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Melatonin in the Promotion of Health
by Ronald Ross WatsonMelatonin is a powerful hormone and antioxidant with numerous effects on the metabolism and the health of humans. This volume provides a wide variety of expert reviews on the biology of melatonin relevant to health. Beginning with a history of melatonin and its relation to circadian rhythms, the book examines its use in a host of applications, including gastrointestinal diseases, anesthesia and surgery, bone health, breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and age-related macular degeneration and uveitis. It also examines applications related to melanoma, solar skin damage, collagen synthesis, the prevention of DNA damage, mental disorders, sleep, and issues related to jet lag and shift work.
Melia and Jo
by Billy AronsonMelia and Jo will be to STEAM what Rosie Revere is to STEM. Melia is scientific and loves to create things in her backyard laboratory, but something is missing. Her inventions just aren&’t quite right. Enter Jo, her new friend with an artistic spirit. When you add the arts to sciences, something magical happens! This whimsically illustrated picture book is the perfect introduction to the benefits of STEAM-focused curriculum.
Melt Crystallization Technology
by Tine Arkenbout-de VroomeFrom the Author's Preface: There is a growing demand for ultrapure organic compounds such as fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and basic materials for use in the polymer industry. . . . In quite a number of cases, it is difficult or impossible to manufacture ultrapure organics efficiently using conventional separation techniques such as distillation. Moreover, conventional techniques usually require large amounts of energy. To improve the purification efficiency of organics, special techniques based on crystallization from the melt have been developed. Melt crystallization meets industry's need for a highly selective separation process for organic compounds which operates at low enough temperatures to prevent thermal degradation. Melt crystallization processes have the added advantage that they are energy-efficient and ecologically sound. Melt crystallization techniques appear to be particularly promising for upgrading organic materials and are one of the few routes that appear to be feasible for purifying starter materials for high-tech polymers. The aim of this book is to provide basic information on melt crystallization technology. . . . This monograph consists of three parts: 1. basic principles, 2. process options, and 3. technical equipment and applicability. This new book is the first unified guide and reference to an important chemical process technology. It is comprehensive and organized for easy reference. More than 150 diagrammatic representations, flow charts and photographs illustrate equipment and processes. More than 40 tables provide useful reference data.
Melt-Quenched Nanocrystals
by null A. M. Glezer null I. E. PermyakovaMelt quenching-the method of quenching from the liquid state-provides new opportunities for producing advanced materials with a unique combination of properties. In the process of melt quenching, attainment of critical cooling rates can produce specific structural states of the material. Nanocrystalline materials produced by melt quenching are clas
Melt Rheology and its Applications in the Plastics Industry
by Jian Wang John M DealyThis is the second edition of Melt Rheology and its Role in Plastics Processing, although the title has changed to reflect its broadened scope. Advances in the recent years in rheometer technology and polymer science have greatly enhanced the usefulness of rheology in the plastics industry. It is now possible to design polymers having specific molecular structures and to predict the flow properties of melts having those structures. In addition, rheological properties now provide more precise information about molecular structure. This book provides all the information that is needed for the intelligent application of rheology in the development of new polymers, the determination of molecular structure and the correlation of processability with laboratory test data. Theory and equations are limited to what is essential for the use of rheology in the characterization of polymers, the development of new plastics materials and the prediction of plastics processing behavior. The emphasis is on information that will be of direct use to practitioners. Extensive references are provided for those wishing to pursue certain issues in greater depth. While the primary audience is applied polymer scientists and plastics engineers, the book will also be of use to postgraduate students in polymer science and engineering and as a text for a graduate course.
Meltdown!: The Nuclear Disaster in Japan and Our Energy Future (Single Titles Ser.)
by Fred BortzJapan. March 11, 2011. 2:46 P.M. The biggest earthquake in Japan's history—and one of the world's five most powerful since 1900—devastated the Tohoku region, 320 kilometers (200 miles) northeast of Tokyo. It triggered a huge tsunami that left crippling damage in its wake. More than 13,000 people drowned, and thousands of buildings and homes were reduced to rubble. As people assessed the damage, they made the most frightening discovery of all: the Fukushima #1 nuclear power plant was seriously damaged and three of its six reactors were heading for meltdowns. Workers tried desperately—but unsuccessfully—to save them. Explosions and fires released radioactivity into the air. Within days the Japanese government declared a 20-kilometer (12-mile) evacuation zone. The future of the plant, the long-term health of those exposed to radiation, and the effects on the environment remained uncertain. Learn more about this massive catastrophe as Dr. Fred Bortz examines both the human tragedy and the scientific implications of the nuclear meltdown. Compare this disaster to similar nuclear events in the United States and in Ukraine, and move ahead with Dr. Bortz as he explores the global debate about the future of nuclear power and alternative sources of energy.
