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Modeling and Simulation of Turbulent Mixing and Reaction: For Power, Energy and Flight (Heat and Mass Transfer)
by Francine Battaglia Daniel Livescu Arash G. Nouri Peyman GiviThis book highlights recent research advances in the area of turbulent flows from both industry and academia for applications in the area of Aerospace and Mechanical engineering. Contributions include modeling, simulations and experiments meant for researchers, professionals and students in the area.
Modeling and Stability Analysis of Inverter-Based Resources
by Lingling Fan Zhixin MiaoRenewable energy sources interface with the ac grids via inverters and are termed inverter-based resources (IBRs). They are replacing traditional fossil fuel-based synchronous generators at a dazzling speed. In turn, unprecedented dynamic events have occurred, threatening power grid reliability. Modeling and Stability Analysis of Inverter-Based Resources provides a fundamental understanding of IBR dynamics. Developing reliability solutions requires a thorough understanding of challenges, and in this case, IBR-associated dynamics. Modeling and stability analysis play an indispensable role in revealing a mechanism of dynamics. This book covers the essential techniques of dynamic model building for IBRs, including type-3 wind farms, type-4 wind farms, and solar photovoltaics. Besides modeling, this book offers readers the techniques of stability analysis. The text includes three parts. Part 1 concentrates on tools, including electromagnetic transient simulation, analysis, and measurement-based modeling. Part 2 focuses on IBR modeling and analysis details. Part 3 highlights generalized dynamic circuit representation—a unified modeling framework for dynamic and harmonic analysis. This topic of IBR dynamic modeling and stability analysis is interesting, challenging, and intriguing. The authors have led the effort of publishing the 2020 IEEE Power and Energy Society’s TR-80 taskforce report “Wind Energy Systems Subsynchronous Oscillations: Modeling and Events,” and the two taskforce papers on investigation of real-world IBR dynamic events. In this book, the authors share with readers many insights into modeling and analysis for real-world IBR dynamic events investigation.
Modeling and State Estimation of Automotive Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Fan Wu Shunli Wang Carlos Fernandez Josep M Guerrero Jialu QiaoThis book aims to evaluate and improve the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of automotive lithium-ion batteries.The authors first introduce the basic working principle and dynamic test characteristics of lithium-ion batteries. They present the dynamic transfer model, compare it with the traditional second-order reserve capacity (RC) model, and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed new model. In addition, they propose the chaotic firefly optimization algorithm and demonstrate its effectiveness in improving the accuracy of SOC and SOH estimation through theoretical and experimental analysis.The book will benefit researchers and engineers in the new energy industry and provide students of science and engineering with some innovative aspects of battery modeling.
Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises
by William B. RouseExplains multi-level models of enterprise systems and covers modeling methodology This book addresses the essential phenomena underlying the overall behaviors of complex systems and enterprises. Understanding these phenomena can enable improving these systems. These phenomena range from physical, behavioral, and organizational, to economic and social, all of which involve significant human components. Specific phenomena of interest and how they are represented depend on the questions of interest and the relevant domains or contexts. Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises examines visualization of phenomena and how understanding the relationships among phenomena can provide the basis for understanding where deeper exploration is warranted. The author also reviews mathematical and computational models, defined very broadly across disciplines, which can enable deeper understanding. Presents a 10 step methodology for addressing questions associated with the design or operation of complex systems and enterprises Examines six archetypal enterprise problems including two from healthcare, two from urban systems, and one each from financial systems and defense systems Provides an introduction to the nature of complex systems, historical perspectives on complexity and complex adaptive systems, and the evolution of systems practice Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises is written for graduate students studying systems science and engineering and professionals involved in systems science and engineering, those involved in complex systems such as healthcare delivery, urban systems, sustainable energy, financial systems, and national security.
Modeling Approaches to Natural Convection in Porous Media
by Yan Su Jane H. DavidsonThis book provides an overview of the field of flow and heat transfer in porous medium and focuses on presentation of a generalized approach to predict drag and convective heat transfer within porous medium of arbitrary microscopic geometry, including reticulated foams and packed beds. Practical numerical methods to solve natural convection problems in porous media will be presented with illustrative applications for filtrations, thermal storage and solar receivers.
