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Redox Flow Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications (Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion)
by Huamin Zhang Xianfeng Li Jiujun ZhangFlow batteries have received attention in large-scale energy storage due to their flexible design, high safety, high energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness. In recent years, they have been rapidly developed and tested in a variety of scales that prove their feasibility and advantages of use. As energy becomes a global focus, it is important to consider flow battery systems. This book offers a detailed introduction to the function of different kinds of redox flow batteries, including vanadium flow batteries, as well as the electrochemical processes for their development, materials and components, applications, and near future prospects. Redox Flow Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications will give readers a full understanding of flow batteries from fundamentals to commercial applications.
Reduced DC-link Capacitance AC Motor Drives
by Gaolin Wang Nannan Zhao Guoqiang Zhang Dianguo XuThis book focuses on the advanced control of reduced dc-link capacitance AC motor drives. Compared with the conventional AC motor drives, the reduced DC-link capacitance motor drives could reduce the cost, enhance the reliability and improve the power density. The control strategies proposed in this book are verified by experimental results, which include high power factor control, drive system stability control, beat phenomenon suppression, enhanced flux-weakening control, anti-overvoltage control, etc. The major features of this book are the systematic analysis, effective and optimized control of the practical issues in industry application, which could help readers to learn the reduced dc-link capacitance PMSM drives and promote the drive system application. This book could benefit researchers, engineers, and students in the field of AC motor drives.
Reduced Modelling of Planar Fuel Cells
by Zhongjie He Hua Li Karl Erik BirgerssonThis book focuses on novel reduced cell and stack models for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and planar solid oxide fuel cells (P-SOFCs) that serve to reduce the computational cost by two orders of magnitude or more with desired numerical accuracy, while capturing both the average properties and the variability of the dependent variables in the 3D counterparts. The information provided can also be applied to other kinds of plate-type fuel cells whose flow fields consist of parallel plain channels separated by solid ribs. These fast and efficient models allow statistical sensitivity analysis for a sample size in the order of 1000 without prohibitive computational cost to be performed to investigate not only the individual, but also the simultaneous effects of a group of varying geometrical, material, and operational parameters. This provides important information for cell/stack design, and to illustrate this, Monte Carlo simulation of the reduced P-SOFC model is conducted at both the single-cell and stack levels.
Reduced-Order Modeling (ROM) for Simulation and Optimization
by Winfried Keiper Anja Milde Stefan VolkweinThis edited monograph collects research contributions and addresses the advancement of efficient numerical procedures in the area of model order reduction (MOR) for simulation, optimization and control. The topical scope includes, but is not limited to, new out-of-the-box algorithmic solutions for scientific computing, e.g. reduced basis methods for industrial problems and MOR approaches for electrochemical processes. The target audience comprises research experts and practitioners in the field of simulation, optimization and control, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students alike.
Reducing Construction Costs: Proceedings Report
by Federal Facilities CouncilThe National Academies Press (NAP)--publisher for the National Academies--publishes more than 200 books a year offering the most authoritative views, definitive information, and groundbreaking recommendations on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and health. Our books are unique in that they are authored by the nation's leading experts in every scientific field.
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Improving Air Quality: Two Interrelated Global Challenges
by Larry E. Erickson Gary BraseThe world’s atmosphere is a common resource. Air quality, along with energy, transportation, and climate change have significant impacts on our lives and this book helps readers understand the changes happening at the nexus of these areas, as they relate to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality. Discussing the transitions to electric vehicles, solar and wind energy for electricity generation, battery developments, smart grids and electric power management, and progress in the electrification of agricultural technology, it also provides the latest information in the context of the United Nations sustainable development goals and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Features: Includes content on how to improve urban air quality in large cities and urban environments. Effectively addresses the nexus of energy, transportation, air quality, climate change and health. Discusses innovative concepts at the nexus of renewable energy, smart grid, electric vehicles, and electric power management. Describes recent progress in meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Written for a wide audience by world experts in sustainability. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emission and Improving Air Quality: Two Interrelated Global Challenges, is an invaluable book for professionals and academics at the center of changes relating to solar and wind energy, electric vehicles, and charging infrastructure, including government officials, community leaders, researchers, students, and interested citizens. It is also an excellent text for classes that address sustainability, particularly for those focused on transportation and energy.
