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Mitigating Shipping Emissions in European Ports: Social and Environmental Benefits (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Alexandra Maragkogianni Spiros Papaefthimiou Constantin ZopounidisThe book quantifies the impact of in-port ships’ greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution in adjacent cities, and evaluates the feasibility of implementing shore-side electricity facilities in Europe to reduce the unwanted social and environmental effects of ships at berth. The book also discusses the potential of future “green” ports and the use of shore side electricity as a means of achieving them. Individual chapters focus on the economic and social costs of in-port ships’ emissions by illustrating current environmental policies to mitigate air emissions and the available abatement measures for in-port emissions. It also discusses the external cost of vessel emissions in ports as well as the impacts on air quality and human health. Examining the expected barriers to the implementation of shore- side electricity facilities, it proposes policies to accelerate the implementation of relevant mitigation measures.
Mitigating Tin Whisker Risks: Theory and Practice
by Takahiko Kato Carol A. Handwerker Jasbir BathDiscusses the growth mechanisms of tin whiskers and the effective mitigation strategies necessary to reduce whisker growth risks This book covers key tin whisker topics, ranging from fundamental science to practical mitigation strategies. The text begins with a review of the characteristic properties of local microstructures around whisker and hillock grains to identify why these particular grains and locations become predisposed to forming whiskers and hillocks. The book discusses the basic properties of tin-based alloy finishes and the effects of various alloying elements on whisker formation, with a focus on potential mechanisms for whisker suppression or enhancement for each element. Tin whisker risk mitigation strategies for each tier of the supply chain for high reliability electronic systems are also described. Discusses whisker formation factors including surface grain geometry, crystallographic orientation-dependent surface grain boundary structure, and the localization of elastic strain/strain energy density distribution Examines how whiskers and hillocks evolve in time through real-time studies of whisker growth with the scanning electron microscope/focused ion beaming milling (SEM/FIB) Covers characterization methods of tin and tin-based alloy finishes such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) Reviews theories of mechanically-induced tin whiskers with case studies using pure tin and other lead-free finishes shown to evaluate the pressure-induced tin whiskers Mitigating Tin Whisker Risks: Theory and Practice is intended for the broader electronic packaging and manufacturing community including: manufacturing engineers, packaging development engineers, as well as engineers and researchers in high reliability industries.
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies Against Climate Change in Natural Systems (Environmental Earth Sciences)
by Rajiv Kumar Srivastava Arun ChakrabortyThis book addresses strategies for mitigating and adapting to climate change in natural systems. According to the IPCC (2021) report, human-induced climate change has widespread global effects, significantly impacting natural ecosystems. Extreme weather events linked to climate change harm terrestrial, freshwater, ocean, and coastal ecosystems, reduce food security, displace populations, damage livelihoods, health, and security, and exacerbate inequality. While the impacts of climate change are vast and varied, making it impossible to cover every sector, the authors have aimed to address key areas and offer strategies for combating climate change through mitigation and adaptation. The book is structured into five sections: • Land (agriculture, horticulture, soil, forest) • Water (rivers, lakes) • Atmosphere (hydrology, climate) • Technologies/Approaches (remote sensing, GIS, AI tools, ChatGPT) • Case Studies (crops, forests, soil glomalin application, eco-friendly fertilizers), with a focus on modelling approaches to assess these strategies. Additionally, the authors reviewed related works on climate change mitigation and adaptation, identifying a gap in using newer technologies and approaches. The book also covers topics such as water quality and the analysis of several greenhouse gases such ad NO2, O3, CO2 and CH4 in the environment. This book will be beneficial for students, educators, professionals, researchers, policymakers, and farmers. It provides content ranging from introductory to advanced levels, making it accessible to those working in environmental science.
