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Molecular Identification of Mosquito Vectors and Their Management
by Tapan Kumar BarikThis book summarizes the recent advancements in identifying the mosquito vectors and discusses various strategies for their control. The book describes various molecular taxonomic methods, including DNA barcoding and single nucleotide polymorphism-based machine learning approach, which are used for the identification of mosquito vectors. It also presents the various mosquito control methods, namely, phytochemicals, Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, nanotechnology, biological control agents, and environmental management strategies. It also highlights the importance of various repellents that are used for protection from different kinds of mosquito vectors. Finally, the book offers a comprehensive yet representative description of challenges associated with mosquito vector-borne diseases. The book is a useful resource for medical entomologists, health workers, and researchers working in mosquito-control and vector-borne diseases.
Molecular Imaging for Brain Diseases (Neuromethods #222)
by Daichi SoneThis volume aims provides timely reviews with special focus on the clinical aspects of brain molecular imaging. The chapters reflect the interdisciplinary nature of the field detailing, glutamate receptor imaging, tau and amyloid imaging, glucose metabolism, opioid receptor, dopamine receptor imaging, brain metabolite measurements by 1H-MRS, and analytical methods using artificial intelligence, which have become extremely important in recent years. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory.Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Molecular Imaging for Brain Diseases provides methods to navigate this complex field and inspire a deeper appreciation for the brain&’s molecular underpinnings.
Molecular Imaging in Nano MRI
by Michael TingThe authors describe a technique that can visualize the atomic structure of molecules, it is necessary, in terms of the image processing, to consider the reconstruction of sparse images. Many works have leveraged the assumption of sparsity in order to achieve an improved performance that would not otherwise be possible. For nano MRI, the assumption of sparsity is given by default since, at the atomic scale, molecules aresparse structures. This work reviews the latest results on molecular imaging for nano MRI. Sparse image reconstruction methods can be categorized as either non-Bayesian or Bayesian. A comparison of the performance and complexity of several such algorithms is given.
Molecular Imaging of the Brain
by M. M. Kaila Rakhi KailaThis book examines multi-quantum magnetic resonance imaging methods and the diagnostics of brain disorders. It consists of two Parts. The part I is initially devoted towards the basic concepts of the conventional single quantum MRI techniques. It is supplemented by the basic knowledge required to understand multi-quantum MRI. Practical illustrations are included both on recent developments in conventional MRI and the MQ-MRI. This is to illustrate the connection between theoretical concepts and their scope in the clinical applications. The Part II initially sets out the basic details about quadrupole charge distribution present in certain nuclei and their importance about the functions they perform in our brain. Some simplified final mathematical expressions are included to illustrate facts about the basic concepts of the quantum level interactions between magnetic dipole and the electric quadrupole behavior of useful nuclei present in the brain. Selected practical illustrations, from research and clinical practices are included to illustrate the newly emerging ideas and techniques. The reader should note that the two parts of the book are written with no interdependence. One can read them quite independently.
Molecular Layer Deposition for Tailored Organic Thin-Film Materials (Optics and Photonics)
by Tetsuzo YoshimuraThis book provides concepts and experimental demonstrations for various types of molecular layer deposition (MLD) and organic multiple quantum dots (organic MQDs), which are typical tailored organic thin-film materials. Possible applications of MLD to optical interconnects, energy conversion systems, molecular targeted drug delivery, and cancer therapy are also proposed. First, the author reviews various types of MLD processes including vapor-phase MLD, liquid-phase MLD, and selective MLD. Next, he introduces organic MQDs, which are typical tailored organic thin-film materials produced by MLD. The author then describes the design of light modulators/optical switches, predicts their performance, and discusses impacts of the organic MQDs on them. He then also discusses impacts of the organic MQDs on optical interconnects within computers and on optical switching systems. Finally, the author presents MLD applications to molecular targeted drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and laser surgery for cancer therapy. This book is intended for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in optoelectronics, photonics, and any other field where organic thin-film materials can be applied.
