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Regularization, Optimization, Kernels, and Support Vector Machines (Chapman & Hall/CRC Machine Learning & Pattern Recognition)
by Johan A. K. Suykens Marco Signoretto Andreas ArgyriouRegularization, Optimization, Kernels, and Support Vector Machines offers a snapshot of the current state of the art of large-scale machine learning, providing a single multidisciplinary source for the latest research and advances in regularization, sparsity, compressed sensing, convex and large-scale optimization, kernel methods, and support vecto
The Regularized Fast Hartley Transform
by Keith JonesThe Regularized Fast Hartley Transform provides the reader with the tools necessary to both understand the proposed new formulation and to implement simple design variations that offer clear implementational advantages, both practical and theoretical, over more conventional complex-data solutions to the problem. The highly-parallel formulation described is shown to lead to scalable and device-independent solutions to the latency-constrained version of the problem which are able to optimize the use of the available silicon resources, and thus to maximize the achievable computational density, thereby making the solution a genuine advance in the design and implementation of high-performance parallel FFT algorithms.
The Regularized Fast Hartley Transform: Low-Complexity Parallel Computation of the FHT in One and Multiple Dimensions
by Keith John JonesThis book describes how a key signal/image processing algorithm – that of the fast Hartley transform (FHT) or, via a simple conversion routine between their outputs, of the real‑data version of the ubiquitous fast Fourier transform (FFT) – might best be formulated to facilitate computationally-efficient solutions. The author discusses this for both 1-D (such as required, for example, for the spectrum analysis of audio signals) and m‑D (such as required, for example, for the compression of noisy 2-D images or the watermarking of 3-D video signals) cases, but requiring few computing resources (i.e. low arithmetic/memory/power requirements, etc.). This is particularly relevant for those application areas, such as mobile communications, where the available silicon resources (as well as the battery-life) are expected to be limited. The aim of this monograph, where silicon‑based computing technology and a resource‑constrained environment is assumed and the data is real-valued in nature, has thus been to seek solutions that best match the actual problem needing to be solved.
Regularized Image Reconstruction in Parallel MRI with MATLAB
by Joseph Suresh Paul Raji Susan MathewRegularization becomes an integral part of the reconstruction process in accelerated parallel magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) due to the need for utilizing the most discriminative information in the form of parsimonious models to generate high quality images with reduced noise and artifacts. Apart from providing a detailed overview and implementation details of various pMRI reconstruction methods, Regularized image reconstruction in parallel MRI with MATLAB examples interprets regularized image reconstruction in pMRI as a means to effectively control the balance between two specific types of error signals to either improve the accuracy in estimation of missing samples, or speed up the estimation process. The first type corresponds to the modeling error between acquired and their estimated values. The second type arises due to the perturbation of k-space values in autocalibration methods or sparse approximation in the compressed sensing based reconstruction model. Features: Provides details for optimizing regularization parameters in each type of reconstruction. Presents comparison of regularization approaches for each type of pMRI reconstruction. Includes discussion of case studies using clinically acquired data. MATLAB codes are provided for each reconstruction type. Contains method-wise description of adapting regularization to optimize speed and accuracy. This book serves as a reference material for researchers and students involved in development of pMRI reconstruction methods. Industry practitioners concerned with how to apply regularization in pMRI reconstruction will find this book most useful.
Regulating Artificial Intelligence
by Thomas Wischmeyer Timo RademacherThis book assesses the normative and practical challenges for artificial intelligence (AI) regulation, offers comprehensive information on the laws that currently shape or restrict the design or use of AI, and develops policy recommendations for those areas in which regulation is most urgently needed. By gathering contributions from scholars who are experts in their respective fields of legal research, it demonstrates that AI regulation is not a specialized sub-discipline, but affects the entire legal system and thus concerns all lawyers. Machine learning-based technology, which lies at the heart of what is commonly referred to as AI, is increasingly being employed to make policy and business decisions with broad social impacts, and therefore runs the risk of causing wide-scale damage. At the same time, AI technology is becoming more and more complex and difficult to understand, making it harder to determine whether or not it is being used in accordance with the law. In light of this situation, even tech enthusiasts are calling for stricter regulation of AI. Legislators, too, are stepping in and have begun to pass AI laws, including the prohibition of automated decision-making systems in Article 22 of the General Data Protection Regulation, the New York City AI transparency bill, and the 2017 amendments to the German Cartel Act and German Administrative Procedure Act. While the belief that something needs to be done is widely shared, there is far less clarity about what exactly can or should be done, or what effective regulation might look like. The book is divided into two major parts, the first of which focuses on features common to most AI systems, and explores how they relate to the legal framework for data-driven technologies, which already exists in the form of (national and supra-national) constitutional law, EU data protection and competition law, and anti-discrimination law. In the second part, the book examines in detail a number of relevant sectors in which AI is increasingly shaping decision-making processes, ranging from the notorious social media and the legal, financial and healthcare industries, to fields like law enforcement and tax law, in which we can observe how regulation by AI is becoming a reality.
