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Modular Multilevel Converter Modelling and Simulation for HVDC Systems: State of the Art and a Novel Approach (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Davide del Giudice Federico Bizzarri Daniele Linaro Angelo Maurizio BrambillaThis book provides a comprehensive review of the models and approaches that can be employed to simulate modular multilevel converters (MMCs). Each solution is described in terms of operating principle, fields of applicability, advantages, and limitations. In addition, this work proposes a novel and efficient simulation approach for MMCs based on sub-circuit isomorphism. This technique, which has its roots in the electronics fields, can be profitably exploited to simulate MMCs regardless of the model used to describe its sub-modules, including the most accurate ones. Lastly, this book considers a well-known high voltage direct current (HVDC) benchmark system consisting of two MMCs. After describing the implementation details of each benchmark component, simulation results in several scenarios (ranging from normal operating conditions to faults in the AC and DC grid) are included to validate the proposed approach and showcase its key features. Due to its educational content, this book constitutes a useful guide for PhD students and researchers interested in the topic of MMCs and their simulation. It also serves as a starting platform for junior electrical engineers who work in the field of power electronic converters for HVDC systems.
Modular Multilevel Converters: Control, Fault Detection, and Protection (IEEE Press Series on Power and Energy Systems)
by Fujin Deng Chengkai Liu Zhe ChenModular Multilevel Converters Expert discussions of cutting-edge methods used in MMC control, protection, and fault detection In Modular Multilevel Converters: Control, Fault Detection, and Protection, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive discussion of fault detection, protection, and tolerant control of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) under internal and external faults. Beginning with a description of the configuration of MMCs, their operation principles, modulation schemes, mathematical models, and component design, the authors go on to explore output control, fault detection, capacitor monitoring, and other topics of central importance in the field. The book offers summaries of centralized capacitor voltage-balancing control methods and presents several capacitor monitoring methods, like the direct and sorting-based techniques. It also describes full-bridge and half-bridge submodule-based hybrid MMC protection methods and alternative fault blocking SM-based MMCs. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to modular multilevel converters, including circuits, operation principles, modulation, mathematical models, components, and design constraints In-depth discussions of the control of modular multilevel converters, including output control, centralized capacitor voltage control, and individual capacitor voltage control Comprehensive explorations of fault detection of MMCs under IGBT faults, including short-circuit and open-circuit faults, as well as fault-tolerant control of MMCs Fulsome treatments of the control of MMCs under AC grid faults, including discussions of AC-side current control Perfect for electrical engineering researchers, Modular Multilevel Converters: Control, Fault Detection, and Protection, will also earn a place in the libraries of electrical engineers working in industry, as well as undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in MMCs.
Modular Multilevel Converters with Interleaved Half-Bridge Submodules (Springer Theses)
by Aleksandr ViatkinThis book reports on a comprehensive study on a novel high-power converter, i.e. a Modular Multilevel Converter with Interleaved Half-bridge Submodules (ISM-MMC). It describes in depth its average model, the operating principles, as well as a new control method and a hybrid modulation strategy that help to exploit the benefits of the interleaving scheme. The new power converter is particularly advantageous for high-current applications that require superb quality of input/output waveforms. Moreover, this book reports on a systematic study of the current balancing problem between parallel-connected units that commutate in non-simultaneous fashion. This is a typical issue in interleaved converters, however here it is analyzed for the first time in relation to MMC-based structures. Two control strategies are proposed to cope with this matter. By using a sensorless regulation scheme, the number of required current transducers has been minimized, reducing complexity, cost, and footprint of the hardware, while providing converter with a fast and accurate current balancing. This book also offers a comprehensive comparison between several practical designs of ISM-MMC and classical MMC for an ultra-fast electrical vehicle charger. All in all, it provides graduate students and researchers, as well as field engineers and professionals with extensive information and essential practical details on the state-of-the-art MMC and ISM-MMC design.
Modular Robots: Theory and Practice (Research on Intelligent Manufacturing)
by Guilin Yang I-Ming ChenThis book introduces the latest advances in modular robotics, and presents a unified geometric framework for modeling, analysis, and design of modular robots, including kinematics, dynamics, calibration, and configuration optimization. Supplementing the main content with a wealth of illustrations, the book offers a valuable guide for researchers, engineers and graduate students in the fields of mechatronics, robotics, and automation who wish to learn about the theory and practice of modular robots.
