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Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Supercritical and Subcritical Fluid Extraction Processes
by Zainuddin A. Manan Gholamreza Zahedi Ana Najwa MustapaThis book provides a complete guide on tools and techniques for modeling of supercritical and subcritical fluid extraction (SSFE) processes and phenomena. It provides details for SSFE from managing the experiments to modeling and optimization. It includes the fundamentals of SSFE as well as the necessary experimental techniques to validate the models. The optimization section includes the use of process simulators, conventional optimization techniques and state-of-the-art genetic algorithm methods. Numerous practical examples and case studies on the application of the modeling and optimization techniques on the SSFE processes are also provided. Detailed thermodynamic modeling with and without co-solvent and non equilibrium system modeling is another feature of the book.
Modeling, Synthesis and Fracture of Advanced Materials for Industrial and Medical Applications (Advanced Structured Materials #136)
by Holm Altenbach Victor Eremeyev Sergei M. Aizikovich Michael Vincent Swain Alexander GalybinThis book gathers papers presented at the international workshop PMSDAM’19. The respective contributions offer valuable insights for researchers working on numerical solutions to advanced materials problems. The problems concerning the remineralization of teeth are considered. Of particular interest are articles exploring topics at the interface of different disciplines.
Modellbasierte Produktentwicklung: Kundenbedürfnisse verstehen und tradierte Denkstile überwinden (essentials)
by Werner EngelnWas sind die Ursachen dafür, dass mit viel Aufwand entwickelte Produkte im Markt scheitern? Die Produkte wurden an den Bedürfnissen der Kunden*innen vorbei entwickelt. Aber kein Unternehmen wird bewusst an den Kundenbedürfnissen vorbei entwickeln. Das vorliegende Buch befasst sich mit der Frage, wie objektiv eigentlich die Bedürfnisse von Kunden*innen ihren Weg in die Entwicklungsorganisation eines Unternehmens finden können und wie objektive sie dort in ein Produkt umgesetzt werden können. Ausgehend von Antworten auf diese Frage wird ein Ansatz entwickelt, mit Hilfe physischer Modelle eine frühzeitige Wahrnehmung der Produktattribute durch Kunden*innen zu ermöglichen, so deren Bedürfnisse genauer zu treffen und damit die Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit der Produkte im Markt zu verbessern.
Modellbasierte virtuelle Produktentwicklung
by Martin Eigner, Daniil Roubanov and Radoslav ZafirovEine innovative interdisziplinäre Produktentwicklung erfordert das Überdenken heutiger Methoden, Prozesse, IT-Lösungen und Organisationsformen. In diesem Buch wird anhand eines zentralen Beispiels das interdisziplinäre Vorgehen zur modellbasierten Entwicklung mechatronischer Systeme am erweiterten V-Modell beschrieben. Dabei werden bestehende disziplinspezifische und disziplinübergreifende Konstruktionsmethoden berücksichtigt. Die durchgängige Nutzung digitaler Modelle wird in den Phasen des Requirements Engineerings, der interdisziplinären Systemmodellbildung, der disziplinspezifischen Detailentwicklung sowie der digitalen Fabrikplanung veranschaulicht. Weiterhin werden die Ausgestaltung und Steuerung von Entwicklungsprozessen über Prozessmodelle adressiert. Zentrale Faktoren in der Entwicklung, wie Produktkomplexität, Humanfaktoren und Nachhaltigkeit werden darüber hinaus beleuchtet. Der Nutzen des Modelleinsatzes über den Produktentwicklungsprozess hinaus wird damit herausgestellt.
Modellbildung und Simulation der Dynamik von Kraftfahrzeugen
by Dieter Schramm Manfred Hiller Roberto BardiniDas Buch beschreibt die Grundlagen der Dynamik von Kraftfahrzeugen und die mathematische Modellierung von Einspurmodellen bis hin zu komplexen, räumlichen Mehrkörpermodellen. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf dem Prozess der Modellerstellung vom realen Fahrzeug bis hin zum mathematischen Modell sowie auf der Validierung der Ergebnisse. Ausgewählte Anwendungsszenarien erläutern die behandelten Grundlagen. Der Leser lernt, eigene Simulationsmodelle zu entwickeln, kommerzielle Simulationsprogramme einzusetzen, eine geeignete Modellierung auszuwählen und die Ergebnisse von Simulationen zu bewerten. In der zweiten Auflage wurden neben einzelnen Korrekturen und Klarstellungen eine Reihe von Anwendungsbeispielen aktualisiert und ergänzt.
