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Nitrate, Agriculture and the Environment
by T. M. AddiscottAddiscott (Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK) and colleagues review the science and politics of nitrate use in farming and its impact on the environment. The basic soil chemistry, physics, and biology are presented and assessment of nitrate and nitrous oxide as global pollutants in fresh water, coastal waters, and the atmosphere is discussed. Next the relationship between nitrate and health is examined. Also include are chapters on the politics and economics of nitrate and public attitudes regarding nitrate. In a chapter on agriculture in Africa, Addiscott argues that Western "political correctness" has prevented the use of adequate use of nitrate. Distributed in the US by Oxford U. Press. Annotation ©2005 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (book news. com)
Nitrate Handbook: Environmental, Agricultural, and Health Effects (Advances in Trace Elements in the Environment)
by Christos TsadilasNitrate Handbook: Environmental, Agricultural, and Health Effects provides an overview of the entire nitrate cycle and the processes influencing nitrate transformation. It clearly identifies the role of nitrate as an essential nutrient in plant growth, food preservation, and human health. Using the most up-to-date knowledge and research, this handbook illustrates how the steadily increasing human population and demand for food, which results in higher amounts of nitrate needed by soils, makes new regulations on the management and usage of nitrates a high priority. A detailed explanation concerning the discrepancies between the public’s perception of nitrate’s harm versus the reality of its human health benefits is given via a balanced and evidence-based approach. All questions pertaining to the influences of nitrate and its derivatives on plant physiology and human health are explored in depth. This comprehensive resource with contributions from distinguished researches in the field is a must-have for professionals and students who study and work with nitrates. Features: Includes in depth discussion on the wide spectrum of nitrate present in the environment. Focuses on the progress made on nitrate research and its importance. Answers all questions about nitrate and its derivatives’ influences on plant physiology and human health. Enables decision makers and public authorities to manage social concerns Compiles in one resource the findings of many distinguished researchers in the field.
Nitrates in Groundwater
by Larry W. CanterThis time-saving book provides extensive coverage of all important aspects of nitrates in groundwater, ranging from prevention to problem assessment to remediation. It begins by highlighting the nitrogen cycle and related health concerns, providing both background information and a unique perspective on health issues. It then analyzes subsurface pr
Nitrates in Groundwater: IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 5 (IAH - Selected Papers on Hydrogeology)
by Lidia Razowska-Jaworek Andrzej SadurskiThe first book devoted entirely to the problem of nitrate risk and behaviour in groundwater, this volume includes twenty-seven papers selected from those presented during the Euromeeting of the International Association of Hydrogeologists "Nitrate in Groundwater in Europe" held in Wisla, Poland in 2002. The problems presented and discussed in Wisla
Nitride Phosphors and Solid-State Lighting (Series in Optics and Optoelectronics)
by Rong-Jun Xie Yuan Qiang Li Naoto Hirosaki Hajime YamamotoNitride Phosphors and Solid-State Lighting provides an in-depth introduction to the crystal chemistry, synthesis, luminescence, and applications of phosphor materials for solid-state lighting, mainly focusing on new nitride phosphors. Drawing on their extensive experimental work, the authors offer a multidisciplinary study of phosphor materials tha
Nitride Semiconductor Devices
by Hadis MorkoçThis book gives a clear presentation of the necessary basics of semiconductor and device physics and engineering. It introduces readers to fundamental issues that will enable them to follow the latest technological research. It also covers important applications, including LED and lighting, semiconductor lasers, high power switching devices, and detectors. This balanced and up-to-date treatment makes the text an essential educational tool for both advanced students and professionals in the electronics industry.
