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Methodology of Highway Engineering Structural Design and Construction (Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China #59)
by Hanhua Zhu Lei ShiThis book mainly studies the methodologies of structural design and construction for highway engineering, which are applicable to the overall control and the precise operation of engineering structures. It explores the method of comprehensive analysis, the simplification of complex problems, and the application of typical engineering tools. In turn, the book presents a number of innovative approaches, e.g. the coordinated control of structural deformation method, the theory of underground engineering balance and stability, and the soft soil foundation treatment of “bumping at the bridgehead.” These methodologies are then illustrated in typical cases and representative problems, explained from a practical standpoint. Examples in special settings are also discussed, e.g. highway construction in Tibet, and rebuilding after the Wenchuan earthquake. The book offers a valuable reference guide for all those whose work involves highway engineering design, construction, management, and scientific research.
Methods and Applications of Algorithmic Complexity: Beyond Statistical Lossless Compression (Emergence, Complexity and Computation #44)
by Hector Zenil Fernando Soler Toscano Nicolas GauvritThis book explores a different pragmatic approach to algorithmic complexity rooted or motivated by the theoretical foundations of algorithmic probability and explores the relaxation of necessary and sufficient conditions in the pursuit of numerical applicability, with some of these approaches entailing greater risks than others in exchange for greater relevance and applicability. Some established and also novel techniques in the field of applications of algorithmic (Kolmogorov) complexity currently coexist for the first time, ranging from the dominant ones based upon popular statistical lossless compression algorithms (such as LZW) to newer approaches that advance, complement, and also pose their own limitations. Evidence suggesting that these different methods complement each other for different regimes is presented, and despite their many challenges, some of these methods are better grounded in or motivated by the principles of algorithmic information. The authors propose that the field can make greater contributions to science, causation, scientific discovery, networks, and cognition, to mention a few among many fields, instead of remaining either as a technical curiosity of mathematical interest only or as a statistical tool when collapsed into an application of popular lossless compression algorithms. This book goes, thus, beyond popular statistical lossless compression and introduces a different methodological approach to dealing with algorithmic complexity. For example, graph theory and network science are classic subjects in mathematics widely investigated in the twentieth century, transforming research in many fields of science from economy to medicine. However, it has become increasingly clear that the challenge of analyzing these networks cannot be addressed by tools relying solely on statistical methods. Therefore, model-driven approaches are needed. Recent advances in network science suggest that algorithmic information theory could play an increasingly important role in breaking those limits imposed by traditional statistical analysis (entropy or statistical compression) in modeling evolving complex networks or interacting networks. Further progress on this front calls for new techniques for an improved mechanistic understanding of complex systems, thereby calling out for increased interaction between systems science, network theory, and algorithmic information theory, to which this book contributes.
Methods and Applications of Artificial Intelligence: Dynamic Response, Learning, Random Forest, Linear Regression, Interoperability, Additive Manufacturing and Mechatronics (ISTE Invoiced)
by Abdelkhalak El HamiArtificial Intelligence (AI) is currently one of the most talked-about technologies, both among scientists and in public media. Several factors have contributed to its development in recent years. The first is access to vast quantities of data, such as in the industrial field, the advent of Industry 4.0, which promotes automation and data sharing in several technologies. Another factor is the continuous improvement in computing power thanks to the development of ever more powerful processors and the optimization of algorithms. With these two limitations removed, the focus of most AI developments is on the quality of predictions. The integration of AI into the industrial domain represents an exciting new frontier for innovation. Just as AI has transformed many other sectors, its application to mechanical technologies enables significant improvements in design, manufacturing and quality control processes: from computer-aided design (CAD) to printing parameter optimization, defect detection and real-time monitoring. This type of technology requires computer systems, data with management systems and advanced algorithms which can be used by AIs. In mechanical engineering, AI offers many possibilities in mechanical construction, predictive maintenance, plant monitoring, robotics, additive manufacturing, materials, vibration, etc. Methods and Applications of Artificial Intelligence is dedicated to the methods and applications of AI in mechanical engineering. Each chapter clearly sets out the techniques used and developed and accompanies them with illustrative examples. The book is aimed at students but is also a valuable resource for practicing engineers and research lecturers.