Modellbildung und Simulation der Dynamik von Kraftfahrzeugen
by Dieter Schramm Manfred Hiller Roberto BardiniDas Buch beschreibt die Grundlagen der Dynamik von Kraftfahrzeugen und die mathematische Modellierung von Einspurmodellen bis hin zu komplexen, räumlichen Mehrkörpermodellen. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf dem Prozess der Modellerstellung vom realen Fahrzeug bis hin zum mathematischen Modell sowie auf der Validierung der Ergebnisse. Ausgewählte Anwendungsszenarien erläutern die behandelten Grundlagen. Der Leser lernt, eigene Simulationsmodelle zu entwickeln, kommerzielle Simulationsprogramme einzusetzen, eine geeignete Modellierung auszuwählen und die Ergebnisse von Simulationen zu bewerten.Neben einigen Korrekturen wurden für die vorliegende dritte Auflage weitere Anwendungsbeispiele für Standardfahrmanöver ergänzt. Um dem sowohl in der Forschung, gerade aber auch in der industriellen Anwendung verstärkten Einsatz von Fahrsimulatoren Rechnung zu tragen, wurde ein neuer Abschnitt zu den Themen Konzeption, Implementierung und Anwendung von Fahrsimulatoren ergänzt.Die ZielgruppenDas Buch wendet sich sowie an Entwicklungsingenieure, die Aufgaben im Bereich der Fahrzeugdynamik bearbeiten und an Studierende der Ingenieur- und Naturwissenschaften, die sich im Rahmen Ihres Studiums mit Themenstellungen der Fahrzeugdynamik beschäftigen.
Modellierung komplexer Prozesse durch naturanaloge Verfahren: Künstliche Intelligenz und Künstliches Leben
by Jürgen Klüver Christina Klüver Jörn SchmidtDieses Buch ist eine Einführung in naturanaloge Techniken und verwandte formale Methoden. Zu jeder Technik werden Anwendungsbeispiele gegeben. Dargestellt werden Zellularautomaten und Boolesche Netze, Evolutionäre Algorithmen sowie Simulated Annealing, Fuzzy-Methoden, Neuronale Netze und schließlich Hybride Systeme, d.h. Koppelungen verschiedener dieser Techniken. Auf der Basis der Theorie komplexer dynamischer Systeme werden zusätzlich theoretische Grundlagen dargestellt und es wird auf die Gemeinsamkeiten der auf einen ersten Blick sehr heterogenen Techniken hingewiesen. Die aktuelle Auflage wurde vollständig überarbeitet und erweitert.
Modellierung komplexer Prozesse durch naturanaloge Verfahren: Künstliche Intelligenz und Künstliches Leben
by Jürgen Klüver Christina Klüver Jörn SchmidtDieses Buch ist eine Einführung in naturanaloge Techniken und verwandte formale Methoden. Zu jeder Technik werden Anwendungsbeispiele gegeben. Dargestellt werden Zellularautomaten und Boolesche Netze, Evolutionäre Algorithmen sowie Simulated Annealing, Fuzzy-Methoden, Neuronale Netze und schließlich Hybride Systeme, d.h. Koppelungen verschiedener dieser Techniken. Auf der Basis der Theorie komplexer dynamischer Systeme werden zusätzlich theoretische Grundlagen dargestellt und es wird auf die Gemeinsamkeiten der auf einen ersten Blick sehr heterogenen Techniken hingewiesen. Die Auflage wurde überarbeitet und erweitert mit aktuellen Trends wie ChatGPT.
Modellierung logistischer Systeme (Fachwissen Logistik Ser.)
by Horst TempelmeierIn diesem Band wird die Simulation von Logistiksystemen (Supply Chains) als häufig in der Praxis eingesetzte Methode zur Absicherung von Entscheidungen über Systemstrukturen und logistischen Prozessen ausführlich dargestellt. Darüberhinaus wird ein Überblick über die Möglichkeiten der Nutzung von Auktionen in logistischen Systemen vermittelt. Schließlich werden Strukturen von Informationssystemen in der Logistik beschrieben.