Modular Synthesis: Patching Machines and People
by Ezra J. Teboul Andreas Kitzmann Einar EngströmModular Synthesis: Patching Machines and People brings together scholars, artists, composers, and musical instrument designers in an exploration of modular synthesis, an unusually multifaceted musical instrument that opens up many avenues for exploration and insight, particularly with respect to technological use, practice, and resistance.Through historical, technical, social, aesthetic, and other perspectives, this volume offers a collective reflection on the powerful connections between technology, creativity, culture, and personal agency. Ultimately, this collection is about creativity in a technoscientific world and speaks to issues fundamental to our everyday lives and experiences, by providing insights into the complex relationships between content creators, the technologies they use, and the individuals and communities who design and engage with them.With chapters covering VCV Rack, modular synthesis, instrument design, and the histories of synthesizer technology, as well as interviews with Dave Rossum, Corry Banks, Meng Qi, and Dani Dobkin, among others, Modular Synthesis is recommended reading for advanced undergraduates, researchers, and practitioners of electronic music and music technology. Chapter 3 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Modular System Design and Evaluation
by Mark Sh. LevinThis book examines seven key combinatorial engineering frameworks (composite schemes consisting of algorithms and/or interactive procedures) for hierarchical modular (composite) systems. These frameworks are based on combinatorial optimization problems (e. g. , knapsack problem, multiple choice problem, assignment problem, morphological clique problem), with the author's version of morphological design approach - Hierarchical Morphological Multicritieria Design (HMMD) - providing a conceptual lens with which to elucidate the examples discussed. This approach is based on ordinal estimates of design alternatives for systems parts/components, however, the book also puts forward an original version of HMMD that is based on new interval multiset estimates for the design alternatives with special attention paid to the aggregation of modular solutions (system versions). The second part of 'Modular System Design and Evaluation' provides ten information technology case studies that enriches understanding of the design of system design, detection of system bottlenecks and system improvement, amongst others. The book is intended for researchers and scientists, students, and practitioners in many domains of information technology and engineering. The book is also designed to be used as a text for courses in system design, systems engineering and life cycle engineering at the level of undergraduate level, graduate/PhD levels, and for continuing education. The material and methods contained in this book were used over four years in Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) in the author's faculty course "System Design".
Modular Systems for Energy and Fuel Recovery and Conversion (Sustainable Energy Strategies)
by Yatish T. ShahModular Systems for Energy and Fuel Recovery and Conversion surveys the benefits of the modular approach in the front end of the energy industry. The book also outlines strategies for managing modular approaches for fossil, renewable, and nuclear energy resource recovery and conversion with the help of successful industrial examples. The book points out that while the modular approach is most applicable for distributed and small-scale energy systems, it is also often used for parts of large-scale centralized systems. With the help of successful industrial examples of modular approaches for energy and fuel recovery and conversion, the book points out the need for more balance between large-scale centralized systems and small-scale distributed systems to serve the energy needs of rural and isolated communities. Coal, oil, natural gas, hydrogen, biomass, waste, nuclear, geothermal solar, wind, and hydro energy are examined, showing that modular operations are very successfully used in all these components of the energy industry. Aimed at academic researchers and industry professionals, this book provides successful examples and analysis of the modular operation for energy and fuel recovery and conversion. It is also a reference for those who are engaged in the development of modular systems for energy and fuel recovery and conversion.
Modular Systems for Energy Usage Management (Sustainable Energy Strategies)
by Yatish T. Shah"…[a] very unique book that integrates benefits of modular systems for enhanced sustainability to meet the global challenges of rapid and sometimes uncontrolled industrialization in the 21st century."—Pinakin Patel, T2M Global This book examines the role of the modular approach for the back end of the energy industry—energy usage management. It outlines the use of modular approaches for the processes used to improve energy conservation and efficiency, which are preludes to the prudent use of energy. Since energy consumption is conventionally broken down into four sectors—residential, transportation, industrial, and commercial—the discussions on energy usage management are also broken down into these four sectors in the book. The book examines the use of modular systems for five application areas that cover the sectors described above: buildings, vehicles, computers and electrical/electronic products, district heating, and wastewater treatment and desalination. This book also discusses the use of a modular approach for energy storage and transportation. Finally, it describes how the modular approach facilitates bottom-up, top-down, and hybrid simulation and modeling of the energy systems from various scientific and socioeconomic perspectives. Aimed at industry professionals and researchers involved in the energy industry, this book illustrates in detail, with the help of concrete industrial examples, how a modular approach can facilitate management of energy usage.