Nitride Semiconductor Technology: Power Electronics and Optoelectronic Devices
by Fabrizio RoccaforteGroundbreaking book that combines information on power electronics and optoelectronic applications of nitride semiconductors With contributions from a panel of international experts, Nitride Semiconductor Technology: Power Electronics and Optoelectronic Devices offers a state-of-the-art review of GaN-based technologies that covers the fields of both power electronics and optoelectronic devices. The authors present detailed explanations of the physical properties of materials and their growth methods. They also include information on GaN-based technology applications in high electron mobility transistors, vertical power devices, LEDs, laser diodes, and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Nitride Semiconductor Technology contains an in-depth examination of reliability issues with the materials and offers advice on integrating them with 2D materials for novel high-frequency and high-power devices. The book also contains a review of the most recent advances in the field. This important book: Presents an in-depth overview of properties, growth techniques, and applicability of nitride semiconductors Offers a one-stop resource that covers nitride semiconductor technology from materials to devices Reviews a widerange of nitride semiconductor applications in high-power and high-frequency devices Written for materials scientists, semiconductor physicists, semiconductor industry professionals, electrical engineers, and electrotechnical industry professionals, Nitride Semiconductor Technology: Power Electronics and Optoelectronic Devices combines the most recent information on power electronics and optoelectronic applications of nitride semiconductors.
Nitride Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Material and Electronic Devices
by Yue Hao Jin Feng Zhang Jin Cheng ZhangThis book systematically introduces physical characteristics and implementations of III-nitride wide bandgap semiconductor materials and electronic devices, with an emphasis on high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). The properties of nitride semiconductors make the material very suitable for electronic devices used in microwave power amplification, high-voltage switches, and high-speed digital integrated circuits.
Nitrification in Saline Industrial Wastewater
by Moustafa Samir MoussaA dissertation on the effects of salinity on nitrifcation in municipal wastewater, considering many aspects of the process and its attendant problems, together with useful and research results from lab- and plant-based research.
The Nitrile Imine 1,3-Dipole: Properties, Reactivity and Applications (Springerbriefs In Molecular Science Ser.)
by Craig Jamieson Keith LivingstoneThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the nitrilimine 1,3-dipole, from its initial discovery in 1959 to the most recent publications. Covering topics such as the core properties of the dipole and the various methods of synthesis available, it particularly highlights the diverse reactivity profile of the nitrilimine and its numerous applications in bioorthogonal and materials chemistry. The book is of interest to academic and industrial researchers working in this area and to those new to the field.
Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease
by Joseph Loscalzo Nathan BryanNitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease delivers a comprehensive review of nitrite and nitrate biology, from basic biochemistry to the complex physiology and metabolism of these two naturally occurring molecules in the human body. Well-organized and well referenced chapters cover the rich history of nitrite and nitrate, sources of exposure, and the physiological effects when consumed through foods containing nitrite and nitrate. The chapters are written by leading experts, all of whom share their research and perspectives in order to help define the context for benefits vs. any potential risks associated with nitrite and nitrate use, either through dietary ingestion or therapeutic dosing. This diverse collection of authors includes vascular biologists, physiologists, physicians, epidemiologists, cancer biologists, registered dieticians, chemists, and public health experts from five countries in both academia and government. Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease provides a balanced view of nitric oxide biochemistry, and nitrite and nitrate biochemistry in physiology and in the food sciences.
Nitroazoles: Synthesis, Structure and Applications
by Lyudmila Larina Valentin LopyrevThe monograph gives an exhaustive and systematic description of the methods of synthesis, application, structure and properties of nitroazoles perspective medicines, universal bases in peptide nucleic acids, agrochemicals, and components of high-energy materials. All five-membered nitroderivatives of azoles - pyrazoles, imidazoles, triazoles, tetrazoles, oxazoles, isoxazoles, oxadiazoles, thiazoles, isothiazoles, thiadiazoles, and their benzanalogs - indazoles, benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles, benzisoxazoles, benzoxadiazoles, benzothiazoles, benzoisothiazoles, benzothiadiazoles, benzotriazoles are discussed in the book. Special attention is paid to the nitroimidazole derivatives many of which are well-known drugs and hypoxic cell radiosensitizers (azomycine, metronidazole, misonidazole, tinidazole, dimetridazole, ipronidazole, carnidazole and etc). The critical evaluation of a large body of the information on nitroazoles investigations by physicochemical methods (NMR, NQR, ESR, UV, IR- specrtoscopy, X-ray, mass-spectrometry, polarography, dipole moments and others methods) is presented here.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrition of Cattle: Reducing the Environmental Impact of Cattle Operations
by Ernst Pfeffer Alexander N. HristovThis book describes the latest knowledge in nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition of cattle including requirements, ruminal and total tract metabolism, possibilities of increasing the efficiency of nitrogen utilization and reducing nitrogen and phosphorus excretions from dairy and beef operations.