Modellierung und Python-Simulation von Magneten für Anwendungen in der Leistungselektronik
by Shivkumar V. IyerDieses Buch beschreibt die Rolle des Magnetismus in der Elektrotechnik, ausgehend von den grundlegendsten physikalischen Gesetzen, die in Simulationsmodelle umgewandelt wurden. Dadurch können Elektrotechnikstudierende durch Beispiele und Übungen lernen. Der Autor entmystifiziert ein Thema, das viele Elektroingenieure als selbstverständlich betrachten, und gibt den Lesern Werkzeuge an die Hand, um zu verstehen, wie jede magnetische Komponente funktioniert. Er beschreibt magnetische Bauteile wie Induktoren und Transformatoren in einfach verständlicher Sprache. Mathematische Gleichungen im Zusammenhang mit den grundlegenden physikalischen Gesetzen werden im Detail erläutert, ebenso wie die physikalische Bedeutung der Gleichungen. Jede Anwendung wird durch eine Simulation unterstützt. Alle Simulationen werden unter Verwendung kostenloser und quelloffener Software auf Python-Basis durchgeführt, was den Inhalt dieses Buches universell zugänglich macht.
Modellierung, Analyse und Simulation elektrischer und mechanischer Systeme mit Maple™ und MapleSim™: Anwendung in Elektrotechnik, Mechanik und Antriebstechnik
by Rolf MüllerDieses Lehrbuch vermittelt Grundwissen zur Lösung von Problemen der Elektrotechnik, der Antriebstechnik und der Mechatronik mit Hilfe des mathematischen Expertensystems Maple™ und des objektorientierten Simulationssystems MapleSim™. Der Autor stellt zunächst Maple™ in konzentrierter Form vor. Danach geht er ausführlich auf die Ermittlung analytischer und numerischer Lösungen von Differentialgleichungen mit Maple™ ein. Der Modellierung und Analyse elektrischer und mechanischer Systeme mit Unterstützung durch Maple™ sowie komplexeren Anwendungsbeispielen sind die folgenden Kapitel des Buches gewidmet. Ausführlich beschrieben werden auch das objektorientierte Modellieren und Simulieren mit MapleSim™ und die Zusammenarbeit von Maple™ mit MapleSim™, Matlab™ und Scilab™.
Modelling Approaches to Understand Salinity Variations in a Highly Dynamic Tidal River: The Case of the Shatt al-Arab River (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Ali Dinar AbdullahThis book reports the first systematic monitoring and modelling study on water availability, water quality and seawater intrusion of the Shatt al-Arab River (SAR) on the border of Iraq and Iran, where causes and concentration levels of salinity have not yet been fully understood, let alone addressed, leading to conflicting perceptions of its origin (external or internal), the natural conditions and the practices that can explain the current critical conditions. Current scientific knowledge on the SAR salinity problem is deficient, partially due to the complex and dynamic interaction between marine and terrestrial salinity sources, including return flows by water users of the different water sectors in the Euphrates and Tigris rivers upstream of the SAR. The development of a new series of monitoring stations and various modelling approaches helped to better understand the interactions between these different sources. The comprehensive and detailed dataset formed the basis for a validated analytical model that can predict the extent of seawater relative to other salinity sources in an estuary, and for a hydrodynamic model that can predict salinity changes. The adaptability of the models to changing conditions makes them directly applicable by water managers. The procedure can be applied to other comparable systems.
Modelling Atomic Arrangements in Multicomponent Alloys: A Perturbative, First-Principles-Based Approach (Springer Series in Materials Science #346)
by Christopher D. WoodgateThis book provides a comprehensive overview of a computationally efficient approach for modelling the phase behaviour of multicomponent alloys from first principles, describing both short- and long-range atomic ordering tendencies. The study of multicomponent alloy systems, which combine three or more base elements in near-equal ratios, has garnered significant attention in materials science due to the potential for the creation of novel materials with superior properties for a variety of applications. High-entropy alloys, which contain four or more base elements, have emerged as a particularly fascinating subset of these systems, demonstrating extraordinary strength and fracture resistance, among other desirable properties. The book presents a novel modelling approach for studying the phase behaviour of these systems, which is based on a perturbative analysis of the internal energy of the disordered alloy as evaluated within the Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker (KKR) formulation of density functional theory (DFT), using the coherent potential approximation (CPA) to average over chemical disorder. Application of a Landau-type theory to an approximate form of the Gibbs free energy enables direct inference of chemical disorder/order transitions. In addition, the perturbative analysis facilitates extraction of atom-atom effective pair interactions for further atomistic simulations. The connection between the arrangement of atoms in a material and its magnetic properties is also studied. By outlining and applying the proposed modelling techniques to several systems of interest, this book serves as a valuable resource for materials scientists, physicists, and chemists alike, seeking to understand and develop new alloy systems with enhanced materials properties.
