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Odour and Ammonia Emissions from Livestock Farming
by V. C. Nielsen J. H. Voorburg P. L’HermiteProceedings of a seminar held in Silsoe, UK, 26-28 March 1990.
Odour in Textiles: Generation and Control (Textile Institute Professional Publications)
by G. ThilagavathiOdour in Textiles: Generation and Control presents the essential science and mechanisms behind the formation of odours in textiles. It discusses consumer perception of odour in clothing, the mechanism of odour formation in the skin, and the role of textile fibres and structures in odour formation. It also discusses odour controls and testing methods available for measurement of odours in textiles. Features: • Fills a gap in the literature as the first book to focus on textile and odour interaction • Discusses microbiological aspects of odour formation in simple terms • Details the role of textile fibres and structures on odour formation • Describes various testing methods, standards, and regulatory norms for odour analysis This book will appeal to a broad audience, including industry professionals in the textiles industry, hygiene and health care, the chemical and finishing industry, and odour measurement and testing. It will also interest advanced students and research scholars studying textile engineering, clothing science, and fashion design.
Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming
by V. C. Nielsen J. H. Voorburg P. L’HermiteAn important aspect of the treatment of sludges and slurries is the emission of odour. International cooperation in odour control and odour measurement is only possible if the results are comparable. For this reason, Working Party I of the COST Project 681 established a sub-group to study the international development of odour measurement techniques. The inventory made by this sub-group resulted in a proposal for a workshop on olfactometric measurement in order (1) to exchange experiences with different olfactometers, and (2) to consider the possibilities of more harmonised measurement. As odour measurement is not a goal in itself but a step on the way to odour control, it was decided to combine this workshop with a workshop of the FAO Sub-network 2 devoted to reduction of odour in animal farming.
Odyssey: Young Charles Darwin, The Beagle, and The Voyage that Changed the World
by Tom ChaffinAn illuminating and lively narrative of Charles Darwin&’s formative years and adventurous voyage aboard the H.M.S. Beagle.Charles Darwin—alongside Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein—ranks among the world's most famous scientists. In popular imagination, he peers at us from behind a bushy white Old Testament beard. This image of Darwin the Sage, however, crowds out the vital younger man whose curiosities, risk-taking, and travels aboard HMS Beagle would shape his later theories and served as the foundation of his scientific breakthroughs. Though storied, the Beagle's voyage is frequently misunderstood, its mission and geographical breadth unacknowledged. The voyage's activities associated with South America—particularly its stop in the Galapagos archipelago, off Ecuador&’s coast—eclipse the fact that the Beagle, sailing in Atlantic, Pacific and Indian ocean waters, also circumnavigated the globe. Mere happenstance placed Darwin aboard the Beagle—an invitation to sail as a conversation companion on natural-history topics for the ship's depression-prone captain. Darwin was only twenty-two years old, an unproven, unknown, aspiring geologist when the ship embarked on what stretched into its five-year voyage. Moreover, conducting marine surveys of distance ports and coasts, the Beagle's purposes were only inadvertently scientific. And with no formal shipboard duties or rank, Darwin, after arranging to meet the Beagle at another port, often left the ship to conduct overland excursions. Those outings, lasting weeks, even months, took him across mountains, pampas, rainforests, and deserts. An expert horseman and marksman, he won the admiration of gauchos he encountered along the way. Yet another rarely acknowledged aspect of Darwin's Beagle travels, he also visited, often lingered in, cities—including Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Santiago, Lima, Sydney, and Cape Town; and left colorful, often sharply opinionated, descriptions of them and his interactions with their residents. In the end, Darwin spent three-fifths of his five-year "voyage" on land—three years and three months on terra firma versus a total 533 days on water. Acclaimed historian Tom Chaffin reveals young Darwin in all his complexities—the brashness that came from his privileged background, the Faustian bargain he made with Argentina's notorious caudillo Juan Manuel de Rosas, his abhorrence of slavery, and his ambition to carve himself a place amongst his era's celebrated travelers and intellectual giants. Drawing on a rich array of sources— in a telling of an epic story that surpasses in breadth and intimacy the naturalist's own Voyage of the Beagle—Chaffin brings Darwin's odyssey to vivid life.
