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Organic Electronics: Materials, Processing, Devices and Applications
by Franky SoIn the near future, organic semiconductors may be used in a variety of products, including flat-screen TVs, e-book readers, and third-generation organic photovoltaics applications, to name just a few. While organic electronics has received increased attention in scientific journals, those working in this burgeoning field require more in-depth cover
Organic Electronics 1: Materials and Physical Processes
by Thien-Phap NguyenDue to their special properties, organic semiconductors enable the development of large-area, low-cost devices, paving the way for flexible and nomadic applications that advantageously replace those made with traditional semiconductors. This book describes the properties and deposition methods of organic semiconductors, transparent conductive materials or metals which are used in the fabrication of organic devices. The physical processes (optical, electrical and interface) that control the mechanisms in the formation and transport of the charge carriers of the materials are studied and explained in detail. Organic Electronics 1 introduces the fundamental and applied aspects of the field of organic electronics. It is intended for researchers and students in university programs or engineering schools specializing in electronics, energy and materials.
Organic Electronics for Electrochromic Materials and Devices
by Hong MengExplore this comprehensive overview of organic electrochromic materials and devices from a leading voice in the industry Organic Electronics for Electrochromic Materials and Devices delivers a complete discussion of the major and key topics related to the phenomenon of electrochromism. The text covers the history of organic electrochromism, its fundamental principles, different types of electrochromic materials, the development of device structures and multi-function devices, characterizations of device performance, modern applications of electrochromic devices, and prospects for future electrochromic devices. The distinguished author places a strong focus on recent research results from universities and private firms from around the world and addresses the issues and challenges faced by those who apply organic electrochromic technology in the real world. With these devices quickly becoming the go-to display technology in the field of electronic information, this resource will quickly become indispensable to all who work or study in the field of optics. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to organic electrochromism, including its history and the mechanisms of electrochromic devices An exploration of polymer electrolytes for electrochromic applications, including their requirements and types A discussion of electrochromic small molecules, including the development of technology in conjugated polymer and violene-cyanine hybrids A treatment of Prussian blue and metallohexacyanates, including their backgrounds, technology development, crystal structures, synthesis, nanocomposites, and assembled electrochromic devices Perfect for materials scientists, polymer chemists, organic chemists, physical chemists, and inorganic chemists, Organic Electronics for Electrochromic Materials and Devices will also earn a place in the libraries of physicists and those who work in the optical industry who seek a one-stop reference that covers all aspects of organic electrochromic materials.
Organic Electronics II
by Hagen KlaukLike its predecessor this book is devoted to the materials, manufacturing and applications aspects of organic thin-film transistors. Onceagain authored by the most renowned experts from this fascinating and fast-moving area of research, it offers a joint perspective bothbroad and in-depth on the latest developments in the areas of materials chemistry, transport physics, materials characterization, manufacturing technology, and circuit integration of organic transistors. With its many figures and detailed index, this book once again also serves as a ready reference.
Organic Electronics Materials and Devices
by Shuichiro OgawaThis book is an introductory text for graduate students, researchers in industries, and those who are just beginning to work on organic electronics materials, devices and their applications. The book includes mainly fundamental principles and theories for understanding organic electronics materials and devices, but also provides information about state-of-the-art technologies, applications and future prospects. These topics encompass physics for organic transistors, structure control technologies of polymer semiconductors, nanomaterials electronics, organic solar cells, organic electroluminescence, liquid semiconductors and dynamics for excitation, among others. This book will help researchers to be able to contribute to society with the technologies and science of organic electronics materials in the future.
