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Open Standards and the Digital Age
by Andrew L. RussellHow did openness become a foundational value for the networks of the twenty-first century? Open Standards and the Digital Age answers this question through an interdisciplinary history of information networks that pays close attention to the politics of standardization. For much of the twentieth century, information networks such as the monopoly Bell System and the American military's Arpanet were closed systems subject to centralized control. In the 1970s and 1980s, however, engineers in the United States and Europe experimented with design strategies to create new digital networks. In the process, they embraced discourses of "openness" to describe their ideological commitments to entrepreneurship, technological innovation, and participatory democracy. The rhetoric of openness has flourished - for example, in movements for open government, open source software, and open access publishing - but such rhetoric also obscures the ways the Internet and other "open" systems still depend heavily on hierarchical forms of control.
Open World Learning: Research, Innovation and the Challenges of High-Quality Education (Routledge Research in Digital Education and Educational Technology)
by Bart Rienties Regine Hampel Eileen Scanlon Denise WhitelockThis book provides state-of-the-art contemporary research insights into key applications and processes in open world learning. Open world learning seeks to understand access to education, structures, and the presence of dialogue and support systems. It explores how the application of open world and educational technologies can be used to create opportunities for open and high-quality education. Presenting ground-breaking research from an award winning Leverhulme doctoral training programme, the book provides several integrated and cohesive perspectives of the affordances and limitations of open world learning. The chapters feature a wide range of open world learning topics, ranging from theoretical and methodological discussions to empirical demonstrations of how open world learning can be effectively implemented, evaluated, and used to inform theory and practice. The book brings together a range of innovative uses of technology and practice in open world learning from 387,134 learners and educators learning and working in 136 unique learning contexts across the globe and considers the enablers and disablers of openness in learning, ethical and privacy implications, and how open world learning can be used to foster inclusive approaches to learning across educational sectors, disciplines and countries. The book is unique in exploring the complex, contradictory and multi-disciplinary nature of open world learning at an international level and will be of great interest to academics, researchers, professionals, and policy makers in the field of education technology, e-learning and digital education.
Openness, Secrecy, Authorship: Technical Arts and the Culture of Knowledge from Antiquity to the Renaissance
by Pamela O. LongA history of the book and intellectual property that includes military technology and military secrets.Winner of The Morris D. Forkosch Prize from the Journal of the History of IdeasIn today's world of intellectual property disputes, industrial espionage, and book signings by famous authors, one easily loses sight of the historical nature of the attribution and ownership of texts. In Openness, Secrecy, Authorship: Technical Arts and the Culture of Knowledge from Antiquity to the Renaissance, Pamela Long combines intellectual history with the history of science and technology to explore the culture of authorship. Using classical Greek as well as medieval and Renaissance European examples, Long traces the definitions, limitations, and traditions of intellectual and scientific creation and attribution. She examines these attitudes as they pertain to the technical and the practical. Although Long's study follows a chronological development, this is not merely a general work. Long is able to examine events and sources within their historical context and locale. By looking at Aristotelian ideas of Praxis, Techne, and Episteme. She explains the tension between craft and ideas, authors and producers. She discusses, with solid research and clear prose, the rise, wane, and resurgence of priority in the crediting and lionizing of authors. Long illuminates the creation and re-creation of ideas like "trade secrets," "plagiarism," "mechanical arts," and "scribal culture." Her historical study complicates prevailing assumptions while inviting a closer look at issues that define so much of our society and thought to this day. She argues that "a useful working definition of authorship permits a gradation of meaning between the poles of authority and originality," and guides us through the term's nuances with clarity rarely matched in a historical study.
OpenShift for Developers: A Guide for Impatient Beginners
by Graham Dumpleton Grant ShipleyKeen to build web applications for the cloud? Get a quick hands-on introduction to OpenShift, the open source Platform as a Service (PaaS) offering from Red Hat. With this practical guide, you’ll learn the steps necessary to build, deploy, and host a complete real-world application on OpenShift without having to slog through long, detailed explanations of the technologies involved. OpenShift enables you to use Docker application containers and the Kubernetes cluster manager to automate the way you create, ship, and run applications. Through the course of the book, you’ll learn how to use OpenShift and the Wildfly application server to build and then immediately deploy a Java application online. Learn about OpenShift’s core technology, including Docker-based containers and Kubernetes; Use a virtual machine with OpenShift installed and configured on your local environment; Create and deploy your first application on the OpenShift platform; Add language runtime dependencies and connect to a database; Trigger an automatic rebuild and redeployment when you push changes to the repository; Get a working environment up in minutes with application templates; Use commands to check and debug your application; Create and build Docker-based images for your application.