Odyssey of Light in Nonlinear Optical Fibers: Theory and Applications
by Kuppuswamy Porsezian Ramanathan GanapathyOdyssey of Light in Nonlinear Optical Fibers: Theory and Applications presents a collection of breakthrough research portraying the odyssey of light from optical solitons to optical rogue waves in nonlinear optical fibers. The book provides a simple yet holistic view on the theoretical and application-oriented aspects of light, with a special focus on the underlying nonlinear phenomena. <P><P>Exploring the very frontiers of light-wave technology, the text covers the basics of nonlinear fiberoptics and the dynamics of electromagnetic pulse propagation in nonlinear waveguides. It also highlights some of the latest advances in nonlinear optical fiber technology, discussing hidden symmetry reductions and Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (AKNS) hierarchies for nonautonomous solitons, state-of-the-art Brillouin scattering applications, backpropagation, and the concept of eigenvalue communication—a powerful nonlinear digital signal processing technique that paves the way to overcome the current limitations of traditional communications methods in nonlinear fiber channels. <P><P>Key chapters study the feasibility of the eigenvalue demodulation scheme based on digital coherent technology by throwing light on the experimental study of the noise tolerance of the demodulated eigenvalues, investigate matter wave solitons and other localized excitations pertaining to Bose–Einstein condensates in atom optics, and examine quantum field theory analogue effects occurring in binary waveguide arrays, plasmonic arrays, etc., as well as their ensuing nonlinear wave propagation. Featuring a foreword by Dr. Akira Hasegawa, the father of soliton communication systems, Odyssey of Light in Nonlinear Optical Fibers: Theory and Applications serves as a curtain raiser to usher in the photonics era. The technological innovations at the core of the book form the basis for the next generation of ultra-high speed computers and telecommunication devices.
Oenology in Practice: Chemistry of Wines and Winemaking Protocols
by George Z. Kyzas Fragkiskos PapageorgiouThis textbook offers a comprehensive and practical guide to oenology, detailing the scientific principles and techniques essential for producing various types of wines. It provides in-depth discussions on the chemistry behind wines and winemaking processes. Starting with an introductory overview, the textbook examines the fundamental components of wine chemistry, such as alcohols, acids, and phenolic compounds. It then explores a range of winemaking methodologies, from traditional approaches to modern innovations, including detailed protocols for producing diverse wine types. Special attention is given to analytical methodologies crucial for assessing wine quality and authenticity, discussing parameters like sugars, acids, and phenolic content, as well as addressing potential adulterations. In the final sections, readers will gain insights into the role of oenological additives in shaping wine characteristics and their application in vinification processes. The last chapter covers the essentials of wine tasting, including setup, steps, sensory evaluation, types of tests, and the science behind flavors and aromas. Tailored for students, researchers, and oenology professionals, this textbook is also ideal for wine enthusiasts seeking to deepen their understanding of the scientific principles behind wine production and tasting.
Of Ants and Men
by David G. GreenWhy do things go wrong? Why, despite all the planning and care in the world, do things go from bad to worse? This book argues that it is because we are like the ants. Just as ants create an anthill without being aware of it, unintended side effects of human activity create all manner of social trends and crises. The book traces the way these trends emerge and the role they play in some of the major issues of our time. One of the greatest challenges today is the complexity of our social and economic systems. Every action has side effects that people often ignore or fail to see. The book examines the ways in which limitations in our thinking and behaviour lead to unintended side effects. It looks at the role played by complex networks of interactions. Finally, it looks at the way side effects of new technologies, especially computers and communication, have created an Information Revolution, the full repercussions of which are yet to be seen. In our race to create new technologies and sustain indefinite economic growth, we are at best dimly aware of the ways in which we are transforming society and threatening our environment.
Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs: Toward a Theory of Sociotechnical Change
by Wiebe E. BijkerThis book integrates detailed case studies with theoretical generalizations and political analyses to offer a fully rounded treatment both of the relations between technology and society and of the issues involved in sociotechnical change.