Modelling Behaviour
by Christoph Gengnagel Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen Martin Tamke Billie Faircloth Fabian ScheurerThis book reflects and expands on the current trend in the building industry to understand, simulate and ultimately design buildings by taking into consideration the interlinked elements and forces that act on them. This approach overcomes the traditional, exclusive focus on building tasks, while posing new challenges in all areas of the industry from material and structural to the urban scale. Contributions from invited experts, papers and case studies provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the field, as well as perspectives from related disciplines, such as computer science. The chapter authors were invited speakers at the 5th Symposium "Modelling Behaviour", which took place at the CITA in Copenhagen in September 2015.
Modelling Command and Control: Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (Human Factors in Defence)
by Neville A. Stanton Chris BaberSince its inception, just after the Second World War, Human Factors research has paid special attention to the issues surrounding human control of systems. Command and control environments continue to represent a challenging domain for human factors research. Modelling Command and Control takes a broad view of command and control research, to include C2 (command and control), C3 (command, control and communication), and C4 (command, control, communication and computers) as well as human supervisory control paradigms. The book presents case studies in diverse military applications (for example, land, sea and air) of command and control. The book explores the differences and similarities in the land, sea and air domains; the theoretical and methodological developments, approaches to system and interface design, and the workload and situation awareness issues involved. It places the role of humans as central and distinct from other aspects of the system. Using extensive case study material, Modelling Command and Control demonstrates how the social and technical domains interact, and why each require equal treatment and importance in the future.
Modelling Congenital Heart Disease: Engineering a Patient-specific Therapy
by Gianfranco Butera Silvia Schievano Giovanni Biglino Doff B. McElhinneyThis book combines medicinal and engineering knowledge to present engineering modelling applications (mainly computational, but also experimental) in the context of facilitating a patient-centred approach to treating congenital heart disease (CHD). After introducing the basic concepts of engineering tools, it discusses modelling and the applications of engineering techniques (e.g. computational fluid dynamics, fluid-structure interaction, structural simulations, virtual surgery, advanced image analysis, 3D printing) in specific congenital heart diseases. It also offers a number of clinical case studies describing the applications in real-life clinical practice. The final section focuses on the importance of surgical training, counselling and patient communication. Considering the unique anatomical arrangement pre/post repair in CHD, as well as the different surgical strategy and device options (e.g. stents) for interventions, a patient-specific approach is certainly warranted in this area of medicine, and engineering is helping improve our understanding of individual patients and their particular anatomy and physiology. To reinforce the idea of a necessary dialogue between clinicians and engineers, this book has not only been edited by two cardiologists and two bioengineers, but each chapter has been written by a clinician and an engineer, incorporating both voices in the description of state-of-the-art models for different CHDs.
Modelling Diesel Combustion (Mechanical Engineering Series)
by P. A. Lakshminarayanan Yogesh V. AghavThis book comprehensively discusses diesel combustion phenomena like ignition delay, fuel-air mixing, rate of heat release, and emissions of smoke, particulate and nitric oxide. It enables quantitative evaluation of these important phenomena and parameters. Most importantly, it attempts to model them with constants that are independent of engine types and hence they could be applied by the engineers and researchers for a general engine. This book emphasizes the importance of the spray at the wall in precisely describing the heat release and emissions for most of the engines on and off-road. It gives models for heat release and emissions. Every model is thoroughly validated by detailed experiments using a broad range of engines. The book describes an elegant quasi-one-dimensional model for heat release in diesel engines with single as well as multiple injections. The book describes how the two aspects, namely, fuel injection rate and the diameter of the combustion bowl in the piston, have enabled meeting advanced emission, noise, and performance standards. The book also discusses the topics of computational fluid dynamics encompassing RANS and LES models of turbulence. Given the contents, this book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the area of vehicle engineering and engine technology. This book will also be a good professional book for practising engineers in the field of combustion engines and automotive engineering.