Mitigation of Dangers from Natural and Anthropogenic Hazards
by Frederic R. R. SiegelThis book advances a three-step program for mitigation of natural and anthropogenic hazards, addressing mitigation economics and funding possibilities to meet the needs of at risk countries that lack the financial resources to invest in disaster reduction programs. Within the context of mitigation, this book covers prediction-prevention-preparedness for global warming/climate change as existing and progressive processes that create or abet slow developing or rapidly occurring hazards that endanger society such as sea level rise, extreme weather events, threats to food/water security, and the spread of infectious diseases.
Mitigation of Gas Pipeline Integrity Problems
by Mavis Sika OkyereMitigation of Gas Pipeline Integrity Problems presents the methodology to enable engineers, experienced or not, to alleviate pipeline integrity problems during operation. It explains the principal considerations and establishes a common approach in tackling technical challenges that may arise during gas production. Covers third-party damage, corrosion, geotechnical hazards, stress corrosion cracking, off-spec sales gas, improper design or material selection, as-built flaws, improper operations, and leak and break detection Details various hazard mitigation options Offers tested concepts of pipeline integrity blended with recent research results, documented in a scholarly fashion to make it simple to the average reader This practical work serves the needs of advanced students, researchers, and professionals working in pipeline engineering and petrochemical industries.
Mitigation of Landfill Gas Emissions
by Malgorzata PawlowskaLandfilling has been and still remains an important means of municipal solid waste management but it poses a threat to the purity of the environment, especially air. In the coming years, a radical decline in the share of landfilling in waste disposal practices should not be expected. However, this is not to say that people are powerless in the face
Mitigation of Negative Impedance Instabilities in DC Distribution Systems
by Deepak Kumar Fulwani Suresh SinghThis book focuses on the mitigation of the destabilizing effects introduced by constant power loads (CPLs) in various non-isolated DC/DC converters and island DC microgrids using a robust non-linear sliding mode control (SMC) approach. This book validates theoretical concepts using real-time simulation studies and hardware implementations. Novel sliding mode controllers are proposed to mitigate negative impedance instabilities in DC/DC boost, buck, buck-boost, bidirectional buck-boost converters, and islanded DC microgrids. In each case, the condition for the large-signal stability of the converter feeding a CPL is established. An SMC-based nonlinear control scheme for an islanded DC microgrid feeding CPL dominated load is proposed so as to mitigate the destabilizing effect of CPL and to ensure system stability under various operating conditions. A limit on CPL power is also established to ensure system stability. For all proposed solutions, simulation studies and hardware implementations are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed sliding mode controllers.
Mitzi and the Big Bad Nosy Wolf: A Digital Citizenship Story
by Teresa BatemanA clever lamb outsmarts a nosy wolf in this humorous fable about online safety for young children.When a furry stranger named Rolf starts asking Mitzi questions about her name, where she lives, where her mom and dad work, and more, Mitzi quickly devises a strategy to dispatch the nosy wolf using her dance skills!A refrain of &“That&’s Private!&” teaches kids the importance of privacy when it comes to sharing personal information while hilarious visual gags keep the reading experience light. Author Teresa Bateman created Mitzi when she was a school librarian as a way to talk with her students about the dos and don'ts of online safety. Perfect for teaching children how to use the internet in a safe, respectful manner, Mitzi and the Big Bad Nosy Wolf is just the book for today's young digital citizens.Back matter includes Mitzi&’s Rules for Digital Citizenship, which outlines best practices when using the internet, from safety to cyberbullying; a glossary that include such terms as public, private, and digital footprint; and a memory game activity for at home or classroom use.
Mix-Design and Application of Hydraulic Grouts for Masonry Strengthening (Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering)
by Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans Theodosios P. TassiosThis book provides guidance for the rational design and application of hydraulic grouts, based on a series of specific data (type of masonry, voids' width, targeted strength and durability level, available materials, etc.). To this end, the basic characteristics of a grout, i.e. its injectability (penetrability, fluidity and stability), its strength and durability, are taken into account by means of rational models and quantified expressions of all grout-design parameters. Thus, a holistic, rational mix design methodology for optimization of grout composition is given, permitting the preliminary design of grouts, without having to resort to multiple tests in advance. Moreover, detailed practical guidelines for grouting application and quality control, based on real case studies, are also included. The book attempts to rationalize the entire procedure of this poly-parametric decision-making, keeping however in mind the need for practical engineering solutions.