Molecular Magnets
by Juan Bartolomé Fernando Luis Julio F. FernándezThis book provides an overview of the physical phenomena discovered in magnetic molecular materials over the last 20 years. It is written by leading scientists having made the most important contributions to this active area of research. The main topics of this book are the principles of quantum tunneling and quantum coherence of single-molecule magnets (SMMs), phenomena which go beyond the physics of individual molecules, such as the collective behavior of arrays of SMMs, the physics of one-dimensional single-chain magnets and magnetism of SMMs grafted on substrates. The potential applications of these physical phenomena to classical and quantum information, communication technologies, and the emerging fields of molecular spintronics and magnetic refrigeration are stressed. The book is written for graduate students, researchers and non-experts in this field of research.
Molecular Marker Techniques: A Potential Approach of Crop Improvement
by Nitish KumarThis edited book covers the applications of molecular markers in the genetic improvement of crop plants. Recent advances in molecular marker techniques such as the development of high-throughput genotyping platforms, marker-assisted selection, and non-coding RNA-based markers have been discussed. Essential information is provided on functional markers, genotype-by-sequencing, and association mapping methodologies that can facilitate accelerated crop breeding programs for increased yield, high nutritional quality, and tolerance to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses. This volume presents basic information on molecular marker techniques from marker location up to gene cloning. The book includes a description of technical approaches in genome analysis such as comparison of marker systems, positional cloning, and array techniques. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, and plant breeders. The book also serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, horticulture, and forestry.
Molecular Materials: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications
by Sanjay Malhotra B. L. Prasad Jordi FraxedasThe field of molecular materials research looks at the preparation and characterization of potentially useful materials with enhanced physical, chemical, and biomedical properties. Molecular Materials: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications discusses the cutting-edge interdisciplinary research in the area of advanced molecular-based materials. This book explores multiple aspects of molecular materials, including their synthesis and characterization, and gives information on their application in various fields.
Molecular Materials
by Richard I. Walton Duncan W. Bruce Dermot O'Hare"... the book does an excellent job of putting together several different classes of materials. Many common points emerge, and the book may facilitate the development of hybrids in which the qualities of the "parents" are enhanced." -Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011With applications in optoelectronics and photonics, quantum information processing, nanotechnology and data storage, molecular materials enrich our daily lives in countless ways. These materials have properties that depend on their exact structure, the degree of order in the way the molecules are aligned and their crystalline nature. Small, delicate changes in molecular structure can totally alter the properties of the material in bulk.There has been increasing emphasis on functional metal complexes that demonstrate a wide range of physical phenomena. Molecular Materials represents the diversity of the area, encapsulating magnetic, optical and electrical properties, with chapters on:Metal-Based Quadratic Nonlinear Optical MaterialsPhysical Properties of MetallomesogensMolecular Magnetic MaterialsMolecular Inorganic Conductors and SuperconductorsMolecular NanomagnetsStructured to include a clear introduction, a discussion of the basic concepts and up-to-date coverage of key aspects, each chapter provides a detailed review which conveys the excitement of work in that field.Additional volumes in the Inorganic Materials Series:Low-Dimensional Solids | Molecular Materials | Porous Materials | Energy Materials
Molecular Mechanisms in Materials: Insights from Atomistic Modeling and Simulation
by Sidney YipA student-oriented introduction to understanding mechanisms at the atomistic level controlling macroscopic materials phenomena through molecular dynamics simulations.Machine-learning-based computation in materials innovation, performance optimization, and sustainability offers exciting opportunities at the mesoscale research frontier. Molecular Mechanisms in Materials presents research findings and insights about material behavior at the molecular level and its impact on macroscopic properties. The book&’s fifteen essays represent author Sidney Yip&’s work in atomistic modeling and materials simulation over more than five decades. The phenomena are grouped into five basic types: fluctuations in simple fluids, crystal melting, plasticity and fracture, glassy relaxations, and amorphous rheology, all focused on molecular mechanisms in base materials.The organizing principle of Molecular Mechanisms in Materials is multiscale modeling and simulation, where conceptual models and simulation techniques are linked across the micro-to-macro length and time scales to control the outcome of specific materials processes. Each essay addresses a specific standalone topic of materials phenomena while also recognizing the larger context of materials science and technology. Individual case studies serve both as standalone essays and companion pieces to each other. Indeed, the global transformation of science and technology is well underway: in his epilogue, Yip discusses the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning to enhance future materials for societal benefits in the face of global challenges such as climate change, energy sustainability, infrastructure renewal, and nuclear arms control.
Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism
by Jure Piškur and Concetta CompagnoYeast is one of the most studied laboratory organisms and represents one of the most central models to understand how any eukaryote cell works. On the other hand, yeast fermentations have for millennia provided us with a variety of biotech products, like wine, beer, vitamins, and recently also with pharmaceutically active heterologous products and biofuels. A central biochemical activity in the yeast cell is the metabolism of carbon compounds, providing energy for the whole cell, and precursors for any of the final fermentation products. A complex set of genes and regulatory pathways controls the metabolism of carbon compounds, from nutrient sensing, signal transduction, transcription regulation and post-transcriptional events. Recent advances in comparative genomics and development of post-genomic tools have provided further insights into the network of genes and enzymes, and molecular mechanisms which are responsible for a balanced metabolism of carbon compounds in the yeast cell, and which could be manipulated in the laboratory to increase the yield and quality of yeast biotech products. This book provides a dozen of most comprehensive reviews on the recent developments and achievements in the field of yeast carbon metabolism, from academic studies on gene expression to biotechnology relevant topics.
Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals for Chronic Diseases: Volume II (Nutraceuticals)
by Shima Abdollahi Syam Mohan Yashwant V. PathakThere has been a global rise in the incidence of chronic illnesses, which may be partially attributed to the lengthening of the average human lifespan. Functional foods and nutraceuticals have a potential role to play in the development and maintenance of health. They can assist the body in its battle against inflammation and chronic illnesses.Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals for Chronic Diseases addresses the effects and mechanism of functional foods in relation to chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, etc. This volume, like the first volume Applications of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals for Chronic Diseases, inspires new thought processes and a paradigm shift in research and development.Key Features: Discusses the molecular mechanism of action, the range of toxicities exerted by these food components for functional foods for addressing chronic conditions Enhances scientists and industrial personnel knowledge of functional foods and in the management of chronic diseases Presents research on the role of functional foods/nutraceuticals in preventing and treating chronic diseases through epigenetic modulation Explores various subjects such as epigenetics, immunological, metabolic, technological and neurodenerative aspects affected by functional foods in chronic diseases The world’s leading wellness centers for chronic diseases are using functional foods and nutraceuticals in their practice and discovering their useful applications, and this second of two volume set is another great reference for practitioners, scientists, and clinicians in the management of chronic diseases. Contributors hail from different geographical locations around the world and have many years of research and scholarly experience in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and biology.
Molecular Mechanisms of Functional Food
by Rocio Campos-Vega B. Dave OomahMOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD Comprehensive resource for understanding state-of-the-art mechanisms behind food health effects This book provides information on the development and validation of functional foods towards their market and industrial application. It covers the available information on developments, efficacy, and testing and safety, while demonstrating the proven or potential effects of food on health and disease. With contributions from the foremost experts in the field, this book will bring readers up to speed on the state of the art in the mechanisms behind food health effects, from their physiological bases to their conception, current uses, and future developments. Sample topics covered by the authors include: The molecular mechanisms of action of antioxidant fibers, prebiotics, ginger, and cinnamon Saffron, a functional food with potential molecular effects Pseudocereals, ancestral grains that can serve as a source of bioactive compounds for functional foods Molecular effects of future functional foods – psychobiotics, chronobiotics, hempseed, opuntia, common and carioca beans, coffee and cocoa by-products Food industry professionals, government workers involved in projects related to food, and students in programs of study related to food can use this book as an up-to-date reference to fully understand the effects that many common and uncommon foods have on humans.