Modeling Attack Security of Physical Unclonable Functions based on Arbiter PUFs (T-Labs Series in Telecommunication Services)
by Nils WisiolThis book studies the security of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) based on the Arbiter PUF design, with a focus on so-called modeling attacks. The author shows the insecurity of several designs and proposes a novel construction that is proven to be immune against attacks known in scientific literature. The book explores designs of variants and compositions of the Arbiter PUF, which was introduced as a CMOS-compatible, electrical PUF design, and has received a lot of research attention, albeit being insecure with respect to modeling attacks. After revisiting modeling attacks on the Arbiter PUF and XOR Arbiter PUF, the author demonstrates attacks against the Lightweight Secure XOR Arbiter PUF, Feed-Forward Arbiter PUF, and the Interpose PUF. He then introduces two novel PUF designs, the Beli PUF and the LP-PUF, and analyzes their security against modeling attacks. The book concludes by showing how the LP-PUF is resilient against currently known modeling attacks.
Modeling Biological Phosphorus Removal in Activated Sludge Systems
by Damir BrdanovicThis text looks at different effects on the process of biological phosphorus removal. Topics include: biological phosphorus removal processes; process and molecular ecological studies; and the effect of potassium limitation on biological phosphorus removal.
Modeling Biomaterials (Nečas Center Series)
by Josef Málek Endre SüliThe investigation of the role of mechanical and mechano-chemical interactions in cellular processes and tissue development is a rapidly growing research field in the life sciences and in biomedical engineering. Quantitative understanding of this important area in the study of biological systems requires the development of adequate mathematical models for the simulation of the evolution of these systems in space and time. Since expertise in various fields is necessary, this calls for a multidisciplinary approach.This edited volume connects basic physical, biological, and physiological concepts to methods for the mathematical modeling of various materials by pursuing a multiscale approach, from subcellular to organ and system level. Written by active researchers, each chapter provides a detailed introduction to a given field, illustrates various approaches to creating models, and explores recent advances and future research perspectives. Topics covered include molecular dynamics simulations of lipid membranes, phenomenological continuum mechanics of tissue growth, and translational cardiovascular modeling. Modeling Biomaterials will be a valuable resource for both non-specialists and experienced researchers from various domains of science, such as applied mathematics, biophysics, computational physiology, and medicine.
Modeling Communication Networks and Protocols: Implementation via the SMURPH System (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #61)
by Paweł GburzyńskiThis book provides an introduction to the software system SMURPH, comprising a programming language, its compiler, and an execution environment, for specifying communication networks and protocols and executing those specifications in virtual worlds mimicking the behavior of real-life implementations. It particularly focuses on SMURPH’s wireless modeling capabilities. Written in a manual-like fashion, it includes a comprehensive description of SMURPH functionality, as well as illustrations and case studies to aid understanding.
Modeling Complex Processes Through Nature-Analogous Methods: Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Life
by Christina Klüver Jürgen Klüver Jörn SchmidtThis book is an introduction to nature-analogous techniques and related formal methods. For each technique, application examples are provided. It covers cellular automata and Boolean networks, evolutionary algorithms, as well as simulated annealing, fuzzy methods, neural networks, and finally hybrid systems, i.e., combinations of various techniques. Based on the theory of complex dynamic systems, theoretical foundations are also presented, and the similarities of these seemingly very heterogeneous techniques are pointed out. The edition has been revised and expanded with current trends such as ChatGPT.
Modeling, Control and Drug Development for COVID-19 Outbreak Prevention (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #366)
by Ahmad Taher Azar Aboul Ella HassanienThis book is well-structured book which consists of 31 full chapters. The book chapters' deal with the recent research problems in the areas of modeling, control and drug development, and it presents various techniques of COVID-19 outbreak prevention modeling. The book also concentrates on computational simulations that may help speed up the development of drugs to counter the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19.