Mix Smart: professional techniques for the home studio
by Alex CaseAfter you've recorded the perfect song, you're only halfway there! Mixing is where the magic really happens and getting the perfect mix is a challenge. One of the most elusive arts of the recording practice, mixing can take a lifetime to master - this handbook jump-starts your skills and fast-forwards your progress! Breaking the mix down by different effects - EQ, distortion, compression, expansion, pitch shift, delay, reverb, and more - and applying them to some of the most important instruments in pop music, Mix Smart will arm you with the skills and techniques you need to tap into your musicality and express it through multitrack mixing, putting true professional quality mixing within your reach. *Future proof, ear-opening strategies will empower your inner-musician, giving you the knowledge you need to develop your mixing skills - from basic to advanced*Breaking the mix down by different effects, with detailed strategies for the most important pop instruments showing you how to create the perfect combination*Bonus Website, www.recordingology.com, packed with samples and example tracks, so you can practice as you learn*Mix Smart Quick Start summaries at the end of each chapter get you to work faster*Demystifies the technical, making the tools of the mix rig accessible - analog and digital, outboard and in the box, stereo and surround*For everyone who mixes - studio, live, music, film, games, and broadcast The recording studio is your musical instrument, and it's time you really learned how to play. Alex Case shows you not just how to mix well, but how to Mix Smart!
Mixed Conducting Ceramic Membranes
by Xuefeng Zhu Weishen YangThis book is intended to bring together into a single book all aspects of mixed conducting ceramic membranes. It provides a comprehensive description of the fundamentals of mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) membranes from the basic theories and materials to fabrication and characterization technologies. It also covers the potential applications of MIEC membrane technology in industry. This book offers a valuable resource for all scientists and engineers involved in R&D on mixed conducting ceramic membrane technology, as well as other readers who are interested in catalysis in membrane reactor, solid state electrochemistry, solid oxide fuel cells, and related topics. Xuefeng Zhu, PhD, is a Professor at State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Weishen Yang, PhD, is the team leader for Membrane Catalysis and New Catalytic Materials and a DICP Chair Professor at State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
Mixed-Criticality Industrial Wireless Networks (Wireless Networks)
by Xi Jin Changqing Xia Chi Xu Dong LiThis open access book introduces how to manage important tasks in industrial wireless networks. Important tasks must be completed on time and with guaranteed quality; that is the consensus reached by system designers and users. However, for too long, important tasks have often been given unnecessary urgency, and people intuitively believe that important tasks should be executed first so that their performance can be guaranteed. Actually, in most cases, their performance can be guaranteed even if they are executed later, and the “early” resources can be utilized for other, more urgent tasks. Therefore, confusing importance with urgency hinders the proper use of system resources. In 2007, mixed criticality was proposed to indicate that a system may contain tasks of various importance levels. Since then, system designers and users have distinguished between importance and urgency. In the industrial field, due to the harsh environment they operate in, industrial wireless networks’ quality of service (QoS) has always been a bottleneck restricting their applications. Therefore, this book introduces criticality to label important data, which is then allocated more transmission resources, ensuring that important data’s QoS requirements can be met to the extent possible. To help readers understand how to apply mixed-criticality data to industrial wireless networks, the content is divided into three parts. First, we introduce how to integrate the model of mixed-criticality data into industrial wireless networks. Second, we explain how to analyze the schedulability of mixed-criticality data under existing scheduling algorithms. Third, we present a range of novel scheduling algorithms for mixed-criticality data. If you want to improve the QoS of industrial wireless networks, this book is for you.
