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Organic and Carbon Gels: From Laboratory Synthesis to Applications (Advances in Sol-Gel Derived Materials and Technologies)
by Ana Arenillas J. Angel Menéndez Gudrun Reichenauer Alain Celzard Vanessa Fierro Francisco José Maldonado Hodar Esther Bailόn-Garcia Nathalie JobThis expert volume provides specialized coverage of the current state of the art in carbon gels. Carbon gels represent a promising class of materials with high added value applications and many assets, like the ability to accurately tailor their structure, porosity, and surface composition and easily dope them with numerous species. The ability to obtain them in custom shapes, such as powder, beads, monoliths, or impregnated scaffolds opens the way towards numerous applications, including catalysis, adsorption, and electrochemical energy storage, among others. Nevertheless, it remains a crucial question as to which design synthesis and manufacturing processes are viable from an economic and environmental point of view. The book represents the perspectives of renowned specialists in the field, specially invited to conduct a one-day workshop devoted to carbon gels as part of the 19th International Sol-Gel Conference, SOL-GEL 2017, held on September 3rd, 2017 in Liège, Belgium.Addressing properties and synthesis through applications and industry outlook, this book represents essential reading for advanced graduate students through practicing researchers interested in these exciting materials.
Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells
by Hui Huang Jinsong HuangThis book delivers a comprehensive evaluation of organic and hybrid solar cells and identifies their fundamental principles and numerous applications. Great attention is given to the charge transport mechanism, donor and acceptor materials, interfacial materials, alternative electrodes, device engineering and physics, and device stability. The authors provide an industrial perspective on the future of photovoltaic technologies.
Organic and Inorganic Coatings for Corrosion Prevention: Research and Experience, Papers from EUROCORR '96
by L. FedrizziOrganic and Inorganic Coatings for Corrosion Prevention - Research and Experiences is a collection of Papers from EUROCORR '96 and published for the European Federation of Corrosion by The Institute of Materials. In the session on Coatings the following topics were discussed: • Life-time prediction of organic coatings; • Environmentally friendly coatings; • Testing; and • Surface preparation techniques. This book contains a selection of the scientific work presented in the Conference with the aim of focusing on the research developments in the frame of corrosion protection coatings for industrial use. The book is in four sections describing, respectively, organic coatings, zinc coatings, other metallic coatings and ceramic coatings.
Organic and Inorganic Light Emitting Diodes: Reliability Issues and Performance Enhancement
by T. D Subash J Ajayan Wladek GrabinskiThis book covers a comprehensive range of topics on the physical mechanisms of LEDs (light emitting diodes), scattering effects, challenges in fabrication and efficient enhancement techniques in organic and inorganic LEDs. It deals with various reliability issues in organic/inorganic LEDs like trapping and scattering effects, packaging failures, efficiency droops, irradiation effects, thermal degradation mechanisms, and thermal degradation processes. Features: Provides insights into the improvement of performance and reliability of LEDs Highlights the optical power improvement mechanisms in LEDs Covers the challenges in fabrication and packaging of LEDs Discusses pertinent failures and degradation mechanisms Includes droop minimization techniques This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in LEDs, illumination engineering, optoelectronics, and polymer/organic materials.
Organic and Inorganic Materials Based Sensors, 3 Volumes
by Sangita Das Sabu Thomas Partha Pratim DasOrganic and Inorganic Materials Based Sensors A three-volume comprehensive overview of the development and applications of various novel potent molecular sensor frameworks In Organic and Inorganic Materials Based Sensors (3 Volume Set), a team of distinguished researchers delivers an interdisciplinary presentation of the engineering of high-performance biopolymer-based bio-nanocomposites, as well as strategies for the use of various molecules in the detection of environmentally important guest analytes. This three-volume book explores the most relevant technological developments in nanomaterials sensors and offers a broad and comprehensive overview of cutting-edge research on advanced materials in the fast-moving sensors industry. The authors explain the science behind nanomaterials for environmental remediation as well as the components and ingredients of the relevant materials. Readers will also find: Thorough introductions to sensory devices, polymer-based nano-biomaterials, and opto-electrochemical devices Comprehensive explorations of metal–organic frameworks, organic sensors, and organic–inorganic composite semiconductor sensors Practical discussions of vapochromic and vapoluminescent sensors Fulsome treatments of sensor ecosystems for health self-monitoring, including discussions of diabetes management Perfect for materials scientists, mechanical engineers, and analytical chemists, Organic and Inorganic Materials Based Sensors will also benefit inorganic and organic chemists, robotics engineers, and professionals working in the sensor industry.