Modulare Produktion: Methodik zur Gestaltung eines modularen Montagesystems für die variantenreiche Serienmontage im Automobilbau
by Wolfgang KernDie Fließbandfertigung hat ausgehend von der Automobilbranche die industrielle Massenproduktion von Gütern ermöglicht und erlaubt als Variantenfließfertigung bei einem stabilen Variantenmix auch die effiziente Herstellung ähnlicher Produktvarianten auf einer Linie.Im Umgang mit der steigenden Vielfalt und Dynamik im Automobilbau werden jedoch die Mehraufwände zur Aufrechterhaltung sowie die Grenzen der Variantenfließfertigung deutlich.Das Konzept der Modularen Produktion beschreibt eine alternative Organisationsform ohne Band und Takt für die variantenreiche Serienmontage, um auch in einem dynamischen Umfeld weiterhin eine effektive und effiziente Herstellung zu gewährleisten. Es kombiniert die hohe Arbeitsteilung einer Fließbandfertigung mit der Flexibilität und Wandlungsfähigkeit einer Inselfertigung und integriert zugleich Logistik- und Fertigstellungsprozesse. Dieses Buch umfasst die Organisation, Planung und Steuerung eines modularen Montagesystems sowie deren Anwendung auf eine Vormontage im Automobilbau.
Modularization: The Fine Art of Offsite Preassembly for Capital Projects
by Michael Kluck Jin Ouk ChoiModularization A practical, hands-on guide to offsite preassembly, beginning with the project as just a concept gleam in the CEO’s eye and winding all the way through implementation at the construction site. Modularization is a philosophy change! And along with that change, comes the need to understand the implementation requirements and project mindset adjustments that impact and influence all aspects of the modular project. To accomplish this, the book provides a complete (from beginning to end) identification and evaluation of the differences that make a modular project unique, starting with the very basics in terms of definitions and setting the groundwork of expectations by identifying benefits and challenges. Then, because the journey is as important as the destination, the reader is guided through the various project phases in a manner that reflects how they would be addressed in the workplace. From the very earliest identification of concepts, through early assessment and selection of the optimal choice to be finally carried into detailed design, the reader is acquainted with each phase of the development process, including explanations and relevant suggestions for many of the questions and issues that typically come up. A perfect reference for professional and technical leaders when developing the early, critical planning phases of modular projects, this guide offers useful examples and details on the fundamentals required to get a modular project started correctly and keep it on track. And, for those whom this is not their first foray into modular project management, this guide includes suggestions, examples, and/or lessons learned to make the subsequent module projects easier to implement. Recognized industry experts Michael Kluck and Dr. Jin Ouk Choi have authored this guide to modularization that is ideal for owners, contractors, project management, engineers, project controls, and procurement—in fact, anyone interested in improving current construction project management practices. In addition, its thought-provoking examples and project case studies provide the perfect platform for its instructional use in teaching modular concepts. Written from the perspective of both the Client/Owner and the EPC Contractor, this guide provides useful information needed for initial project management setup and technical details useful to working functional groups within the project. As such, it is truly a universal guide that can provide personnel at all levels within the project with the information needed to make project implementation more seamless. This book is written in terms of the large-scale industrial modularization project, but the steps and process are equally applicable to small-scale projects and projects outside the industrial construction realm. Some of the topics covered in this guide include: The basics (to set a basis for major topic presentations) Module configurations (“good, bad, and ugly”) A deep dive into modularization business case Module team and project interactions Module execution planning and timing Success factors, pitfalls and avoidance A walk through the “module project” A modular project case exercise – tying it all together Standardization – the next stepWhat the future holds
Modulated Apertures and Resolution in Microscopy (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Abdallah Mohamed HamedThis book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students specializing in optical engineering and optical sciences. Comprising three distinct parts, it addresses fundamental aspects and practical applications of modulated apertures in microscopy. The first part delves into the fabrication of modulated apertures and the computation of impulse responses or point spread functions (PSFs). It offers essential insights into the foundational concepts of modulated aperture design. The second part focuses on the utilization of modulated apertures in speckle imaging, elucidating their significance and relevance in this context. This section provides a comprehensive understanding of the practical applications of modulated apertures in image formation. The third and final part explores the application of modulated apertures within the framework of a confocal scanning laser microscope. The objective here is to enhance microscope resolution and image contrast, contributing to the advancement of microscopy techniques. This book offers a concise and objective exploration of modulated apertures' fabrication, applications, and their potential to enhance microscopy. This book is a valuable reference for students and researchers seeking to deepen their knowledge in this specialized field.
