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Performance Analysis of a Liquid/Gel Rocket Engine During Operation
by Minchao Huang Yuqiang Cheng Jia Dai Jian LiThis open access book takes space propulsion system, gel propulsion system, and pumped liquid rocket engine as research objects and establishes and describes the theory, dynamic model, and numerical calculation method of working process of liquid/gel rocket engine. The first part of this book establishes a mathematical model for the working process of the space propulsion system, including a mathematical model for gas cylinders, an electric explosion valve, a pressure reducing valve, a storage tank, a liquid pipeline, an orifice and filter, an electromagnetic valve, a filling pipeline, and a thrust chamber. The simulation analyzes the characteristics of the start-up, steady-state, and shutdown processes of the space propulsion system. In the second part, the mathematical model of the working process of gel propulsion system is established, and the flow distribution law, water hammer characteristics, and thrust regulation characteristics of gel propulsion system are simulated and analyzed. The third part establishes a mathematical model for the working process of a pumped liquid rocket engine and simulates and analyzes the starting process characteristics of the pumped liquid rocket engine. The above theory or dynamic model reflects the latest research results of the working process of liquid/gel rocket engine. This book is used as a teaching material or reference book for teachers, students, and scientific and technological personnel engaged in the simulation analysis of the working process of liquid/gel rocket engines in the fields of aerospace, aviation, power, etc.
Performance Analysis of Complex Networks and Systems
by Piet Van MieghemThis rigorous, self-contained book describes mathematical and, in particular, stochastic and graph theoretic methods to assess the performance of complex networks and systems. It comprises three parts: the first is a review of probability theory; Part II covers the classical theory of stochastic processes (Poisson, Markov and queueing theory), which are considered to be the basic building blocks for performance evaluation studies; Part III focuses on the rapidly expanding new field of network science. This part deals with the recently obtained insight that many very different large complex networks – such as the Internet, World Wide Web, metabolic and human brain networks, utility infrastructures, social networks – evolve and behave according to general common scaling laws. This understanding is useful when assessing the end-to-end quality of Internet services and when designing robust and secure networks. Containing problems and solved solutions, the book is ideal for graduate students taking courses in performance analysis.
Performance Analysis of Cooperative Networking with Multi Channels
by Praveen Kumar Devulapalli Sushanth Babu Maganti Pardhasaradhi PokkunuriThis book covers wireless cooperative communication and advanced communication techniques for research scholars and post-graduate students.Features:• This book will be the reference book for cooperative communication.• It addresses the problems in small-scale cooperative communication.• It presents cooperative routing algorithms for large-scale cooperative networks with the constraint of throughput and transmission time.• It presents energy- efficient transmission approach by making use of multiple radio terminals.• It presents adaptive routing algorithm for large-scale cooperative network under mobility environment.
Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems with Energy Storage Systems
by Adel A. Elbaset Hamed Anwer Ibrahim Saad Awad Abdelwahab Mohammed Abdelmowgoud EidThis book discusses dynamic modeling, simulation, and control strategies for Photovoltaic (PV) stand-alone systems during variation of environmental conditions. Moreover, the effectiveness of the implemented Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques and the employed control strategy are evaluated during variations of solar irradiance and cell temperature. The simulation results are based on the reliability of the MPPT techniques applied in extracting the maximum power from the PV system during the rapid variation of the environmental conditions. The authors review two MPPT techniques implemented in PV systems, namely the perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT Technique and the Incremental Conductance (InCond) MPPT technique. These two MPPT techniques were simulated by the MATLAB/Simulink and the results response of the PV array from voltage, current, and power are compared to the effect of solar irradiation and temperature change.
Performance Assessment and Enrichment of Anaerobic Methane Oxidizing Microbial Communities from Marine Sediments in Bioreactors (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Susma Bhattarai GautamAnaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulfate reduction (AOM-SR) is a biological process mediated by anaerobic methanotrophs (ANME) and sulfate reducing bacteria. It has scientifi c and societal relevance in regulating the global carbon cycle and biotechnological application for treating sulfate-rich wastewater. This research aimed to enhance the recent knowledge on ANME distribution and its enrichment in different bioreactor confi gurations, i.e. membrane bioreactor (MBR), biotrickling fi lter (BTF) and high pressure bioreactor (HPB). Marine sediment from Ginsburg mud volcano, Gulf of Cadiz was used as inoculum in the BTF and MBR. The BTF operation showed the enrichment of ANME in the biofi lm, especially ANME-1 (40%) and ANME-2 (10%). Whereas, the dominancy of ANME-2 and Desulfosarcina aggregates was observed in the MBR. Moreover, HPB study was performed by using highly enriched ANME-2 community from Captain Arutyunov mud volcano. During the study of HPB at different temperature and pressure conditions, the incubation at 10 MPa pressure and 15˚C was observed to be the most suitable condition for the studied AOM-SR community. Furthermore, AOM-SR activity in the coastal sediments from marine Lake Grevelingen (the Netherlands) was explored and the microbial community was characterised which was dominated by ANME-3 among known ANME types.
