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Alternative Energy In The Middle East
by Gawdat BahgatThe Middle East region holds the world's largest oil and natural gas proven reserves. Several Middle Eastern States are major oil producers and consumers. Given price fluctuations and environmental concerns many countries have sought to diversify their energy mix. The Middle East is no exception. Gawdat Bahgat analyzes the geopolitical, economic and strategic forces behind this diversification in the Middle East. He highlights the main advantages and disadvantages of each source of energy.
Alternative Energy Resources: The Way to a Sustainable Modern Society (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #99)
by Pankaj Pathak Rajiv Ranjan SrivastavaThis book reviews alternative and renewable energy resources in order to pave the way for a more sustainable production in the future. A multi-disciplinary team of authors provides a comprehensive overview of current technologies and future trends, including solar technologies, wind energy, hydropower, microbial electrochemical systems and various biomass sources for biofuel production. In addition, the book focuses on solutions for developing countries. Conventional energy sources are finite, and estimates suggest that they will be exhausted within a few decades. Finding a solution to this problem is a global challenge, and developing countries in particular are still highly dependent on fossil fuels due to their rapidly growing populations accompanied by a huge growth in primary energy consumption. Moreover, the most common conventional energy sources (coal and petroleum) are non-sustainable since their combustion exponentially increases greenhouse gas emissions. As such, there is a pressing need for clean energy based on alternative or renewable resources, not only to ensure energy supplies at an affordable price but also to protect the environment.
Alternative Energy Resources in the MENA Region (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #131)
by Abdelazim Negm Abdellah Henni Djamal ZerroukiThis book outlines the development of renewable energies in the Middle East and North Africa, it offers up-to-date information about their variability, availability and utilization, and serves as a guide for understanding the MENA renewable energy potential. Readers will find an authoritative discussion about the implementation of renewable energies, trends and forecast of solar, wind and geothermal systems applications in this region. Case studies from China, Mexico and Vietnam are also included in this book to foster the implementation of renewable energies in the MENA region. The MENA region is known for its immense oil, petroleum and gas reserve, being one of the most important regions in the world for fossil energy accessibility and, hence, for the global economic stability. This region holds at the same time the world’s greatest potential for renewable energy and over the past few years it has been receiving national and international political support for promoting the future of solar and wind power energies. However, can the region go green taking into account the availability of the natural resources? Expert contributors from countries such as United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Algeria, Turkey, and Morocco provide their perspective on this challenge and offer a comprehensive overview of the latest pilot projects for renewable energy in the region. This book will appeal to researchers, students, engineers and policymakers interested in the potential of alternative energy resources in the MENA region.
Alternative Energy Sources (Green Energy and Technology)
by Efstathios E MichaelidesAlternative Energy Sources is designed to give the reader, a clear view of the role each form of alternative energy may play in supplying the energy needs of the human society in the near future (20-50 years). The two first chapters on "energy demand and supply" and "environmental effects," set the tone as to why alternative energy is essential for the future. The third chapter gives the laws of energy conversion processes, as well as the limitations of converting one energy form to another. The section on exergy gives a quantitative background on the capability/potential of each energy source to produce power. The fourth, fifth and sixth chapters are expositions of fission and fusion nuclear energy, the power plants that may produce power from these sources and the issues that will frame the public debate on nuclear energy. The following five chapters include descriptions of the most common renewable energy sources (wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, hydroelectric) some of the less common sources (e.g. tidal and wave energy). The emphasis of these chapters will be on the global potential of each source, the engineering/technical systems that are used in harnessing the potential of each source, the technological developments that will contribute to wider utilization of the sources and environmental effects associated with their wider use. The last three chapters are: "energy storage," which will become an important issue if renewable energy sources are used widely. The fourteen chapters in the book have been chosen so that one may fit a semester University course around this book. At the end of every chapter, there are 10-20 problems and 1-3 suggestions of semester projects that may be assigned to students for further research.
Alternative Energy Sources and Technologies: Process Design and Operation
by Mariano MartínPresenting a comprehensive analysis of the use of alternative sources of energy and technologies to produce fuels and power, this book describes the energy value chain from harvesting the raw material, (i. e solar, wind, biomass or shale gas) followed by analysis of the processing steps into power, fuels and/or chemicals and finally the distribution of the products. Featuring an examination of the techno-economic processes and integration opportunities which can add value to by-products or promote the use of different sources of energy within the same facility, this book looks at the tools that can make this integration possible as well as utilising a real world case study. The case study of the operation of "El hierro" island is used as an example of the current effort towards more efficient use of the resources available. Tackling head on the open challenges of the supply, the variability of the source and its prediction, the description of novel processes that are being developed and evaluated for their transformation as well as how we can distribute them to the consumer and how we can integrate the new chemicals, fuels and power within the current system and infrastructure, the book takes a process based perspective with such an approach able to help us in the use and integration of these sources of energy and novel technologies.