Modeling, Control and Optimization of Water Systems
by Thomas RauschenbachThis book provides essential background knowledge on the development of model-based real-world solutions in the field of control and decision making for water systems. It presents system engineering methods for modelling surface water and groundwater resources as well as water transportation systems (rivers, channels and pipelines). The models in turn provide information on both the water quantity (flow rates, water levels) of surface water and groundwater and on water quality. In addition, methods for modelling and predicting water demand are described. Sample applications of the models are presented, such as a water allocation decision support system for semi-arid regions, a multiple-criteria control model for run-of-river hydropower plants, and a supply network simulation for public services.
Modeling, Control, Estimation, and Optimization for Microgrids: A Fuzzy-Model-Based Method
by Zhixiong ZhongDue to increasing economic and environmental pressures, small-scale grids have received increasing attention in the last fifteen years. These renewable sources, such as solar PVs, wind turbines, and fuel cells, integrated with grid, have changed the way we live our lives. This book describes microgrid dynamics modeling and nonlinear control issues from introductory to the advanced steps. The book addresses the most relevant challenges in microgrid protection and control including modeling, uncertainty, stability issues, local control, coordination control, power quality, and economic dispatch.
Modeling, Design, and Optimization of Net-Zero Energy Buildings (Solar Heating and Cooling)
by Andreas Athienitis William O'BrienBuilding energy design is currently going through a period of major changes. One key factor of this is the adoption of net-zero energy as a long term goal for new buildings in most developed countries. To achieve this goal a lot of research is needed to accumulate knowledge and to utilize it in practical applications. In this book, accomplished international experts present advanced modeling techniques as well as in-depth case studies in order to aid designers in optimally using simulation tools for net-zero energy building design. The strategies and technologies discussed in this book are, however, also applicable for the design of energy-plus buildings. This book was facilitated by International Energy Agency's Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) Programs and the Energy in Buildings and Communities (EBC) Programs through the joint SHC Task 40/EBC Annex 52: Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings R&D collaboration. After presenting the fundamental concepts, design strategies, and technologies required to achieve net-zero energy in buildings, the book discusses different design processes and tools to support the design of net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs). A substantial chapter reports on four diverse NZEBs that have been operating for at least two years. These case studies are extremely high quality because they all have high resolution measured data and the authors were intimately involved in all of them from conception to operating. By comparing the projections made using the respective design tools with the actual performance data, successful (and unsuccessful) design techniques and processes, design and simulation tools, and technologies are identified. Written by both academics and practitioners (building designers) and by North Americans as well as Europeans, this book provides a very broad perspective. It includes a detailed description of design processes and a list of appropriate tools for each design phase, plus methods for parametric analysis and mathematical optimization. It is a guideline for building designers that draws from both the profound theoretical background and the vast practical experience of the authors.
Modeling, Design, Construction, and Operation of Power Generators with Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Single Cell To Complete Power System (Green Energy And Technology)
by Jakub KupeckiThe book summarizes the current state of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology in power generation applications. It describes the single cells, SOFC stacks, micro-combined heat and power systems, large-scale stationary power generators and polygeneration units. The principles of modeling, simulation and controls of power systems with solid oxide fuel cells are presented and discussed. Authors provide theoretical background of the technology followed by the essential insights into the integrated power systems. Selected aspects of the design, construction and operation of power units in range from single kilowatts to hundreds of kilowatts are presented. Finally, the book reports the selected studies on prototype systems which have been constructed in Europe.The book discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of operation of power generators with solid oxide fuel cells including fabrication of cells, design of stacks, system modeling, simulation of stationary and non-stationary operation of systems, fuel preparation and controls.