Nitrogen Capture: The Growth Of An International Industry (1900-1940)
by Anthony S. TravisThis monograph provides an account of how the synthetic nitrogen industry became the forerunner of the 20th-century chemical industry in Europe, the United States and Asia. Based on an earlier SpringerBrief by the same author, which focused on the period of World War I, it expands considerably on the international aspects of the development of the synthetic nitrogen industry in the decade and a half following the war, including the new technologies that rivalled the Haber-Bosch ammonia process. Travis describes the tremendous global impact of fixed nitrogen (as calcium cyanamide and ammonia), including the perceived strategic need for nitrogen (mainly for munitions), and, increasingly, its role in increasing crop yields, including in Italy under Mussolini, and in the Soviet Union under Stalin. The author also reviews the situation in Imperial Japan, including the earliest adoption of the Italian Casale ammonia process, from 1923, and the role of fixed nitrogen in the industrialization of colonial Korea from the late 1920s. Chemists, historians of science and technology, and those interested in world fertilizer production and the development of chemical industry during the first four decades of the twentieth century will find this book of considerable value.
Nitrogen Cycle: Ecology, Biotechnological Applications and Environmental Impacts
by Jesus Gonzalez-LopezAnthropogenic activity has clearly altered the N cycle contributing (among other factors) to climate change. This book aims to provide new biotechnological approach representing innovative strategies to solve specific problems related to the imbalance originating in the N cycle. Aspects such as new conceptions in agriculture, wastewater treatment, and greenhouse gas emissions are discussed in this book with a multidisciplinary vision. A team of international authors with wide experience have contributed up-to-date reviews, highlighting scientific principles and their environmental importance and integrating different biotechnological processes in environmental technology.
Nitrogen Cycling and Soil Health (Progress in Soil Science)
by Ryusuke Hatano Elizabeth M. BaggsThe United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) defines soil health as the continued capacity of soil to function as a vital living ecosystem that sustains plants, animals, and humans, and healthy soil gives us clean air and water. Nitrogen is indispensable to support life on earth, including for food production, but it also causes environmental problems such as global warming and groundwater pollution. This book brings together novel aspects of soil nitrogen research that solve these problems, with a particular focus on soil health in intensive agricultural systems. The two main sections are: 1) Monitoring and understanding of soil nitrogen transformations to maintain soil health, and 2) Soil nitrogen management for soil health. Included topics are regulation of key nitrogen loads and processes such as nitrous oxide emissions, nitrate leaching, ammonia volatilization, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, mineralization, their relationships with the soil microbial biomass, and impact of soil management practices for enhanced soil health and sustainability. This book includes selected papers presented at the symposium Nitrogen Cycling and Soil Health at the 2022 World Congress of Soil Science, which took place in Glasgow, U.K.
Nitrogen Fixation
by Yoshiaki NishibayashiThis volume presents a review of recent developments in nitrogen fixation using transition metal-dinitrogen complexes in the last decade. The authors are international experts in the corresponding field and each chapter discusses their latest achievements in the preparation of various transition metal-dinitrogen complexes and their reactivity. This volume will be helpful to researchers, teachers, and students who are interested in innovative and sustainable chemistry.