Modulated Coding for Intersymbol Interference Channels (Signal Processing and Communications)
by Xiang-Gen XiaA study of modulated coding (MC), a technique for intersymbol interference (ISI) mitigation. It discusses MC when the ISI is known at both transmitter and receiver, and when only the receiver knows the ISI. It showcases polynomial antiquity resistant modulated coding, and provides an examination of transmitter-assisted ISI equalization.
Modulated Measurement and Engineering Systems for Microwave Power Transistors: Characterisation and Linearisation of Nonlinear Microwave Devices for Wireless Communication Systems
by Muhammad Akmal ChaudharyThe complexity requirements of future wireless communication systems now indeed demand a more general theoretically robust design methodology for nonlinear circuits, such as the power amplifiers. The present design methodology for nonlinear Radio Frequenc
Modulation and Coding Techniques in Wireless Communications
by Sergei Semenov Evgenii KroukThe high level of technical detail included in standards specifications can make it difficult to find the correlation between the standard specifications and the theoretical results. This book aims to cover both of these elements to give accessible information and support to readers. It explains the current and future trends on communication theory and shows how these developments are implemented in contemporary wireless communication standards.Examining modulation, coding and multiple access techniques, the book is divided into two major sections to cover these functions. The two-stage approach first treats the basics of modulation and coding theory before highlighting how these concepts are defined and implemented in modern wireless communication systems. Part 1 is devoted to the presentation of main L1 procedures and methods including modulation, coding, channel equalization and multiple access techniques. In Part 2, the uses of these procedures and methods in the wide range of wireless communication standards including WLAN, WiMax, WCDMA, HSPA, LTE and cdma2000 are considered.An essential study of the implementation of modulation and coding techniques in modern standards of wireless communication Bridges the gap between the modulation coding theory and the wireless communications standards material Divided into two parts to systematically tackle the topic - the first part develops techniques which are then applied and tailored to real world systems in the second part Covers special aspects of coding theory and how these can be effectively applied to improve the performance of wireless communications systems
Modulation of Oxidative Stress in Heart Disease
by Naranjan S. Dhalla Nirmal K. Ganguly Sajal Chakraborti Madhu DikshitThis book highlights the multifaceted roles of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in modulating normal cellular and molecular mechanisms during the development of different types of heart disease. Each chapter in the book deals with the role that altered redox homeostasis plays in the pathophysiology of heart disease. In addition, the book explains how reactive oxidant species interact with their targets and provides novel strategies for attenuating oxidative stress-induced types of heart disease.The book not only covers ROS-induced response in heart disease at the cellular level, but also demonstrates that an imbalance of redox states has its roots in our genes, and explains the ways gene expression is regulated. In turn, it reviews potential sources of ROS, their pathological effects on the heart, and potential sites for therapeutic interventions.