Organic and Molecular Electronics: From Principles to Practice
by Michael C. PettyAn introduction to the interdisciplinary subject of molecular electronics, revised and updated The revised second edition of Organic and Molecular Electronics offers a guide to the fabrication and application of a wide range of electronic devices based around organic materials and low-cost technologies. Since the publication of the first edition, organic electronics has greatly progressed, as evidenced by the myriad companies that have been established to explore the new possibilities. The text contains an introduction into the physics and chemistry of organic materials, and includes a discussion of the means to process the materials into a form (in most cases, a thin film) where they can be exploited in electronic and optoelectronic devices. The text covers the areas of application and potential application that range from chemical and biochemical sensors to plastic light emitting displays. The updated second edition reflects the recent progress in both organic and molecular electronics and: Offers an accessible resource for a wide range of readers Contains a comprehensive text that covers topics including electrical conductivity, optical phenomena, electroactive organic compounds, tools for molecular electronics and much more Includes illustrative examples based on the most recent research Presents problems at the end of each chapter to help reinforce key points Written mainly for engineering students, Organic and Molecular Electronics: From Principles to Practice provides an updated introduction to the interdisciplinary subjects of organic electronics and molecular electronics with detailed examples of applications.
Organic Aquaculture: Impacts and Future Developments
by Giuseppe Lembo Elena MenteThis book addresses, reviews and evaluates key themes in organic aquaculture and is set out to show how these relate to the challenges and bottlenecks for a responsible organic aquaculture production in Europe. The key themes reflect the main challenges facing the organic aquaculture industry: guarantee and certification system, nutrition, reproduction, production system design and animal welfare. In addition, it assesses the impact of new and future potential development of new knowledge to update and modify the criteria and standards for organic aquaculture. Organic aquaculture is an alternative production approach driven by the growing interest in sustainable utilization of resources. It is rightly viewed as an important contributor to the economy and to the well-being and health of communities. This work will contribute to the scientific knowledge that needs to strengthen effective organic aquaculture. The collation of information on research and data will be of applied value to researchers, university students, end users and policy authorities in the EU and worldwide.
The Organic Backyard Vineyard: A Step-by-Step Guide to Growing Your Own Grapes
by Tom PowersInterest in wine shows no signs of slowing down—wine tours, tastings, and vacations are now common and homeowners often have space dedicated to their collection. The logical next step? Learning to grow and make your own.In The Organic Backyard Vineyard expert Tom Powers walks the small grower through the entire process of growing grapes, with a month-by-month maintenance guide covering all regions of the U.S. and Canada. He explains everything a beginning grape grower needs to know: how to design and build a vineyard, how to select grapes for each region, how to maximize yield using organic maintenance techniques, how to build a trellis, how to harvest at peak flavor, and how to store grapes for winemaking.This edition includes organic growing information and all new photography.
Organic-Based Nanomaterials in Food Packaging
by Shahid Ul Islam Kaiser Younis Owais YousufThe use of nanomaterials in food packaging is a rapidly advancing area with massive potential for increasing shelf life and improving the safety of food products. Up to this point there has not been a suitable reference work covering the basic modules of organic-based nanomaterials in food packaging. This work documents organic nanomaterials and their synthesis; Characterization, composition and structure of organic nanomaterials; Mechanical properties of organic nanomaterials; Cellulose, Starch, Chitosan, protein and conjugated organic nanomaterials for food packaging plus nano emulsions for edible coating and the overall safety and regulatory aspects of organic nanomaterials. Organic-Based Nanomaterials in Food Packaging is designed to serve researchers, students in food science and technology and food processing, and food industry professionals as well. With chapters covering the synthesis of organic nanomaterials, characterization, composition and structure of organic nanomaterials, mechanical properties and an overview of organic-based nanomaterials use in food packaging, cellulose, starch, chitosan and protein -based nanomaterials are covered. Further chapters focus on conjugated organic nanomaterials, nano emulsions for edible coating and the safety and regulatory issues of organic nanomaterials. For researchers, students and the professionals looking for a full and up-to-date overview of organic based nanomaterials in food packaging, this book serves as an excellent source.