OpenStreetMap in GIScience
by Jamal Jokar Arsanjani Alexander Zipf Peter Mooney Marco HelbichThis edited volume presents a collection of lessons learned with, and research conducted on, OpenStreetMap, the goal being to promote the project's integration. The respective chapters address a) state-of-the-art and cutting-edge approaches to data quality analysis in OpenStreetMap, b) investigations on understanding OpenStreetMap contributors and the nature of their contributions, c) identifying patterns of contributions and contributors, d) applications of OpenStreetMap in different domains, e) mining value-added knowledge and information from OpenStreetMap, f) limitations in the analysis OpenStreetMap data, and g) integrating OpenStreetMap with commercial and non-commercial datasets. The book offers an ideal opportunity to present and disseminate a number of cutting-edge developments and applications in the field of geography, spatial statistics, GIS, social science, and cartography.
Opera House Acoustics Based on Subjective Preference Theory
by Yoichi AndoThis book focuses on opera house acoustics based on subjective preference theory; it targets researchers in acoustics and vision who are working in physics, psychology and brain physiology. This book helps readers to understand any subjective attributes in relation to objective parameters based on the powerful and workable model of the auditory system. It is reconfirmed here that the well-known Helmholtz theory, which was based on a peripheral model of the auditory system, may not well describe pitch, timbre and duration as well as the spatial sensations described in this book, nor overall responses such as subjective preference of sound fields and the annoyance of environmental noise.
Operando Research in Heterogeneous Catalysis
by Joost Frenken Irene GrootThis book is devoted to the emerging field of techniques for visualizing atomic-scale properties of active catalysts under actual working conditions, i. e. high gas pressures and high temperatures. It explains how to understand these observations in terms of the surface structures and dynamics and their detailed interplay with the gas phase. This provides an important new link between fundamental surface physics and chemistry, and applied catalysis. The book explains the motivation and the necessity of operando studies, and positions these with respect to the more traditional low-pressure investigations on the one hand and the reality of industrial catalysis on the other. The last decade has witnessed a rapid development of new experimental and theoretical tools for operando studies of heterogeneous catalysis. The book has a strong emphasis on the new techniques and illustrates how the challenges introduced by the harsh, operando conditions are faced for each of these new tools. Therefore, one can also read this book as a collection of recipes for the development of operando instruments. At present, the number of scientific results obtained under operando conditions is still limited and mostly focused on a simple test reaction, the catalytic oxidation of CO. This reaction thus forms a natural binding element between the chapters, linking the demonstrations of new techniques, and also connecting the theoretical and experimental studies. Some first results on other reactions are also presented. If there is one thing that can be concluded already in this early stage, it is that the catalytic conditions themselves can have dramatic effects on the structure and composition of the surfaces of catalysts, which, in turn can greatly affect the mechanisms, the activity, and the selectivity of the chemical reactions that they catalyze.
Operating Rules and Interoperability in Trans-National High-Speed Rail
by Simon Collart-DutilleulThis book examines the problem of interoperability related to operating rules and gives an overview of the formal method approaches related to this subject. The book examines the interoperability issues concerning implementation of European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) while crossing a boarder. It also looks at the implementing of the ERTMS and provides solutions regarding operating rules for ERTMS lines, using formal methods and simulation tools. The contributors will also discuss operating rule validation and formal methods for safety assessment.
Operation and Control of Electric Energy Processing Systems: Standards In Practice (IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering #72)
by Marios C. Angelides Harry AgiusThe purpose of this book is to provide a working knowledge and an exposure to cutting edge developments in operation and control of electric energy processing systems. The book focuses on the modeling and control of interdependent communications and electric energy systems, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), and the interdisciplinary education component of the EPNES initiative.