Methods and Interdisciplinarity
by Roger WaldeckInterdisciplinarity research results from a growing need for multi-perspective methods, and knowledge on complex and multifaceted objects of study. It is not simply scientific research that involves several disciplines, but ultimately, the aim is confronting this knowledge and – if possible – articulating it coherently. Using specific examples, Methods and Interdisciplinarity categorizes the different modes of interdisciplinarity and discusses the mechanisms of hybridization between them. On the one hand, the book shows how the same issue can be treated according to various points of view from several disciplines, which can give rise to complementary or even contradictory knowledge. On the other hand, it illustrates how methods from some disciplines make it possible to articulate the qualitative or quantitative approaches of others.
Methods and Procedures for Building Sustainable Farming Systems: Application in the European Context
by Emiliana L. D. G. Soares da Silva Ana Alexandra Marta-CostaShowing how the method of sustainability assessment plays a key role in choosing the best agricultural productive mode, this book guides the reader through the process of selecting, from among the various approaches for building farming systems, the method of decision-making that will result in the most appropriate outcome, given the context. Case studies hail from polities as diverse as Portugal and Canada, Argentina and Lebanon. The work thus offers a valuable critical survey of the assessment methods that account for sustainability and economics, and which have developed considerably in the last two decades. The heterogeneous approaches covered here make this volume appropriate for consultation in a wide variety of social, political and geographical contexts.
Methods and Techniques for Preventing and Mitigating Water Hazards in Mines (Professional Practice in Earth Sciences)
by Shuning Dong Wanfang Zhou Qisheng Liu Hao Wang Yadong JiThis book summarizes the advances in mine hydrogeology in terms of the development of new technologies and sustainable mining to prevent water inrush disasters during coal-mine construction and production in China. It presents holistic topics that balance safe coal mining and the minimization of impacts on the environment and human beings. Systematically describing the methods and techniques used in China’s coal mines to predict, prevent and mitigate water inrushes, it includes nine case studies to illustrate the practical engineering solutions using state-of-art methods and technologies under various conditions. It also discusses how the approaches could help solve the world’s water problems, not only in mining, but also in tunneling, disposing of nuclear waste, storing natural gas, and sequestering CO2, as well as their impact on mining industries and related fields around the world. The book intended for students, researchers and practitioners working in the mining industries.
Methods and Techniques in Deep Learning: Advancements in mmWave Radar Solutions
by Avik Santra Souvik Hazra Lorenzo Servadei Thomas Stadelmayer Michael Stephan Anand DubeyMethods and Techniques in Deep Learning Introduces multiple state-of-the-art deep learning architectures for mmWave radar in a variety of advanced applications Methods and Techniques in Deep Learning: Advancements in mmWave Radar Solutions provides a timely and authoritative overview of the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based processing for various mmWave radar applications. Focusing on practical deep learning techniques, this comprehensive volume explains the fundamentals of deep learning, reviews cutting-edge deep metric learning techniques, describes different typologies of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, highlights how domain adaptation (DA) can be used for improving the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms, and more. Throughout the book, readers are exposed to product-ready deep learning solutions while learning skills that are relevant for building any industrial-grade, sensor-based deep learning solution. A team of authors with more than 70 filed patents and 100 published papers on AI and sensor processing illustrates how deep learning is enabling a range of advanced industrial, consumer, and automotive applications of mmWave radars. In-depth chapters cover topics including multi-modal deep learning approaches, the elemental blocks required to formulate Bayesian deep learning, how domain adaptation (DA) can be used for improving the performance of machine learning algorithms, and geometric deep learning are used for processing point clouds. In addition, the book: Discusses various advanced applications and how their respective challenges have been addressed using different deep learning architectures and algorithms Describes deep learning in the context of computer vision, natural language processing, sensor processing, and mmWave radar sensors Demonstrates how deep parametric learning reduces the number of trainable parameters and improves the data flow Presents several human-machine interface (HMI) applications such as gesture recognition, human activity classification, human localization and tracking, in-cabin automotive occupancy sensing Methods and Techniques in Deep Learning: Advancements in mmWave Radar Solutions is an invaluable resource for industry professionals, researchers, and graduate students working in systems engineering, signal processing, sensors, data science, and AI.