Modelling Drying Processes
by Xiao Dong Chen Aditya PutrantoThis comprehensive summary of the state of the art and the ideas behind the reaction engineering approach (REA) to drying processes is an ideal resource for researchers, academics and industry practitioners. Starting with the formulation, modelling and applications of the lumped-REA, it goes on to detail the use of the REA to describe local evaporation and condensation, and its coupling with equations of conservation of heat and mass transfer, called the spatial-REA, to model non-equilibrium multiphase drying. Finally, it summarises other established drying models, discussing their features, limitations and comparisons with the REA. Application examples featured throughout help fine-tune the models and implement them for process design and the evaluation of existing drying processes and product quality during drying. Further uses of the principles of REA are demonstrated, including computational fluid dynamics-based modelling, and further expanded to model other simultaneous heat and mass transfer processes.
Modelling Empty Container Repositioning Logistics
by Dong-Ping Song Jingxin DongThe book takes the inventory control perspective to tackle empty container repositioning logistics problems in regional transportation systems by explicitly considering the features such as demand imbalance over space, dynamic operations over time, uncertainty in demand and transport, and container leasing phenomenon. The book has the following unique features. First, it provides a discussion of broad empty equipment logistics including empty freight vehicle redistribution, empty passenger vehicle redistribution, empty bike repositioning, empty container chassis repositioning, and empty container repositioning (ECR) problems. The similarity and unique characteristics of ECR compared to other empty equipment repositioning problems are explained. Second, we adopt the stochastic dynamic programming approach to tackle the ECR problems, which offers an algorithmic strategy to characterize the optimal policy and captures the sequential decision-making phenomenon in anticipation of uncertainties over time and space. Third, we are able to establish closed-form solutions and structural properties of the optimal ECR policies in relatively simple transportation systems. Such properties can then be utilized to construct threshold-type ECR policies for more complicated transportation systems. In fact, the threshold-type ECR policies resemble the well-known (s, S) and (s, Q) policies in inventory control theory. These policies have the advantages of being decentralized, easy to understand, easy to operate, quick response to random events, and minimal on-line computation and communication. Fourth, several sophisticated optimization techniques such as approximate dynamic programming, simulation-based meta-heuristics, stochastic approximation, perturbation analysis, and ordinal optimization methods are introduced to solve the complex stochastic optimization problems. The book will be of interest to researchers and professionals in logistics, transport, supply chain, and operations research.
Modelling Human Motion: From Human Perception to Robot Design
by Nicoletta Noceti Alessandra Sciutti Francesco ReaThe new frontiers of robotics research foresee future scenarios where artificial agents will leave the laboratory to progressively take part in the activities of our daily life. This will require robots to have very sophisticated perceptual and action skills in many intelligence-demanding applications, with particular reference to the ability to seamlessly interact with humans. It will be crucial for the next generation of robots to understand their human partners and at the same time to be intuitively understood by them. In this context, a deep understanding of human motion is essential for robotics applications, where the ability to detect, represent and recognize human dynamics and the capability for generating appropriate movements in response sets the scene for higher-level tasks. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this challenging research field, closing the loop between perception and action, and between human-studies and robotics. The book is organized in three main parts. The first part focuses on human motion perception, with contributions analyzing the neural substrates of human action understanding, how perception is influenced by motor control, and how it develops over time and is exploited in social contexts. The second part considers motion perception from the computational perspective, providing perspectives on cutting-edge solutions available from the Computer Vision and Machine Learning research fields, addressing higher-level perceptual tasks. Finally, the third part takes into account the implications for robotics, with chapters on how motor control is achieved in the latest generation of artificial agents and how such technologies have been exploited to favor human-robot interaction. This book considers the complete human-robot cycle, from an examination of how humans perceive motion and act in the world, to models for motion perception and control in artificial agents. In this respect, the book will provide insights into the perception and action loop in humans and machines, joining together aspects that are often addressed in independent investigations. As a consequence, this book positions itself in a field at the intersection of such different disciplines as Robotics, Neuroscience, Cognitive Science, Psychology, Computer Vision, and Machine Learning. By bridging these different research domains, the book offers a common reference point for researchers interested in human motion for different applications and from different standpoints, spanning Neuroscience, Human Motor Control, Robotics, Human-Robot Interaction, Computer Vision and Machine Learning.Chapter 'The Importance of the Affective Component of Movement in Action Understanding' of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.