Modeling Discrete-Event Systems with GPenSIM: An Introduction (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Reggie DavidrajuhModeling Discrete-Event Systems with GPenSIM describes the design and applications of General Purpose Petri Net Simulator (GPenSIM), which is a software tool for modeling, simulation, and performance analysis of discrete-event systems. The brief explains the principles of modelling discrete-event systems, as well as the design and applications of GPenSIM. It is based on the author’s lectures that were given on “modeling, simulation, and performance analysis of discrete event systems”. The brief uses GPenSIM to enable the efficient modeling of complex and large-scale discrete-event systems. GPenSIM, which is based on MATLAB®, is designed to allow easy integration of Petri net models with a vast number of toolboxes that are available on the MATLAB®. The book offers an approach for developing models that can interact with the external environment; this will help readers to solve problems in industrial diverse fields. These problems include:airport capacity evaluation for aviation authorities;finding bottlenecks in supply chains;scheduling drilling operations in the oil and gas industry; andoptimal scheduling of jobs in grid computing. This brief is of interest to researchers working on the modeling, simulation and performance evaluation of discrete-event systems, as it shows them the design and applications of an efficient modeling package. Since the book also explains the basic principles of modeling discrete-event systems in a step-by-step manner, it is also of interest to final-year undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Modeling Discrete Time-to-Event Data
by Gerhard Tutz Matthias SchmidThis book focuses on statistical methods for the analysis of discrete failure times. Failure time analysis is one of the most important fields in statistical research, with applications affecting a wide range of disciplines, in particular, demography, econometrics, epidemiology and clinical research. Although there are a large variety of statistical methods for failure time analysis, many techniques are designed for failure times that are measured on a continuous scale. In empirical studies, however, failure times are often discrete, either because they have been measured in intervals (e. g. , quarterly or yearly) or because they have been rounded or grouped. The book covers well-established methods like life-table analysis and discrete hazard regression models, but also introduces state-of-the art techniques for model evaluation, nonparametric estimation and variable selection. Throughout, the methods are illustrated by real life applications, and relationships to survival analysis in continuous time are explained. Each section includes a set of exercises on the respective topics. Various functions and tools for the analysis of discrete survival data are collected in the R package discSurv that accompanies the book.
Modeling Dynamic Economic Systems
by Bruce Hannon Matthias RuthThis book explores the dynamic processes in economic systems, concentrating on the extraction and use of the natural resources required to meet economic needs. Sections cover methods for dynamic modeling in economics, microeconomic models of firms, modeling optimal use of both nonrenewable and renewable resources, and chaos in economic models. This book does not require a substantial background in mathematics or computer science.
Modeling The Environment
by Andrew FordModeling the Environment was the first textbook in an emerging field—the modeling techniques that allow managers and researchers to see in advance the consequences of actions and policies in environmental management. This new edition brings the book thoroughly up to date and reaffirms its status as the leading introductory text on the subject. System dynamics is one of the most widely known and widely used methods of modeling. The fundamental principles of this approach are demonstrated here with a wide range of examples, including geo-hydrology, population biology, epidemiology and economics. The applications demonstrate the transferability of the systems approach across disciplines, across spatial scales, and across time scales. All of the models are implemented with stock and flow software programs such as Stella and Vensim. These programs are easy and fun to learn, and they allow students to develop realistic models within the first few weeks of a college course. System dynamics has emerged as the most common approach in collaborative projects to address environmental problems. The stock and flow structures and the emphasis on feedback control provide a common language that is understood by scientists from many disciplines. Although the interdisciplinary approach described here is widely used in practice, there are few books to aid instruction. Modeling the Environment meets the urgent need for instructional materials in interdisciplinary modeling of environmental systems.
Modeling Explosions and Blast Waves
by K. RamamurthiThe book provides a concise description of the physical processes and mathematical models for explosions and formation of blast waves from explosions. The contents focus on quantitatively determining the energy released in the different types of explosions and the destructive blast waves that are generated. The contribution of flames, detonations and other physical processes to the explosion phenomenon is dealt with in detail. Gaseous and condensed phase explosions are discussed and the yield of explosions with their TNT equivalence is determined. Time scales involved in the explosion process and the scaling procedure are ascertained. Explosions over the ground, in water, and the interaction of explosions with objects are examined. In order to keep the text easily readable, the detailed derivation of the mathematical equations is given in the seven appendices at the end of the book. Case studies of various explosions are investigated and simple problems and their solutions are provided for the different topics to assist the reader in internalizing the explosion process. The book is a useful reference for professionals and academics in aeronautics, mechanical, civil and chemical engineering and for personnel working in explosive manufacture and high-energy materials, armaments, space, defense, and industrial and fire safety.