Mixed Finite Element Methods and Applications
by Daniele Boffi Franco Brezzi Michel FortinNon-standard finite element methods, in particular mixed methods, are central to many applications. In this text the authors, Boffi, Brezzi and Fortin present a general framework, starting with a finite dimensional presentation, then moving on to formulation in Hilbert spaces and finally considering approximations, including stabilized methods and eigenvalue problems. This book also provides an introduction to standard finite element approximations, followed by the construction of elements for the approximation of mixed formulations in H(div) and H(curl). The general theory is applied to some classical examples: Dirichlet's problem, Stokes' problem, plate problems, elasticity and electromagnetism.
Mixed-flow Pumps: Modeling, Simulation, and Measurements (Wiley-ASME Press Series)
by Wei Li Ramesh Agarwal Ling Zhou Leilei Ji Weidong ShiMixed-flow Pumps Modeling, Simulation, and Measurements Learn to improve and optimize the design and operation of mixed-flow pumps Mixed-flow pumps have a huge range of applications in agriculture, hydroelectric power, and other industries that incorporate fluid transport. They are centrifugal pumps incorporating the characteristics of both axial and radial pumps to increase the flow rate and discharge pressure. Though essential in a variety of industries, they pose serious challenges to numerical simulation methods, challenges which are starting to be met by the application of computational fluid dynamics using high-performance computing. Mixed-flow Pumps introduces engineers and researchers to this subject and its important applications. Incorporating all major varieties of mixed-flow pumps used in industrial applications, it employs methods from advanced computational fluid dynamics and high-precision flow field experimentation to characterize and analyze these crucial technologies. Moving from the fundamentals of the technology to its most advanced applications, it’s an essential resource for engineers and industry practitioners looking to develop their understanding of fluid transport. Mixed-flow Pumps readers will also find: Detailed information on how to design and optimize mixed-flow pumps to meet the increasingly stringent industry demands Detailed information on energy performance tests and experiments, methods for data analysis, entropy production theory, CFD solutions using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, and more An authoritative team with immense global experience in flow pumps and broader industrial experience Mixed-flow Pumps is a useful reference for mixed-flow pump design by academic researchers, including graduate students, industry practitioners, and test engineers.
Mixed-Integer Representations in Control Design
by Silviu-Iulian Niculescu Sorin Olaru Florin Stoican Ionela ProdanIn this book, the authors propose efficient characterizations of the non-convex regions that appear in many control problems, such as those involving collision/obstacle avoidance and, in a broader sense, in the description of feasible sets for optimization-based control design involving contradictory objectives. The text deals with a large class of systems that require the solution of appropriate optimization problems over a feasible region, which is neither convex nor compact. The proposed approach uses the combinatorial notion of hyperplane arrangement, partitioning the space by a finite collection of hyperplanes, to describe non-convex regions efficiently. Mixed-integer programming techniques are then applied to propose acceptable formulations of the overall problem. Multiple constructions may arise from the same initial problem, and their complexity under various parameters - space dimension, number of binary variables, etc. - is also discussed. This book is a useful tool for academic researchers and graduate students interested in non-convex systems working in control engineering area, mobile robotics and/or optimal planning and decision-making.
Mixed Methods Research Design for the Built Environment
by Julius Akotia Bankole Osita Awuzie Charles EgbuThe application of mixed methods research design in the built environment discipline by students and academics has continued to grow exponentially. However, with no dedicated mixed methods research design textbook in this domain, students have struggled to conduct research projects involving a mixed methods research design. Mixed Methods Research Design for the Built Environment provides a useful research methodololgy resource for students, academics, and researchers across various disciplines in the built environment such as construction management and project management, property and real estate management, quantity surveying and commercial management, building surveying, building services engineering, civil and geodetic engineering, and other built environment disciplines. The book can also be useful for students and academics outside the built environment knowledge domain. This textbook offers practical and step-by-step guidance on how to apply mixed methods research design, including an elucidation of the various philosophical and methodological underpinnings upon which the choice of a particular variant of the mixed methods research design is predicated. It provides practical case examples and guidance on the processes involved to design and undertake mixed methods research, the advantages and disadvantages of using mixed methods research, and how multiple sources of qualitative and quantitative data can be combined and applied to carry out research projects.
