History series examines the history of technology in America, from colonial times to the present. Each of the 14 chapters contains an introduction, secondary readings, documents, headnotes, and suggested readings.
Make: Bluetooth LE Projects with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and Smartphones
by Alasdair Allan Don Coleman Sandeep MistryThis book is where your adventures with Bluetooth LE begin. You'll start your journey by getting familiar with your hardware options: Arduino, BLE modules, computers (including Raspberry Pi!), and mobile phones. From there, you'll write code and wire circuits to connect off-the-shelf sensors, and even go all the way to writing your own Bluetooth Services. Along the way you'll look at lightbulbs, locks, and Apple's iBeacon technology, as well as get an understanding of Bluetooth security-- both how to beat other people's security, and how to make your hardware secure.
Make: Fun With Drones!
by Jason BablerThese days drones are buzzing, not only in the skies, but throughout the maker community! Makers' love affair with drones is easy to understand: it has all the trademarks of the maker movement. From open source hardware, robotics (like sensors), cameras, to innovative applications to solve real-world problems, drones are fun and functional. In Volume 44 of Make:, the editors dive into the red-hot world of quadcopters, with drone builds and inspired aerial activities.In this issue:Build the maker hangar R/C tricopter3D print a quadcopterHow to waterproof your droneSetting up an FPV drone racePilot's checklistProjects include:DIY carbon fiber acoustic guitarSinging plasma-arc speaker3D printable electric motorEasy infinity mirrorClone a fig treeRaspberry Pi super security camera
Make: Upgrade, Accessorize, and Customize with Electronics, Mechanics, and Metalwork
by John BaichtalWhat is a bicycle? The answer is a little trickier than you might think. More than just a form of transportation, your bike is a framework on which you can explore and display your own inventiveness.With a full history of the bicycle and information about commercial mods such as adding baby seats and fenders--as well as instruction on wheels, tires, and regular maintenance--this book gives you the tools and ideas to hack your ride your own way. You'll not only find out how to strip down your bike so that you can actually put it back together again, but you'll create a complete bike hacker's workbench, ready for any idea you might have! In Make: Bicycle Projects, you'll learn to:Add EL wire, LEDs, and NEOPixels for cool nighttime travelInstall a SpokePOV kit to see things only your bike seesAdd a DIY Smartphone Rig that keeps you connectedPaint your bike so that it stays paintedTurn your geared steed into a fixieWeld and braze your frameMake a rad chopperLet the sun power your projectsGive an audio component to your frame for alarms, horns, and just making noiseHaul cargo in a basket or mini-trailerTurn your ride into a veritable party trailer replete with color organ!
Make: Projects for extending MINDSTORMS NXT with open-source electronics
by John Baichtal Matthew Beckler Adam WolfMake amazing robots and gadgets with two of today’s hottest DIY technologies. With this easy-to-follow guide, you’ll learn how to build devices with Lego Mindstorms NXT 2.0, the Arduino prototyping platform, and some add-on components to bridge the two. Mindstorms alone lets you create incredible gadgets. Bring in Arduino for some jaw-dropping functionality—and open a whole new world of possibilities.Build a drink dispenser, music synthesizer, wireless lamp, and moreEach fun and fascinating project includes step-by-step instructions and clear illustrations to guide you through the process. Learn how to set up an Arduino programming environment, download the sketches and libraries you need, and work with Arduino’s language for non-programmers. It’s a perfect book for students, teachers, hobbyists, makers, hackers, and kids of all ages.Build a Drawbot that roams around and traces its path with a marker penConstruct an analog Mindstorms clock with hands that display the correct timeCreate a machine that mixes a glass of chocolate milk at the touch of a buttonMake a Gripperbot rolling robotic arm that you control wirelessly with Arduinos mounted on your armsExplore electronic music by building a guitar-shaped Lego synthesizerBuild a Lego lamp with on/off and dimmer switches that you control with a smartphone applicationJump feet first into the world of electronics, from learning Ohm’s Law to working with basic componentsYou'll need the Bricktronics shield created for this book by Open Source Hardware kit maker Wayne and Layne, or you can build a breadboarded equivalent (see Chapter 10) for about $25 in parts.
Make: Getting Started with Arduino
by Massimo Banzi Michael ShilohArduino is the hot open source prototyping platform for artists, hobbyists, students, and anyone who wants to create interactive physical environments. Getting Started with Arduino is co-authored by Arduino co-founder Massimo Banzi, and incorporates his experience in teaching, using, and creating Arduino.