Alternative Energy Systems and Applications
by B. K. HodgeThe comprehensive guide to engineering alternative and renewable energy systems and applications—updated for the latest trends and technologies This book was designed tohelp engineers develop new solutions for the current energy economy. To that end it provides technical discussions, along with numerous real-world examples of virtually all existing alternative energy sources, applications, systems and system components. All chapters focus on first-order engineering calculations, and consider alternative uses of existing and renewable energy resources. Just as important, the author describes how to apply these concepts to the development of new energy solutions. Since the publication of the critically acclaimed first edition of this book, the alternative, renewable and sustainable energy industries have witnessed significant evolution and growth. Hydraulic fracturing, fossil fuel reserve increases, the increasing popularity of hybrid and all-electric vehicles, and the decreasing cost of solar power already have had a significant impact on energy usage patterns worldwide. Updated and revised to reflect those and other key developments, this new edition features expanded coverage of topics covered in the first edition, as well as entirely new chapters on hydraulic fracturing and fossil fuels, hybrid and all-electric vehicles, and more. Begins with a fascinating look at the changing face of global energy economy Features chapters devoted to virtually all sources of alternative energy and energy systems Offers technical discussions of hydropower, wind, passive solar and solar-thermal, photovoltaics, fuel cells, CHP systems, geothermal, ocean energy, biomass, and nuclear Contains updated chapter review questions, homework problems, and a thoroughly revised solutions manual, available on the companion website While Alternative Energy Systems and Applications, Second Edition is an ideal textbook/reference for advanced undergraduate and graduate level engineering courses in energy-related subjects, it is also an indispensable professional resource for engineers and technicians working in areas related to the development of alternative/renewable energy systems.
Alternative Energy Technologies: An Introduction with Computer Simulations (Nano and Energy #5)
by Gavin BuxtonAlternative energy sources are becoming increasingly important in a world striving for energy independence, clean air, and a reprieve from global warming. Solar cells, wind power, and biofuels are some of the competing alternative energy sources hoping to gain a foothold in our future energy mix, and the economic advantages of these technologies are continually increasing as costs are reduced and efficiencies increased. Alternative Energy Technologies: An Introduction with Computer Simulations explores the science and engineering behind a number of emerging alternative energy technologies, including polymer solar cells, algae biofuels, and artificial leaves. It also addresses the environmental need for these technologies. However, unlike its predecessors, this book employs simple computer models implemented within spreadsheet environments to simulate different aspects of the alternative energy technologies and therefore teach the subject matter. This unique approach: Provides a dual introduction to alternative energy technologies and computer simulation Elucidates the fundamental behaviors and complex interactions within the alternative energy systems Makes computer simulation straightforward and accessible to readers with no prior programming experience Featuring investigative exercises that deepen understanding and inspire further research, Alternative Energy Technologies: An Introduction with Computer Simulations makes an ideal introductory textbook for undergraduate students and a valuable professional reference for experimental researchers.
Alternative Envelope Components for Energy-Efficient Buildings (Green Energy and Technology)
by Ana-Maria DabijaThis book examines ways of saving energy by using green roofs and facades, solar devices such as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), and thermal solar panels, as components of energy-efficient building envelopes. The author takes an interdisciplinary / multidisciplinary approach to the subject that analyzes several different scientific fields connected to building research—sustainability, sustainable architecture, energy efficiency in buildings, and building envelopes—while approaching other collateral domains, including history, archaeology, botanics, physics, engineering, and landscape architecture. Alternative Envelope Components for Energy-Efficient Buildings will be a welcome resource for researchers, students, and postgraduates in the fields of energy, building materials, and renewable energy, as well as architects, engineers, and specialists in industries related to building products.Looks at the impact of building envelopes on energy usage;Offers readers an introduction to the principles of sustainability;Presents passive and active approaches to using solar devices.