Modulation Theory
by Marcelo Sampaio AlencarIn recent years, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted, both in industry and academia, towards the design, performance analysis and evaluation of modulation schemes to be used in wireless and optical networks, towards the development of the next and future generations of mobile cellular communication systems. Modulation Theory is intended to serve as a complementary textbook for courses dealing with Modulation Theory or Communication Systems, but also as a professional book, for engineers who need to update their knowledge in the communications area. The modulation aspects presented in the book use modern concepts of stochastic processes, such as autocorrelation and power spectrum density, which are novel for undergraduate texts or professional books, and provides a general approach for the theory, with real life results, applied to professional design. This text is suitable for the undergraduate as well as the initial graduate levels of Electrical Engineering courses, and is useful for the professional who wants to review or get acquainted with the a modern exposition of the modulation theory. The books covers signal representations for most known waveforms, Fourier analysis, and presents an introduction to Fourier transform and signal spectrum, including the concepts of convolution, autocorrelation and power spectral density, for deterministic signals. It introduces the concepts of probability, random variables and stochastic processes, including autocorrelation, cross-correlation, power spectral and cross-spectral densities, for random signals, and their applications to the analysis of linear systems. This chapter also includes the response of specific non-linear systems, such as power amplifiers. The book presents amplitude modulation with random signals, including analog and digital signals, and discusses performance evaluation methods, presents quadrature amplitude modulation using random signals. Several modulation schemes are discussed, including SSB, QAM, ISB, C-QUAM, QPSK and MSK. Their autocorrelation and power spectrum densities are computed. A thorough discussion on angle modulation with random modulating signals, along with frequency and phase modulation, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is provided. Their power spectrum densities are computed using the Wiener-Khintchin theorem.
Modules, Systems, and Applications in Thermoelectrics
by D. M. RoweComprising two volumes, Thermoelectrics and Its Energy Harvesting reviews the dramatic improvements in technology and application of thermoelectric energy with a specific intention to reduce and reuse waste heat and improve novel techniques for the efficient acquisition and use of energy. This volume, Modules, Systems and Applications in Thermoelec
Mohr Circles, Stress Paths and Geotechnics
by Richard H.G. ParryThe second edition of this well established book has been comprehensively updated in line with recent developments. After presenting the fundamentals of stress and strain, and their graphical representation, the book includes chapters on failure states in soils and rocks, observed and elastic paths, and the use of discontinuities. New sections incl
Moisture Sensitivity of Plastic Packages of IC Devices
by X. J. Fan E. SuhirMoisture Sensitivity of Plastic Packages of IC Devices provides information on the state-of-the-art techniques and methodologies related to moisture issues in plastic packages. The most updated, in-depth and systematic technical and theoretical approaches are addressed in the book. Numerous industrial applications are provided, along with the results of the most recent research and development efforts, including, but not limited to: thorough exploration of moisture's effects based on lectures and tutorials by the authors, consistent focus on solution-based approaches and methodologies for improved reliability in plastic packaging, emerging theories and cutting-edge industiral applications presented by the leading professionals in the field.<P> Moisture plays a key role in the reliability of plastic packages of IC devices, and moisture-induced failures have become an increasing concern with the development of advanced IC devices. This second volume in the Micro- and Opto-Electronic Materials, Structures, and Systems series is a must-read for researchers and engineers alike.<P> Advisory: It has been reported to us that this book contains equations, tables, and graphs that have been rendered by the publisher as images without image descriptions.
Moisture Storage and Transport in Concrete: Experimental Investigations and Computational Modeling
by Lutz H. FrankeMoisture Storage and Transport in Concrete Comprehensive insight on moisture transport in cement-based materials by means of experimental investigations and computer simulations Moisture Storage and Transport in Concrete explores how moisture moves through cementitious materials, focusing on its absorption, storage, and distribution with the help of experimental investigations and computer simulations. The text discusses the different ways moisture moves, such as through vapor or capillary action, as well as how it affects the properties of cement-based materials, offering new insights and models to help understand and predict moisture behavior in these materials, which can be important for construction and maintenance. After a short introduction to the topic, the text is split into five chapters. Chapter 1 covers surface energetic principles for moisture storage in porous materials. Chapter 2 explores real pore structure and calculation methods for composition parameters. Chapter 3 explains basic equations for the description of moisture transport. Chapter 4 discusses experimental investigation results with regard to the modeling of moisture transport in concrete materials. Chapter 5 showcases modeling of moisture transport, taking into account sorption hysteresis and time-dependent material changes. Written by a highly qualified author, Moisture Storage and Transport in Concrete also includes discussion on: Dependence of surface energy of water on temperature, on relative humidity of air, and for aqueous salt solutionsCalculation of the pore size dependent distribution of inner surfaces using the moisture storage functionTemperature influence on the capillary transport coefficients and differences between capillary pressure and hydraulic external pressureAdsorption and desorption isotherms of the CEMI reference material and causes of differences between adsorption and desorption isothermsSorption isotherms and scanning isotherms of hardened cement paste and concreteModeling of vapor transport and drying by evaporation of concrete Moisture Storage and Transport in Concrete is an essential reference to help researchers and professionals to make informed decisions for the construction of concrete-based infrastructure, enabling them to avoid common issues such as corrosion of reinforcement steel, deterioration of concrete strength, and the growth of mold and mildew.