Organic Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment: Distribution, Persistence, and Toxicity
by Alasdair H. NeilsonOrganic Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment draws from the author's experience with a variety of problems dealing with the fate, distribution, and toxicity of organic compounds in the aquatic environment. It discusses the basic issues of chemical analysis, distribution, persistence, and ecotoxicology, with an emphasis on microbial reactions. The necessary input and the difficulties of achieving a rigorous synthesis of the various elements are illustrated with specific examples. The book includes a wide range of structurally diverse compounds as illustration and presents a mechanistic approach to biodegradation and biotransformation. The final chapter addresses the issue of environmental hazard assessment and constructs a strategy for carrying it out.
Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Mechanisms of Degradation and Transformation, Second Edition
by Alasdair H. Neilson Ann-Sofie AllardAddressing the persistent environmental threat of organic chemicals with a fresh approach to degradation and transformation processes, Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Mechanisms of Degradation and Transformation, Second Edition examines a wide range of compounds as well as abiotic and microbiological reactions mediated by microorganisms
Organic Chemistry from Retrosynthesis to Asymmetric Synthesis
by Vitomir Šunjić Vesna Petrović PerokovićThis book connects a retrosynthetic or disconnection approach with synthetic methods in the preparation of target molecules from simple, achiral ones to complex, chiral structures in the optically pure form. Retrosynthetic considerations and asymmetric syntheses are presented as closely related topics, often in the same chapter, underlining the importance of retrosynthetic consideration of target molecules neglecting stereochemistry and equipping readers to overcome the difficulties they may encounter in the planning and experimental implementation of asymmetric syntheses. This approach prepares students in advanced organic chemistry courses, and in particular young scientists working at academic and industrial laboratories, for independently solving synthetic problems and creating proposals for the synthesis of complex structures.
Organic Compounds in Natural Waters: Analysis and Determination
by T Roy CromptonThe potential health hazards that might arise from the presence of organic substances in water are a matter of increasing concern to the water industry, environmentalists and the general public alike. This comprehensive reference draws together and systematises the vast body of information available on the occurrence and determination of organic su
Organic Compounds in Soils, Sediments & Sludges: Analysis and Determination
by T Roy CromptonThe increasing awareness of the effects of pollutants in the eco-system and on the development of suitable methods of analysis has stimulated a lot of research recently. This volume comprehensively discusses the range of methods available for the analysis and determination of organic compounds in soils, river and marine sediments and industrial slu
Organic Conductors: Fundamentals and Applications
by Jean-Pierre FargesThis work examines all aspects of organic conductors, detailing recent theoretical concepts and current laboratory methods of synthesis, measurement, control and analysis. It describes advances in molecular-scale engineering, including switching and memory systems, Schottky and electroluminescent diodes, field-effect transistors, and photovoltaic devices and solar cells.
Organic Corrosion Inhibitors: Synthesis, Characterization, Mechanism, and Applications
by Chandrabhan Verma Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain Eno E. EbensoProvides comprehensive coverage of organic corrosion inhibitors used in modern industrial platforms, including current developments in the design of promising classes of organic corrosion inhibitors Corrosion is the cause of significant economic and safety-related problems that span across industries and applications, including production and processing operations, transportation and public utilities infrastructure, and oil and gas exploration. The use of organic corrosion inhibitors is a simple and cost-effective method for protecting processes, machinery, and materials while remaining environmentally acceptable. Organic Corrosion Inhibitors: Synthesis, Characterization, Mechanism, and Applications provides up-to-date coverage of all aspects of organic corrosion inhibitors, including their fundamental characteristics, synthesis, characterization, inhibition mechanism, and industrial applications. Divided into five sections, the text first covers the basics of corrosion and prevention, experimental and computational testing, and the differences between organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors. The next section describes various heterocyclic and non-heterocyclic corrosion inhibitors, followed by discussion of the corrosion inhibition characteristics of carbohydrates, amino acids, and other organic green corrosion inhibitors. The final two sections examine the corrosion inhibition properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide, and review the application of natural and synthetic polymers as corrosion inhibitors. Featuring contributions by leading researchers and scientists from academia and industry, this authoritative volume: Discusses the latest developments and issues in the area of corrosion inhibition, including manufacturing challenges and new industrial applications Explores the development and implementation of environmentally-friendly alternatives to traditional toxic corrosion inhibitors Covers both established and emerging classes of corrosion inhibitors as well as future research directions Describes the anticorrosive mechanisms and effects of acyclic, cyclic, natural, and synthetic corrosion inhibitors Offering an interdisciplinary approach to the subject, Organic Corrosion Inhibitors: Synthesis, Characterization, Mechanism, and Applications is essential reading for chemists, chemical engineers, researchers, industry professionals, and advanced students working in fields such as corrosion inhibitors, corrosion engineering, materials science, and applied chemistry.