Meltdown
by James PowlikA DEADLY SECRET LIES BURIED BENEATH THE WORLD'S LAST FRONTIER Dr. Carol Harmon has taken her research vessel, the Phoenix, deep into one of the most forbidding places in the world, the ceaselessly shifting Arctic icescape. In one frightening moment, everything goes very wrong. During a routine dive, two of her crew are ravaged by what appears to be radiation poisoning. Knowing she needs help fast, Carol calls on the person she trusts most, a man leading his own expedition on the opposite pole of the globe. Brock Garner is an oceanographer, a former Naval officer, and a man who has never quite stopped loving his ex-wife, Carol. By the time Garner arrives, a frightening scenario is taking shape: Deep beneath the ice, something is leaking deadly radiation. Worse yet, it may be only part of a bigger cataclysm. A disaster of untold proportions is looming-the world's first man-made Ice Age. A life-and-death battle is about to be unleashed...not just for the Arctic, but for the very future of Earth.
Membrane and Desalination Technologies
by Yung-Tse Hung Lawrence K. Wang Jiaping Paul Chen Nazih K. ShammasIn this essential new volume, Volume 13: Membrane and Desalination Technologies, a panel of expert researchers provide a wealth of information on membrane and desalination technologies. An advanced chemical and environmental engineering textbook as well as a comprehensive reference book, this volume is of high value to advanced graduate and undergraduate students, researchers, scientists, and designers of water and wastewater treatment systems. This is an essential part of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series, an incredible collection of methodologies that study the effects of pollution and waste in their three basic forms: gas, solid, and liquid. Chapters adopt the series format, employing methods of practical design and calculation illustrated by numerical examples, including pertinent cost data whenever possible, and exploring in great detail the fundamental principles of the field. Volume 13: Membrane and Desalination Technologies is an essential guide for researchers, highlighting the latest developments in principles of membrane technology, membrane systems planning and design, industrial and municipal waste treatments, desalination requirements, wastewater reclamation, biofiltration, and more.
Membrane and Membrane-Based Processes for Wastewater Treatment (Wastewater Treatment and Research)
by Maulin P. ShahThe proposed book mainly sorts out emerging and burning issues faced day to day by municipal and industrial wastewater treatments. It also provides a comprehensive view of recent advances in hybrid treatment technologies for wastewater treatment, addresses the current limitations and challenges of applying these tools in wastewater treatment systems. This book gives an insight about recent developments in membrane technology for wastewater treatment. Industrial wastewater contains a large variety of compounds, such as heavy metals, salts and nutrients, which makes its treatment challenging. Thus, the use of conventional water treatment methods is not always effective. In this sense, membrane-based hybrid processes have emerged as a promising technology to treat complex industrial wastewater. The present book analyses and discusses the potential of membrane-based hybrid processes for the treatment of complex industrial wastewater along with the recovery of valuable compounds and water reutilization. In addition, recent and future trends in membrane technology are highlighted. FEATURES 1. The properties, mechanisms, advantages, limitations and promising solutions of different types of membrane technologies are discussed. 2. The optimization of process parameters is addressed. 3. The performance of different membranes is described. 4. The potential of nanotechnology to improve the treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment plants is presented. 5. The application of membrane and membrane-based hybrid treatment technologies for wastewater treatment is covered.
Membrane Based Methods for Dye Containing Wastewater: Recent Advances (Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry)
by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu Ali KhadirThis book highlights recent findings of membrane - based dye removal methods along with the application of photocatalytic, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membrane including membrane – based fibers, metal-organic frameworks, polyethersulfone, ceramic, etc. Among water and wastewater pollutants, dyes have been normally observed and detected in various aquatic solutions, including rivers and lakes. Aesthetic pollution, toxicity, persistent, and carcinogenicity are some of the adverse effects of dyes entering the ecosystem. Although dyes have brought a colourful world, their presence in the environment are responsible for adverse effects on the planet. Diverse physical, chemical and biological methods are available to treat dye contaminated water. This book presents membrane separation technology that has been developed in the past decade to treat different wastewaters, and owning to its effective performance, has garnered the attention of academia and industry alike.