Performance Based Building Design 1: From Below Grade Construction to Cavity Walls
by Hugo S. HensJust like building physics, performance based building design was hardly an issue before the energy crises of the 1970s. With the need to upgrade energy efficiency, the interest in overall building performance grew. The term "performance" encompasses all building-related physical properties and qualities that are predictable during the design stage and controllable during and after construction. The term "predictable" demands calculation tools and physical models that allow evaluating a design, whereas "controllable" presumes the existence of measuring methods available on site. The basis for a system of performance arrays are the functional demands, the needs for accessibility, safety, well-being, durability, energy efficiency and sustainability and the requirements imposed by the usage of a building. As the first of two volumes, this book applies the performance rationale, advanced in applied building physics, to the design and construction of buildings. After an overview of materials for thermal insulation, water proofing, air tightening and vapour tightening and a discussion on joints, building construction is analysed, starting with the excavations. Then foundations, below and on grade constructions, typical load bearing systems and floors pass the review to end with massive outer walls insulated at the inside and the outside and cavity walls. Most chapters build on a same scheme: overview, overall performance evaluation, design and construction. The book is absolutely recommended to undergraduates and graduates in architectural and building engineering, though also building engineers, who want to refresh their knowledge, may benefit. The level of discussion assumes the reader has a sound knowledge of building physics, along with a background in structural engineering, building materials and building construction. Where and when needed, input and literature from over the world was used, reason why each chapter ends listing references and literature.
Performance Based Building Design 2: From Timber-framed Construction to Partition Walls
by Hugo S. HensJust like building physics, performance based building design was hardly an issue before the energy crises of the 1970ies. With the need to upgrade energy efficiency, the interest in overall building performance grew. The term "performance" encompasses all building-related physical properties and qualities that are predictable during the design stage and controllable during and after construction. The term "predictable" demands calculation tools and physical models that allow evaluating a design, whereas "controllable" presumes the existence of measuring methods available on site. The basis for a system of performance arrays are the functional demands, the needs for accessibility, safety, well-being, durability, energy efficiency and sustainability and the requirements imposed by the usage of a building. In continuation of Vol. 1 this second volume discusses light-weight construction with wooden and metal elements, roofing systems, facades, and ends with finishes and the overall risk analysis. Most chapters build on a same scheme: overview, overall performance evaluation, design and construction. The work is absolutely recommended to undergraduates and graduates in architectural and building engineering, though also building engineers, who want to refresh their knowledge, may benefit. The level of discussion assumes the reader has a sound knowledge of building physics, along with a background in structural engineering, building materials and building construction. Where and when needed, input and literature from over the world was used, reason why each chapter ends listing references and literature.
Performance-Based Contracts for Road Projects: Comparative Analysis of Different Types
by Ashish GajurelThis book focuses on the aspects of contracting contracts, basically related to road construction and management contracts. The book presents an analytical study of Performance-Based Road Management and Maintenance (PMMR), Funktionsbauvertrag (FBV) (Function-Based Construction Contract) and Public Private Partnerships (PPP). A separate chapter is also included about the comparative study of these contract types. The book provides useful material for university libraries, construction companies and government departments of construction.