Of Cabbages and Kings: The History of Allotments
by Caroline Foley“An excellent account” of Britain’s tradition of parceling out land for the public to grow food on, and the colorful history behind it (The Independent).This lively book tells the story of the private garden plots known as allotments—from their origin in the seventeenth century, when new enclosures that deprived the peasantry of access to common lands were fiercely protested, to the victory gardens of the world wars, and into the present day, when they serve less as a means of survival than as a respite from the modern world. While delving into the effects of the Napoleonic Wars, the Corn Laws, and the utopian dissenters known as the Diggers, the author reveals the multiple roles of allotments—and champions their history in the hope of protecting them for the future. “Foley’s book reminds us that the right to share the earth has always been an asymmetric struggle.” —The Guardian“Fascinating and handsomely illustrated.” —Daily Mail“Well-told . . . . [a] gallop through the history of useful rather than ornamental crops.” —Spectator Australia
Of Monsters and Madness
by Jessica VerdayA romantic, historical retelling of classic Gothic horror featuring Edgar Allan Poe and his character Annabel Lee, from a New York Times best-selling author.Annabel Lee is summoned from Siam to live with her father in 1820's Philadelphia shortly after her mother's death, but an unconventional upbringing makes her repugnant to her angry, secretive father.Annabel becomes infatuated with her father's assistant Allan, who dabbles in writing when he's not helping with medical advancements. But in darker hours, when she's not to be roaming the house, she encounters the devilish assistant Edgar, who bears an uncanny resemblance to Allan, and who others insist doesn't exist. A rash of murders across Philadelphia, coupled with her father's strange behavior, leads Annabel to satisfy her curiosity and uncover a terrible truth: Edgar and Allan are two halves of the same person - and they are about to make the crimes detailed in Allan's stories come to life. Unless Annabel stops them.
Of Stones and Man: From the Pharaohs to the Present Day
by Jean KeriselOf Stones and Man explores the many errors of judgement made by civilizations both ancient and modern across the world. Arrogance and a penchant for excess drove mankind to build ever greater and more ambitious edifices. The author analyzes these works from a scientific and historically-sensitive perspective, highlighting the hydro-geological background to repeated infamous disasters, from the faults inherent in the Sphinx to the leaning Tower of Pisa. Beautifully illustrated throughout, Of Stones and Man is a testament to the impermanence of our surroundings. It questions how the earth and its resources have borne the cumulative burden placed upon it over the ages by one civilization after another, and how, in turn, the earth has exacted its inevitable revenge on the great constructions of our ancestors. Of Stones and Man is the final work of Jean Kerisel (1908-2005) who served as President of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering from 1973 to 1977, and who worked worldwide as a consultant on many ambitious engineering projects. Driven by his great passion for Ancient Builders and Egyptology, Kerisel here extends his professional knowledge into the realms of historical architecture.
Ofdm Based Relay Systems for Future Wireless Communications (River Publishers Series In Communications Ser.)
by Milica Pejanovic-Djurisic Enis Kocan Ramjee PrasadRelay systems have become a subject of intensive research interest over the recent years, as it is recognized that they can improve performances and extend the coverage area of wireless communication systems. Special attention has been dedicated to them since the proposal appeared for their implementation in mobile cellular systems. Numerous researches conducted after that proposal have enabled incorporation of OFDM based relay systems in both accepted standards for IMT-Advanced systems. Nowadays, researches are ongoing with the aim to define new solutions for performance improvement of the standardized OFDM relay systems for cellular networks and one of the interesting solutions is implementation of subcarrier permutation (SCP) at the relay (R) station.The book OFDM based relay systems for future wireless communications presents a comprehensive research results in analyzing behavior and performance of the OFDM based relay systems with SCP. Dual-hop relay scenario with three communication terminals, and no direct link between the source (S) and the destination (D) has been analyzed, as it is compliant with the accepted solutions for IMT-Advanced systems. The book includes performance analysis and performance comparison of OFDM based:• amplify-and-forward (AF) relay systems with fixed gain (FG),• amplify-and-forward (AF) relay systems with variable gain (VG),• decode-and-forward (DF) relay systems,each including two SCP schemes, known to maximize the system capacity and/or improve the bit error rate (BER) performances. Performance comparisons have enabled definition of optimal solutions for the future wireless communication systems in a given conditions, and for the given optimality criteria. OFDM based relay systems for future wireless communications contains recent research results in this area and is ideal for the academic staff and master/research students in area of mobile communication systems, as well as for the personnel in communication industry.