Mixed Mode Oscillations: Fundamentals and Applications (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #374)
by Zdzislaw TrzaskaThis book aims to present a survey of a large class of nonlinear dynamical systems exhibiting mixed-mode oscillations (MMOs). It is a sort of a guide to systems related to MMOs that features material from original research papers, including the author’s own studies. The material is presented in seven chapters divided into sections. Usually, the first sections are of an introductory nature, explain phenomena, and exhibit numerical results. More advanced investigations are presented in the subsequent sections. Coverage includes* Dynamic behavior of nonlinear systems, * Fundamentals of processes exhibiting MMOs,* Mechanism and function of an structure of MMOs patterns, * Analysis of MMOs in electric circuits and systems, * MMOs in chemistry, biology, and medicine, * MMOs in mechanics and transport vehicles, * MMOs in fractional order systems.This is the first extensive description of these topics and the interpretation of analytical results and those obtained from computer simulations with the MATLAB environment. The book provides the readers with better understanding of the nature of MMOs, richness of their behaviors, and interesting applications.
Mixed Plantations of Eucalyptus and Leguminous Trees: Soil, Microbiology and Ecosystem Services
by Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso José Leonardo de Moraes Gonçalves Fabiano de Carvalho Balieiro Avílio Antônio FrancoThe aim of this book is to present, in depth, updated information on soil and microbial processes involved in mixed plantations of Eucalyptus and N2-fixing species, especially Acacia mangium, focusing on Forestry, Soils, Biology, Ecosystem Services and Sustainability. The potential of substituting chemical N fertilizer by a consortium of leguminous species that fix atmospheric nitrogen is an interesting solution for a more sustainable, economically and environmentally sound forest system. Among the main topics, we present reference topics on soil microbiology, as biological nitrogen fixation, the role of mycorrhiza in mixed plantations, bio-indicators of soil quality, and plantgrowth promoting bacteria with biotechnological potential. Here we discuss Ecosystem services and ecological benefits of these systems, the invasive potential of A.mangium, as well as the regulations and perspectives of land use policies for mixed forests and their role in the sustainability of the system.
Mixed Reality for Education (Gaming Media and Social Effects)
by Yiyu Cai Eleni Mangina Sui Lin GoeiThis book consists of chapters that present the state-of-the-art research on mixed reality, simulation and serious games with applications in four main educational topics: (1) K-12 STEAM Education; (2) Tertiary/Professional Education; (3) Special Needs Education; and (4) Cultural, Social & Museum Education. The chapters of the book present a multi-facet view on different approaches to deal with challenges that surround the uptake of educational applications of mixed reality, simulations and serious games in various practices. The different approaches highlight challenges and potential solutions and provide future directions for mixed reality, simulation and serious games research, for the design of learning material and for implementation. By doing so, the book is a useful resource for both students and scholars interested in research in this field, for designers of learning material and for practitioners that want to embrace mixed reality, simulation and/or serious games in their education.Chapter "Development of AR Interactive Components for Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Mixed-Signal Circuits (Devices, Circuits, and Systems)
by Thomas NoulisMixed-Signal Circuits offers a thoroughly modern treatment of integrated circuit design in the context of mixed-signal applications. Featuring chapters authored by leading experts from industry and academia, this book: Discusses signal integrity and large-scale simulation, verification, and testing Demonstrates advanced design techniques that enable digital circuits and sensitive analog circuits to coexist without any compromise Describes the process technology needed to address the performance challenges associated with developing complex mixed-signal circuits Deals with modeling topics, such as reliability, variability, and crosstalk, that define pre-silicon design methodology and trends, and are the focus of companies involved in wireless applications Develops methods to move analog into the digital domain quickly, minimizing and eliminating common trade-offs between performance, power consumption, simulation time, verification, size, and cost Details approaches for very low-power performances, high-speed interfaces, phase-locked loops (PLLs), voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and biomedical filters Delineates the respective parts of a full system-on-chip (SoC), from the digital parts to the baseband blocks, radio frequency (RF) circuitries, electrostatic-discharge (ESD) structures, and built-in self-test (BIST) architectures Mixed-Signal Circuits explores exciting opportunities in wireless communications and beyond. The book is a must for anyone involved in mixed-signal circuit design for future technologies.