Performance-Based Fire Engineering of Structures
by Yong Wang Ian Burgess František Wald Martin GillieMajor events notably the Broadgate fire in London, New York‘s World Trade Center collapse, and the Windsor Tower fire in Madrid as well as the enlightening studies at the Cardington fire research project have given international prominence to performance-based structural fire engineering. As a result, structural fire engineering has increasingly at
Performance-Based Fire Safety Design
by Morgan J. Hurley Eric R. RosenbaumMaster an Approach Based on Fire Safety Goals, Fire Scenarios, and the Assessment of Design AlternativesPerformance-Based Fire Safety Design demonstrates how fire science can be used to solve fire protection problems in the built environment. It also provides an understanding of the performance-based design process, deterministic and risk-based ana
Performance-Based Optimization of Structures: Theory and Applications (Spon Research)
by Qing Quan LiangPerformance-Based Optimization of Structures introduces a method to bridge the gap between structural optimization theory and its practical application to structural engineering. The Performance-Based Optimization (PBO) method combines modern structural optimisation theory with performance based design concepts to produce a powerful technique for u
Performance-Based Seismic Design of Structures
by Satyabrata ChoudhurySeismic design of structures is fast turning to performance-based design (PBD) from old codal force-based design (FBD) method. The aim of the book is to expose readers to the meaning and need of PBD, the evolution of PBD to date, its various forms and applications. Various design philosophies and procedures have been described including modelling aspects and hazard considerations backed by examples. Direct displacement-based design (DDBD) and Unified PBD (UPBD) of reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings, RC dual systems, steel frame buildings and bridge piers have also been explained.The main features of this book are as follows:• Illustrates performance-based seismic design to achieve the design target by performance objective-oriented design procedure. • Covers modern design philosophies, modelling aspects, concepts in nonlinearities and use of supplemental damping devices. • Contains a chapter on seismic safety of nonstructural components. • Describes UPBD design procedure and examples of different structural systems. • Includes application and examples with reference to SAP2000 software.This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers and professionals in civil engineering, earthquake engineering and structural design.
Performance-Based Specifications and Control of Concrete Durability
by Hans Beushausen Luis Fernandez LucoThis work gives an overview of significant research from recent years concerning performance-based design and quality control for concrete durability and its implementation. In engineering practice, performance approaches are often still used in combination with prescriptive requirements. This is largely because, for most durability test methods, sufficient practical experience still has to be gained before engineers and owners are prepared to fully rely on them. This book, compiled by RILEM TC 230-PSC, is intended to assist efforts to successfully build the foundation for the full implementation of performance-based approaches through the exchange of relevant knowledge and experience between researchers and practitioners worldwide.
Performance Characterization of Lubricants (Advances in Manufacturing, Design and Computational Intelligence Techniques)
by Abhishek Kumar, Avinash Kumar, and Ashwani KumarThe text discusses the fundamentals of lubrication science and technology linking the science concepts to engineering practices. It further explores the performance characterization of lubrication systems by utilizing sophisticated experiments and tests and motivates the readers to develop their conclusions and reach solutions based on modern tools and techniques.This book: Presents the principles of surface and lubricant chemistry, and its implementation to devise engineering solutions for various application-based systems. Discusses viscosity index improvers, tribology of green lubricants, and biolubricants from non-edible oils. Highlights 2D nanomaterials lubricants, biogreases, hydrogel and lubricants for extreme temperature and pressure conditions. Explains lubrication for electrical, biomedical, automobile, marine, turbine and aerospace applications. Covers design considerations, formulations, and compositions of lubricants for high-temperature applications in diverse areas. Explores the simulation, computational, and empirical models to characterize, quantify and mitigate the adverse effects of friction. It is primarily written for senior undergraduate and graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields of mechanical engineering, production engineering, industrial engineering, aerospace engineering, and manufacturing engineering.
Performance Controllable Industrial Wireless Networks (Wireless Networks)
by Haibin Yu Peng Zeng Meng Zheng Chi Xu Xi Jin Wei LiangWith the rapid proliferation of information and communications technology, industrial automation has undergone a sweeping transformation toward intelligent manufacturing. Wireless communication is widely considered to be one of the key technologies enabling intelligent manufacturing. On one hand, deterministic communication with high reliability and low latency is typically required in industrial automation applications. On the other hand, wireless communication in industrial settings is hindered by strictly limited communication resources and many other factors which mainly derive from the shared and error-prone nature of the wireless channels used. The limited communication resources and harsh channel conditions pose considerable challenges for reliable, real-time data transmission in industrial wireless networks. Resource optimization methods are vital to ensuring the deterministic performance of industrial wireless networks. Traditional resource optimization methods adopt the isolated resource optimization methods for each protocol layer, which is inherently local-optimal and leads performance uncontrollable. To focus on “Performance Controllable Industrial Wireless Networks”, this book presents thejoint resource optimization methods across multiple protocol layers for industrial wireless networks; reviews recent, major advances; and discusses the practical implementations of the proposed methods. The joint resource optimization methods discussed here will greatly benefit scientists and researchers in the areas of industrial automation and Industrial Internet of Things. To gain the most from this book, readers should have a fundamental grasp of wireless communication, scheduling theory, and convex optimization.