Organic Cotton: Is it a Sustainable Solution? (Textile Science and Clothing Technology)
by Miguel Angel Gardetti Subramanian Senthilkannan MuthuThis book highlights the traditional boundaries of the textile industry and discusses to what extent organic cotton is sustainable. It also examines the domestic and international influences of agricultural practices on cotton. Sustainability issues in the textile and fashion sectors require the influences that arise from beyond the boundaries of the conventional textile industry to be taken into account. These “external” influences—from (international or domestic) agricultural practices and energy policies to consumption patterns and levels of ecological notions of the society—have a significant impact on the sustainability of the textile and fashion sectors as a whole. Ecological and social concerns go far beyond individual companies and industries; therefore, in order to become more sustainable, the textile (and fashion) industry needs to address these concerns appropriately and connect with other disciplines, industries, communities, and international groups.
Organic Crop Breeding
by Edith T. Lammerts Van BuerenOrganic Crop Breeding provides readers with a thorough review of the latest efforts by crop breeders and geneticists to develop improved varieties for organic production. The book opens with chapters looking at breeding efforts that focus on specific valuable traits such as quality, pest and disease resistance as well as the impacts improved breeding efforts can have on organic production. The second part of the book is a series of crop specific case studies that look at breeding efforts currently underway from around the world in crops ranging from carrots to corn. Organic Crop Breeding includes chapters from leading researchers in the field and is carefully edited by two pioneers in the field. Organic Crop Breeding provides valuable insight for crop breeders, geneticist, crop science professionals, researchers, and advanced students in this quickly emerging field.
Organic Dairy Production
by null Sarah FlackThere is no simple recipe for setting up and managing a successful organic dairy farm, but this handbook can act as an introduction to important issues in organic dairy production and provide today's organic or transitioning dairy farmer with an overview of the tools and ideas available.Part of the NOFA guides. Organic Dairy Production includes information on:Soils, the foundation of health (manure management)Crop production and grazing management (forage species, pasture management, setting up a grazing system)Livestock (selection, nutrition, winter and summer feed considerations, seasonal milking, habitat, herd health, milk quality)Marketing (selling fluid milk, regulations, facility and equipment, selling raw milk)RecordkeepingThe transition to organicFeatures examples from various farms in the Northeast.
Organic Dusts Exposure, Effects, and Prevention
by Ragnar Rylander Robert R. JacobsOrganic dusts are particles of vegetable, animal, and microbial origin and are found in a wide range of occupational and general environments. This comprehensive handbook discusses organic dusts and their effects on man. Organic Dusts describes the different environments in which organic dusts are present; it also explains the major components of dusts and which diseases they can induce after inhalation. The first book to completely cover this important environmental exposure, this valuable reference presents a systematic approach to disease pathology and offers revised terminology for diagnosis based on the latest information on cell reactions and the functioning of the immune system.
Organic Electro-Optics and Photonics
by Dalton Larry R. Peter Günter Mojca Jazbinsek Kwon O-Pil Sullivan Philip A.This definitive guide to modern organic electro-optic and photonic technologies provides critical insight into recent advances in organic electro-optic materials, from the underlying quantum and statistical concepts through to the practical application of materials in modern devices and systems. • Introduces theoretical and experimental methods for improving organic electro-optic and photonic technologies • Reviews the central concepts of nonlinear optics, focusing on multi-scale theoretical methods • Provides clear insight into the structure and function relationships critical to optimizing the performance of devices based on organic electro-optic materials. Serving as a primer for the systematic nano-engineering of soft matter materials, this is an invaluable resource for those involved in the development of modern telecommunication, computing, and sensing technologies depending on electro-optic technology. It is also an indispensable work of reference for academic researchers and graduate students in the fields of chemistry, physics, electrical engineering, materials science and engineering, and chemical engineering.