Mixed-Signal Embedded Systems Design: A Hands-on Guide to the Cypress PSoC
by Edward H. CurrieThis textbook introduces readers to mixed-signal, embedded design and provides, in one place, much of the basic information to engage in serious mixed-signal design using Cypress' PSoC. Designing with PSoC technology can be a challenging undertaking, especially for the novice. This book brings together a wealth of information gathered from a large number of sources and combines it with the fundamentals of mixed-signal, embedded design, making the PSoC learning curve ascent much less difficult. The book covers, sensors, digital logic, analog components, PSoC peripherals and building blocks in considerable detail, and each chapter includes illustrative examples, exercises, and an extensive bibliography.
Mixed-Signal Generic Testing in Photonic Integration (Synthesis Lectures on Digital Circuits & Systems)
by Matteo PetriniThis book describes testing methods for Novel Photonic Integrated Circuits, which have become one of the hottest topics in the context of information technology. Readers will learn that these objects are used not only to enhance the throughput of optical communications (backbone of the internet network), but also to for smart-sensing, metrology, quantum application and artificial intelligence. The increasing demand for this kind of device drives the need for fast and effective testing methods, as described in this book.
Mixed Use and Residential Tenants' Rights: The Landlord and Tenant Act 1987 and Leasehold Enfranchisement
by Peta Dollar Sarah Thompson-CopseyThis book provides everyone associated with mixed use buildings with clarity of information in understanding the key laws. It includes a detailed overview of tenants' rights of first refusal under the 1987 act and tenants' rights of collective enfranchisement under the Leasehold Reform.
Mixing a Musical: Broadway Theatrical Sound Techniques
by Shannon SlatonMixing a Musical: Broadway Theatrical Sound Techniques, Second Edition pulls the curtain back on one of the least understood careers in live theatre: the role and responsibilities of the sound technician. This comprehensive book encompasses every position from shop crew labor to assistant designer to sound board operator and everything in between. Written in a clear and easy to read style, and illustrated with real-world examples of personal experience and professional interviews, Slaton shows you how to mix live theatre shows from the basics of equipment and set ups, using sound levels to creating atmosphere, emotion and tension to ensure a first rate performance every time. This new edition gives special attention to mixing techniques and practices. And, special features of the book include interviews with some of today’s most successful mixers and designers.
Mixing and Dispersion in Flows Dominated by Rotation and Buoyancy (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #580)
by GertJan F. Van Heijst Herman J. H. ClercxThe book presents a state-of-the-art overview of current developments in the field in a way accessible to attendees coming from a variety of fields. Relevant examples are turbulence research, (environmental) fluid mechanics, lake hydrodynamics and atmospheric physics. Topics discussed range from the fundamentals of rotating and stratified flows, mixing and transport in stratified or rotating turbulence, transport in the atmospheric boundary layer, the dynamics of gravity and turbidity currents eventually with effects of background rotation or stratification, mixing in (stratified) lakes, and the Lagrangian approach in the analysis of transport processes in geophysical and environmental flows. The topics are discussed from fundamental, experimental and numerical points of view. Some contributions cover fundamental aspects including a number of the basic dynamical properties of rotating and or stratified (turbulent) flows, the mathematical description of these flows, some applications in the natural environment, and the Lagrangian statistical analysis of turbulent transport processes and turbulent transport of material particles (including, for example, inertial and finite-size effects). Four papers are dedicated to specific topics such as transport in (stratified) lakes, transport and mixing in the atmospheric boundary layer, mixing in stratified fluids and dynamics of turbidity currents. The book is addressed to doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers, but also to academic and industrial researchers and practicing engineers, with a background in mechanical engineering, applied physics, civil engineering, applied mathematics, meteorology, physical oceanography or physical limnology.