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Methods for Appearance-based Loop Closure Detection: Applications To Topological Mapping And Image Mosaicking (Springer Tracts In Advanced Robotics #122)
by Emilio Garcia-Fidalgo Alberto OrtizMapping and localization are two essential tasks in autonomous mobile robotics. Due to the unavoidable noise that sensors present, mapping algorithms usually rely on loop closure detection techniques, which entail the correct identification of previously seen places to reduce the uncertainty of the resulting maps. This book deals with the problem of generating topological maps of the environment using efficient appearance-based loop closure detection techniques. Since the quality of a visual loop closure detection algorithm is related to the image description method and its ability to index previously seen images, several methods for loop closure detection adopting different approaches are developed and assessed. Then, these methods are used in three novel topological mapping algorithms. The results obtained indicate that the solutions proposed attain a better performance than several state-of-the-art approaches. To conclude, given that loop closure detection is also a key component in other research areas, a multi-threaded image mosaicing algorithm is proposed. This approach makes use of one of the loop closure detection techniques previously introduced in order to find overlapping pairs between images and finally obtain seamless mosaics of different environments in a reasonable amount of time.
Methods for Assessment of Soil Degradation
by Rattan Lal Winfried E. Blum B.A. Stewart C. ValentinSoil degradation has serious global impacts on agronomic, economic, and sociopolitical conditions, however, statistics regarding the degree of these impacts has been largely unreliable. This book aims to standardize the methodology for obtaining reliable and objective data on soil degradation. It will also identify and develop criteria for assessing the severity of soil degradation, providing a realistic scenario of the problem.
Methods for Bioremediation of Water and Wastewater Pollution (Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World #51)
by Eric Lichtfouse Inamuddin Abdullah M. Asiri Mohd Imran AhamedThis book presents advanced techniques for wastewater treatment and the chapters review the environmental impact of water pollution, the analysis of water quality, and technologies for the preservation of water resources. Also outlined in this volume is the bioremediation of heavy metals, dyes, bisphenols, phthalates, cyanobacteria in contaminated water and wastewater. Another focus of this book is the use of natural remediation techniques such as bacterial biofilms and enzymes.
Methods for Electrocatalysis: Advanced Materials and Allied Applications
by Inamuddin Abdullah M. Asiri Rajender BoddulaThis book explores key parameters, properties and fundamental concepts of electrocatalysis. It also discusses the engineering strategies, current applications in fuel-cells, water-splitting, metal-ion batteries, and fuel generation. This book elucidates entire category viewpoints together with industrial applications. Therefore, all the sections of this book emphasize the recent advances of different types of electrocatalysts, current challenges, and state-of-the-art studies through detailed reviews. This book is the result of commitments by numerous experts in the field from various backgrounds and expertise and appeals to industrialists, researchers, scientists and in addition understudies from various teaches.
Methods for Enhancing Biogas Production (Innovations in Environmental Engineering)
by Agnieszka MontusiewiczThe concern about using organic waste as a renewable energy source is a critical worldwide issue. In this area, anaerobic digestion (AD) seems to be a promising solution because of the significant reduction of waste quantity and generation of valuable products such as biogas, regarded as being a good energy carrier and digestate with high nutritional potential for agriculture. The current trends in AD focus on improving the efficiency of the process to make this a cost-effective treatment. Depending on the source (agricultural, municipal, or industrial), organic waste varies considering both its composition and structure, and thus the bioaccessibility and biodegradability.Accordingly, materials rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and fats require different operational conditions to overcome technological problems and minimize the risk of disruption or failure of the anaerobic systems.Different strategies can be used to enhance biogas production, including waste pretreatment (physical, chemical, physico-chemical, biological, and combined), two-stage AD (temperaturephased AD and two-phase AD), anaerobic co-digestion (two-substrate and multi-substrate systems), and bioaugmentation (with natural strains or specialized consortia of microorganisms and genetically modified microorganisms or their consortia). Some of them enhance its accessibility and digestibility, while others improve nutritional balance, metabolic properties, and operational factors, facilitating synergistic effect of microorganisms. This book covers the current developments in the area of enhancing biogas production.
Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment
by David BrusickGenetic disease contributes to a major portion of our health care costs. While most of the human genetic burden is transmitted from generation to generation, environmental chemicals capable of reacting with germ cell DNA could produce new mutations, resulting in an even greater genetic liability for the next generation. The potential impact of environmental mutagens on the health and viability of other living things is important to consider as well. Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment features contributions from international experts to provide a comprehensive review of the current status of genetic risk assessment. You'll learn about various methods and strategies for when and how to conduct genetic risk assessments on human populations. You will also learn about the potential effects of environmental genotoxins on nonhuman organisms.
Methods for Imaging Cell Membranes (Series in Cellular and Clinical Imaging)
by Luca Panconi Daniel Nieves Maria Makarova Dylan OwenThis book will serve as an introduction to microscopy and biomedical imaging methods, with a focus on the study of the distributions and dynamics of molecules on the cell surface. It will provide readers with an in-depth understanding of how modern microscopy methodology can be used to understand the organisation of cell membrane systems and how experiments can be designed around these methodologies. There are numerous methods employed to understand cell membrane organisation, but foremost among them are microscopy methods which can map the distributions of molecules on the cell surface and even map the biophysical properties of membranes themselves. Fluorescence microscopy has been especially widely used due to its specificity and relatively noninvasive nature, allowing live-cell imaging. However, the recent advance of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has broken the previous resolution limit for this type of microscopy, which has been an important advancement in the field. Atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy have also been deployed to learn about membrane organisation and properties. Each chapter in this volume will be themed around measuring a particular property of cell membranes. In each case, the authors examine the range of methodology applicable to the task, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each one, and will also provide an overview of important discoveries that have been made using the methodology being discussed. The chapters will cover: • Measuring membrane protein distributions using single-molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) • Measuring membrane protein dynamics and diffusion using fluorescence correla-tion spectroscopy (FCS) • Mapping membrane lipid backing using environmentally sensitive fluorescence probes • Mapping membrane thickness and rigidity using atomic force microscopy • Mapping membrane proteins and the cytoskeleton using electron microscopy This book will be a valuable resource to graduate and upper-level undergraduate students and industry researchers in the fields of cell biology, microbiology, microscopy, and medical imaging.
Methods for Investigation of Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism (Methods In Nutritional Research Ser. #2)
by Antoine E. El-KhouryContaining all the new as well as classical methodologies used in the investigation of amino acid and protein metabolism in human and animal models, this book is needed because of the dramatic increase in research in this field. There is no other book currently on the market that covers these methods of investigation.Methods for Investigation of Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism explores areas such as amino acid transfer across tissue membranes, past and new applications using stable isotopes, protein synthesis in organs and tissues, and more. Because of the importance of research methods in the field of amino acid and protein nutrition and metabolism, this book facilitates the reader's integration of the concepts involved in these investigative research methods and their corollaries.In addition to helping any nutrition investigator design and conduct appropriate research protocols in this area of nutrition, this book assists students who are planning to investigate amino acid and protein metabolism in humans or laboratory animals.
Methods for Reliability Improvement and Risk Reduction
by Michael TodinovReliability is one of the most important attributes for the products and processes of any company or organization. This important work provides a powerful framework of domain-independent reliability improvement and risk reducing methods which can greatly lower risk in any area of human activity. It reviews existing methods for risk reduction that can be classified as domain-independent and introduces the following new domain-independent reliability improvement and risk reduction methods: Separation Stochastic separation Introducing deliberate weaknesses Segmentation Self-reinforcement Inversion Reducing the rate of accumulation of damage Permutation Substitution Limiting the space and time exposure Comparative reliability models The domain-independent methods for reliability improvement and risk reduction do not depend on the availability of past failure data, domain-specific expertise or knowledge of the failure mechanisms underlying the failure modes. Through numerous examples and case studies, this invaluable guide shows that many of the new domain-independent methods improve reliability at no extra cost or at a low cost. Using the proven methods in this book, any company and organisation can greatly enhance the reliability of its products and operations.