Off-Grid Electrical Systems in Developing Countries
by Henry LouieThis book provides students and practicing engineers with a comprehensive guide to off-grid electrification: from microgrids and energy kiosks to solar home systems and solar lanterns. As the off-grid electrification industry grows, universities are starting and expanding courses and programs in humanitarian engineering and appropriate technology. However, there is no textbook that serves this growing market. This book fills that gap by providing a technical foundation of off-grid electrical systems, putting into context the technical aspects for developing countries, and discussing best practices by utilizing real-world data. Chapters expertly integrate the technical aspects of off-grid systems with lessons learned from industry-practitioners taking a pragmatic, data-driven perspective. A variety of off-grid systems and technologies are discussed, including solar, wind, hydro, generator sets, biomass systems, battery storage and converters. Realistic examples, case studies and practical considerations from actual systems highlight the interaction of off-grid systems with the economic, environmental, social and broader development aspects of rural electrification. Whole chapters are dedicated to the operation and control of mini-grids, load and resource estimation, and design of off-grid systems. Special topics focused on electricity access in developing countries are included, such as energy use in rural communities, technical and economic considerations of grid extension, electricity theft, metering, and best practices devoted to common problems. Each chapter is instructor friendly and contains illustrative examples and problems that reinforce key concepts. Complex, open-ended design problems throughout the book challenge the reader to think critically and deeply. The book is appropriate for use in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses related to electrical and energy engineering, humanitarian engineering, and appropriate technology.Provides a technical foundation of off-grid electrical systems;Contextualizes the technical aspects for developing countries;Captures the current and state-of-the art in this rapidly developing field.
Off-Grid Solar Electrification in Africa: A Critical Perspective (Energy, Climate and the Environment)
by Nathanael OjongThis book evaluates off-grid solar electrification in Africa by examining how political, economic, institutional, and social forces shape the adoption of off-grid solar technologies, including how issues of energy injustice are manifested at different levels and spaces. The book takes a historical, contemporary, and projective outlook using case studies from pre- and ongoing electrification communities in non-Western countries such as Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, Senegal, Malawi, Tanzania, and Nigeria. Beyond the diverse nature of these countries in terms of their geographical location in West, East, and Southern Africa, each offers a different experience in terms of colonial history, economic and institutional infrastructure, social and cultural context, and level of adoption of off-grid solar technologies. Notably, the book contributes to the off-grid solar and energy justice scholarship in low-income non-Western contexts. It examines various approaches to energy justice and does so by engaging with Western and non-Western philosophical notions of the concept. It takes into consideration the major principles of Ubuntu philosophy with the adoption of off-grid solar technologies, hence enriching the energy justice framework. Finally, the book interrogates the degree to which the social mission that catalysed the expansion of the off-grid solar sector is being undermined by broader structural dynamics of the capital investment upon which it is reliant. It also argues that the ascendance of off-grid solar electrification in Africa is transformative in that it enables millions of people without access to or facing uncertainties linked to centralised grid energy to have access to basic energy services.
Off-Grid Water Supply: Should It Be Mainstreamed? (SpringerBriefs on Case Studies of Sustainable Development)
by Pawan K. Sachdeva Asit K. Biswas Cecilia Tortajada Ojasvee Arora Eva Leneveu Rehan Adamjee Anuj SharmaThis book highlights unique and deeper insights into the operations of off-grid water supply business models and the policy implications that they raise. The two key research questions of the report are as follows: 1) What is the efficacy and sustainability of the off-grid model of safe water availability and/or delivery to consumers who don’t have piped water supply? 2) What are the key policy considerations for planning a successful off-grid model of safe water delivery? Through the Four-Domain Framework, this book does the gap analysis of the physical, operational, financial, and institutional domains of the few off-grid water operators in cross-country case studies. It also includes a detailed financial analysis of the capital costs as well as operations and maintenance costs of the different off-grid water supply models compared to some of the piped water supply models. The final discusses the need to acknowledge off-grid water solutions in urban water policies, especially for the economically weaker sections. The universal coverage of all by the piped water is an ultimate goal of any water policy; however, in the interim, there is a need to put more emphasis on off-grid water solutions.