Make: A Handy Reference for Makers
by Gareth BranwynThe hard-earned tips and tricks gained by experience are the hidden currency of makers -- passed along in workshops and makerspaces by example and by retelling -- shared wisdom that will help you work smarter, easier, and more efficiently. Who doesn't remember with gratitude the insider secrets they learned from from a parent, shop teacher, or artisan? The best ones are never forgotten!This benchtop reference collects hundreds of ingenious and indispensable shop tips and pearls of wisdom collected by the editors of Make: and some of the most talented and prolific makers who've contributed to the magazine and Maker Faire over the past decade.Inside you'll find tips for measuring and cutting, gluing and fastening, clamping and joining, drilling, shop organizing, maintenance and repair, and more. The topics covered run the gamut from traditional shopcraft to electronics and soldering. You'll also encounter fascinating tales from experienced makers whose personal stories illuminate their favorite tools and best discoveries. Illustrated in full color with photos, drawings, and comic strips, Tips and Tales from the Workshop will entertain and enlighten while inspiring you.Get ready to smack your head and ask yourself, "Why didn't I think of that?"Praise for Tips and Tales from the Workshop:"Gareth Branwyn is the Tip Master. He scours the workshops of the world for practical, time-saving, life-altering tips to help you make stuff better, faster, and cheaper. This book rounds up the best ones he knows." --KEVIN KELLY, creator of Cool Tools and Wired Senior Maverick"Gareth has essentially created a magic book for makers." --DONALD BELL, Maker Project Labs"Tips and Tales from the Workshop is sure to inspire anyone to get making with newfound ease and satisfaction. This book embodies the spirit of great mentors, across every medium, and imparts a wizard-like cleverness to its readers. I thought I was clever, and this book has already prevented at least a dozen new mistakes in my studio. It's "ah-ha" moment overload!" --BECKY STERN, DIY guru and Instructables content creator"It must be hard to write a book like this with such uncommon clarity and in so entertaining a fashion as Gareth Branwyn has done here. Gareth clearly has a deep understanding of making and those who make because he is a maker himself. Tips and Tales from the Workshop is jam packed with invaluable information; it is both a fun read and a reliable shop reference for any do-it-yourselfer." --ANDY BIRKEY, YouTube maker
Make: A Handy Reference for Makers
by Gareth BranwynThis ALL NEW benchtop reference presents more ingenious and indispensable shop tips and pearls of wisdom collected by the editors of Make: and some of the most talented and prolific makers who've contributed to the magazine and Maker Faire over the past decade. Inside you'll find ALL NEW tips for measuring and cutting, gluing and fastening, clamping and joining, drilling, shop organizing, maintenance and repair, and more. The topics covered run the gamut from traditional shopcraft to electronics and soldering. You'll also encounter even more fascinating tales from experienced makers whose personal stories illuminate their favorite tools and best discoveries. Illustrated in full color with photos, drawings, and comic strips, Tips and Tales from the Workshop Volume 2 will continue to entertain and enlighten while inspiring you.
Make: Machines that Move, Drawings that Light Up, and Wearables and Structures You Can Cut, Fold, and Roll
by Kathy CeceriPaper is incredible stuff. It's easy to cut, but incredibly strong. It's disposable, but can last for centuries. It can stand as stiff as a board, pop up like a spring, or float like a leaf. And its invention changed the world forever. Perfect for kids, parents, and educators, Paper Inventions is a project-based book with full color illustrations, step-by-step instructions, supply lists, and templates that allow you to follow along with the book or devise something entirely new. Each chapter features new projects that will challenge and intrigue everyone, from beginning to experienced Makers. In this book, you'll learn to make: A light-up paper cat that shows how switches and sensors workAn action origami robot wormEdible rice paper perfect for secret messagesA space rover that moves thanks to paper machineryA paper generator that creates electricity when you tap or rub it Heat-activated paper models that fold themselvesA geodesic dome big enough to crawl into--from newspaper!
Make: The Art and Science of Working with Propane
by Tim DeaganLearn how to safely build projects that burn, poof, "boosh," and flare! This complete reference and hands-on guide to working with propane explains how to create a variety of flame effects projects that can be built with common tools and materials.Starting from the basics, this book explains everything you need to know to safely work with propane. An essential reference for building projects like fire cannons, forge torches and flaming sculpture, Make: Fire explains the history, chemistry, and combustion of propane. Using that knowledge as a foundation, readers can then construct a variety of flame-based project on their own using illustrated, step-by-step instructions provided by the author. With simple tools, you can build a gorgeous flambeau, a torch capable of melting aluminum, or flame effects that ignite jaw-dropping fireballs in the sky. Focusing on safety at every step and written by a licensed Flame Effects Operator, this book provides information that has never been brought together in one place. With this guide, readers will master the fundamental components of almost all propane-based projects and develop the skills they need to create their own flame devices and artworks.