Molecular Medicines for Cancer: Concepts and Applications of Nanotechnology
by Deepak Chitkara Anupama Mittal Ram I. MahatoThe field of molecular medicine covers the medical interventions targeting molecular structures and mechanisms that are involved in disease progression. In cancer, several molecular mechanisms have been shown to impact its progression, aggressiveness and chemoresistance. Increasing evidence demonstrates the role of nanotechnology and outcome of molecular therapy. Several books have discussed molecular biology and mechanisms involved in cancer, but this text gives an account of molecular therapeutics in cancer relating to advancements of nanotechnology. It provides a description of the multidisciplinary field of molecular medicines and its targeted delivery to cancer using nanotechnology. Key Features: Provides current information in the multidisciplinary field of molecular medicines and its targeted delivery to cancer using nanotechnology Presents important aspects of nanotechnology in the site-specific delivery of anticancer agents Includes up to date information on oligonucleotide and gene based therapies in cancer Describes small targeted molecules, antibodies and oligonucleotides which have shown to selectively target the molecular structures thereby influencing signal transduction Facilitates discussion between researchers involved in cancer therapy and nanoscientists
Molecular Mobility in Deforming Polymer Glasses: Theories and Applications (SpringerBriefs in Materials)
by Nikhil PadhyeThis book bridges disparate fields in an exploration of the phenomena and applications surrounding molecular mobility in glassy materials experiencing inelastic deformation. The subjects of plastic deformation and polymer motion/interdiffusion currently belong to the two different fields of continuum mechanics and polymer physics, respectively. However, molecular motion associated with plastic deformation is a key ingredient to gain fundamental understanding, both at the macroscopic and microscopic level. This short monograph provides necessary background in the aforementioned fields before addressing the topic of molecular mobility accompanied by macroscopic inelastic deformation in an accessible and easy-to-understand manner. A new phenomenon of solid-state deformation-induced bonding in polymers is discussed in detail, along with some broad implications in several manufacturing sectors. Open questions pertaining to mechanisms, mechanics, and modeling of deformation-induced bonding in polymers are presented. The book’s clear language and careful explanations will speak to readers of diverse backgrounds.
Molecular Modeling and Multiscaling Issues for Electronic Material Applications
by Nancy Iwamoto Matthew M.F. Yuen Haibo FanMolecular Modeling and Multiscaling Issues for Electronic Material Applications provides a snapshot on the progression of molecular modeling in the electronics industry and how molecular modeling is currently being used to understand material performance to solve relevant issues in this field. This book is intended to introduce the reader to the evolving role of molecular modeling, especially seen through the eyes of the IEEE community involved in material modeling for electronic applications. Part I presents the role that quantum mechanics can play in performance prediction, such as properties dependent upon electronic structure, but also shows examples how molecular models may be used in performance diagnostics, especially when chemistry is part of the performance issue. Part II gives examples of large-scale atomistic methods in material failure and shows several examples of transitioning between grain boundary simulations (on the atomistic level)and large-scale models including an example of the use of quasi-continuum methods that are being used to address multiscaling issues. Part III is a more specific look at molecular dynamics in the determination of the thermal conductivity of carbon-nanotubes. Part IV covers the many aspects of molecular modeling needed to understand the relationship between the molecular structure and mechanical performance of materials. Finally, Part V discusses the transitional topic of multiscale modeling and recent developments to reach the submicronscale using mesoscale models, including examples of direct scaling and parameterization from the atomistic to the coarse-grained particle level.