Organic Electronics Materials and Devices
by Shuichiro OgawaThis book is an introductory text for graduate students, researchers in industries, and those who are just beginning to work on organic electronics materials, devices and their applications. The book includes mainly fundamental principles and theories for understanding organic electronics materials and devices, but also provides information about state-of-the-art technologies, applications and future prospects. These topics encompass physics for organic transistors, structure control technologies of polymer semiconductors, nanomaterials electronics, organic solar cells, organic electroluminescence and dynamics for excitation, among others. In this second edition, the topics that have had particular progress in the field of organic electronics over the past seven years were added. For example, Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) technology for organic LED, the development of perovskite materials, light-emitting materials using nanomaterials and the development of skin sensors and wearable/embedded devices. The recent scientific understanding of organic electronics is also introduced. This book will help readers to be able to contribute to society with the technologies and science of organic electronics materials in the future.
Organic Electronics, Volume 2: Applications and Marketing
by Thien-Phap NguyenDue to their special properties, organic semiconductors enable the development of large-area, low-cost devices, paving the way for flexible and nomadic applications that advantageously replace those made with traditional semiconductors. In this second volume, we study the main applications of organic semiconductors, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), solar cells (OPVs) and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs).The commercialization of these new devices is then discussed within the Brabec triangle framework, in which yield, stability and production costs are the key factors. We also address the environmental impact of organic devices for their future development. This book presents the application side of organic electronics from a technological, economic and environmental perspective. It is intended for researchers and students in university programs or engineering schools specializing in electronics, energy and materials.
The Organic Farmer's Business Handbook: A Complete Guide to Managing Finances, Crops, and Staff - and Making a Profit
by null Richard WiswallContrary to popular belief, a good living can be made on an organic farm. What&’s required is farming smarter, not harder.In The Organic Farmer&’s Business Handbook, Richard Wiswall shares advice on how to make your vegetable production more efficient, better manage your employees and finances, and turn a profit. From his twenty-seven years of experience at Cate Farm in Vermont, Wiswall knows firsthand the joys of starting and operating an organic farm—as well as the challenges of making a living from one. Farming offers fundamental satisfaction from producing food, working outdoors, being one&’s own boss, and working intimately with nature. But, unfortunately, many farmers avoid learning about the business end of farming; because of this, they often work harder than they need to, or quit farming altogether because of frustrating—and often avoidable—losses.In this comprehensive business kit, Wiswall covers:Step-by-step procedures to make your crop production more efficientAdvice on managing employees, farm operations, and office systemsNovel marketing strategiesWhat to do with your profits: business spending, investing, and planning for retirementA companion toolkit, available for download upon purchase of the book, offers valuable business tools, including easy-to-use spreadsheets for projecting cash flow, a payroll calculator, comprehensive crop budgets for forty different crops, and tax planners.
Organic Farming: New Advances Towards Sustainable Agricultural Systems
by C. Sarath Chandran Sabu Thomas M. R. UnniThis volume provides an overview of the fundamental concepts and recent advancements in organic farming, a form of agriculture that is increasing rapidly in popularity. Readers will discover information on the history of organic farming, environmental friendly practices and challenges, and innovations in the field.The chapter authors analyze pertinent aspects of this integrated farming system including strategies to improve seed quality, methods to improve soil fertility, and the advantages of using organic fertilizers. Particular attention is also given to weed management practices, bioenergy production and insights into the ways organic farming can adapt to global climate change and build sustainable food systems for future generations. Scientists, decision-makers, professors, and farmers who wish to work towards making agricultural systems more sustainable will find this book appealing.
Organic Farming: An International History
by W. LockeretzBeginning as a small protest to the industrialization of agriculture in the 1920s, organic farming has become a significant force in agricultural policy, marketing, and research. No longer dismissed as unscientific and counterproductive, organic techniques are now taken seriously by farmers, consumers, scientists, food processors, marketers, and regulatory agencies in much of the world. Organic farming is both dynamic and forward-looking but is also rooted in tradition. It is these traditions that can provide valuable starting points in debates over how organic farming should meet new challenges such as globalization, the emergence of new production techniques, and growing concern over equity and social justice in agriculture. Complementing general discussions with case histories of important organic institutions in various countries, this comprehensive discussion is the first to explore the development of organic agriculture.
Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture
by Dilip NandwaniFocusing on organic farming, this book presents peer-reviewed contributions from leading international academics and researchers in the field of organic agriculture, plant ecosystems, sustainable horticulture and related areas of biodiversity science. It includes case studies and reviews on organic agriculture, horticulture and pest management, use of microorganisms, composting, crop rotation, organic milk and meat production, as well as ecological issues. This unique book addresses a wide array of topics from all continents, making it a valuable reference resource for students, researchers and agriculturists who are concerned with biodiversity, agroecology and sustainable development of agricultural resources.
The Organic Farming Manual: A Comprehensive Guide to Starting and Running a Certified Organic Farm
by Ann Larkin HansenProviding expert tips on tending the land, caring for animals, and necessary equipment, Ann Larkin Hansen also covers the intricate process of acquiring organic certification and other business considerations important to a profitable operation. Discover the rewarding satisfaction of running a successful and sustainable organic farm.
Organic Farming, Pest Control and Remediation of Soil Pollutants
by Eric LichtfouseSustainable agriculture is a rapidly growing field aiming at producing food and energy in a sustainable way for humans and their children. Sustainable agriculture is a discipline that addresses current issues such as climate change, increasing food and fuel prices, poor-nation starvation, rich-nation obesity, water pollution, soil erosion, fertility loss, pest control, and biodiversity depletion. Novel, environmentally-friendly solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from sciences as diverse as agronomy, soil science, molecular biology, chemistry, toxicology, ecology, economy, and social sciences. Indeed, sustainable agriculture decipher mechanisms of processes that occur from the molecular level to the farming system to the global level at time scales ranging from seconds to centuries. For that, scientists use the system approach that involves studying components and interactions of a whole system to address scientific, economic and social issues. In that respect, sustainable agriculture is not a classical, narrow science. Instead of solving problems using the classical painkiller approach that treats only negative impacts, sustainable agriculture treats problem sources. Because most actual society issues are now intertwined, global, and fast-developing, sustainable agriculture will bring solutions to build a safer world. This book series gathers review articles that analyze current agricultural issues and knowledge, then propose alternative solutions. It will therefore help all scientists, decision-makers, professors, farmers and politicians who wish to build a safe agriculture, energy and food system for future generations.
Organic Farming, Prototype for Sustainable Agricultures
by Stéphane Bellon Servane PenvernStakeholders show a growing interest for organic food and farming (OF&F), which becomes a societal component. Rather than questioning whether OF&F outperforms conventional agriculture or not, the main question addressed in this book is how, and in what conditions, OF&F may be considered as a prototype towards sustainable agricultures. The book gathers 25 papers introduced in a first chapter. The first section investigates OF&F production processes and its capacity to benefit from the systems functioning to achieve higher self-sufficiency. The second one proposes an overview of organic performances providing commodities and public goods. The third one focuses on organics development pathways within agri-food systems and territories. As well as a strong theoretical component, this book provides an overview of the new challenges for research and development. It questions the benefits as well as knowledge gaps with a particular emphasis on bottlenecks and lock-in effects at various levels.
Organic Fertilisation, Soil Quality and Human Health
by Eric LichtfouseSustainable agriculture is a rapidly growing field aiming at producing food and energy in a sustainable way for our children. This discipline addresses current issues such as climate change, increasing food and fuel prices, starvation, obesity, water pollution, soil erosion, fertility loss, pest control and biodiversity depletion. Novel solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from agronomy, soil science, molecular biology, chemistry, toxicology, ecology, economy, philosophy and social sciences. As actual society issues are now intertwined, sustainable agriculture will bring solutions to build a safer world. This book series analyzes current agricultural issues and proposes alternative solutions, consequently helping all scientists, decision-makers, professors, farmers and politicians wishing to build safe agriculture, energy and food systems for future generations.