Methods and Techniques of Signal Processing in Physical Measurements (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #548)
by Robert Hanus Christian Kreischer Damian Mazur<p>This book discusses selected issues of modern electrical metrology in the fields of sensor technology, signal processing and measurement systems, addressing theoretical problems and applications regarding measurements in electrical engineering, mechanics, telecommunications, medicine and geology, as well as in the aviation and transport industries. <p>It presents selected papers from the XXII International Seminar of Metrology “Methods and Techniques of Signal Processing in Physical Measurements” (MSM2018) held in Rzeszów-Arłamów, Poland on September 17–20, 2018. The conference was organized by the Rzeszow University of Technology, Department of Metrology and Diagnostic Systems (Poland) and Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Information Measuring Technology (Ukraine). <p>The book provides researchers and practitioners with insights into the state of the art in these areas, and also serves as a source of new ideas for further development and cooperation.</p>
Methods and Technologies for Measuring the Earth’s Gravity Field Parameters (Earth Systems Data and Models #5)
by V. G. Peshekhonov O. A. StepanovThis book offers extensive information on the operation of gravimeters, including airborne, marine and terrestrial ones, and on the associated data processing methods such as optimal and adaptive filtering, smoothing, structural and parametric identification. Further, it describes specific features relating to the study of the gravitational field in remote areas of the Earth, with the necessary modifications of equipment and software for all-latitude applications. Findings from gravity studies in such remote areas are also presented. Advanced methods for studying the gravitational field, including those for simultaneous determination of gravity anomalies and deflection of the vertical are described and analyzed in detail. Gravity gradiometers and cold atom gravimeters are also covered. Last but not least, the book deals with the development of Earth’s gravity field models and their various applications, including map-aided navigation, with a special attention to model accuracy estimation. Gathering research findings and best practice recommendations relating to Earth’s gravity field measurements, collected by a team of researchers and professionals, the book offers a unique guide for engineers, scientists and graduate students dealing with terrestrial, marine and airborne gravimetry. It will also help other specialists involved in developing and using navigation systems in practice, including designers of gravimetric equipment and navigators.
Methods and Tools for Computer-aided Design of Multidimensional Filters in Signal Processing
by Andrzej HandkiewiczUnderstand and apply the tools of computer-aided design to analog signal processing Signal processing is done mostly with digital circuits, but because the signals generated by our environment are themselves analog, some incorporation of analog circuitry is unavoidable. The design and construction of analog circuits is difficult and time-consuming out of all proportion to the number and prominence of these circuits in signal processing systems. In recent years, groundbreaking computer-aided tools have emerged to facilitate and hasten the design of these circuits. Methods and Tools for Computer-aided Design of Multidimensional Filters in Signal Processing offers an introduction to these tools and their applications. It will focus particularly on VHDL, the most popular language used to describe hardware, and an essential tool in presenting circuits which are too complex to present graphically. Offering a design method based in C++ and a variety of techniques for fabricating integrated circuits, this is a must-own volume for researchers and engineers working on signal processing methods. Methods and Tools for Computer-aided Design of Multidimensional Filters in Signal Processing readers will also find: A design strategy based on gyrator-capacitor circuits as prototype filtersOptions for implementing circuits as either continuous or discrete time filtersConcrete example of a filter implemented in SI technique Methods and Tools for Computer-aided Design of Multidimensional Filters in Signal Processing is ideal for researchers working on signal processing, as well as engineers, programmers, and other experts developing computer tools for filter design.