Operation and Maintenance of Large Infrastructure Projects
by Leif J. Vincentsen Jens Sandager JensenMajor Infrastructure links across water represent large investments. The structures and systems must be optimised to keep costs in control. Optimisation needs and the tendancy to more slender and light structures imply that engineering disciplines like Bridge Aerodynamics and Ship Collision Analysis have an increasing impact on the overall design of links. Also the attention to life cycle costs implies Operation and Maintenance must to investigated and planned in parallel to the design and construction of the links. The 1998 International Symposium aims at presenting state-of-the-art and future development within the three mentioned engineering disciplines. Exploring the many facets of major infrastructure projects, this symposium concentrated on developments within organisational, strategic and policy areas and both traffic and o & m management. Contributors to the papers include operators, consultants and international, experienced owners.
Operation and Maintenance of Thermal Power Stations
by Pradip Chanda Suparna MukhopaddhyayThis book illustrates operation and maintenance practices/guidelinesfor economic generation and managing health of a thermal power generator beyondits regulatory life. The book provides knowledge for professionals managing powerstation operations, through its unique approach to chemical analysis of water, steam,oil etc. to identify malfunctioning/defects in equipment/systems much before thephysical manifestation of the problem. The book also contains a detailed procedurefor conducting performance evaluation tests on different equipment, and for analyzingtest results for predicting maintenance requirements, which has lent a new dimensionto power systems operation and maintenance practices. A number of real life casestudies also enrich the book. This book will prove particularly useful to powersystems operations professionals in the developing economies, and also to researchersand students involved in studying power systems operations and control.
Operation Black Key: A Dom Riley Thriller
by Kim HughesGET INSIDE THE MIND OF A REAL LIFE BOMB DISPOSAL EXPERT Left reeling from the disappearance of his daughter and ex-wife, Staff Sergeant Dom Riley is a haunted man. After spending months investigating, he has exhausted nearly all leads in his hunt for answers. As Riley decides to make one final push for the truth, it emerges that multiple bombs are on board a civilian cruise ship and he is sent in to neutralise the threat. The mission is perilous before it&’s even begun, requiring a low-altitude parachute jump, a manoeuvre he has only completed in training – but it&’s not the journey, nor the bombs themselves, that pose the real threat. In fact, in travelling halfway across the Atlantic, Riley will ultimately learn that the danger is much closer to home . . . This is action-thriller writing at its best – gripping, fast-paced and authentic. Perfect for fans of Chris Ryan, Andy McNab and Frank Gardner, this is follow up to Operation Certain Death, part of the compulsive, breathless Dominic Riley series from Sunday Times bestselling author and bomb disposal expert, Kim Hughes GC. Praise for Kim's memoir Painting the Sand: 'Breathtaking. Kim Hughes is the man who stands between us and oblivion' Andy McNab (author of Bravo Two Zero) 'An uplifting and enlightening account of the personal courage and dedication required to do a very lonely job in the most extreme of conditions' John Nichol (The Mail On Sunday)
Operation Characteristics of Renewable Energy Sources
by Stanislav Misak Lukas ProkopThis book focuses on the operating conditions of wind, photovoltaic and off-grid power systems. It provides data collected from long-term measurements of actual industrial wind and solar farms, and offers detailed analyses of the results. This unique data is supported by a wealth of examples, tables, graphs and drawings based on real-world measurements. By providing comprehensive insights into the operation of renewable energy systems, this book broadens readers' understanding of energy sources and their practical application.