Methods for Solving Complex Problems in Fluids Engineering
by Can Kang Haixia Liu Yongchao Zhang Ning MaoThis book describes recently developed research methods used to study complex problems in fluid engineering, especially optical flow measurement, flow visualization and numerical methods. It includes a wealth of diagrams and images, and the content is presented in a step-by-step manner from beginning to end, helping readers grasp the central points of the book.The book also presents a number of practical cases, illustrating how the research methods covered can be concretely implemented. Lastly, the book offers a valuable point of departure for pursuing further research.
Methods for the Analysis of Stone Artefacts: An Overview (essentials)
by Yvonne Tafelmaier Guido Bataille Viola Schmid Andreas Taller Manuel WillThis essential gives an overview of current methods of analysis of stone artefacts ranging from attribute analysis of entire inventories to microscopic analyses of traces of use of individual artefacts. The presented approaches show the range of analysis of prehistoric stone artefacts in the German-speaking area. Simple examples of application illustrate the possibilities and limitations of each method. The content and structure of the essentials is identical to teaching units for learning methods of stone artefact analysis at the University of Tübingen in the Department of Early Prehistory.
Methods for the Assessment of the Structural Integrity of Components and Structures
by D. LidburyThis book includes key features arising from structural analysis in the NESC-I benchmark experiment form the second International Conference on NDE in Relation to Structural Integrity for Nuclear and Pressurized Components, New Orleans.
Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos
by Anastasios EleftheriouThe continuing global decline of the health of the sea, and the increasing depletion of marine resources and biodiversity, caused by human activity and climate change, have led to ever-increasing international concern. These changes in the marine environment highlight the importance of effective monitoring of the ecology of the benthos which has been shown to be a sensitive index of such alterations. Completely revised and updated to include many new methods and technologies, this Fourth Edition of Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos provides comprehensive coverage on the tools and techniques available to those working in the area. Commencing with an overview of the design and analysis of benthic surveys, the book continues with chapters covering the sedimentary environment, imaging and diving techniques, macro- and meiofauna techniques, deep sea sampling, energy flow and production. An additional new chapter provided in this edition covers phytobenthos techniques. Written by many of the world’s leading authorities in marine sampling techniques and use, and edited by Professor Anastasios Eleftheriou, this comprehensive Fourth Edition is an essential tool for all marine and environmental scientists, ecologists, fisheries workers and oceanographers. Libraries in all research establishments and universities where these subjects are studied and taught will find this book to be a hugely valuable addition to their collections.
Methods in Biobanking
by Joakim DillnerInternational biobank collaborations allow for studies with large number of subjects where generalizability of findings across populations can be investigated, which means establishing quality criteria concerning the nature of the sample, conditions of sample storage, and the adequacy of available information is of vital importance. Methods in Biobanking brings together contributions from experts in the field in order to aid in the establishment of this much needed consistency. The volume discusses how to use existing collections of biological material to answer significant questions concerning the cause of disease without violating the personal integrity of participating sample donors, the ethical issues surrounding biobanks, guidelines for the use of coding systems and the use of biocomputing and registry linkages in research projects, as well as many other key subjects. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series, this collection provides the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Methods in Biobanking seeks to provide scientists with the tools necessary to take advantage of the tremendous current resources of the world's biobanks and strengthen those resources for the future.