Methods andAlgorithms in Navigation: Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
by Adam Weintrit Tomasz NeumannThe TransNav 2011 Symposium held at the Gdynia Maritime University, Poland in June 2011 has brought together a wide range of participants from all over the world. The program has offered a variety of contributions, allowing to look at many aspects of the navigational safety from various different points of view. Topics presented and discussed at th
Methods for Appearance-based Loop Closure Detection: Applications To Topological Mapping And Image Mosaicking (Springer Tracts In Advanced Robotics #122)
by Emilio Garcia-Fidalgo Alberto OrtizMapping and localization are two essential tasks in autonomous mobile robotics. Due to the unavoidable noise that sensors present, mapping algorithms usually rely on loop closure detection techniques, which entail the correct identification of previously seen places to reduce the uncertainty of the resulting maps. This book deals with the problem of generating topological maps of the environment using efficient appearance-based loop closure detection techniques. Since the quality of a visual loop closure detection algorithm is related to the image description method and its ability to index previously seen images, several methods for loop closure detection adopting different approaches are developed and assessed. Then, these methods are used in three novel topological mapping algorithms. The results obtained indicate that the solutions proposed attain a better performance than several state-of-the-art approaches. To conclude, given that loop closure detection is also a key component in other research areas, a multi-threaded image mosaicing algorithm is proposed. This approach makes use of one of the loop closure detection techniques previously introduced in order to find overlapping pairs between images and finally obtain seamless mosaics of different environments in a reasonable amount of time.
Methods for Assessment of Soil Degradation
by Rattan Lal Winfried E. Blum C. Valentin B.A. StewartSoil degradation has serious global impacts on agronomic, economic, and sociopolitical conditions, however, statistics regarding the degree of these impacts has been largely unreliable. This book aims to standardize the methodology for obtaining reliable and objective data on soil degradation. It will also identify and develop criteria for assessing the severity of soil degradation, providing a realistic scenario of the problem.
Methods for Bioremediation of Water and Wastewater Pollution (Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World #51)
by Inamuddin Mohd Imran Ahamed Eric Lichtfouse Abdullah M. AsiriThis book presents advanced techniques for wastewater treatment and the chapters review the environmental impact of water pollution, the analysis of water quality, and technologies for the preservation of water resources. Also outlined in this volume is the bioremediation of heavy metals, dyes, bisphenols, phthalates, cyanobacteria in contaminated water and wastewater. Another focus of this book is the use of natural remediation techniques such as bacterial biofilms and enzymes.
Methods for Electrocatalysis: Advanced Materials and Allied Applications
by Inamuddin Rajender Boddula Abdullah M. AsiriThis book explores key parameters, properties and fundamental concepts of electrocatalysis. It also discusses the engineering strategies, current applications in fuel-cells, water-splitting, metal-ion batteries, and fuel generation. This book elucidates entire category viewpoints together with industrial applications. Therefore, all the sections of this book emphasize the recent advances of different types of electrocatalysts, current challenges, and state-of-the-art studies through detailed reviews. This book is the result of commitments by numerous experts in the field from various backgrounds and expertise and appeals to industrialists, researchers, scientists and in addition understudies from various teaches.
Methods for Enhancing Biogas Production (Innovations in Environmental Engineering)
by Agnieszka MontusiewiczThe concern about using organic waste as a renewable energy source is a critical worldwide issue. In this area, anaerobic digestion (AD) seems to be a promising solution because of the significant reduction of waste quantity and generation of valuable products such as biogas, regarded as being a good energy carrier and digestate with high nutritional potential for agriculture. The current trends in AD focus on improving the efficiency of the process to make this a cost-effective treatment. Depending on the source (agricultural, municipal, or industrial), organic waste varies considering both its composition and structure, and thus the bioaccessibility and biodegradability.Accordingly, materials rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and fats require different operational conditions to overcome technological problems and minimize the risk of disruption or failure of the anaerobic systems.Different strategies can be used to enhance biogas production, including waste pretreatment (physical, chemical, physico-chemical, biological, and combined), two-stage AD (temperaturephased AD and two-phase AD), anaerobic co-digestion (two-substrate and multi-substrate systems), and bioaugmentation (with natural strains or specialized consortia of microorganisms and genetically modified microorganisms or their consortia). Some of them enhance its accessibility and digestibility, while others improve nutritional balance, metabolic properties, and operational factors, facilitating synergistic effect of microorganisms. This book covers the current developments in the area of enhancing biogas production.
Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment
by David BrusickGenetic disease contributes to a major portion of our health care costs. While most of the human genetic burden is transmitted from generation to generation, environmental chemicals capable of reacting with germ cell DNA could produce new mutations, resulting in an even greater genetic liability for the next generation. The potential impact of environmental mutagens on the health and viability of other living things is important to consider as well. Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment features contributions from international experts to provide a comprehensive review of the current status of genetic risk assessment. You'll learn about various methods and strategies for when and how to conduct genetic risk assessments on human populations. You will also learn about the potential effects of environmental genotoxins on nonhuman organisms.
Methods for Imaging Cell Membranes (Series in Cellular and Clinical Imaging)
by Luca Panconi Daniel Nieves Maria Makarova Dylan OwenThis book will serve as an introduction to microscopy and biomedical imaging methods, with a focus on the study of the distributions and dynamics of molecules on the cell surface. It will provide readers with an in-depth understanding of how modern microscopy methodology can be used to understand the organisation of cell membrane systems and how experiments can be designed around these methodologies. There are numerous methods employed to understand cell membrane organisation, but foremost among them are microscopy methods which can map the distributions of molecules on the cell surface and even map the biophysical properties of membranes themselves. Fluorescence microscopy has been especially widely used due to its specificity and relatively noninvasive nature, allowing live-cell imaging. However, the recent advance of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has broken the previous resolution limit for this type of microscopy, which has been an important advancement in the field. Atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy have also been deployed to learn about membrane organisation and properties. Each chapter in this volume will be themed around measuring a particular property of cell membranes. In each case, the authors examine the range of methodology applicable to the task, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each one, and will also provide an overview of important discoveries that have been made using the methodology being discussed. The chapters will cover: • Measuring membrane protein distributions using single-molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) • Measuring membrane protein dynamics and diffusion using fluorescence correla-tion spectroscopy (FCS) • Mapping membrane lipid backing using environmentally sensitive fluorescence probes • Mapping membrane thickness and rigidity using atomic force microscopy • Mapping membrane proteins and the cytoskeleton using electron microscopy This book will be a valuable resource to graduate and upper-level undergraduate students and industry researchers in the fields of cell biology, microbiology, microscopy, and medical imaging.
Methods for Investigation of Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism (Methods In Nutritional Research Ser. #2)
by Antoine E. El-KhouryContaining all the new as well as classical methodologies used in the investigation of amino acid and protein metabolism in human and animal models, this book is needed because of the dramatic increase in research in this field. There is no other book currently on the market that covers these methods of investigation.Methods for Investigation of Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism explores areas such as amino acid transfer across tissue membranes, past and new applications using stable isotopes, protein synthesis in organs and tissues, and more. Because of the importance of research methods in the field of amino acid and protein nutrition and metabolism, this book facilitates the reader's integration of the concepts involved in these investigative research methods and their corollaries.In addition to helping any nutrition investigator design and conduct appropriate research protocols in this area of nutrition, this book assists students who are planning to investigate amino acid and protein metabolism in humans or laboratory animals.
