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Models and Methods for Systems Engineering (Studies in Big Data #165)
by Grzegorz Borowik Grzegorz Chmaj Robert WaszkowskiThis book compiles high-quality research contributions from leading experts, providing both theoretical foundations and practical methodologies that are shaping the future of engineering systems. In an era where technological innovation drives every industry, this book offers a comprehensive exploration of cutting-edge approaches in systems optimization, artificial intelligence, and digital transformation. Divided into three distinct sections—Advanced Technologies in Control, Optimization, and Communication Systems; Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Cybersecurity; and Human-Computer Interaction, Digital Transformation, and Future Internet Technologies—this book covers a wide range of topics essential for today’s engineers and researchers. From the latest advancements in spacecraft orbit control and energy-efficient IoT data management to groundbreaking work in medical diagnostics using AI, the book delivers a diverse array of applications across industries. This book is an invaluable resource for scientists, engineers, IT specialists, and students seeking to understand the complexities and opportunities in modern systems engineering. Whether you are a researcher looking for state-of-the-art techniques or a professional seeking practical solutions for engineering challenges, this book is designed to equip you with the tools and knowledge to succeed in a rapidly evolving field. Discover how the latest models and methods in systems engineering are reshaping technology and driving innovation across industries. This essential guide is perfect for professionals in fields such as computational intelligence, control engineering, artificial intelligence, signal processing, and digital transformation. It also serves as a robust reference for academic researchers, and students involved in engineering and applied science disciplines.
Models and Modeling: An Introduction for Earth and Environmental Scientists
by Jerry P. FairleyAn Introduction to Models and Modeling in the Earth and Environmental Sciences offers students and professionals the opportunity to learn about groundwater modeling, starting from the basics. Using clear, physically-intuitive examples, the author systematically takes us on a tour that begins with the simplest representations of fluid flow and builds through the most important equations of groundwater hydrology. Along the way, we learn how to develop a conceptual understanding of a system, how to choose boundary and initial conditions, and how to exploit model symmetry. Other important topics covered include non-dimensionalization, sensitivity, and finite differences. Written in an eclectic and readable style that will win over even math-phobic students, this text lays the foundation for a successful career in modeling and is accessible to anyone that has completed two semesters of Calculus. Although the popular image of a geologist or environmental scientist may be the rugged adventurer, heading off into the wilderness with a compass and a hand level, the disciplines of geology, hydrogeology, and environmental sciences have become increasingly quantitative. Today’s earth science professionals routinely work with mathematical and computer models, and career success often demands a broad range of analytical and computational skills. An Introduction to Models and Modeling in the Earth and Environmental Sciencesis written for students and professionals who want to learn the craft of modeling, and do more than just run “black box” computer simulations.
Models for Design: Electrical Calculations for Industrial Plants
by Robert E. Henry PEThis book instructs the reader on how to size a network’s equipment and address requirements for fast-transient loads (kiloampere loads that last for several minutes). It explores specific calculations used to design equipment for plants. The chapters discuss economic design methods and dynamic-load requirements for electrical equipment. New motor thermal models are developed and power-cable thermal models are also covered. Furthermore, it presents universal plant-load breakdown.
Models for Financing, Cost and Risk Assessment: Major Railway Tunnel Projects in Europe
by Konrad BergmeisterProject managers of large railroad tunnels in Europe summarize their experiences. In addition to explaining the general conditions, they give an overview of financing, cost and risk management, scheduling, quality control and auditing. The book address project manager of mayor infrastructure projects as well as decision makers, financers, engineers. Additionally, it provides valuable information for organizations that are responsible for future projects in politics and management.
Models for Optimum Decision Making: Crude Oil Production and Refining (International Series in Operations Research & Management Science #286)
by Katta G. MurtyThis book considers the problem of determining how many barrels of crude oil an oil-producing and exporting country should produce annually for export―along with several other important problems that decision-makers in the crude oil industry face―and discusses procedures for finding optimum solutions for them. It considers the important Objective Functions they need in making these critical decisions, and discusses procedures to find the best solutions. Outputs from the treatment units, in an oil refinery are only semi-finished products; these are blended into finished products like gasoline, diesel oil, etc., meeting various specifications that the marketplace demands. The book discusses models for solving these problems optimally with examples.