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria: Sustainable Growth of Non-legumes (Microorganisms for Sustainability #36)
by Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari Rajendra Dobhal Shrivardhan DheemanThis book covers aspects of biological nitrogen fixation along with the unique signaling and interaction between the diazotrophic bacteria and plants, especially the non-legumes. Nitrogen is the most important growth-limiting nutrient in the ecosystems and biological nitrogen fixation involving microbial symbionts, mainly rhizobia and legumes holds enormous interest across the globe. However, free-living rhizobacteria of non-legumes especially cereals, also establish themselves within the root system, fixing nitrogen and contributing to plant productivity, soil fertility, and agricultural sustainability. These non-symbiotic nitrogen fixers additionally exhibit various plant growth-promoting traits elevating productivity, fortifying nutrient content, and managing water stress in plants. The recent perspectives highlighting the mechanisms and background of non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation provide answers to unravel the potential of nitrogenase and various spectra of habitats of rhizobia and other diazotrophic bacteria. Further, the application of genetic engineering and the development of nitrogen-fixing cereals can provide a possible solution to the problem of food shortage. The book includes various scientific inputs providing comprehensive knowledge about the emergence of agricultural sustainability through nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The book illustrates the systematic mechanisms involved in biological nitrogen fixation through various illustrations, schematic drawings, and flow charts aiding in better understanding. The chapters elaborate on the physiology and metabolism of plant-bacteria interaction in different crops under diverse environmental conditions. Thus, the volume will provide a holistic scenario helping in advancing the novel plant-microbe interactions, cell-signaling, and plant-molecular interactions. The book will assist the agronomists, microbiologists, ecologists, plant pathologists, molecular biologists, environmentalists, policymakers, conservationists, and NGOs to develop biofertilizers and bioinoculants using various genera of microbes and contribute to the targets of sustainable goals in an eco-friendly manner.
Nitrogen in Agricultural Landscape
by Lech Wojciech SzajdakAgriculture transforms the environment. The simplification of agroecosystems structure increases the hazards of leaching, wind and water erosion, and volatilization of chemicals from soil. Soil nitrogen is of interest as a major crop nutrient, but also as a potential environmental pollutant. Knowledge about the behavior of soil nitrogen is desirable in order to optimize plant growth and crop yield and to minimize environmental side effects. This book also gives information about the function of biogeochemical barriers in the form of shelterbelts, which efficiently decrease the concentrations of various forms of nitrogen in ground water.
Nitrogen Management in Crop Production
by Nand Kumar FageriaOne of the main approaches for safeguarding food security, sustainable development has increased demand for knowledge on fertilizer management in crop production. Among essential plant nutrients, nitrogen is one of the most important yield-limiting nutrients, mainly responsible for determining yield and yield components in cereals and legumes. It i
Nitrogen Removal Characteristics of Aerobic Denitrifying Bacteria and Their Applications in Nitrogen Oxides Emission Mitigation (Springer Theses)
by Maosheng ZhengThis book systematically investigates the nitrogen removal characteristics of two screened aerobic denitrifying bacteria and their applications in nitrogen oxides emissions reduction. It reveals that Pseudomonas stutzeri PCN-1 possesses excellent capacity for aerobic nitrogen removal, regardless of whether nitrate, nitrite or N2O were taken as denitrification substrates. It also demonstrates that the rapid N2O reduction is due to the coordinate expression of denitrification genes. Further, the book discusses the bioaugmentation experiments conducted in denitrifying SBR and a pilot-scale Carrousel oxidation ditch, which confirmed that the strain could significantly enhance denitrification performance, reduce N2O emission and improve system stability. The second strain, P.aeruginosa PCN-2 accumulated negligible NO during aerobic nitrate and nitrite removal and efficiently removed NO from flue gas. This study is of great significance for potential applications of aerobic denitrification in mitigating nitrogen oxides emissions from biological nitrogen removal systems.