Methods in Chemosensory Research (Frontiers in Neuroscience)
by Sidney A. Simon Miguel A.L. NicolelisMethods in Chemosensory Research describes new molecular, electrophysiological, engineering, genetic, behavioral, psychophysical, and imaging techniques that have recently been adapted to investigate the basic neuronal mechanisms underlying chemoreception. Written by leaders in the field of neuronal chemoreception specializing in olfaction, gustation, baroreception, and chemical irritation caused by environmental pollutants, this unique book combines novel methods to investigate all aspects of taste and olfaction. These methods range from the molecular level to the investigation of individual cell taste and olfactory epithelia.
Methods in Karst Hydrogeology: IAH: International Contributions to Hydrogeology, 26
by David Drew Nico GoldscheiderFilling a gap in the karst literature, this book describes methods most appropriate for use in karst terrains. These include methods that are basic to all hydrogeological studies, such as hydraulic investigations, hydrochemistry, geophysics, isotope chemistry and modelling, with the emphasis placed on their application to karst systems. The various chapters of this book are written by experts in all the different methods. Most of the chapters are multi-authored, and the authors include hydrogeologists who are experienced in evaluating a variety of karst environments and who together, provide a balanced view of all the karst methods.
Methods in Product Design: New Strategies in Reengineering
by Ali K. Kamrani Abdulrahman M. Al-Ahmari Maryam AzimiAs industries adopt consumer-focused product development strategies, they should offer broader product ranges in shorter design times and the processes that can manufacture in arbitrary lot sizes. In addition, they would need to apply state-of-the-art methods and tools to easily conduct early product design and development trade-off analysis among competing objectives. Methods in Product Design: New Strategies in Reengineering supplies insights into the methods and techniques that enable implementing a consumer-focused product design philosophy by integrating design and development capabilities with intelligent computer-based systems. The book defines customer focused design and discusses ways to assess changing demands and sources, and delves into what is needed to successfully manufacture goods in a demanding market. It reviews proven methods for assessing customer need. Then, after showing how changing needs impact the reengineering of products, it explains how change can be efficiently achieved. It details how IT advances and technology support customer-focused product development, discusses cutting-edge mass customization principles that maximize cost-effective production, and illustrates how to implement effective predictive maintenance policies.Methods in Product Design: New Strategies in Reengineering provides methods, state-of-the-art technologies, and new strategies for customer-focused product design and development that allow organizations to quickly respond to the demanding global marketplace.
Methods in Rhizosphere Biology Research (Rhizosphere Biology)
by Anil K. Sharma Didier ReinhardtThis book compiles various methodologies used in understanding interactions within the rhizosphere. An in-depth understanding of the rhizosphere is essential to developing successful strategies for future sustainable agriculture. The book summarizes methods and techniques used to study the mechanisms involved in mutualistic symbioses and pathogenic interactions of plants with various microbial organisms including fungi, bacteria, and oomycetes. Each chapter discusses different methodologies used in rhizosphere biology, while also providing real-world experimental data and trouble-shooting tips. Interested researchers will also find a wealth of literature references for further research. As the first comprehensive manual and compilation of methods and techniques used in rhizosphere biology, the book represents an essential resource for all researchers who are newcomers to soil microbiology experimentation.
Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis
by Jr., James LodgeIncludes precise directions for a long list of contaminants! All contaminants you can analyze or monitor with a given method are consolidated together to facilitate use. This book is especially valuable for indoor and outdoor air pollution control, industrial hygiene, occupational health, analytical chemists, engineers, health physicists, biologists, toxicologists, and instrument users.