Organic Field-Effect Transistors: 29 July 2001, San Diego, Usa (Optical Science and Engineering #8117)
by Zhenan Bao and Jason LocklinThe remarkable development of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) has led to their emerging use in active matrix flat-panel displays, radio frequency identification cards, and sensors. Exploring one class of OTFTs, Organic Field-Effect Transistors provides a comprehensive, multidisciplinary survey of the present theory, charge transport studies, synthetic methodology, materials characterization, and current applications of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs).Covering various aspects of OFETs, the book begins with a theoretical description of charge transport in organic semiconductors at the molecular level. It then discusses the current understanding of charge transport in single-crystal devices, small molecules and oligomers, conjugated polymer devices, and charge injection issues in organic transistors. After describing the design rationales and synthetic methodologies used for organic semiconductors and dielectric materials, the book provides an overview of a variety of characterization techniques used to probe interfacial ordering, microstructure, molecular packing, and orientation crucial to device performance. It also describes the different processing techniques for molecules deposited by vacuum and solution, followed by current technological examples that employ OTFTs in their operation.Featuring respected contributors from around the world, this thorough, up-to-date volume presents both the theory behind OFETs and the latest applications of this promising technology.
Organic Food and Farming in China: Top-down and Bottom-up Ecological Initiatives (Earthscan Food and Agriculture)
by Steffanie Scott Zhenzhong Si Theresa Schumilas Aijuan ChenDespite reports of food safety and quality scandals, China has a rapidly expanding organic agriculture and food sector, and there is a revolution in ecological food and ethical eating in China’s cities. This book shows how a set of social, economic, cultural, and environmental conditions have converged to shape the development of a "formal" organic sector, created by "top-down" state-developed standards and regulations, and an "informal" organic sector, created by ‘bottom-up’ grassroots struggles for safe, healthy, and sustainable food. This is generating a new civil movement focused on ecological agriculture and quality food. Organic movements and markets have typically emerged in industrialized food systems that are characterized by private land ownership, declining small farm sectors, consolidated farm to retail chains, predominance of supermarket retail, standards and laws to safeguard food safety, and an active civil society sector. The authors contrast this with the Chinese context, with its unique version of "capitalism with social characteristics," collective farmland ownership, and predominance of smallholder agriculture and emerging diverse marketing channels. China’s experience also reflects a commitment to domestic food security, evolving food safety legislation, and a civil society with limited autonomy from a semi-authoritarian state that keeps shifting the terrain of what is permitted. The book will be of great interest to advanced students and researchers of agricultural and food systems and policy, as well as rural sociology and Chinese studies.
Organic Food Production: Innovation and Sustainable Practice
by José Manuel Lorenzo Birsen YilmazThe organic products market is experiencing rapid growth. This surge can be attributed to consumer perception of organic products as healthier options with better nutritional profiles compared to conventional products. Furthermore, organic production is gaining global significance beyond just human health considerations. It is increasingly viewed as a potential alternative to conventional agriculture due to mounting concerns over environmental sustainability, food safety, animal welfare, and biodiversity conservation. In developed countries, the demand for organic products is increasing steadily, and a significant part of the food consumed comes from organic sources. The increase in the production and consumption of organic foods has made it one of the most important research topics in recent years.Organic Food Production: Innovation and Sustainable Practice provides comprehensive insights into various aspects of organic foods, including their production processes, certification procedures, regulatory frameworks, global market dynamics, and consumer preferences and acceptance. Additionally, the book offers valuable analyses of how organic foods impact the environment and contribute to achieving sustainable development goals.Key Features Includes a comprehensive view of various aspects of organic foods Provides insights into how organic foods contribute to sustainable goals Helps readers understand the differences between organic and conventional foods Provides a deep understanding of consumer behavior toward organic foods
Organic Food Systems: Meeting the Needs of Southern Africa