Molecular Modeling and Simulation: An Interdisciplinary Guide
by Tamar SchlickVery broad overview of the field intended for an interdisciplinary audience; Lively discussion of current challenges written in a colloquial style; Author is a rising star in this discipline; Suitably accessible for beginners and suitably rigorous for experts; Features extensive four-color illustrations; Appendices featuring homework assignments and reading lists complement the material in the main text
Molecular Modeling for the Design of Novel Performance Chemicals and Materials
by Beena RaiMolecular modeling (MM) tools offer significant benefits in the design of industrial chemical plants and material processing operations. While the role of MM in biological fields is well established, in most cases MM works as an accessory in novel products/materials development rather than a tool for direct innovation. As a result, MM engineers and
Molecular Modelling and Synthesis of Nanomaterials: Applications in Carbon- and Boron-based Nanotechnology (Springer Series in Materials Science #290)
by Ihsan BoustaniThis book presents nanomaterials as predicted by computational modelling and numerical simulation tools, and confirmed by modern experimental techniques. It begins by summarizing basic theoretical methods, then giving both a theoretical and experimental treatment of how alkali metal clusters develop into nanostructures, as influenced by the cluster's "magic number" of atoms. The book continues with a discussion of atomic clusters and nanostructures, focusing primarily on boron and carbon, exploring, in detail, the one-, two-, and three-dimensional structures of boron and carbon, and describing their myriad potential applications in nanotechnology, from nanocoating and nanosensing to nanobatteries with high borophene capacity. The broad discussion of computational modelling as well as the specific applications to boron and carbon, make this book an essential reference resource for materials scientists in this field of research.
Molecular Nanographenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
by Nazario Martín Colin P. NuckollsExplore the world’s most powerful materials with nanographene research Graphene, comprised of a single layer of carbon atoms in a honeycomb nanostructural arrangement, is the thinnest and strongest material yet known to science. Despite that this pristine carbon allotrope exhibits a variety of outstanding properties, its zero bandgap prevents its use for some optoelectronic applications. Fragments of graphene, or nanographenes, have shown a great potential to obviate these problems, thus paving the way for the development of chiroptical and optoelectronic properties. Molecular Nanographenes constitutes a comprehensive overview on the synthesis of these materials and their properties. Covering their widely varying morphologies, their potential applications, and their valuable chiroptical and photophysical features, it also analyzes multiple approaches to obtain nanographene by using both top-down and bottom-up methodologies. The result is a one-stop shop for materials scientists and other researchers interested in these emergent and fascinating materials. Molecular Nanographenes readers will also find: A careful distinction between top-down and bottom-up approaches to nanographene synthesisDetailed discussion of nanographene configurations including planar, bilayer, helical, nanobelt, and many other geometries An authorial team with pioneering research experience in the study of nano-sized graphenes and their synthesis Molecular Nanographenes is ideal for materials scientists, polymer chemists, solid state chemists, organic chemists, and any other researchers looking to work with shape and size-controlled flakes of graphenes.
Molecular Nanomagnets: Fundamental Understanding (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Heike C. Herper Barbara Brena Carla Puglia Sumanta Bhandary Heiko Wende Olle Eriksson Biplab SanyalThis book focuses on 3d transition metal centered phthalocyanine molecules and their deposition on different substrates. Phthalocyanines are an ideal prototype since they can be grown flat on many surfaces. It highlights the molecule-substrate interaction and its influence on the magnetic and spectroscopic properties of the molecules as well as the influence of ligands — reviewing both experiential and theoretical data. Since experimental setups differ and approximations in theory vary and can influence the result, a substantial part is dedicated to a thorough discussion of the different experimental and computational methods from the point of view of reliability and predictive power.