Methods of Analysis for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals
by W. Jeffrey HurstIn the quest for accurate and efficient analysis of the diverse area encompassed by functional foods and nutraceuticals, analysts encounter unique challenges. Uncertainty over which compound is responsible for a particular health benefit forces analysts to look for marker compounds, sometimes at extremely low levels, and sometimes as part of a matr
Methods of Analysis of Food Components and Additives (Chemical & Functional Properties of Food Components)
by Semih ÖtleşWith diet, health, and food safety news making headlines on a regular basis, the ability to separate, identify, and analyze the nutrients, additives, and toxicological compounds found in food and food components is more important than ever. This requires proper training in the application of best methods, as well as efforts to improve existing meth
Methods of Analytical Dynamics (Dover Civil and Mechanical Engineering)
by Leonard MeirovitchA balanced presentation that encompasses both formalism and structure in analytical dynamics, this text also addresses solution methods. Its remarkably broad and comprehensive exploration of the subject employs an approach as natural as it is logical. In addition to material usually covered in graduate courses in dynamics and nonlinear mechanics, Methods of Analytical Dynamics presents selected modern applications.Contents include discussions of fundamentals of Newtonian and analytical mechanics, motion relative to rotating reference frames, rigid body dynamics, behavior of dynamical systems, geometric theory, stability of multi-degree-of-freedom autonomous and nonautonomous systems, and analytical solutions by perturbation techniques. Later chapters cover transformation theory, the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, theory and applications of the gyroscope, and problems in celestial mechanics and spacecraft dynamics. Two helpful appendixes offer additional information on dyadics and elements of topology and modern analysis. 128 figures. 1970 edition.
Methods of Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists
by Tomas B. CoBased on course notes from over twenty years of teaching engineering and physical sciences at Michigan Technological University, Tomas Co's engineering mathematics textbook is rich with examples, applications, and exercises. Professor Co uses analytical approaches to solve smaller problems to provide mathematical insight and understanding, and numerical methods for large and complex problems. The book emphasizes applying matrices with strong attention to matrix structure and computational issues such as sparsity and efficiency. Chapters on vector calculus and integral theorems are used to build coordinate-free physical models with special emphasis on orthogonal coordinates. Chapters on ODEs and PDEs cover both analytical and numerical approaches. Topics on analytical solutions include similarity transform methods, direct formulas for series solutions, bifurcation analysis, Lagrange-Charpit formulas, shocks/rarefaction and others. Topics on numerical methods include stability analysis, DAEs, high-order finite-difference formulas, Delaunay meshes, and others. MATLAB® implementations of the methods and concepts are fully integrated.
Methods of Mathematical Modelling and Computation for Complex Systems (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #373)
by Dumitru Baleanu Hemen Dutta Devendra Kumar Jagdev Singh Jordan HristovThis book contains several contemporary topics in the areas of mathematical modelling and computation for complex systems. The readers find several new mathematical methods, mathematical models and computational techniques having significant relevance in studying various complex systems. The chapters aim to enrich the understanding of topics presented by carefully discussing the associated problems and issues, possible solutions and their applications or relevance in other scientific areas of study and research. The book is a valuable resource for graduate students, researchers and educators in understanding and studying various new aspects associated with complex systems. Key Feature • The chapters include theory and application in a mix and balanced way. • Readers find reasonable details of developments concerning a topic included in this book. • The text is emphasized to present in self-contained manner with inclusion of new research problems and questions.
Methods of Mathematical Modelling: Fractional Differential Equations (Mathematics and its Applications)
by Dumitru Baleanu Harendra Singh Devendra KumarThis book features original research articles on the topic of mathematical modelling and fractional differential equations. The contributions, written by leading researchers in the field, consist of chapters on classical and modern dynamical systems modelled by fractional differential equations in physics, engineering, signal processing, fluid mechanics, and bioengineering, manufacturing, systems engineering, and project management. The book offers theory and practical applications for the solutions of real-life problems and will be of interest to graduate level students, educators, researchers, and scientists interested in mathematical modelling and its diverse applications. Features Presents several recent developments in the theory and applications of fractional calculus Includes chapters on different analytical and numerical methods dedicated to several mathematical equations Develops methods for the mathematical models which are governed by fractional differential equations Provides methods for models in physics, engineering, signal processing, fluid mechanics, and bioengineering Discusses real-world problems, theory, and applications