by Albert Ackhurst Jane Battersby Anastasia Caude Stephen Devereux Catherine Eckert Johan Habig Konrad Hauptfleisch Gareth Haysom Jostein Hertwig Johannes Kahl Christina Kifunda Nico Labuschagne Sandra C Lamprecht Andre Leu Simon Lorentz Josua Louw Jama Mashele Mebelo Mataa Robert Munthali Jane Nalunga Nic Olivier Hannelise Piek Matt Purkis Mandla Sibiya Bernd Siebenhüner Charles Ssekyewa Sheila Storey Dr Carola Strassner Marike Swanepoel Wim Troosters Abraham Van Niekerk Maren WesselowOrganic agriculture world-wide allows farmers to produce healthy food with low levels of external inputs, and often shortens the value chains, giving farmers a higher share of the consumer dollar. This book reports on long-term comparative organic farming systems research trials carried out over the last four years in South Africa's Southern Cape, as well as research on the organic sector and the technical tools it requires in South Africa, Zambia, Uganda and Tanzania. The trials show how the yield gap between organic and conventional crops was closed over 3 years. Water use efficiency was also greater in the organic farming system, and pests and diseases were effectively controlled using biological products. Farmer training approaches, soil carbon analysis, participatory guarantee systems, the Zambian organic farming sector (agronomy) and Ugandan organic farmer training support, and a sector plan for southern African organic farming are examined.
Organic Futures: Struggling for Sustainability on the Small Farm
by Brian Gareau Connor J. FitzmauriceAn exploration of the lived experience of small-scale organic farmers in New England that unpacks how they balance their ideals with economic realities In recent years, the popularity of organically grown produce has exploded. In 2014, organic fruits and vegetables accounted for 12% of all produce sales in the United States, with $39 billion in consumer sales reported for 2015. As a federally recognized niche market within the agricultural mainstream, organic farming is increasingly on display in American grocery stores. Yet the organic food most Americans consume today is produced by an industrial food system at odds with the practices and ideals of small-scale farmers. Taking an ethnographic approach, the fieldwork by Connor Fitzmaurice and Brian Gareau at a small New England organic farm sheds light on how farmers navigate the difficult terrain between practices of sustainability and the economic realities of contemporary agriculture. Drawing on extensive research, Fitzmaurice and Gareau examine the historical context, complexities, and viability of nonconventional organic farming practices: practices that seek to balance ecology and community with the business of agriculture.
The Organic Grain Grower: Small-Scale, Holistic Grain Production for the Home and Market Producer
by null Jack Lazor&“The Organic Grain Grower is the best resource we&’ve seen for small-scale grain growers everywhere. . . . [Lazor&’s] passion comes alive in this fine guidebook&’s depth of detail.&”—Mother Earth NewsThe ultimate guide to growing organic grains on a small and ecological scale The Organic Grain Grower is invaluable for both home-scale and commercial producers interested in expanding their resiliency and crop diversity through growing their own grains. Longtime farmer and organic pioneer Jack Lazor covers how to grow and store wheat, barley, oats, corn, dry beans, soybeans, pulse crops, oilseeds, grasses, nutrient-dense forages, and lesser-known cereals. In addition to detailed cultivation and processing information, Lazor argues the importance of integrating grains on the organic farm (not to mention for the local-food system) for reasons of biodiversity and whole farm management. Including extensive information on:The history of grain growing and consumption in North AmericaThe twenty-first century and the birth of the local-food movementConsidering your farm&’s scale and climateUnderstanding soil fertility and structurePlanting your crop (including spring vs. fall cereals and preparing your soil)The growing and ripening process (reproductive, milk, hard-and-soft dough stages)The grain harvestPreparing grain for sale, storage, or end use (drying, cleaning seed, grain handling)Seed breeding and savingMachinery, infrastructure, and processing (both home-scale tools and larger farm equipment)Grinding grains for livestock rations (including how to put together a ration based on protein content) and sample rations for dairy cows, pigs, and chickensProcessing grains for human consumptionAdditional resources and information for new grain farmers, and more…Beginners will learn how to grow enough wheat for a year&’s supply of bread flour for their homestead, and farmers will learn how to become part of a grain co-op, working alongside artisan bakers and mills. Never before has there been a guide to growing organic grains applicable both for the home-scale and professional farming scale.This will be a classic for decades to come and a crucial addition to any farmer&’s, homesteader&’s, gardener&’s, agronomist&’s, or seed-saver&’s library.
Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics
by Nam-Gyu Park Michael Grätzel Tsutomu MiyasakaThis book covers fundamentals of organometal perovskite materials and their photovoltaics, including materials preparation and device fabrications. Special emphasis is given to halide perovskites. The opto-electronic properties of perovskite materials and recent progress in perovskite solar cells are described. In addition, comments on the issues to current and future challenges are mentioned.
Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials
by Susheel Kalia Yuvaraj HaldoraiAdvances in Polymer Science enjoys a longstanding tradition and good reputation in its community. Each volume is dedicated to a current topic, and each review critically surveys one aspect of that topic, to place it within the context of the volume. The volumes typically summarize the significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years and discuss them critically, presenting selected examples, explaining and illustrating the important principles, and bringing together many important references of primary literature. On that basis, future research directions in the area can be discussed. Advances in Polymer Science volumes thus are important references for every polymer scientist, as well as for other scientists interested in polymer science - as an introduction to a neighboring field, or as a compilation of detailed information for the specialist.
Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) Toward Smart Lighting and Displays Technologies: Material Design Strategies, Challenges and Future Perspectives
by Laxman Singh Rituraj Dubey R. N. RaiThe book Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) Toward Smart Lighting and Displays Technologies, edited by Laxman Singh, Rituraj Dubey, and Prof. R. N. Rai, strives to address the multiple aspects of OLEDs and their applications in developing smart lightings and displays. OLEDs have been used in almost all kinds of digital displays like those of mobile phones, laptops, tablets, phablets, TVs, etc., due to their outstanding features, including superior color quality, low cost, wide viewing angle, easy fabrication, mercury-free manufacture, tenability, stretchability, flexibility, etc. Investigations related to the synthesis of new organic materials and fabrication techniques have inspired us to write this book, which will fulfil the desire and thirst of OLEDs-based researchers. Features• Nanolithographic techniques used and the challenges involved.• Printing technology for fabrication.• Designing of hybrid perovskites.• Stretchable and flexible materials used.• Metal–dielectric composites and efficiency of organic semiconductor via molecular doping for OLEDs applications.• Organic small molecule materials and display technologies involved.• New generation of organic materials with respect to photophysical approach.• Mixed valence π-conjugated coordination polymers used.• Electroluminescent polymer used.• Blue fluorescent and phosphorescent organic materials used. In comparison to other books available related to similar topics, this book aims at those audiences who are looking for a single source for a comprehensive understanding of strategies and their challenges with respect to material fabrication of OLEDs. This book covers the pace and productivity at a uniform level in each chapter with respect to the audiences, from doctoral student to postdoctoral researchers or from postdoctoral researchers to multidisciplinary field researchers with a background in physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering, who are already working with organic materials and their applications.
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Principles, Characteristics & Processes (Optical Science and Engineering)
by Jan KalinowskiOrganic Light Emitting Diodes: Principles, Characteristics, and Processes presents recent developments in organic electroluminescence and their application to light emitting diodes. In six chapters and complete with an extensive set of references, it describes and illustrates the physical principles of organic LEDs and their electrical and optical characteristics with a wide range of examples and practical studies. The author presents a unified approach to the description and functioning of organic LEDs, based on a comprehensive background of relevant physical processes and provides a clear foundation for the prediction and design of new improved electroluminescent devices.