Operation Chastise: The RAF's Most Brilliant Attack of World War II
by Max HastingsOne of the most lauded historians of our time returns to the Second World War in this magnificent retelling of the awe-inspiring raid on German dams conducted by the Royal Army Force’s 617 Squadron.The attack on Nazi Germany’s dams on May 17, 1943, was one of the most remarkable feats in military history. The absurdly young men of the Royal Air Force’s 617 Squadron set forth in cold blood and darkness, without benefit of electronic aids, to fly lumbering heavy bombers straight and level towards a target at a height above the water less than the length of a bowling alley. Yet this story—and the later wartime experience of the 617 Squadron—has never been told in full. Max Hastings takes us back to the May 1943 raid to reveal how the truth of that night is considerably different from the popularized account most people know. The RAF had identified the Ruhr dams as strategic objectives as far back as 1938; in those five years Wing Commander Guy Gibson formed and trained the 617 Squadron. Hastings observes that while the dropping of Wallis’s mines provided the dramatic climax, only two of the eight aircraft lost came down over the dams—the rest were shot down on the flight to, or back from, the mission. And while the 617 Squadron’s valor is indisputable, the ultimate industrial damage caused by the dam raid was actually rather modest. In 1943, these brave men caught the imagination of the world and uplifted the weary spirits of the British people. Their achievement unnerved the Nazi high command, and caused them to expend large resources on dam defenses—making the mission a success. An example of Churchill’s “military theatre” at its best, what 617 Squadron did was an extraordinary and heroic achievement, and a triumph of British ingenuity and technology—a story to be told for generations to come.Operation Chastise includes three 8-page black-and-white photo inserts and 6 maps.
Operation Copycat (Drone Academy)
by Matthew K. ManningGrowing up with financial worries and only a single dad looking out for him, Sai Patel found escape on the Internet. And as a founding member of Drone Academy, Sai takes every opportunity to stand up for underdogs being cyber-bullied. But after ousting a particularly nasty bully from the SWARM boards, Sai's life takes a dramatic turn when his nemesis customizes a drone to look exactly like Sai's, using it to commit theft, interrupt emergency rescues, and cause as much trouble as possible. Framed for crimes he didn't commit, Sai must prove his innocence to his friends and the law, using his own drone to bring its doppelganger to justice.
Operation Dark Heart: Spycraft and Special Ops on the Frontlines of Afghanistan -- and the Path to Victory
by Anthony ShafferOn Friday, August 13, 2010, just as St. Martin's Press was readying its initial shipment of this book, the Department of Defense contacted us to express its concern that our publication of Operation Dark Heart could cause damage to U.S. national security. After consulting with our author, we agreed to incorporate some of the government's changes into a revised edition of his book while redacting other text he was told was classified. The newly revised book keeps our national interests secure, but this highly qualified warrior's story is still intact; Shaffer's assessment of successes and failures in Afghanistan remains dramatic, shocking, and crucial reading for anyone concerned about the outcome of the war. While I do not agree with the edits in many ways, the DoD redactions enhance; the reader's understanding by drawing attention to; the flawed results created by a disorganized and heavy handed military intelligence bureaucracy. Lt. Col. Anthony Shaffer had run intelligence operations for years before he arrived in Afghanistan. He was part of the; dark side of the force;---the shadowy elements of the U.S. government that function outside the bounds of the normal system. His group called themselves the Jedi Knights and pledged to use the dark arts of espionage to protect the country from its enemies. Shaffer's mission to Afghanistan, however, was unlike any he had ever experienced before. There, he led a black-ops team on the forefront of the military efforts to block the Taliban's resurgence. They not only planned complex intelligence operations to beat back the insurgents, but also played a key role in executing those operations---outside the wire. They succeeded in striking at the core of the Taliban and their safe havens across the border in Pakistan. For a moment Shaffer saw us winning the war. Then the military brass got involved. The policies that top officials relied on were hopelessly flawed. Shaffer and his team were forced to sit and watch as the insurgency grew---just across the border in Pakistan. This wasn't the first time he had seen bureaucracy stand in the way of national security. He had participated in Able Danger, the aborted intelligence operation that identified many of the future 9/11 terrorists but failed to pursue them. His attempt to reveal the truth to the 9/11 Commission would not go over well with his higher-ups. Operation Dark Heart tells the story of what really went on--and what went wrong--in Afghanistan. Shaffer witnessed firsthand the tipping point, when what seemed like certain victory turned into failure. Now, in this book, he maps out a way that could put us on the path to winning the war.