Reducing Operational Costs in Composites Manufacturing
by Karen Snyder TravisReducing Operational Costs in Composites Manufacturing provides organization-specific principles for managers working in the composites industry. It utilizes a "how to" format for reducing operational costs and provides examples for each principle. In the first two sections, readers learn how to evaluate the existing environment to determine the best course of action when developing a plan to achieve goals. This is followed by a deeper understanding of why character strengths are important, and how to effectively manage employees in section three. Section four helps the new manager to think outside the box by bringing in other managers to evaluate and offer suggestions. Finally, section five teaches the reader how to sustain and continually enhance what they have put in place. Uniquely aimed at the composites industry, this book helps professionals and managers implement process change, gain control of struggling facilities, enhance the strengths of more efficient organizations, and consider manufacturing costs of in a new light.
Reducing the Effects of Climate Change Using Building-Integrated and Building-Applied Photovoltaics in the Power Supply (Innovative Renewable Energy)
by Ali SayighThis book looks at the success and continuing potential of photovoltaic (PV) technology in combating climate change by harnessing solar energy through building-integrated (BIPV) and building-applied photovoltaics (BAPV). With PV global capacity soaring from 940 GW in 2021 to 1100 GW in 2022 and projected to reach 1456 GW by the end of 2023, the world is witnessing an unprecedented shift towards renewable energy solutions. Today, no single country exists without some form of PV installation, driven by reduced costs and abundant free sunshine. The book’s chapters delve into the advancements in PV technology, exploring its integration as an essential building material by examining 14 countries and regions – Brazil, The Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Argentina, Iran, Germany, Malaysia, Oman, Bahrain, India, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Egypt – and providing a comprehensive overview of their successful adoption of PV for electricity generation. Whether you’re an architect, builder, engineer, or climate advocate, this vital resource offers insights, international case studies, and a path to a greener future.
Reducing the Logistics Burden for the Army After Next: Doing More with Less
by National Research CouncilInformation on Reducing the Logistics Burden for the Army After Next
Reducing the Use of Highly Enriched Uranium in Civilian Research Reactors
by National Academies of Sciences Engineering MedicineThe continued presence of highly enriched uranium (HEU) in civilian installations such as research reactors poses a threat to national and international security. Minimization, and ultimately elimination, of HEU in civilian research reactors worldwide has been a goal of U.S. policy and programs since 1978. Today, 74 civilian research reactors around the world, including 8 in the United States, use or are planning to use HEU fuel. Since the last National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report on this topic in 2009, 28 reactors have been either shut down or converted from HEU to low enriched uranium fuel. Despite this progress, the large number of remaining HEU-fueled reactors demonstrates that an HEU minimization program continues to be needed on a worldwide scale. Reducing the Use of Highly Enriched Uranium in Civilian Research Reactors assesses the status of and progress toward eliminating the worldwide use of HEU fuel in civilian research and test reactors.
Redundant Inertial Measurement Unit Reconfiguration and Trajectory Replanning of Launch Vehicle (Navigation: Science and Technology #12)
by Xuefeng Li Fan Xu Guoqiang XuThis book analyzes the problems to be solved urgently in the development of launch vehicle control system. The techniques of redundant Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) reconfiguration and trajectory replanning are proposed aiming at the inertial device failures and power system failures during flight of launch vehicles, respectively. It introduces the background of redundant IMU reconfiguration and trajectory replanning technologies and models of launch vehicle dynamics and redundant strap-down IMUs. The approaches for redundant strap-down IMU fault detection, reconfiguration and trajectory replanning are proposed, putting forward a prospect for the development of launch vehicle control system. The content of this book is concise and highly pragmatic. It could serve as a reference for engineers and researchers engaged in the analysis, design and verification of launch vehicle control systems and also as a reference for graduate students and senior undergraduates majoring in navigation, guidance and control.
The Redwood Forest: History, Ecology, and Conservation of the Coast Redwoods
by Reed F. Noss Save-the-Redwoods LeagueEvidence is mounting that redwood forests, like many other ecosystems, cannot survive as small, isolated fragments in human-altered landscapes. Such fragments lose their diversity over time and, in the case of redwoods, may even lose the ability to grow new, giant trees.The Redwood Forest, written in support of Save-the-Redwood League's master plan, provides scientific guidance for saving the redwood forest by bringing together in a single volume the latest insights from conservation biology along with new information from data-gathering techniques such as GIS and remote sensing. It presents the most current findings on the geologic and cultural history, natural history, ecology, management, and conservation of the flora and fauna of the redwood ecosystem. Leading experts offer a comprehensive account of the redwoods ecosystem, with specific chapters examining the history of the redwood lineage; terrestrial flora and fauna, communities, and ecosystems; aquatic ecosystems; landscape-scale conservation planning; and management alternatives relating to forestry, restoration, and recreation; among other topics.The Redwood Forest offers a case study for ecosystem-level conservation and gives conservation organizations the information, technical tools, and broad perspective they need to evaluate redwood sites and landscapes for conservation. It contains the latest information from groundbreaking research on such topics as redwood canopy communities, the role of fog in sustaining redwood forests, and the function of redwood burls. It also presents sobering lessons from current research on the effects of forestry activities on the sensitive faunas of redwood forests and streams. The key to perpetuating the redwood forest is understanding how it functions; this book represents an important step in establishing such an understanding.