Nitrogen-Rich Polycyclic-Based Energetic Materials
by Guangbin Cheng Hongwei Yang Jie TangThis book describes the design, synthesis, performance and practical application of energetic materials. The book consists of thirteen chapters demonstrating the design routes of nitrogen-rich polycyclic-based energetic materials that are bicyclic, tricyclic and tetracyclic-based. It presents the synthesis of the energetic backbone, the construction of linkage and the introduction of energetic units, which could have a positive impact on the chemistry of not only on high-energy-density materials but also in other fields. The book also provides detailed analysis of the experimental methods discussed. Work in this area will benefit from the combine expertise from organic, inorganic and physical chemistry as well as other connected disciplines. As such this book has wide appeal and will help in increasing fundamental knowledge of nitrogen-rich heterocycles to eventually allow for this knowledge to be transferred into industrial applications.
Nitroxides: Brief History, Fundamentals, and Recent Developments (Springer Series in Materials Science #292)
by Gertz I. LikhtenshteinWritten by a pioneer in the development of spin labeling in biophysics, this expert book covers the fundamentals of nitroxide spin labeling through cutting-edge applications in chemistry, physics, materials science, molecular biology, and biomedicine. Nitroxides have earned their place as one of the most popular organic paramagnets due to their suitability as inhibitors of oxidative processes, as a means to polarize magnetic nuclei, and, in molecular biology, as probes and labels to understand molecular structures and dynamics AS DRAGS FOR CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES. Beginning with an overview of the basic methodology and nitroxides’ 145-year history, this book equips students with necessary background and techniques to undertake original research and industry work in this growing field.
Nitsche-Planungs-Atlas: Planung und Berechnung verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen
by Manfred NitscheDieses Fachbuch erläutert die Vorgehensweise beim Planen und Bauen einer verfahrenstechnischen Anlage. Eine verfahrenstechnische Planung besteht aus der Berechnung und Auslegung von Apparaten, Maschinen und Hilfsanlagen sowie der Organisation des Planungsablaufs. Aus diesem Grund werden in diesem Werk auch die verfahrenstechnischen Berechnungen sowie der organisatorische Ablauf in der Praxis behandelt - unter Berücksichtigung der jeweiligen Vorschriften in dem Land und ergänzt durch zahlreiche Beispiele. Ein Wärmetauscher, eine Kolonne oder ein Reaktor muss berechnet werden. Für die ausgelegten Apparate und Maschinen werden die Anfragen spezifiziert. Auch Rohrleitungen, Pumpen und Regelventile müssen ausgelegt werden. Hier ist Kreativität gefragt, Probleme müssen gelöst werden. Die Betriebsmittelversorgung muss sichergestellt sein. Auch die wirtschaftlichen Anforderungen müssen mit den physikalischen Gesetzen und den Vorschriften in den verschiedenen Ländern in Einklang gebracht werden.
The NMR Probe of High-Tc Materials and Correlated Electron Systems
by Russell E. WalstedtThis new edition updates readers in three areas of NMR studies, namely, recent developments in high-Tc materials, heavy fermion systems and actinide oxides are presented. The NMR probe has yielded a vast array of data for solid state materials, corresponding to different compounds, ionic sites, and nuclear species, as well as to a wide variety of experimental conditions. The last two parts of the book are completely new in this edition, while the first part has seen major updates.This edition features the latest developments for high-Tc materials, especially the advances in the area of pseudogap studies are reviewed. An in depth overview of heavy fermion systems is presented in the second part, notably Kondo lattices, quantum critical points and unconventional superconductivity are areas of intense research recently and are covered extensively. Finally, valuable information from NMR studies with actinide oxides will be provided.Ongoing analysis and discussion of NMR data have resulted in a wealth of important insights into the physics of these exotic systems. The aims of this monograph are manyfold. First, it reviews NMR methodology as it has been applied to the different studies. This is addressed to NMR practitioners and to physics laypersons alike. Next, it presents a review of NMR measurements and the wide variety of phenomena which they represent. The third phase is to recount the theoretical model calculations and other proposals which have been put forward to account for these data.