Off-highway Haulage in Surface Mines: Proceedings of the international symposium, Edmonton, 15-17 May 1989
by Tad S Golosinski Val SrajerFirst published in 1989. This volume includes papers of an International Symposium on "Off-Highway Haulage in Surface Mines" held in Edmonton, Canada, May 1989. They take up truck dispatch, fleet management, equipment, operations and safety, and haulroads.
Off-Site Enhanced Biogas Production with Concomitant Pathogen Removal from Faecal Matter (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Joy Nyawira RiunguGlobally, 2.7 billion people are using onsite sanitation systems, particularly in low income, high density settlements (LIHDS) in urban areas of developing countries. However, treatment technologies to manage the faecal sludge (FS) generated from these systems are often not in place, leading to high risks for environmental and public health. The development of replicable and effective technologies for FS treatment is key in addressing this challenge. This research focused on development of an innovative FS stabilisation technology and addressed key constraints in anaerobic FS treatment: inadequate pathogen inactivation and limitations in biochemical energy recovery. The developed two-stage reactor system consists of an acidogenic reactor fed with mixtures of FS and market waste to facilitate pathogen inactivation, and a subsequent methanogenic plug-flow reactor for enhanced methane production. Due to its potential for application as an off-site FS treatment technology at any scale, receiving any type of faecal matter, collected from different types of sanitary systems, the system provides an option for FS stabilisation for LIHDS. Additionally, the research evaluated the limitations of sanitation provision in LIHDS, and proposes methods for creating an enabling environment for full-scale implementation of onsite systems. The presented results contribute to designing appropriate sanitation interventions in LIHDS.
Off the Network: Disrupting the Digital World (Electronic Mediations #41)
by Ulises Ali MejiasThe digital world profoundly shapes how we work and consume and also how we play, socialize, create identities, and engage in politics and civic life. Indeed, we are so enmeshed in digital networks—from social media to cell phones—that it is hard to conceive of them from the outside or to imagine an alternative, let alone defy their seemingly inescapable power and logic. Yes, it is (sort of) possible to quit Facebook. But is it possible to disconnect from the digital network—and why might we want to? Off the Network is a fresh and authoritative examination of how the hidden logic of the Internet, social media, and the digital network is changing users&’ understanding of the world—and why that should worry us. Ulises Ali Mejias also suggests how we might begin to rethink the logic of the network and question its ascendancy. Touted as consensual, inclusive, and pleasurable, the digital network is also, Mejias says, monopolizing and threatening in its capacity to determine, commodify, and commercialize so many aspects of our lives. He shows how the network broadens participation yet also exacerbates disparity—and how it excludes more of society than it includes. Uniquely, Mejias makes the case that it is not only necessary to challenge the privatized and commercialized modes of social and civic life offered by corporate-controlled spaces such as Facebook and Twitter, but that such confrontations can be mounted from both within and outside the network. The result is an uncompromising, sophisticated, and accessible critique of the digital world that increasingly dominates our lives.
Off-Track and Online: The Networked Spaces of Horse Racing
by Holly KruseHow horse racing's pioneering use of communication and information networks helped shape the modern media, information, and leisure environment. The horse racing industry has been a pioneer in interactive media, information networks, and their deployment. The race track and the off-track betting parlor offer interactive media environments that reconfigure the relationships among private and public space and presence and copresence. In this book, Holly Kruse explores how horse racing has used media over the last several decades, arguing that examining the history and context of horse racing and gambling gives us a clearer understanding of the development of data networks, media complexes, public entertainment, and media publics.Kruse describes an enormous industry that depends on global information and communication flows made possible by a network linking racetracks, homes, off-track betting, farms, and auction sites. Racetrack architecture now allows for the presence of screens, most showing races from other locations. Online betting sites enable bettors to wager from home. Off-track betting facilities collect wagers on races from all over the country. Odds are set interactively through the pari-mutuel market system. Kruse considers the uses of public space, and its redefinition by public screens; the effect of interactive media on the racing industry, including networked, in-home betting; the “technopanic” over online poker and the popularity of in-home pari-mutuel wagering; and the use of social media by racing fans to share information and creative work with no financial payoff.