The Reel Classroom: An Introduction to Film Studies and Filmmaking (Grades 6-9)
by Jeff DanielianThe Reel Classroom: An Introduction to Film Studies and Filmmaking presents an educator-facilitated curriculum that focuses on a variety of aspects concerning the appreciation of film and the filmmaking process. With a goal to turn "movie day" into a teaching and learning opportunity—rather than a virtual day off for students—this book will help invigorate classrooms of all disciplines by incorporating documentaries, feature films, short films, and animated films into the regular curriculum. Chapters begin with short and effective introductions to the specified concept with accompanying class discussion ideas and background information for the teacher. Each chapter will conclude with reproducible handouts and assignment sheets along with two to three sample activities/opportunities for assessment. Suggestions for films to be used for each discipline will also be given.Grades 6-9
Reengineering Systems Integration Success (CRC Press Revivals)
by Michael A. MischeReengineering is using information technology to improved performance and cut costs. Its main premise is to examine the goals of an organization and redesign work and business processes from the ground up rather than to simply automate existing tasks and functions. Reengineering is driven by open markets and competition. It is part of responding to a global economy where worldwide customers are more sophisticated and demanding. Defining and executing a systems integration process is a challenging project for a CIO or IS director. Let Reengineering: Systems Integration Success show you how. This multiauthored book covers all aspects of the systems integration process. It addresses critical success factors and underlying pitfalls of systems integration. Packed with features and benefits, Reengineering: Systems Integration Success is the key to success in your organization.
Reentry: SpaceX, Elon Musk, and the Reusable Rockets that Launched a Second Space Age
by Eric BergerHow did a shaky startup defy expectations and become the world&’s leading spaceflight company? Get the untold story of the team of game-changers, led by a well-known billionaire, who are sending NASA astronauts to space—and just might carry the human race to Mars.One company dominates the modern space industry: SpaceX, founded by controversial entrepreneur Elon Musk in 2002, now sending more payloads into orbit than the rest of the world combined. But Musk didn&’t do it alone—the saga of SpaceX is the story of a diverse cadre of true believers in the limitless potential of space travel. For the first time, Reentry relates the definitive chronicle of how this daring team was able to redefine what it takes to reach the stars. With Pulitzer Prize–nominated journalist Eric Berger, author of Liftoff, as your guide, you&’ll accompany SpaceX&’s innovative thinkers during their toughest trials and most audacious moments, including:Creating the first orbital rockets that land by themselves and fly againTransporting a 120-foot rocket from Texas to FloridaRecovering from a &“Hell&’s Bells&” accident before the first Falcon Heavy launchFrantically searching the ocean for the first rocket that splashed down intactIdentifying the $20 part that led to a rocket exploding in flightSlicing up an engine days before it launched into spaceFrom launchpad explosions to a pernicious cricket infestation to the demanding management style of Musk himself, the rise of SpaceX was beset with challenges and far from inevitable. Find out how the startup beat the odds and flew high enough to outpace their rivals . . . and where they&’re going next.
A Reference Architecture for Real-Time Performance Measurement: An Approach to Monitor and Control Manufacturing Processes (Progress in IS)
by Sachin KaradgiThis book describes how manufacturing enterprises, by reinforcing their existing monitoring and control of manufacturing processes, can successfully face the ever-increasing pressure from internal and external environments to maintain their competitive advantage. Numerous performance measurement systems have been elaborated to satisfy these requirements, stressing the importance of financial and operational metrics. It also highlights the fact that research on generating and linking financial and operational metrics, especially in real-time, has not garnered sufficient attention to date. The book follows an approach that integrates enterprises across different levels and departments. By computing and linking the financial and operational metrics in real-time, the book demonstrates how to provide a comprehensive view of an entire enterprise.