Molecular Nanomagnets and Related Phenomena
by Song GaoThe series Structure and Bonding publishes critical reviews on topics of research concerned with chemical structure and bonding. The scope of the series spans the entire Periodic Table and addresses structure and bonding issues associated with all of the elements. It also focuses attention on new and developing areas of modern structural and theoretical chemistry such as nanostructures, molecular electronics, designed molecular solids, surfaces, metal clusters and supramolecular structures. Physical and spectroscopic techniques used to determine, examine and model structures fall within the purview of Structure and Bonding to the extent that the focus is on the scientific results obtained and not on specialist information concerning the techniques themselves. Issues associated with the development of bonding models and generalizations that illuminate the reactivity pathways and rates of chemical processes are also relevant. The individual volumes in the series are thematic. The goal of each volume is to give the reader, whether at a university or in industry, a comprehensive overview of an area where new insights are emerging that are of interest to a larger scientific audience. Thus each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years should be presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. A description of the physical basis of the experimental techniques that have been used to provide the primary data may also be appropriate, if it has not been covered in detail elsewhere. The coverage need not be exhaustive in data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the new principles being developed that will allow the reader, who is not a specialist in the area covered, to understand the data presented. Discussion of possible future research directions in the area is welcomed. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research scientists at universities or in industry, graduate students Special offer for all customers who have a standing order to the print version of Structure and Bonding, we offer free access to the electronic volumes of the Series published in the current year via SpringerLink.
Molecular Organometallic Materials for Optics
by Véronique Guerchais Hubert BozecS. Di Bella, C. Dragonetti, M. Pizzotti, D. Roberto, F. Tessore, R. Ugo: Coordination and Organometallic Complexes as Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Molecular Materials.- M. G. Humphrey, M.P. Cifuentes, M. Samoc: NLO Molecules and Materials Based on Organometallics: Cubic NLO Properties.- L. Murphy, J. A. G. Williams: Luminescent Platinum Compounds: From Molecules to OLEDs. - Z. Liu, Z. Bian, C. Huang: Luminescent Iridium Complexes and Their Applications.- N. C. Fletcher, M. C. Lagunas: Chromo- and Fluorogenic Organometallic Sensors.- V. Guerchais, H. Le Bozec: Metal Complexes Featuring Photochromic Ligands.
Molecular Orientation and Emission Characteristics of Ir Complexes and Exciplex in Organic Thin Films (Springer Theses)
by Chang-Ki MoonThis thesis considers molecular orientation in thin films and introduces an optical model describing this orientation as applied to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). It also describes the electronic structure of intermolecular charge transfer excitons correlated to molecular orientation in solids.It has long been known that molecular orientation influences the electrical and optical properties of molecular films. One notable example is in liquid crystals where rigid rod or disk shaped molecules are commonly used. Understanding the origin of the molecular orientation and its control by surface treatment and electric field resulted in the development of liquid crystal displays. The same thing has happened in organic electronics, and considerable effort has been devoted to understanding and controlling molecular orientation in solid films to improve charge carrier mobility and light absorption, ultimately to improve the performance of organic solar cells and thin film transistors.In contrast, less attention has been paid to molecular orientation and its influence on the characteristics of OLEDs, probably because of the use of amorphous films rather than micro-crystalline films, and it is only in recent years that some molecular films are known to have preferred orientation. This thesis addresses this topic, focusing on OLEDs, describing the origin and control of the orientation of phosphorescent Ir complexes possessing spherical shape rather than rod or disk shape, the simulation of the optical characteristics of OLEDs influenced by preferred molecular orientation, and finally the orientation of intermolecular charge transfer excitons and its correlation to electronic structures in thin films.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer
by Kevin M. HaigisColorectal cancer has for more than two decades served as the paradigm for the multi-step concept of cancer initiation and progression. Perhaps more than any other organ site, cancer of the colon is extensively characterized at the molecular level. We are now entering a time when molecular classification, rather than histologic classification, of cancer subtypes is driving the development of clinical trials with emerging targeted therapies. The book will focus on the progression from the identification of mutations that drive colorectal cancer initiation and progression to the search for novel therapies to treat the disease.