Membrane Bioreactor Processes: Principles and Applications (Advances in Water and Wastewater Transport and Treatment)
by null Seong-Hoon YoonGrasp the Essential Principles of Membrane Bioreactor ProcessesEvolved from the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process, membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes have become the next-generation solution for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment and recycle. Membrane Bioreactor Processes: Principles and Applications explores nearly all the th
Membrane Computing
by Marian Gheorghe Grzegorz Rozenberg Arto Salomaa Claudio ZandronPart of the broader research field of natural computing, Membrane Computing is an area within computing science that aims to abstract computing ideas and models from the structure and functioning of living cells, as well as from the way the cells are organized in tissues or higher orderstructures. It studies models of computation (known as P systems) inspired by the biochemistry of cells, in particular by the role of membranes in the compartmentalization of living cells into "protected reactors". This handbook provides both a comprehensive survey of available knowledge and established research topics, and a guide to recent developments in the field, covering the subject from theory to applications. The handbook is suitable both for introducing novices to this area of research, and as a mainsource of reference for active researchers. It sets out the necessary biological and formal background, with the introductory chapter serving as a gentle introduction to and overview of membrane computing. Individual chapters, written by leading researchers in membrane computing, present the stateof the art of all main research trends and include extensive bibliographies.
Membrane Computing
by Alberto Leporati Grzegorz Rozenberg Arto Salomaa Claudio ZandronPart of the broader research field of natural computing, Membrane Computing is an area within computing science that aims to abstract computing ideas and models from the structure and functioning of living cells, as well as from the way the cells are organized in tissues or higher order structures. This handbook provides both a comprehensive survey of available knowledge and established research topics, and a guide to recent developments in the field, covering thesubject from theory to applications. The handbook is suitable both for introducing novices to this area of research, and as a main source of reference for active researchers. It sets out the necessary biological and formal background, with the introductory chapter serving as a gentle introduction toand overview of membrane computing. Individual chapters, written by leading researchers in membrane computing, present the state of the art of all main r`search trends and include extensive bibliographies.
Membrane Computing
by Grzegorz Rozenberg Arto Salomaa José M. Sempere Claudio ZandronThis bookconstitutes revised selected papers from the International Conference onMembrane Computing, CMC 2015, held in Valencia, Spain, in August 2015. The 22 fullpapers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 34submissions. The volume also contains 3 invited talks in full-paper length.
Membrane Contactor Technology: Water Treatment, Food Processing, Gas Separation, and Carbon Capture
by Mohammad Younas Mashallah RezakazemiAn eye-opening exploration of membrane contactors from a group of industry leaders In Membrane Contactor Technology: Water Treatment, Food Processing, Gas Separation, and Carbon Capture, an expert team of researchers delivers an up-to-date and insightful explanation of membrane contactor technology, including transport phenomena, design aspects, and diverse process applications. The book also includes explorations of membrane synthesis, process, and module design, as well as rarely discussed process modeling and simulation techniques. The authors discuss the technical and economic aspects of this increasingly important technology and examine the geometry, flow, energy and mass transport, and design aspects of membrane contactor modules. They also cover a wide range of application opportunities for this technology, from the materials sciences to process engineering. Membrane Contactor Technology also includes: A thorough introduction to the membrane contactor extraction process, including dispersion-free membrane extraction processes and supported liquid membrane processes Comprehensive explorations of membrane transport theory, including discussions of diffusional mass and heat transfer modeling, as well as numerical modeling In-depth examinations of module configuration and geometry, including design and flow configuration Practical discussions of modes or operation, including membrane distillation, osmotic evaporation, and forward osmosis Perfect for process engineers, biotechnologists, water chemists, and membrane scientists, Membrane Contactor Technology also belongs in the libraries of chemical engineers, polymer chemists, and chemists working in the environmental industry.
The Membrane-Coupled Activated Sludge Process in Municipal Wastewater Treatment
by Berthold GuenderThis book represents a milestone. It is the first overall presentation that summarizes the membrane-coupled activated sludge process (MCASP) in its entirety. The volume offers a thorough survey of current know-how, an explanation of the operational MCASP in municipal plants with full-scale membrane modules, and a description of its advantages and d
Membrane Desalination: From Nanoscale to Real World Applications
by Andreas SapalidisThis book aims to provide details about membrane desalination processes, starting from basic concepts leading to real world implementation. Chapters cover novel research topics such as biomimetic and nanocomposite membranes, nanostructured fillers for mixed matrix membranes, advanced characterization techniques and molecular modeling. Additionally, engineering and economical aspects of desalination as well as the exploitation of green energy sources are thoroughly presented. This books targets bridging the gap between the everyday research laboratory practices with practical application demands, so that the readers gain a global perspective of all desalination challenges.