Modelling Human-Flood Interactions: A Coupled Flood-Agent-Institution Modelling Framework for Long-Term Flood Risk Management (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Yared Abayneh AbebeThe negative impacts of floods are attributed to the extent and magnitude of a flood hazard, and the vulnerability and exposure of natural and human elements. In flood risk management (FRM) studies, it is crucial to model the interaction between human and flood subsystems across multiple spatial, temporal and organizational scales. Models should address the heterogeneity that exists within the human subsystem, and incorporate institutions that shape the behaviour of individuals. Hence, the main objectives of the dissertation are to develop a modelling framework and a methodology to build holistic models for FRM, and to assess how coupled human-flood interaction models support FRM policy analysis and decision-making. To achieve the objectives, the study introduces the Coupled fLood-Agent-Institution Modelling framework (CLAIM). CLAIM integrates actors, institutions, the urban environment, hydrologic and hydrodynamic processes and external factors, which affect FRM activities. The framework draws on the complex system perspective and conceptualizes the interaction of floods, humans and their environment as drivers of flood hazard, vulnerability and exposure. The human and flood subsystems are modelled using agent-based models and hydrodynamic models, respectively. The two models are dynamically coupled to understand human-flood interactions and to investigate the effect of institutions on FRM policy analysis.
Modelling Hydrology, Hydraulics and Contaminant Transport Systems in Python
by Soumendra Nath Kuiry Dhrubajyoti SenThis book covers theoretical aspects of the physical processes, derivation of the governing equations and their solutions. It focusses on hydraulics, hydrology, and contaminant transport, including implementation of computer codes with practical examples. Python-based computer codes for all the solution approaches are provided for better understanding and easy implementation. The mathematical models are demonstrated through applications and the results are analyzed through data tables, plots, and comparison with analytical and experimental data. The concepts are used to solve practical applications like surface and ground water flow, flood routing, crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling. Combines the area of computational hydraulics, hydrology, and water resources engineering with Python Gives deep description of the basic equations and the numerical solutions of both 1D and 2D problems including the numerical codes Includes step-by-step translation of numerical algorithms in computer codes with focus on learners and practitioners Demonstration of theory, mathematical models through practical applications Analysis of each example through data tables, plots, and correlation with reality This book is aimed at senior undergraduates and graduate students in Civil Engineering, Coastal Engineering, Hydrology, and Water Resources Engineering.
Modelling Insect Populations in Agricultural Landscapes (Entomology in Focus #8)
by Rafael A. Moral Wesley A. C. GodoyThis book combines chapters emphasising mathematical, statistical, and computational modelling applied to insect populations, particularly pests or natural enemies in agricultural landscapes. There is a gap between agricultural pest experimentation and ecological theory, which requires a connection to supply models with laboratory, and field estimates and projects receiving inputs and insights from models. In addition, decision-making in entomology with respect to pest management and biological conservation of natural enemies has been supported by results obtained from different computational and mathematical approaches. This book brings contemporary issues related to optimization in spatially structured landscapes, insect movement, stability analysis, game theory, machine learning, computer vision, Bayesian modelling, as well as other frameworks.
Modelling Intelligent Multi-Modal Transit Systems
by Agostino Nuzzolo William H. LamThe growing mobility needs of travellers have led to the development of increasingly complex and integrated multi-modal transit networks. Hence, transport agencies and transit operators are now more urgently required to assist in the challenging task of effectively and efficiently planning, managing, and governing transit networks. A pre-condition for the development of an effective intelligent multi-modal transit system is the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) tools that will support the needs of transit operators and travellers. To achieve this, reliable real-time simulation and short-term forecasting of passenger demand and service network conditions are required to provide both real-time traveller information and successfully synchronise transit service planning and operations control. Modelling Intelligent Multi-Modal Transit Systems introduces the current trends in this newly emerging area. Recent developments in information technology and telematics have enabled a large amount of data to become available, thus further attracting transport researchers to set up new models outside the context of the traditional data-driven approach. The alternative demand-supply interaction or network assignment modelling approach has improved greatly in recent years and has a crucial role to play in this new context.
Modelling Interactions Between Vector-Borne Diseases and Environment Using GIS
by Hassan M. KhormiMaster GIS Applications on Modelling and Mapping the Risks of DiseasesInfections transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, triatomine bugs, sandflies, and black flies cause significant rates of death and disease, especially in developing countries. Why are certain places more susceptible to vector-borne diseases? Modelling Interactions Between Vector-Borne