Reference Architecture for the Telecommunications Industry
by Christian Czarnecki Christian DietzeThis book reflects the tremendous changes in the telecommunications industry in the course of the past few decades - shorter innovation cycles, stiffer competition and new communication products. It analyzes the transformation of processes, applications and network technologies that are now expected to take place under enormous time pressure. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the TM Forum have provided reference solutions that are broadly recognized and used throughout the value chain of the telecommunications industry, and which can be considered the de facto standard. The book describes how these reference solutions can be used in a practical context: it presents the latest insights into their development, highlights lessons learned from numerous international projects and combines them with well-founded research results in enterprise architecture management and reference modeling. The complete architectural transformation is explained, from the planning and set-up stage to the implementation. Featuring a wealth of examples and illustrations, the book offers a valuable resource for telecommunication professionals, enterprise architects and project managers alike.
The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web
by Linda S KatzStay up-to-date with the growing amount of reference resources available onlineHow important is the World Wide Web to information retrieval and communication? Important enough that information professionals have seen students exit from their libraries en masse when Internet service was lost. Internet providers dominate the indexing and abstracting of periodical articles as major publishers now offer nearly all of their reference titles in digital form. Libraries spend increasing amounts of funding on electronic reference materials, and librarians devote an increasing amount of time to assisting in their use. The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web is an essential guide to collection development for electronic materials in academic and public libraries. The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web tracks the continuing evolution of electronic reference resources-and how they&’re accessed-in a variety of settings. Librarians representing university, elementary school, and public libraries in the United States and Australia examine how reference collections have evolved over time (and may soon be a thing of the past); how public and school libraries have dealt with the changes; why library research assignments have become more difficult for teachers to make and for students to complete; how to organize online reference sources; and why the nature of plagiarism has changed in the electronic era. The book also examines the use of electronic references from a publisher&’s perspective and looks at the most important Web-accessible reference tools-both free and subscription-in the areas of humanities, medicine, the social sciences, business, and education. The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web also examines: issues of authority, accessibility, cost, comfort, and user education in evaluating electronic resources the formation of purchasing consortia to facilitate the transfer of reference materials from print to online formats current literature and research findings on the state of digital versus print reference collections what electronic publishing means to smaller reference books (dictionaries, almanacs, etc.) the need for increased information literacy among students the nature, extent, and causes of cyber plagiarism the use of federated search tools and includes a selected list of the top 100 free Internet reference sitesThe Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web is an essential resource for all reference and collection development librarians, and an invaluable aid for publishing professionals.
Reference-Free CMOS Pipeline Analog-to-Digital Converters
by Michael Figueiredo João Goes Guiomar EvansThis book shows that digitally assisted analog to digital converters are not the only way to cope with poor analog performance caused by technology scaling. It describes various analog design techniques that enhance the area and power efficiency without employing any type of digital calibration circuitry. These techniques consist of self-biasing for PVT enhancement, inverter-based design for improved speed/power ratio, gain-of-two obtained by voltage sum instead of charge redistribution, and current-mode reference shifting instead of voltage reference shifting. Together, these techniques allow enhancing the area and power efficiency of the main building blocks of a multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC) based stage, namely, the flash quantizer, the amplifier, and the switched capacitor network of the MDAC. Complementing the theoretical analyses of the various techniques, a power efficient operational transconductance amplifier is implemented and experimentally characterized. Furthermore, a medium-low resolution reference-free high-speed time-interleaved pipeline ADC employing all mentioned design techniques and circuits is presented, implemented and experimentally characterized. This ADC is said to be reference-free because it precludes any reference voltage, therefore saving power and area, as reference circuits are not necessary. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of the techniques which enabled the implementation of area and power efficient circuits.
Reference Materials in Measurement and Technology: Proceedings of the Fourth International Scientific Conference
by Olga N. Kremleva Egor P. Sobina Sergey V. Medvedevskikh Mikhail V. OkrepilovThe book covers in particular state-of-the-art scientific research about product quality control and related health and environmental safety topics, including human, animal and plant safety assurance issues. These conference proceedings provide contemporary information on the general theoretical, metrological and practical issues of the production and application of reference materials.Reference materials play an integral role in physical, chemical and related type of measurements, ensuring their uniformity, comparability and the validity of quantitative analysis as well as, as a result, the objectivity of decisions concerning the elimination of technical barriers in commercial and economic, scientific and technical and other spheres of cooperation. The book is intended for researchers and practitioners in the field of chemistry, metrologists, technical physics, as well as for specialists in analytical laboratories, or working for companies and organizations involved in the production, distribution and use of reference materials.