Membrane Distillation: Membranes, Hybrid Systems and Pilot Studies
by Kang-Jia Lu Tai-Shung ChungThis book aims to elaborate the basics and recent advances of membrane distillation (MD) as the same shows promise for seawater desalination and wastewater treatment. Starting with fundamentals of MD processes, including the heat and mass transfer analysis, energy evaluation and mathematical modelling, text includes engineering and molecular design of MD membranes. Various types of hybrid systems, including freeze desalination (FD)-MD, MD-crystallization (MDC), pressure retarded osmosis (PRO)-MD and forward osmosis (FO)-MD, will be discussed in this book. Further, it summarizes the future of MD from both industrial and academic perspectives along with energy sources and economic analysis.
Membrane-Distillation in Desalination
by Farid BenyahiaMembrane-Distillation in Desalination is an attempt to provide the latest knowledge, state of the art and demystify outstanding issues that delay the deployment of the technology on a large scale. It includes new updates and comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals of membrane distillation technology and explains the energy advantage of membrane distillation for desalination when compared to traditional techniques such as thermal or reverse osmosis. The book includes the latest pilot test results from around the world on membrane distillation desalination.
Membrane Fabrication
by Nidal Hilal Ahmad Fauzi Ismail Chris J. WrightMembranes play a crucial role in ensuring the optimum use and recovery of materials in manufacturing. In the process industries, they are required for efficient production and minimization of environmental impact. They are also essential for the efficient production of clean water, a significant global issue. Membrane Fabrication brings together ex
Membrane Filtration
by Greg FoleyFocusing on the application of membranes in an engineering context, this hands-on computational guide makes previously challenging problems routine. It formulates problems as systems of equations solved with MATLAB, encouraging active learning through worked examples and end-of-chapter problems. The detailed treatments of dead-end filtration include novel approaches to constant rate filtration and filtration with a centrifugal pump. The discussion of crossflow microfiltration includes the use of kinetic and force balance models. Comprehensive coverage of ultrafiltration and diafiltration processes employs both limiting flux and osmotic pressure models. The effect of fluid viscosity on the mass transfer coefficient is explored in detail, the effects of incomplete rejection on the design and analysis of ultrafiltration and diafiltration are analysed, and quantitative treatments of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration process analysis and design are explored. Includes a chapter dedicated to the modelling of membrane fouling.
Membrane Gas Separation
by Benny Freeman Yuri YampolskiiGas separation membranes offer a number of benefits over other separation technologies, and they play an increasingly important role in reducing the environmental impacts and costs of many industrial processes.This book describes recent and emerging results in membrane gas separation, including highlights of nanoscience and technology, novel polymeric and inorganic membrane materials, new membrane approaches to solve environmental problems e.g. greenhouse gases, aspects of membrane engineering, and recent achievements in industrial gas separation. It includes:Hyperbranched polyimides, amorphous glassy polymers and perfluorinated copolymersNanocomposite (mixed matrix) membranesPolymeric magnetic membranesSequestration of CO2 to reduce global warmingIndustrial applications of gas separationDeveloped from sessions of the most recent International Congress on Membranes and Membrane Processes, Membrane Gas Separation gives a snapshot of the current situation, and presents both fundamental results and applied achievements.
Membrane Materials for Gas and Separation: Synthesis and Application fo Silicon-containing Polymers
by E. Finkelshtein Yuri YampolskiiSi containing polymers have been instrumental in the development of membrane gas separation practices since the early 1970s. Their function is to provide a selective barrier for different molecular species, where selection takes place either on the basis of size or on the basis of physical interactions or both. Combines membrane science, organosilicon chemistry, polymer science, materials science, and physical chemistry Only book to consider polymerization chemistry and synthesis of Si-containing polymers (both glassy and rubbery), and their role as membrane materials Membrane operations present environmental benefits such as reduced waste, and recovered/recycled valuable raw materials that are currently lost to fuel or to flares
Membrane Modification: Technology and Applications
by Nidal Hilal Mohamed Khayet Chris J. WrightMembrane Modification: Technology and Applications is written for engineers, scientists, graduate students, and researchers in the field of membrane science and technology, materials science, applied physics, chemistry, and environmental science. The book presents the complete range of membrane modification techniques used to increase efficiency of
Membrane Process Design Using Residue Curve Maps
by David Glasser Diane Hildebrandt Mark Peters Shehzaad KauchaliDesign and Synthesis of Membrane Separation Processes provides a novel method of design and synthesis for membrane separation. While the main focus of the book is given to gas separation and pervaporation membranes, the theory has been developed in such a way that it is general and valid for any type of membrane. The method, which uses a graphical technique, allows one to calculate and visualize the change in composition of the retentate (non-permeate) phase. This graphical approach is based on Membrane Residue Curve Maps. One of the strengths of this approach is that it is exactly analogous to the method of Residue Curve Maps that has proved so successful in distillation system synthesis and design.