Alternative Farming Systems, Biotechnology, Drought Stress and Ecological Fertilisation (Sustainable Agriculture Reviews #6)
by Eric LichtfouseSustainable agriculture is a rapidly growing field aiming at producing food and energy in a sustainable way for our children. This discipline addresses current issues such as climate change, increasing food and fuel prices, starvation, obesity, water pollution, soil erosion, fertility loss, pest control and biodiversity depletion. Novel solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from agronomy, soil science, molecular biology, chemistry, toxicology, ecology, economy, philosophy and social sciences. As actual society issues are now intertwined, sustainable agriculture will bring solutions to build a safer world. This book series analyzes current agricultural issues, and proposes alternative solutions, consequently helping all scientists, decision-makers, professors, farmers and politicians wishing to build safe agriculture, energy and food systems for future generations.
Alternative Fuel Vehicles
by Tom DentonAlternative Fuel Vehicles gives full coverage of all associated qualifications and awards in the emerging field of alternative fuels. It is an essential introduction to the ever-growing demand for vehicles that operate using non-conventional fuels. This first book on AFVs endorsed by the IMI begins with an overview of the subject, ideal for beginners, before outlining what is meant by alternative fuels, why they are necessary, and why climate change and associated legislation are key drivers. Details of how alternative fuels are made, the supply infrastructure, and how these vehicles work are all included. A chapter on fuel cells introduces learners to the use of hydrogen, and one on engines and engine management includes coverage of combustion as an aid to understanding why changing the type of engine fuel is complex. Some basic engine technology is included to help readers new to the subject. Real-life case studies and examples are used to illustrate different technologies in current use, and to speculate on new developments. This book is an ideal companion to any unit of study on alternative fuel, but will also be of interest to working technicians and keen amateurs.
Alternative Fuels (Green Chemistry And Chemical Engineering Ser.)
by Sunggyu LeeEnvironmentally acceptable alternative fuels are in demand. This book dicusses the energy resources that are directly tied to the alleviation of petroleum dependence, and the science and technology in the area of alternative fuels. Various process treatments leading to cleaner and better use of existing fuel resources are discussed. This comprehensive reference book is consistent and is helpful for students and researchers.
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Combustion Techniques as Sustainable Solutions for Internal Combustion Engines (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Akhilendra Pratap Singh Dhananjay Kumar Avinash Kumar AgarwalThis monograph covers different aspects related to utilization of alternative fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines with a focus on biodiesel, dimethyl ether, alcohols, biogas, etc. The focal point of this book is to present engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics of IC engines fueled by these alternative fuels. A section of this book also covers the potential strategies of utilization of these alternative fuels in an energy efficient manner to reduce the harmful pollutants emitted from IC engines. It presents the comparative analysis of different alternative fuels in a variety of engines to show the appropriate alternative fuel for specific types of engines. This book will prove useful for both researchers as well as energy experts and policy makers.
Alternative Fuels and Their Utilization Strategies in Internal Combustion Engines (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Akhilendra Pratap Singh Yogesh C. Sharma Nirendra N. Mustafi Avinash Kumar AgarwalThis book covers alternative fuels and their utilization strategies in internal combustion engines. The main objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the production and utilization aspects of different types of liquid and gaseous alternative fuels. In the last few years, methanol and DME have gained significant attention of the energy sector, because of their capability to be utilized in different types of engines. This book will be a valuable resource for researchers and practicing engineers alike.
Alternative Fuels for Transportation
by Arumugam S. RamadhasExploring how to counteract the world's energy insecurity and environmental pollution, this volume covers the production methods, properties, storage, engine tests, system modification, transportation and distribution, economics, safety aspects, applications, and material compatibility of alternative fuels. The esteemed editor highlights the importance of moving toward alternative fuels and the problems and environmental impact of depending on petroleum products. Each self-contained chapter focuses on a particular fuel source, including vegetable oils, biodiesel, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, hydrogen, electric, fuel cells, and fuel from nonfood crops.
Alternative Fuels in Ship Power Plants: Application of Alternative Fuels
by Xinglin Yang Zongming Yang Huabing Wen Viktor Gorbov Vira Mitienkova Serhiy SerbinThis book describes the feasibility and status of the use of alternative fuels in marine engineering, as well as the application of liquefied natural gas, biodiesel and their blends as marine fuels, and the combustion of synthetic coal-based fuels.Each chapter in the book ends with a summary, which gives the reader a quick and clear understanding of the main contents of the chapter. The book gives a lot of advice on the selection of equipment and parameters, fuel reserves and preparation for scholars related to alternative fuels in ships, and points them in the way. It contains lots of illustrations and tables and explains it in the form of chart comparison. The authors have developed mathematical models and methods for calculating the parameters of fuel systems for biodiesel fuels and liquefied natural gas. Recommendations for choosing the rational parameters of these systems are given, as are schematic solutions of the fuel systems, recommendations for selecting equipment, storing, and preparing the fuels. Application of the materials described in the book provides the SPP designers with a reliable tool for choosing rational characteristics of the fuel systems operating on alternative fuels and improving the efficiency of their application on ships.