Models for Research and Understanding: Exploring Dynamic Systems, Unconventional Approaches, and Applications (Simulation Foundations, Methods and Applications)
by Stanislaw RaczynskiThis introductory textbook/reference addresses the fundamental and mostly applied kinds of models. The focus is on models of dynamic systems that move and change over time. However, the work also proposes new methods of uncertainty treatment, offering supporting examples.Topics and features: Chapters suitable for textbook use in teaching modeling and simulationIncludes sections of questions and answers, helpful in didactic workProposes new methodology in addition to examining conventional approachesOffers some cognitive, more abstract models to give a wider insight on model building The book’s readership may consist of researchers working on multidisciplinary problems, as well educators and students. It may be used while teaching computer simulation, applied mathematics, system analysis and system dynamics.
Models for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems
by Dario Marra Cesare Pianese Pierpaolo Polverino Marco SorrentinoThis book presents methodologies suitable for the optimal design of control and diagnosis strategies for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) systems. One key feature of the methodologies presented is the use of modeling tools with an ideal balance between accuracy and computational burden. Particular emphasis is given to the useful combination of models within a hierarchical framework to reduce the experimental efforts required for characterization and testing. Such tools are proven to be highly effective for SOFC systems destined for both residential and transportation applications. Throughout the book, optimization is always conceived in such a way so as to allow the SOFC systems to work efficiently while guaranteeing safe thermal operation, as well as an extended lifetime. This book is aimed at scientists and engineers involved in the design of marketable SOFC systems. It gathers the knowledge and experience derived from other research and industry practice for which control and diagnosis have proven to be the main keys to success and market penetration.
Models for Wind Tunnel Tests Based on Additive Manufacturing Technology (Additive Manufacturing Technology)
by Weijun Zhu Dichen LiThis book systematically introduces design and fabrication of physical models for wind tunnel tests based on additive manufacturing technology, including model design technology, model fabrication process, strengthening technology, etc. On this basis, it introduces in detail the specific implementation process of commonly used models, e.g., force measurement models, pressure measurement models, elastic models, and flutter models. This book mainly provides references for researchers and engineers who are engaged in aircraft design, experimental fluid mechanics, and additive manufacturing technology research.
Models in Hardware Testing
by Hans-Joachim WunderlichModel based testing is the most powerful technique for testing hardware and software systems. Models in Hardware Testing describes the use of models at all the levels of hardware testing. The relevant fault models for nanoscaled CMOS technology are introduced, and their implications on fault simulation, automatic test pattern generation, fault diagnosis, memory testing and power aware testing are discussed. Models and the corresponding algorithms are considered with respect to the most recent state of the art, and they are put into a historical context by a concluding chapter on the use of physical fault models in fault tolerance.
Models, Methods, and Tools for Complex Chip Design
by Jan HaaseThis book brings together a selection of the best papers from the fifteenth edition of the Forum on specification and Design Languages Conference (FDL), which was held in September 2012 at Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria. FDL is a well-established international forum devoted to dissemination of research results, practical experiences and new ideas in the application of specification, design and verification languages to the design, modeling and verification of integrated circuits, complex hardware/software embedded systems, and mixed-technology systems.
Models, Methods and Tools for Product Service Design: The Manutelligence Project (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Sergio Terzi Laura CattaneoThis open access book summarizes research being pursued within the Manutelligence project, the goal of which is to help enterprises develop smart, social and flexible products with high value added services. Manutelligence has improved Product and Service Design by developing suitable models and methods, and connecting them through a modular, collaborative and secure ICT Platform. The use of real data collected in real time by Internet of Things (IoT) technologies underpins the design of product-service systems and makes it possible to monitor them throughout their life cycle. Available data allows costs and sustainability issues to be more accurately measured and simulated in the form of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Analysing data from IoT systems and sharing LCC and LCA information via the ICT Platform can help to accelerate the design of product-service systems, reduce costs and better understand customer needs. Industrial partners involved in Manutelligence provide a clear overview of the project’s outcomes, and demonstrate how its technological solutions can be used to improve the design of product-service systems and the management of product-service life cycles.
Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology: Physiological Abnormalities, Diseases and Interventions
by Pramod C. RathThis book examines the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with aging. It comprehensively describes the genetic, epigenetic, biochemical and metabolic regulation of aging, as well as some important age-related diseases. Divided into two major sections, it takes readers through the various aspects of aging in a story-like manner and suggests various interventions for healthy aging, such as dietary restriction, regular exercise, nutrition and maintaining a balanced and a non-stressful lifestyle. It describes the implications of aging on the nervous system, metabolism, immunity and stem cells as well as care for the elderly. The book is an ideal companion for both new and established researchers in the field and is also useful for educators, clinicians and policy makers.
Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology: Cellular Processes, Metabolism and Diseases
by Pramod C. RathThe book deals with basic cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with aging. It comprehensively describes the important genetic, epigenetic, biochemical and metabolic regulations during aging, as well as some important age-related diseases.The book is divided into four major sections for easy understanding. It takes the readers through the various aspects of aging in a story-like manner. Certain interventions for healthy aging such as dietary restriction, regular exercise and maintaining a balanced and peaceful life-style are also suggested by the experts. The book would be a companion for both beginners, as well as established researchers in the field. It would be useful for science education, research, clinical approach and policy making.
Models of Biopolymers By Ring-Opening Polymerization
by Stanislaw PenczekThere are a number of methods used to synthetically prepare biopolymers, their models, and bioanalogous polymers. This work approaches the syntheses of the three major groups of biopolymers existing in nature - polypeptides, polysaccharides, and nucleic and teichoic acids - by ring-opening polymerization. Until now, this method has never been reviewed uniformly for these three groups. The majority of models prepared by ring-opening polymerization can not reach the complexity of the actual biological molecules. However, a better understanding of these biopolymers will aid in the use of such molecules in several fields of application in research and other high technologies, where they mimic functions of related biopolymers in living organisms.
Models of Innovation: The History of an Idea
by Benoît GodinModels abound in science, technology, and society (STS) studies and in science, technology, and innovation (STI) studies. They are continually being invented, with one author developing many versions of the same model over time. At the same time, models are regularly criticized. Such is the case with the most influential model in STS-STI: the linear model of innovation.In this book, Benoît Godin examines the emergence and diffusion of the three most important conceptual models of innovation from the early twentieth century to the late 1980s: stage models, linear models, and holistic models. Godin first traces the history of the models of innovation constructed during this period, considering why these particular models came into being and what use was made of them. He then rethinks and debunks the historical narratives of models developed by theorists of innovation. Godin documents a greater diversity of thinkers and schools than in the conventional account, tracing a genealogy of models beginning with anthropologists, industrialists, and practitioners in the first half of the twentieth century to their later formalization in STS-STI. Godin suggests that a model is a conceptualization, which could be narrative, or a set of conceptualizations, or a paradigmatic perspective, often in pictorial form and reduced discursively to a simplified representation of reality. Why are so many things called models? Godin claims that model has a rhetorical function. First, a model is a symbol of "scientificity." Second, a model travels easily among scholars and policy makers. Calling a conceptualization or narrative or perspective a model facilitates its propagation.
Models of Innovation: The History of an Idea (Inside Technology)
by Benoit GodinBenoît Godin is a Professor at the Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Montreal.Models abound in science, technology, and society (STS) studies and in science, technology, and innovation (STI) studies. They are continually being invented, with one author developing many versions of the same model over time. At the same time, models are regularly criticized. Such is the case with the most influential model in STS-STI: the linear model of innovation.In this book, Benoît Godin examines the emergence and diffusion of the three most important conceptual models of innovation from the early twentieth century to the late 1980s: stage models, linear models, and holistic models. Godin first traces the history of the models of innovation constructed during this period, considering why these particular models came into being and what use was made of them. He then rethinks and debunks the historical narratives of models developed by theorists of innovation. Godin documents a greater diversity of thinkers and schools than in the conventional account, tracing a genealogy of models beginning with anthropologists, industrialists, and practitioners in the first half of the twentieth century to their later formalization in STS-STI. Godin suggests that a model is a conceptualization, which could be narrative, or a set of conceptualizations, or a paradigmatic perspective, often in pictorial form and reduced discursively to a simplified representation of reality. Why are so many things called models? Godin claims that model has a rhetorical function. First, a model is a symbol of “scientificity.” Second, a model travels easily among scholars and policy makers. Calling a conceptualization or narrative or perspective a model facilitates its propagation.