Operation Lusty: The Race for Hitler's Secret Technology
by Graham M. SimonsA fascinating overview of the Allies&’ post-WWII program to gain access to advanced Nazi war machines and the technology they ultimately recovered. Prior to the Allied D-Day assault on Normandy, France, rumors had already been circulating that high-tech Nazi super-weapons (wunderwaffe) had reached or were near completion. At the war&’s end, a mad scramble ensued to discover the enemy&’s secrets, fueled in large part by a US desire to regain its technological edge and to keep these weapons out of Soviet hands. Operation Lusty (LUftwaffe Secret TechnologY) was in full swing. In Operation Lusty, aviation historian Graham M. Simons delivers a comprehensive and detailed history of the program while cataloging the advanced war equipment that was ultimately discovered—from U-boats, carriers, and battleships to radar equipment and operating systems, to fighters, bombers, rockets, and other V-weapons. With access to previously unreleased documentation and wide-ranging archival materials, Simons distinguishes what was fact in the Nazi arsenal from what was pure fantasy, dreamed up by Joseph Goebbels&’s powerful propaganda machine. Operation Lusty sheds new light on the furious race for postwar technological superiority, and offers an insider&’s look at the full spectrum of military spoils that were gained.
Operation Moonglow: A Political History of Project Apollo
by Teasel Muir-HarmonyThe moon landing was an important moment in history, but many forget what was happening behind the scenes -- discover the groundbreaking political history of the Apollo program in this riveting exploration of America's space missions.Since July 1969, Neil Armstrong's first step on the Moon has represented the pinnacle of American space exploration and a grand scientific achievement. Yet, as Smithsonian curator Teasel Muir-Harmony argues in Operation Moonglow, its primary purpose wasn't advancing science. Rather, it was part of a political strategy to build a global coalition. Starting with President John F. Kennedy's 1961 decision to send astronauts to the Moon to promote American "freedom" over Soviet "tyranny," Project Apollo was central to American foreign relations. From that perspective, the critical event did not just take place on the lunar surface, it took place in homes, public squares, palaces, and schools around the world, as Apollo captured global attention like never before. After the Moon landing, the Apollo astronauts and President Richard Nixon traveled the world to amplify the sense of participation and global unity shared by billions of people who followed the flight.Drawing on a rich array of untapped archives and firsthand interviews with Apollo astronauts, Operation Moonglow paints a riveting picture of the intersection of spaceflight, geopolitics, propaganda, and diplomacy during the Cold War.
The Operation of Contemporary Blast Furnaces
by Yuncai LiuThis book focuses on how to keep blast furnaces running stably and smoothly with low consumption and long operating life spans. Assessing and adjusting blast furnace performance are key to operation. The book describes in detail cases of both successful and failed blast furnace operation. It also demonstrates various phenomena and “symptoms” in the smelting process that have rarely been studied before, e.g. abnormal gas distribution, bending loss of tuyere, slag crust fall-off, blast furnace thickening, and hearth accumulation. As such, it will help readers understand internal phenomena in blast furnaces, providing a basis for developing intelligent control and management systems.
Operation of Hydraulic Structures of Dams / Exploitation des Structures Hydrauliques de Barrages: Bulletin 178 (ICOLD Bulletins Series #178)
by Icold CigbThis bulletin 178, Operation of Hydraulic Structures of Dams, is an update of Bulletin 49A (1986), which was the second edition of Bulletin 49 (1984). The current update was prepared using developments and progress made in the last 30 years with operation equipment, staff building and training, and regulatory requirements. Bulletin 178 addresses the need for safe reservoir discharge under a variety of conditions, the dam operator’s staffing, evaluation (inspection) of the condition of operating equipment, and operation during unusual or extreme conditions. The operation during unusual or extreme conditions is generally focused on flood and the current abilities to predict significant precipitation events, monitor the flood approach and impact, and communicate and implement the actions needed for safe operation. An annex is provided with seven case studies that provide relevant histories for the subject matter. Ce Bulletin 178 est une mise à jour du Bulletin 49A (1986) qui était la deuxième édition du Bulletin 49 (1984). Cette mise à jour a été préparée en considérant les développements et les progrès réalisés au cours des 30 dernières années sur l’équipement d’exploitation, la constitution des équipes, la formation du personnel ainsi que les exigences réglementaires. Le bulletin traite de la nécessité d’un déversement sécuritaire du réservoir dans diverses conditions, de la dotation en personnel de l’exploitant du barrage, de l’évaluation (inspection) de l’état de l’équipement d’exploitation et de l’exploitation dans des conditions inhabituelles ou extrêmes. L’opération dans des conditions inhabituelles ou extrêmes est généralement axée sur les crues et la capacité actuelle de prévoir les précipitations importantes, afin de surveiller l’approche et l’impact des inondations, de communiquer avec le public pour mettre en œuvre les mesures nécessaires à une exploitation sécuritaire. Une annexe présente sept études de cas qui fournissent des antécédents pertinents pour le sujet.