Alternative Irrigation: The Promise of Runoff Agriculture
by Christopher J BarrowAn introduction to runoff agriculture - a form of agricultural irrigation - this text describes how the use of surface and subsurface water, often overlooked and wasted, enables both small farmers and commercial agriculturists to improve yields and the security of harvest, even in harsh and remote environments. The text introduces the techniques and strategies, as well as the challenges and the potential of the crucial approach, which can contribute so much to reducing land degradation and improving conservation and sustainability.
Alternative Materials for the Reinforcement and Prestressing of Concrete
by John L. ClarkeCorrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete is a major problem, with serious implications for structural integrity and durability particularly for bridges and marine structures. This new book provides a thorough overview of recent developments and applications in this area.
Alternative Medicine Interventions for COVID-19
by Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq May Nasser Bin-Jumah Sarah I. Alothman Hanan A. HenidiThis research volume examines the available alternative, complementary, pharmaceutical and vaccine methods for treating, mitigating, or preventing COVID-19. Coverage includes traditional Chinese medicine, herbal remedies, nutraceutical/dietary options, and drug/vaccine therapies. All the methods discussed will be critically examined to provide readers with a full, unbiased overview that includes pros/cons of each method. While the nature of COVID-19 is still being studied, and new research and theories are being published daily, this book endeavors to provide readers with a comprehensive summary of current research on alternative and mainstream treatment and prevention methods.
Alternative operative Therapien in der Uroonkologie: Operationen, Interventionelle Techniken, Radiochemotherapie
by Martin Schostak Andreas BlanaNeue Wege in der operativen Uroonkologie! Dieses Buch beschreibt besondere operative Verfahren in ihren Einsatzfeldern von der praktischen Durchf#65533;hrung bis zu ihrer Stellung in der Literatur und den Leitlinien. Dar#65533;ber hinaus geben die ausgewiesenen Experten Hinweise, wie solche Operationen praktisch, m#65533;glichst risikoarm und effektiv zu gestalten seien. Im Spannungsfeld zwischen den Radikaltherapien auf der einen Seite und dem vor#65533;bergehenden Nichtbehandeln auf der anderen Seite suchen viele Betroffene nach sogenannten alternativen Therapien. Dabei handelt es sich um Verfahren, welche als noch nicht standardisiert gelten. Ziel soll eine m#65533;glichst gleichwertige Krebstherapie bei weniger Invasivit#65533;t bzw. besserem Erhalt der Lebensqualit#65533;t sein. Unter anderem finden sich folgende Themen im Buch: #65533; Hochintensiver fokussierter Ultraschall (HIFU) #65533; Kryotherapie #65533; Tookad #65533; Brachytherapie #65533; Alternative Therapien bei Nierenzellkarzinom, Urothelkarzinom und Hodenkarzinom
Alternative Pathways in Science and Industry: Activism, Innovation, and the Environment in an Era of Globalization
by David J. HessHess examines how social movements and other forms of activism affect innovation in science, technology, and industry. Hess explores the interaction of grassroots environmental action and mainstream industry and offers a conceptual framework for understanding it.
Alternative Powertrains and Extensions to the Conventional Powertrain (Commercial Vehicle Technology)
by Michael HilgersThe aim of this work, consisting of 9 individual, self-contained booklets, is to describe commercial vehicle technology in a way that is clear, concise and illustrative. Compact and easy to understand, it provides an overview of the technology that goes into modern commercial vehicles. Starting from the customer's fundamental requirements, the characteristics and systems that define the design of the vehicles are presented knowledgeably in a series of articles, each of which can be read and studied on their own. This volume, "Alternative Powertrains and Supplements to the Conventional Powertrain", introduces alternatives and additions to the conventional powertrain of the commercial vehicle. The wide range of options is presented so as to be clearly understandable for those learning and working with them in a practical environment. Hybrid vehicles, electric powertrains and alternative fuels are discussed.