Models of My Life (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Herbert A. SimonIn this candid and witty autobiography, Nobel laureate Herbert A. Simon looks at his distinguished and varied career, continually asking himself whether (and how) what he learned as a scientist helps to explain other aspects of his life.A brilliant polymath in an age of increasing specialization, Simon is one of those rare scholars whose work defines fields of inquiry. Crossing disciplinary lines in half a dozen fields, Simon's story encompasses an explosion in the information sciences, the transformation of psychology by the information-processing paradigm, and the use of computer simulation for modeling the behavior of highly complex systems.Simon's theory of bounded rationality led to a Nobel Prize in economics, and his work on building machines that think—based on the notion that human intelligence is the rule-governed manipulation of symbols—laid conceptual foundations for the new cognitive science. Subsequently, contrasting metaphors of the maze (Simon's view) and of the mind (neural nets) have dominated the artificial intelligence debate.There is also a warm account of his successful marriage and of an unconsummated love affair, letters to his children, columns, a short story, and political and personal intrigue in academe.
Models of My Life
by Herbert A. SimonIn this candid and witty autobiography, Nobel laureate Herbert A. Simon looks at his distinguished and varied career, continually asking himself whether (and how) what he learned as a scientist helps to explain other aspects of his life.A brilliant polymath in an age of increasing specialization, Simon is one of those rare scholars whose work defines fields of inquiry. Crossing disciplinary lines in half a dozen fields, Simon's story encompasses an explosion in the information sciences, the transformation of psychology by the information-processing paradigm, and the use of computer simulation for modeling the behavior of highly complex systems.Simon's theory of bounded rationality led to a Nobel Prize in economics, and his work on building machines that think -- based on the notion that human intelligence is the rule-governed manipulation of symbols -- laid conceptual foundations for the new cognitive science. Subsequently, contrasting metaphors of the maze (Simon's view) and of the mind (neural nets) have dominated the artificial intelligence debate.There is also a warm account of his successful marriage and of an unconsummated love affair, letters to his children, columns, a short story, and political and personal intrigue in academe.
Models of Network Reliability: Analysis, Combinatorics, and Monte Carlo
by Ilya B. Gertsbakh Yoseph ShpunginUnique in its approach, Models of Network Reliability: Analysis, Combinatorics, and Monte Carlo provides a brief introduction to Monte Carlo methods along with a concise exposition of reliability theory ideas. From there, the text investigates a collection of principal network reliability models, such as terminal connectivity for networks with unre
Models of Neurons and Perceptrons: Selected Problems and Challenges (Studies In Computational Intelligence #770)
by Andrzej BieleckiThis book describes models of the neuron and multilayer neural structures, with a particular focus on mathematical models. It also discusses electronic circuits used as models of the neuron and the synapse, and analyses the relations between the circuits and mathematical models in detail. The first part describes the biological foundations and provides a comprehensive overview of the artificial neural networks. The second part then presents mathematical foundations, reviewing elementary topics, as well as lesser-known problems such as topological conjugacy of dynamical systems and the shadowing property. The final two parts describe the models of the neuron, and the mathematical analysis of the properties of artificial multilayer neural networks. Combining biological, mathematical and electronic approaches, this multidisciplinary book it useful for the mathematicians interested in artificial neural networks and models of the neuron, for computer scientists interested in formal foundations of artificial neural networks, and for the biologists interested in mathematical and electronic models of neural structures and processes.
Models of Science Dynamics
by Peter Van Besselaar Andrea Scharnhorst Katy BörnerModels of Science Dynamics aims to capture the structure and evolution of science, the emerging arena in which scholars, science and the communication of science become themselves the basic objects of research. In order to capture the essence of phenomena as diverse as the structure of co-authorship networks or the evolution of citation diffusion patterns, such models can be represented by conceptual models based on historical and ethnographic observations, mathematical descriptions of measurable phenomena, or computational algorithms. Despite its evident importance, the mathematical modeling of science still lacks a unifying framework and a comprehensive study of the topic. This volume fills this gap, reviewing and describing major threads in the mathematical modeling of science dynamics for a wider academic and professional audience. The model classes presented cover stochastic and statistical models, system-dynamics approaches, agent-based simulations, population-dynamics models, and complex-network models. The book comprises an introduction and a foundational chapter that defines and operationalizes terminology used in the study of science, as well as a review chapter that discusses the history of mathematical approaches to modeling science from an algorithmic-historiography perspective. It concludes with a survey of remaining challenges for future science models and their relevance for science and science policy.