Operation of Smart Homes (Power Systems)
by Mehdi Rahmani-AndebiliThis book presents the latest research advancements in the operation of smart homes. It comprises new operation techniques including cooperative distributed energy scheduling, framework to react to malicious cyberattacks, framework for demand-side management, and framework for the design of smart homes to support residents’ wellness as well as new optimization techniques such as stochastic model predictive control and multi-time scale optimization. In addition, the book analyzes 11,000 studies that have been indexed in scientific databases and categorizes them based on various data points, including the field and the subject of the research, the name of the institutions, and the nationality of the authors.Presents new operation techniques of smart homes;Introduces new optimization techniques for operation of smart homes;Analyses 11,000 studies and categorizes them based on different data points.
Operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Field Study Training Program (Volume 1) (Second Edition)
by Office of Water Programs College of Engineering Computer Science California State UniversityThis manual intends to help operators run their treatment plants and to expand the abilities of Operators, permitting better service to both their employers and the public.
Operation Pedestal: The Fleet That Battled to Malta, 1942
by Max HastingsRenowned historian Max Hastings recreates one of the most thrilling events of World War II: Operation Pedestal, the British action to save its troops from starvation on Malta—an action-packed tale of courage, fortitude, loss, and triumph against all odds.In 1940, Hitler had two choices when it came to the Mediterranean region: stay out, or commit sufficient forces to expel the British from the Middle East. Against his generals’ advice, the Fuhrer committed a major strategic blunder. He ordered the Wehrmacht to seize Crete, allowing the longtime British bastion of Malta to remain in Allied hands. Over the fall of 1941, the Royal Navy and RAF, aided by British intelligence, used the island to launch a punishing campaign against the Germans, sinking more than 75 percent of their supply ships destined for North Africa.But by spring 1942, the British lost their advantage. In April and May, the Luftwaffe dropped more bombs on Malta than London received in the blitz. A succession of British attempts to supply and reinforce the island by convoy during the spring and summer of 1942 failed. British submarines and surface warships were withdrawn, and the remaining forces were on the brink of starvation.Operation Pedestal chronicles the ensuing British mission to save those troops. Over twelve days in August, German and Italian forces faced off against British air and naval fleets in one of the fiercest battles of the war, while ships packed with supplies were painstakingly divided and dispersed. In the end only a handful of the Allied ships made it, most important among them the SS Ohio, carrying the much-needed fuel to the men on Malta.As Hastings makes clear, while the Germans claimed victory, it was the British who ultimately prevailed, for Malta remained a crucial asset that helped lead to the Nazis’ eventual defeat. While the Royal Navy never again attempted an operation on such scale, Hasting argues that without that August convoy the British on Malta would not have survived. In the cruel accountancy of war, the price was worth paying.
Operation, Planning, and Analysis of Energy Storage Systems in Smart Energy Hubs
by Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo Farkhondeh JabariThis book discusses the design and scheduling of residential, industrial, and commercial energy hubs, and their integration into energy storage technologies and renewable energy sources. Each chapter provides theoretical background and application examples for specific power systems including, solar, wind, geothermal, air and hydro. Case-studies are included to provide engineers, researchers, and students with the most modern technical and intelligent approaches to solving power and energy integration problems with special attention given to the environmental and economic aspects of energy storage systems.
Operation Runaway (Drone Academy)
by Matthew K. ManningDespite the fact that she's a founding member of Drone Academy, Zora Michaels is viewed as a flighty girly-girl by the other kids at her high school. Masking her genius-level intellect with the latest clothing trends and her popular group of friends, Zora's real passion lies behind her keyboard. But when the younger brother of one of the school's least popular students goes missing, Zora begins to search for the runaway using her tough-as-nails drone. Things get complicated when a nearby forest fire endangers the boy's life. Zora must coordinate with local firefighters to locate and rescue the runaway, all while keeping her identity a secret from her increasingly nosy peers.