Performance Criteria for Concrete Durability
by H. K. Hilsdorf J. KroppThis is a state-of-the-art report prepared by RILEM Technical Committee 116-PCD and is an authoritative, international review of the subject and is an essential reference source for engineers and technologists. Performance Criteria for Concrete Durability explains key aspects of concrete durability, and the relationships between transport mechanism
Performance-Driven Surrogate Modeling of High-Frequency Structures
by Slawomir Koziel Anna Pietrenko-DabrowskaThis book discusses surrogate modeling of high-frequency structures including antenna and microwave components. The focus is on constrained or performance-driven surrogates. The presented techniques aim at addressing the limitations of conventional modeling methods, pertinent to the issues of dimensionality and parameter ranges that need to be covered by the surrogate to ensure its design utility. Within performance-driven methodologies, mitigation of these problems is achieved through appropriate confinement of the model domain, focused on the regions promising from the point of view of the relevant design objectives. This enables the construction of reliable surrogates at a fraction of cost required by conventional methods, and to accomplish the modeling tasks where other techniques routinely fail. The book provides a broad selection of specific frameworks, extensively illustrated using examples of real-world microwave and antenna structures along with numerous design examples. Furthermore, the book contains introductory material on data-driven and physics-based surrogates. The book will be useful for the readers working in the area of high-frequency electronics, including microwave engineering, antenna design, microwave photonics, magnetism, especially those that utilize electromagnetic (EM) simulation models in their daily routines.Covers performance-driven and constrained modeling methods, not available in other books to date;Discusses of a wide range of practical case studies including a variety of microwave and antenna structures;Includes design applications of the presented modeling frameworks, including single- and multi-objective parametric optimization.
Performance Engineering: Learning Through Applications Using JMT
by Giuseppe SerazziThis open access book improves the users' skills needed to implement models for performance evaluation of digital infrastructures. Building a model is usually a relatively easy task, but making it an accurate representation of the phenomenon to be reproduced is a completely different matter. It is well-known that to increase the ability to build reliable models it is necessary to accumulate experience. The book addresses this need by presenting a collection of case studies of increasing complexity. Readers are introduced to the modeling process gradually, learning the basic concepts step-by-step as they go through the case studies. Queueing Networks are used to design the models solved with simulation and analytical techniques from the open source Java Modelling Tools (JMT). Among the models analyzed there are systems for optimizing performance, identifying bottlenecks, evaluating the impact of the variability of traffic and service demands, analyzing the effects of synchronization policies in parallel computing. Four case studies derived from real-life scenarios are also presented: a surveillance system, autoscaling load fluctuations, web app workflow simulation, and crowd computing platform. This book serves as a reference tool for graduate and senior-level computer science students in courses of performance evaluation and modeling, as well as for researchers and practitioners.
Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking
by Lizy Kurian John Lieven EeckhoutComputer and microprocessor architectures are advancing at an astounding pace. However, increasing demands on performance coupled with a wide variety of specialized operating environments act to slow this pace by complicating the performance evaluation process. Carefully balancing efficiency and accuracy is key to avoid slowdowns, and such a balance can be achieved with an in-depth understanding of the available evaluation methodologies. Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking outlines a variety of evaluation methods and benchmark suites, considering their strengths, weaknesses, and when each is appropriate to use.Following a general overview of important performance analysis techniques, the book surveys contemporary benchmark suites for specific areas, such as Java, embedded systems, CPUs, and Web servers. Subsequent chapters explain how to choose appropriate averages for reporting metrics and provide a detailed treatment of statistical methods, including a summary of statistics, how to apply statistical sampling for simulation, how to apply SimPoint, and a comprehensive overview of statistical simulation. The discussion then turns to benchmark subsetting methodologies and the fundamentals of analytical modeling, including queuing models and Petri nets. Three chapters devoted to hardware performance counters conclude the book.Supplying abundant illustrations, examples, and case studies, Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking offers a firm foundation in evaluation methods along with up-to-date techniques that are necessary to develop next-generation architectures.
Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking of Intelligent Systems
by Raj Madhavan Elena Messina Edward TunstelThis contributed volume is dedicated to the subject of performance evaluation and benchmarking of intelligent systems by drawing from the experiences and insights of experts gained both through theoretical development and practical implementation of intelligent systems in a variety of application domains. The chapters cover a range of applications, such as assistive robotics, planetary surveying, urban search and rescue, and line tracking for automotive assembly. Subsystems include human-robot interaction, multi-robot coordination, communications, perception, and mapping, Chapters also cover simulation support and open source software for cognitive platforms, providing examples of enabling underlying technologies that can help intelligent systems to propagate and increase in capabilities. Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking of Intelligent Systems serves as a professional reference for researchers and practitioners in a variety of fields.