Alternative Powertrains and Extensions to the Conventional Powertrain (Commercial Vehicle Technology)
by Michael Hilgers Wilfried AchenbachThe aim of this work, consisting of 9 individual, self-contained booklets, is to describe commercial vehicle technology in a way that is clear, concise and illustrative. Compact and easy to understand, it provides an overview of the technology that goes into modern commercial vehicles. Starting from the customer's fundamental requirements, the characteristics and systems that define the design of the vehicles are presented knowledgeably in a series of articles, each of which can be read and studied on their own. This volume, "Alternative Powertrains and Supplements to the Conventional Powertrain", introduces alternatives and additions to the conventional powertrain of the commercial vehicle. The wide range of options is presented so as to be clearly understandable for those learning and working with them in a practical environment. Hybrid vehicles, electric powertrains and alternative fuels are discussed.
Alternative Propulsion for Automobiles
by Cornel StanThe book presents - based on the most recent research and development results worldwide - the perspectives of new propulsion concepts such as electric cars with batteries and fuel cells, and furthermore plug in hybrids with conventional and alternative fuels. The propulsion concepts are evaluated based on specific power, torque characteristic, acceleration behaviour, specific fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The alternative fuels are discussed in terms of availability, production, technical complexity of the storage on board, costs, safety and infrastructure. The book presents summarized data about vehicles with electric and hybrid propulsion. The propulsion of future cars will be marked by diversity - from compact electric city cars and range extender vehicles for suburban and rural areas up to hybrid or plug in SUV´s, Pick up´s and luxury class automobiles.
Alternative Proteins: Safety and Food Security Considerations
by Alaa El-Din A. BekhitIn the last decade, there has been substantial research dedicated towards prospecting physiochemical, nutritional and health properties of novel protein sources. In addition to being driven by predictions of increased population and lack of a parallel increase in traditional protein sources, main drivers for the rise in novel proteins/ novel foods research activities is linked to significant changes in young consumers’ attitudes toward red meat consumption and their interest in new alternative protein products. Alternative Proteins: Safety and Food Security Considerations presents up-to-date information on alternative proteins from non-meat sources and examines their nutritional and functional roles as food sources and ingredients. Emphasis is placed on the safety of these novel proteins and an evaluation of their potential contribution to food security. Motivations for novel proteins and restrictions for their use are also discussed. Key Features: Explains potential improvements to alternative proteins through the employment of novel processing techniques. Contains the first review on keratin as an alternative protein source. Explores first comprehensive evaluation of the religious aspects of novel proteins. Describes methods for the detection and evaluation of health hazards. Discusses guidelines, regulatory issues and recommendations for food safety Additionally, this book covers fundamental and recent developments in the production of alternative proteins, and examines safety and consumer acceptability wherever information is available. The sources and processing options for alternative proteins and their impact on final product characteristics are also covered. A collective contribution from international researchers who are active in their field of research and have made significant contributions to the the food sciences, this book is beneficial to any researcher interested in the the food science and safety of alternative proteins.
Alternative Routen in komplexen Umgebungen: Werkzeuge für ortsbezogene Anwendungen und Dienste
by Sebastian FeldDas Buch zeigt verschiedene Ansätze und Verfahren, um alternative Routen in Freiflächen zu berechnen, geospatiale Trajektorien zu vergleichen sowie Strukturen in Gebäuden zu identifizieren. Die Wegefindung in komplexen Umgebungen unterscheidet sich von der in Straßennetzen vor allem dadurch, dass sich eine Person nahezu in alle Richtungen bewegen kann. Das Vorhalten von alternativen Routen für Fußgänger (aber auch für mobile Roboter) in Flughäfen, Krankenhäusern, Messehallen, Parks, Industrieanlagen oder Lagerhallen ermöglicht beispielsweise eine personalisierte Navigation, sodass proaktiv Stau vermieden oder blockierten Bereichen ausgewichen wird.Im ersten Teil des Buches definiert der Autor alternative Routen in komplexen Umgebungen, stellt den Algorithmus zum Berechnen solcher Routen vor und geht auf Qualitätsmetriken sowie Alternativgraphen ein. Im zweiten Teil legt Sebastian Feld unter anderem ein System zum Vergleich von Routen vor, mit dem aus einer Menge von Routen die extremsten Exemplare extrahiert werden können. Schließlich integriert er im dritten Teil des Buches die quantitative Analyse der visuellen Wahrnehmung von Raum in den Kontext alternativer Routen. Damit bietet das Buch einen Werkzeugkasten, der von weiteren ortsbezogenen Anwendungen und Diensten verwendet werden kann.