Organic Electrodes: Fundamental to Advanced Emerging Applications (Engineering Materials)
by Ram K. GuptaThis book covers synthesis, properties, and applications of organic electrodes for advanced electrochemical applications. The future applications and challenges in using organic electrodes are also explored. The chapters describe their unique electrochemical properties, surface area, nano-device integration, multifunctionality, printability, and mechanical flexibility. In this book, basic concepts and emerging electrochemical applications such as batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, fuel cells, and sensors of organic materials are covered. Apart from conventional techniques, this book explores new aspects of synthesizing organic electrodes for novel organic materials with advanced applications.
Organic Electroluminescence (Optical Science and Engineering #Pm151)
by Zakya KafafiOrganic light-emitting diode(OLED) technology has achieved significant penetration in the commercial market for small, low-voltage and inexpensive displays. Present and future novel technologies based on OLEDs involve rigid and flexible flat panel displays, solid-state lighting, and lasers. Display applications may range from hand-held devices to large flat panel screens that can be rolled up or hung flat on a wall or a ceiling. Organic Electroluminescence gives an overview of the on-going research in the field of organic light-emitting materials and devices, covering the principles of electroluminescence in organic thin films, as well as recent trends, current applications, and future potential uses. The book begins by giving a background of organic electroluminescence in terms of history and basic principles. It offers details on the mechanism(s) of electroluminescence in thin organic films. It presentsin-depth discussions of the parameters that control the external electroluminescence quantum efficiency including the photoluminescence quantum yield, the light-output coupling factor, carrier/charge injection and transport, and electron and hole recombination processes in organic semiconductors. The authors address the design and the characterization of amorphous charge transport materials with high glass transition temperatures, light-emitting small molecules and conjugated polymers. The book covers state-of-the-art concepts and technologies such as fluorescent and phosphorescent OLEDs, various approaches for patterning organics, and active matrix organic emissive displays including their back panel thin film transistors and pixel electronics. It concludes by summarizing future directions for OLEDs in organic light-emitting displays, large area distributed solid state light sources, and lasers using organic thin films, nanostructures, and photonic crystals. Organic Electroluminescence is an excellent resource and reference for stu
Organic Electronics
by Fabio Cicoira Clara SantatoAn overview of the tremendous potential of organic electronics, concentrating on those emerging topics and technologies that will form the focus of research over the next five to ten years. The young and energetic team of editors with an excellent research track record has brought together internationally renowned authors to review up-and-coming topics, some for the first time, such as organic spintronics, iontronics, light emitting transistors, organic sensors and advanced structural analysis. As a result, this book serves the needs of experienced researchers in organic electronics, graduate students and post-doctoral researchers, as well as scientists active in closely related fields, including organic chemical synthesis, thin film growth and biomaterials.Cover Figure: With kind permission of Matitaccia.
Organic Electronics
by Gregor Meller Tibor GrasserS. D. Baranovskii, O. Rubel, F. Jansson, and R. Österbacka: Description of Charge Transport in Disordered Organic Materials. - D. Basu and A. Dodabalapur: Drift Velocity and Drift Mobility Measurement in Organic Semiconductors Using Pulse Voltage. - H. Bässler and E. V. Emelianova: Steady-State Photoconduction in Amorphous Organic Solids. - G. Horowitz: Interfaces in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. - P. J. Jadhav, B. N. Limketkai, and M. A. Baldo: Effective Temperature Models for the Electric Field Dependence of Charge Carrier Mobility in Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) Aluminum. - L. Li and H. Kosina: Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductor 1Devices 2. - C. Melzer and H. von Seggern: Organic Field-Effect Transistors for CMOS Devices. - S. Scheinert, G. Paasch, I. Hörselmann, and A. Herasimovich: Low-Cost Submicrometer Organic Field-Effect Transistors. - T. Birendra Singh, N. Serdar Sariciftci, and J. G. Grote: Bio-Organic Optoelectronic Devices Using DNA. - A. Troisi: Theories of the Charge Transport Mechanism in Ordered Organic Semiconductors. -