Moisture Transport in Polymer Composite Materials: Computational Modelling and Experiments (Advanced Structured Materials #160)
by J.M.P.Q. Delgado A. G. Barbosa de Lima Laura H. CarvalhoThis book provides valuable information about fiber-reinforced polymer composites, with emphasis in the process of water absorption by experiments and simulation. In this monograph, we present and discuss emerging topics related to fundamentals, engineering applications, advanced mathematical modeling applied to Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion processes, analytical and computational procedures and experiments on water absorption of polymer composites reinforced by vegetable fibers. The book serves as a comprehensive learning tool for engineers, professionals, and researchers involved in this advanced interdisciplinary field, and as a reference work for both undergraduate and graduate courses.
Mold and Core Sands in Metalcasting: Sustainable Development
by Mariusz Holtzer Angelika KmitaThe metal casting, uses large amounts of natural resources, energy and metals as well as generates significant amounts of gases and solid wastes, which have an essential influence on the natural environment and work conditions in casting houses. The condition of the further development is the adjustment to the strategy of the sustainable development.This book examines potential solutions to the economic, ecological, and occupational hazards generated by the foundry industry. It focuses on emissions of chemical compounds during the preparation and formation of molding sands, molds pouring with molten metal, molds cooling and castings knocking out. It also addresses the effects of the spent molding sands reclamation process and the influence of spent sands on the environment during their storage. Establishing the most sustainable techniques for limiting the negative impact of foundry processes on the environment is explored in detail. The book will be valuable to academics and industry professionals alike.Describes the mechanisms of hardening and thermal destruction of individual binders in moulding and core sands;Assesses the influence of moulding and core sands technology on the environment;Discusses state of the art moulding and core sand technology.
Molded Optics: Design and Manufacture (Series in Optics and Optoelectronics)
by Michael Schaub Jim Schwiegerling Eric Fest R. Hamilton Shepard Alan SymmonsWhile several available texts discuss molded plastic optics, none provide information on all classes of molded optics. Filling this gap, Molded Optics: Design and Manufacture presents detailed descriptions of molded plastic, glass, and infrared optics. Since an understanding of the manufacturing process is necessary to develop cost-effective, produ
A Moldy Mystery (Science Solves It!)
by Michelle KnudsenSolve kid-sized dilemmas and mysteries with the Science Solves It! series. These fun books for kids ages 5–8 blend clever stories with real-life science. Why did the dog turn green? Can you control a hiccup? Is that a UFO? Find the answers to these questions and more as kid characters dive into physical, life, and earth sciences. It's gross! It's aliiiive! After a moldy mix-up, Jeff has to do the unthinkable—and fast! Books in this perfect STEM series will help kids think like scientists and get ahead in the classroom. Activities and experiments are included in every book! (Level Two; Science topic: Mold)
Molecular Advances in Insect Resistance of Field Crops: Modern and Applied Approaches
by Amarjit S. TandaBased on the understanding that tolerance to pest pressure increases with less crop stress, this book covers all aspects of the molecular mechanisms underlying insect resistance in field crops. Detailed descriptions, accompanied by numerous photographs and schematic drawings, are available for “hot topics” such as genetically engineered crops, crispr/cas9 system, insect pest resistance technology, host plant resistance, and other major breakthroughs. Specific case studies include, but not limit to, the use of insect resistant cultivars in IPMT programs, utilization of glucosinolate-myrosinase processes in oilseed crops, and role of genetic in rice breeding technology.