Models of Technologies (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #86)
by Mikhail V. Belov Dmitry A. NovikovThis book presents the methodology of complex activity with a set of interconnected mathematical models that describe the processes of technology design, adoption and use.It first discusses the technology of complex activity and its general models. The second chapter then introduces models of the processes of technology design and adoption, while Chapter 3 focuses on technology management models are presented in. Lastly, Chapter 4 examines analytical complexity and errors in solving technology design/optimization problems. This book is intended for experts and researchers interested in the general principles of activity organization and control of complex organizational and technical systems.
Models of Tree and Stand Dynamics: Theory, Formulation and Application
by Harry T. Valentine Annikki MäkeläThe book is designed to be a textbook for university students (MSc-PhD level) and a reference for researchers and practitioners. It is an introduction to dynamic modelling of forest growth based on ecological theory but aiming for practical applications for forest management under environmental change. It is largely based on the work and research findings of the authors, but it also covers a wide range of literature relevant to process-based forest modelling in general. The models presented in the book also serve as tools for research and can be elaborated further as new research findings emerge. The material in the book is arranged such that the student starts from basic concepts and formulations, then moves towards more advanced theories and methods, finally learning about parameter estimation, model testing, and practical application. Exercises with solutions and hands-on R-code are provided to help the student digest the concepts and become proficient with the methods. The book should be useful for both forest ecologists who want to become modellers, and for applied mathematicians who want to learn about forest ecology. The basic concepts and theory are formulated in the first four chapters, including a review of traditional descriptive forest models, basic concepts of carbon balance modelling applied to trees, and theories and models of tree and forest structure. Chapter 5 provides a synthesis in the form of a core model which is further elaborated and applied in the subsequent chapters. The more advanced theories and methods in Chapters 6 and 7 comprise aspects of competition through tree interactions, and eco-evolutionary modelling, including optimisation and game theory, a topical and fast developing area of ecological modelling under climate change. Chapters 8 and 9 are devoted to parameter estimation and model calibration, showing how empirical and process-based methods and related data sources can be bridged to provide reliable predictions. Chapter 10 demonstrates some practical applications and possible future development paths of the approach. The approach in this book is unique in that the models presented are based on ecological theory and research findings, yet sufficiently simple in structure to lend themselves readily to practical application, such as regional estimates of harvest potential, or satellite-based monitoring of growth. The applicability is also related to the objective of bridging empirical and process-based approaches through data assimilation methods that combine research-based ecological measurements with standard forestry data. Importantly, the ecological basis means that it is possible to build on the existing models to advance the approach as new research findings become available.
Models, Simulation, and Experimental Issues in Structural Mechanics
by Michel Frémond Franco Maceri Giuseppe VairoThis book offers valuable insights and provides effective tools useful for imagining, creating, and promoting novel and challenging developments in structural mechanics. It addresses a wide range of topics, such as mechanics and geotechnics, vibration and damping, damage and friction, experimental methods, and advanced structural materials. It also discusses analytical, experimental and numerical findings, focusing on theoretical and practical issues and innovations in the field. Collecting some of the latest results from the Lagrange Laboratory, a European scientific research group, mainly consisting of Italian and French engineers, mechanicians and mathematicians, the book presents the most recent example of the long-term scientific cooperation between well-established French and Italian Mechanics, Mathematics and Engineering Schools. It is a valuable resource for postgraduate students, researchers and practitioners dealing with theoretical and practical issues in structural engineering.
Modern Accelerator Technologies for Geographic Information Science
by Xuan Shi Volodymyr Kindratenko Chaowei YangThis book explores the impact of augmenting novel architectural designs with hardware‐based application accelerators. The text covers comprehensive aspects of the applications in Geographic Information Science, remote sensing and deploying Modern Accelerator Technologies (MAT) for geospatial simulations and spatiotemporal analytics. MAT in GIS applications, MAT in remotely sensed data processing and analysis, heterogeneous processors, many-core and highly multi-threaded processors and general purpose processors are also presented. This book includes case studies and closes with a chapter on future trends. Modern Accelerator Technologies for GIS is a reference book for practitioners and researchers working in geographical information systems and related fields. Advanced-level students in geography, computational science, computer science and engineering will also find this book useful.