Reference Materials in Measurement and Technology: Proceedings of the Third International Scientific Conference
by Sergei V. Medvedevskikh Olga N. Kremleva Irina E. Vasil’eva Egor P. SobinaThe book covers in particular state-of-the-art scientific research about product quality control and related health and environmental safety topics, including human, animal and plant safety assurance issues. These conference proceedings provide contemporary information on the general theoretical, metrological and practical issues of the production and application of reference materials.Reference materials play an integral role in physical, chemical and related type of measurements, ensuring their uniformity, comparability and the validity of quantitative analysis as well as, as a result, the objectivity of decisions concerning the elimination of technical barriers in commercial and economic, scientific and technical and other spheres of cooperation. The book is intended for researchers and practitioners in the field of chemistry, metrologists, technical physics, as well as for specialists in analytical laboratories, or working for companies and organizations involved in the production, distribution and use of reference materials.
Reference Materials in Measurement and Technology: Proceedings of the Fifth International Scientific Conference RMMT 2022
by Egor P. Sobina Sergey V. Medvedevskikh Olga N. Kremleva Ivan S. Filimonov Elena V. Kulyabina Anna V. Kolobova Andrey V. Bulatov Vladimir I. DobrovolskiyThe book covers in particular state-of-the-art scientific research about product quality control and related health and environmental safety topics, including human, animal and plant safety assurance issues. These conference proceedings provide contemporary information on the general theoretical, metrological and practical issues of the production and application of reference materials.Reference materials play an integral role in physical, chemical and related type of measurements, ensuring their uniformity, comparability and the validity of quantitative analysis as well as, as a result, the objectivity of decisions concerning the elimination of technical barriers in commercial and economic, scientific and technical and other spheres of cooperation. The book is intended for researchers and practitioners in the field of chemistry, metrologists, technical physics, as well as for specialists in analytical laboratories, or working for companies and organizations involved in the production, distribution and use of reference materials.
Refined Ray Tracing inside Single- and Double-Curvatured Concave Surfaces
by Balamati Choudhury Rakesh Mohan JhaThis book describes the ray tracing effects inside different quadric surfaces. Analytical surface modeling is a priori requirement for electromagnetic (EM) analysis over aerospace platforms. Although numerically-specified surfaces and even non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) can be used for modeling such surfaces, for most practical EM applications, it is sufficient to model them as quadric surface patches and the hybrids thereof. It is therefore apparent that a vast majority of aerospace bodies can be conveniently modeled as combinations of simpler quadric surfaces, i. e. hybrid of quadric cylinders and quadric surfaces of revolutions. Hence the analysis of geometric ray tracing inside is prerequisite to analyzing the RF build-up. This book, describes the ray tracing effects inside different quadric surfaces such as right circular cylinder, general paraboloid of revolution (GPOR), GPOR frustum of different shaping parameters and the corresponding visualization of the ray-path details. Finally ray tracing inside a typical space module, which is a hybrid of a finite segment of right circular cylinder and a frustum of GPOR is analyzed for practical aerospace applications.
Refined Safety Control of Unmanned Flight Vehicles via Fractional-Order Calculus
by Ziquan Yu Youmin Zhang Bin Jiang Chun-Yi SuThe monograph explores the safety of unmanned flight vehicles via the corresponding fault-tolerant control design methods. The authors analyse the safety control issues of unmanned flight vehicles, which include finite-time recovery against faults, concurrence of actuator faults and sensor faults, concurrence of actuator faults and wind effects, and faults encountered by a portion of unmanned flight vehicles in a distributed communication network. In addition, the commonly used simple but effective proportional-integral-derivative structure is also incorporated into the safety control design for unmanned flight vehicles. By using the fractional-order calculus, the developed safety control results are able to ensure flight safety and achieve the refined performance adjustments against faults and wind effects. The book will be of interest to 3rd/4th year undergraduate students, postgraduate and graduate students, researchers, academic staff, engineers of aircraft and unmanned flight vehicles.
Refinery Engineering
by Ai-Fu Chang Kiran Pashikanti Y. A. LiuPetroleum refining is one of the most important yet challenging industries, and continues to be a major contributor in the production of transportation fuels and chemicals. Current economic, regulatory and environmental concerns place significant pressure on refiners to upgrade and optimize the refining process. At the same time, new product demands are urging refiners to explore alternative processing units and feedstocks. This textbook represents a pioneering and comprehensive introduction to this complex subject, using many of the tools and techniques currently employed in modern refinery process simulation Adopting a systematic and practical approach, the authors include the theory, case studies and hands-on workshops, explaining how to work with real data. As a result, senior-level undergraduate and graduate students, as well as industrial engineers learn how to develop and use the latest computer models for the predictive modeling and optimization of integrated refinery processes. Additional material is available online providing relevant spreadsheets and simulation files for all the models and examples presented in the book.