Performance Evaluation and Design of Flight Vehicle Control Systems
by Eric T. FalangasThe purpose of this book is to assist analysts, engineers, and students toward developing dynamic models, and analyzing the control of flight vehicles with various blended features comprising aircraft, launch vehicles, reentry vehicles, missiles and aircraft. Graphical methods for analysing vehicle performance Methods for trimming deflections of a vehicle that has multiple types of effectors Presents a parameters used for speedily evaluating the performance, stability, and controllability of a new flight vehicle concept along a trajectory or with fixed flight conditions
Performance Evaluation Criteria in Heat Transfer Enhancement (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Sujoy Kumar Saha Hrishiraj Ranjan Madhu Sruthi Emani Anand Kumar BhartiThis Brief deals with Performance Evaluation Criteria (PEC) for heat exchangers, single phase flow, objective function and constraints, algebraic formulation, constant flow rate, fixed flow area, thermal resistance, heat exchanger effectiveness, relations for St and f, finned tube banks, variations of PEC, reduced exchanger flow rate, exergy based PEC, PEC for two-phase heat exchangers, work consuming, work producing and heat actuated systems. The authors explain Performance Criteria of Enhanced Heat Transfer Surfaces—the ratio of enhanced performance to the basic performance—and its importance for Heat Transfer Enhancement and efficient thermal management in devices.
Performance Evaluation for Network Services, Systems and Protocols
by Stênio FernandesThis book provides a comprehensive view of the methods and approaches for performance evaluation of computer networks. It offers a clear and logical introduction to the topic, covering both fundamental concepts and practical aspects. It enables the reader to answer a series of questions regarding performance evaluation in modern computer networking scenarios, such as ‘What, where, and when to measure?’, ‘Which time scale is more appropriate for a particular measurement and analysis?’, 'Experimentation, simulation or emulation? Why?’, and ‘How do I best design a sound performance evaluation plan?’. The book includes concrete examples and applications in the important aspects of experimentation, simulation and emulation, and analytical modeling, with strong support from the scientific literature. It enables the identification of common shortcomings and highlights where students, researchers, and engineers should focus to conduct sound performance evaluation. This book is a useful guide to advanced undergraduates and graduate students, network engineers, and researchers who plan and design proper performance evaluation of computer networks and services. Previous knowledge of computer networks concepts, mechanisms, and protocols is assumed. Although the book provides a quick review on applied statistics in computer networking, familiarity with basic statistics is an asset. It is suitable for advanced courses on computer networking as well as for more specific courses as a secondary textbook.
Performance Evaluation Models for Distributed Service Networks (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #343)
by Grzegorz Bocewicz Jarosław Pempera Victor ToporkovThis book presents novel approaches to formulate, analyze, and solve problems in the area of distributed service networks, notably based on AI-related methods (parallel/cloud computing, declarative modeling, fuzzy methods). Distributed service networks are an important area of research and applications. The methods presented are meant to integrate both emerging and existing concepts and approaches for different types of production flows through synchronizations. An integration of logistics services (e.g., supply chains and projects portfolios), public and multimodal transport, traffic flow congestion management in ad hoc networks, design of high-performance cloud data centers, and milk-run distribution networks are shown as illustrations for the methods proposed. The book is of interest to researchers and practitioners in computer science, operations management, production control, and related fields.
Performance Evaluation of Electronic Oscillators: Automated S Parameter Free Design with SPICE and Discrete Fourier Transforms
by Amal BanerjeeThis book demonstrates a novel, efficient and automated scheme to design and evaluate the performance of electronic oscillators, operating at the 100s of Megahertz to 10s of Gigahertz frequencies. The author describes a new oscillator design and performance evaluation scheme that addresses all the issues associated with the traditional S parameter (large, small signal) based oscillator design technique by exploiting the properties of a new breed of RF or microwave transistors, the powerful Discrete Fourier Transform and the SPICE tool's transient analysis. Readers will benefit from an exhaustive set of detailed, step-by-step oscillator (feedback, negative resistance, crystal and differential) design examples, as well as the software tools (C executables) used to create the design examples. Designers will be enabled to eliminate the complexities of the traditional oscillator design/performance evaluation scheme using S (large, small) parameter, resulting in accurate, robust and reliable designs.Describes an efficient, automated oscillator design and performance evaluation scheme that addresses all the challenges associated with the traditional S parameter (large, small signal) based oscillator design;Provides numerous step-by-step design examples, illustrating the details of the new scheme presented;Includes C executables that run on both Linux and Windows, which the reader can use to experiment and design any oscillator (feedback common emitter or base, negative resistance common emitter or base or differential).