Methods for Reliability Improvement and Risk Reduction
by Michael TodinovReliability is one of the most important attributes for the products and processes of any company or organization. This important work provides a powerful framework of domain-independent reliability improvement and risk reducing methods which can greatly lower risk in any area of human activity. It reviews existing methods for risk reduction that can be classified as domain-independent and introduces the following new domain-independent reliability improvement and risk reduction methods: Separation Stochastic separation Introducing deliberate weaknesses Segmentation Self-reinforcement Inversion Reducing the rate of accumulation of damage Permutation Substitution Limiting the space and time exposure Comparative reliability models The domain-independent methods for reliability improvement and risk reduction do not depend on the availability of past failure data, domain-specific expertise or knowledge of the failure mechanisms underlying the failure modes. Through numerous examples and case studies, this invaluable guide shows that many of the new domain-independent methods improve reliability at no extra cost or at a low cost. Using the proven methods in this book, any company and organisation can greatly enhance the reliability of its products and operations.
Methods for Solving Complex Problems in Fluids Engineering
by Can Kang Haixia Liu Yongchao Zhang Ning MaoThis book describes recently developed research methods used to study complex problems in fluid engineering, especially optical flow measurement, flow visualization and numerical methods. It includes a wealth of diagrams and images, and the content is presented in a step-by-step manner from beginning to end, helping readers grasp the central points of the book.The book also presents a number of practical cases, illustrating how the research methods covered can be concretely implemented. Lastly, the book offers a valuable point of departure for pursuing further research.
Methods for the Analysis of Stone Artefacts: An Overview (essentials)
by Yvonne Tafelmaier Guido Bataille Viola Schmid Andreas Taller Manuel WillThis essential gives an overview of current methods of analysis of stone artefacts ranging from attribute analysis of entire inventories to microscopic analyses of traces of use of individual artefacts. The presented approaches show the range of analysis of prehistoric stone artefacts in the German-speaking area. Simple examples of application illustrate the possibilities and limitations of each method. The content and structure of the essentials is identical to teaching units for learning methods of stone artefact analysis at the University of Tübingen in the Department of Early Prehistory.
Methods for the Assessment of the Structural Integrity of Components and Structures
by D. LidburyThis book includes key features arising from structural analysis in the NESC-I benchmark experiment form the second International Conference on NDE in Relation to Structural Integrity for Nuclear and Pressurized Components, New Orleans.
Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos
by Anastasios EleftheriouThe continuing global decline of the health of the sea, and the increasing depletion of marine resources and biodiversity, caused by human activity and climate change, have led to ever-increasing international concern. These changes in the marine environment highlight the importance of effective monitoring of the ecology of the benthos which has been shown to be a sensitive index of such alterations. Completely revised and updated to include many new methods and technologies, this Fourth Edition of Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos provides comprehensive coverage on the tools and techniques available to those working in the area. Commencing with an overview of the design and analysis of benthic surveys, the book continues with chapters covering the sedimentary environment, imaging and diving techniques, macro- and meiofauna techniques, deep sea sampling, energy flow and production. An additional new chapter provided in this edition covers phytobenthos techniques. Written by many of the world’s leading authorities in marine sampling techniques and use, and edited by Professor Anastasios Eleftheriou, this comprehensive Fourth Edition is an essential tool for all marine and environmental scientists, ecologists, fisheries workers and oceanographers. Libraries in all research establishments and universities where these subjects are studied and taught will find this book to be a hugely valuable addition to their collections.
Methods in Biobanking
by Joakim DillnerInternational biobank collaborations allow for studies with large number of subjects where generalizability of findings across populations can be investigated, which means establishing quality criteria concerning the nature of the sample, conditions of sample storage, and the adequacy of available information is of vital importance. Methods in Biobanking brings together contributions from experts in the field in order to aid in the establishment of this much needed consistency. The volume discusses how to use existing collections of biological material to answer significant questions concerning the cause of disease without violating the personal integrity of participating sample donors, the ethical issues surrounding biobanks, guidelines for the use of coding systems and the use of biocomputing and registry linkages in research projects, as well as many other key subjects. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series, this collection provides the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Methods in Biobanking seeks to provide scientists with the tools necessary to take advantage of the tremendous current resources of the world's biobanks and strengthen those resources for the future.