Modeling Failure and Fracture of Soft Solids and Fluids
by Konstantin VolokhThis book applies approaches of nonlinear continuum mechanics used to model fracture and failures in soft materials. Two physical observations underlie mathematical theories described in this book. First, the energy of molecular bonds is bounded and, consequently, the macroscopic strain energy must be bounded. Second, the broken bonds are diffused and, consequently, highly localized material sink takes place. The first observation allows describing material failure as the damage initiation. The second observation allows modeling cracks as damage localization and propagation. This book builds on the experiences of “Soft Matter Mechanics” by Konstantin Volokh.
Modeling Fluctuations in Scattered Waves
by E. Jakeman K. D. RidleyFluctuations in scattered waves limit the performance of imaging and remote sensing systems that operate on all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. To better understand these fluctuations, Modeling Fluctuations in Scattered Waves provides a practical guide to the phenomenology, mathematics, and simulation of non-Gaussian noise models and d
Modeling Forest Trees and Stands
by Harold E. Burkhart Margarida ToméDrawing upon a wealth of past research and results, this book provides a comprehensive summary of state-of-the-art methods for empirical modeling of forest trees and stands. It opens by describing methods for quantifying individual trees, progresses to a thorough coverage of whole-stand, size-class and individual-tree approaches for modeling forest stand dynamics, growth and yield, moves on to methods for incorporating response to silvicultural treatments and wood quality characteristics in forest growth and yield models, and concludes with a discussion on evaluating and implementing growth and yield models. Ideal for use in graduate-level forestry courses, this book also provides ready access to a plethora of reference material for researchers working in growth and yield modeling.
Modeling Fuzzy Spatiotemporal Data with XML (Studies in Computational Intelligence #894)
by Li Yan Zongmin Ma Luyi BaiThis book offers in-depth insights into the rapidly growing topic of technologies and approaches to modeling fuzzy spatiotemporal data with XML. The topics covered include representation of fuzzy spatiotemporal XML data, topological relationship determination for fuzzy spatiotemporal XML data, mapping between the fuzzy spatiotemporal relational database model and fuzzy spatiotemporal XML data model, and consistencies in fuzzy spatiotemporal XML data updating. Offering a comprehensive guide to the latest research on fuzzy spatiotemporal XML data management, the book is intended to provide state-of-the-art information for researchers, practitioners, and graduate students of Web intelligence, as well as data and knowledge engineering professionals confronted with non-traditional applications that make the use of conventional approaches difficult or impossible.
Modeling Groundwater Flow and Contaminant Transport
by Jacob Bear Alexander H.-D. ChengIn many parts of the world, groundwater resources are under increasing threat from growing demands, wasteful use, and contamination. To face the challenge, good planning and management practices are needed. A key to the management of groundwater is the ability to model the movement of fluids and contaminants in the subsurface. The purpose of this book is to construct conceptual and mathematical models that can provide the information required for making decisions associated with the management of groundwater resources, and the remediation of contaminated aquifers. The basic approach of this book is to accurately describe the underlying physics of groundwater flow and solute transport in heterogeneous porous media, starting at the microscopic level, and to rigorously derive their mathematical representation at the macroscopic levels. The well-posed, macroscopic mathematical models are formulated for saturated, single phase flow, as well as for unsaturated and multiphase flow, and for the transport of single and multiple chemical species. Numerical models are presented and computer codes are reviewed, as tools for solving the models. The problem of seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers is examined and modeled. The issues of uncertainty in model input data and output are addressed. The book concludes with a chapter on the management of groundwater resources. Although one of the main objectives of this book is to construct mathematical models, the amount of mathematics required is kept minimal.