Offense, Defense, and War
by Michael E. Brown Owen R. Coté Sean M. Lynn-Jones Steven E. MillerOffense-defense theory argues that the relative ease of offense and defense varies in international politics. When the offense has the advantage, military conquest becomes easier and war is more likely; the opposite is true when the defense has the advantage. The balance between offense and defense depends on geography, technology, and other factors. This theory, and the body of related theories, has generated much debate and research over the past twenty-five years. This book presents a comprehensive overview of offense-defense theory. It includes contending views on the theory and some of the most recent attempts to refine and test it.
Öffentliches Baurecht und die Genehmigungsvoraussetzungen: Schnelleinstieg für Architekten und Bauingenieure (essentials)
by Christoph ConradChristoph Conrad gibt einen ersten Überblick über die komplexe Materie des Bauplanungs- und Bauordnungsrechts und erläutert wesentliche Begriffe anhand zahlreicher praktischer Beispiele. Das essential erleichtert den Einstieg in die komplexen Genehmigungsverfahren nach den Landesbauordnungen und zeigt die beim Bauantrag und dem damit verbundenen Genehmigungsverfahren zu beachtenden Regelungen.Der Autor:Christoph Conrad ist Fachanwalt für Bau- und Architektenrecht sowie Fachanwalt für Verwaltungsrecht und seit 1992 auf den Gebieten des öffentlichen Baurechts tätig. Er berät Aufraggeber, Auftragnehmer, Architekten und Bauingenieure.
Office Building Safety and Health
by Charles D. ReeseMost workers spend the majority of their day in an office building environment. Protecting office workers from safety, health, and security risks is a key task of many safety and health professionals, particularly those responsible for the management of very large office complexes and high rise buildings. This book provides a comprehensive look at
Office Ergonomics: Ease and Efficiency at Work, Second Edition
by Anne D. Kroemer Karl H.E. KroemerOffice ergonomics – whether we realize it or not – directly or indirectly affects every one of us. It is the study of the work we do, the environment we work in, and the tools we use to successfully perform our jobs. Office ergonomics helps us be comfortable and safe at work, which reduces the risk of injury, lowers stress, increases personal engagement, and raises overall work performance. This book embraces and addresses the new reality of the traditional ‘office’ work, which is ever changing and evolving, and offers tactical recommendations on how to make non-traditional office settings more comfortable. This book suggests how to Set up the office, wherever that may be – at a company site, at home, at a corner café, on a commuter train Interact with colleagues Organize and pace work Select and arrange equipment and furniture Maintain the physical climate – lighting, sound, heating and cooling The book is a practical one, based on sound theory and solid research. Written for non-engineers as well as those in the industry, it has a conversational tone, reflects true-life situations that office workers face, and is adaptable to multiple office settings. While budding ergonomists will find it educational, office managers and designers will benefit from it as well. You will find ten fast-paced chapters, augmented with brief case studies and illustrations, and capped off with a series of practical design recommendations. Three appendices delve into ergonomic topics with more thorough details. This book suggests how best to achieve a harmonious work scenario by optimizing the ‘fit’ between the person and his or her environment. This, in a nutshell, is what ergonomics is all about: working with ease and efficiency.
Office Ergonomics
by Karl H.E. KroemerOffice workers form a large and growing proportion of the workforce, especially with the growth of the service sector. Almost all of us work in computerised offices, and have become strongly attached to these machines. We wish to be productive and successful, satisfied with our work, get along with our fellow workers; we do not want to suffer aches
Office Ergonomics: Practical Applications
by Celine McKeownMoving from theory into practical reality, ergonomics has come of age as a useful tool for generating safe, comfortable, and productive working environments. Tackling both the simple and complex aspects of a variety of workplaces, Office Ergonomics: Practical Applications demonstrates how to create offices that accommodate all workers. The b