Regulating Blockchain: Critical Perspectives in Law and Technology
by Robert HerianAs the distributed architecture underpinning the initial Bitcoin anarcho-capitalist, libertarian project, 'blockchain' entered wider public imagination and vocabulary only very recently. Yet in a short space of time it has become more mainstream and synonymous with a spectacular variety of commercial and civic 'problem'/'solution' concepts and ideals. From commodity provenance, to electoral fraud prevention, to a wholesale decentralisation of power and the banishing of the exploitative practices of 'middlemen', blockchain stakeholders are nothing short of evangelical in their belief that it is a force for good. For these reasons and more the technology has captured the attention of entrepreneurs, venture capitalists, global corporations and governments the world over. Blockchain may indeed offer a unique technical opportunity to change cultures of transparency and trust within cyberspace, and as ‘revolutionary’ and ‘disruptive’ has the potential to shift global socioeconomic and political conventions. But as a yet largely unregulated, solutionist-driven phenomenon, blockchain exists squarely within the boundaries of capitalist logic and reason, fast becoming central to the business models of many sources of financial and political power the technology was specifically designed to undo, and increasingly allied to neoliberal strategies with scant regard for collective, political or democratic accountability in the public interest. Regulating Blockchain casts a critical eye over the technology, its ‘ecosystem’ of stakeholders, and offers a challenge to the prevailing discourse proclaiming it to be the great techno-social enabler of our times.
Regulating from the Inside: Can Environmental Management Systems Achieve Policy Goals (Rff Press Ser.)
by Cary CoglianeseEnvironmental Management Systems (EMSs) offer an approach to regulatory policy that lies somewhere between free-market and traditional command-and-control methods. Worldwide, hundreds of thousands of private firms have adopted or are considering adopting these internally managed systems for improving environmental performance. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency has established a special recognition for firms that adopt EMSs. Already, numerous state agencies have proposed or adopted 'green-tier systems' that allow firms with EMSs to be exempted from otherwise applicable requirements. Yet while private- and public-sector interest in EMSs is booming, limited empirical evidence is available about the efficacy of EMSs. To close the gap between advocacy and analysis, Regulating from the Inside brings together cutting-edge work of leading scholars, providing the most comprehensive analysis to date of environmental management systems. Intended to frame the future policy and the research agenda about EMSs, the discussions are organized around two critical questions: How have EMSs worked in firms that have already adopted them? What potential and limitations do they have as policy tools in the future? Addressing the arguments of both advocates and skeptics, the chapters examine why firms adopt EMSs; how firms implement EMSs; how EMSs answer concerns about fairness, corporate social responsibility, and sustainability; and what kind of impact EMSs may have on the global economy.
Regulating Information Asymmetry in the Residential Real Estate Market: The Hong Kong Experience (Routledge Studies in International Real Estate)
by Devin LinThis book conducts a detailed examination of the current form of the Hong Kong residential property regulatory system: the 2013 Residential Properties (Firsthand Sales) Ordinance (Cap 621). The author sheds light on how the new legislation promotes a number of values including information symmetry, consumer protection, the free market and business efficacy. It provides a detailed account of how the regulatory mechanism has evolved over the past three decades to catch unconsscionable sales tactics (such as selective information and/or misrepresentation of location, size, completion date and past transactions) and monitor sales practices in order to protect the interests of stakeholders in this ever-changing first-hand residential property market. This book breaks down this complicated subject matter by focusing a number of chapters each on a specific attribute of the residential property on sale. It then examines the various channels through which the information is communicated to the prospective buyer and discusses misrepresentation of the key information in sales of residential properties as criminal liability.The tension between consumer’s rights on one hand and the pursuit of free market principles on the other is but one example of the conflicting values thoroughly discussed in the book, others include superstition vs. modernization and clarity vs. flexibility. Aimed at those with an interest in consumer protection and transparency-orientated legislation in commercialized real estate transactions, this book seeks to provide an in-depth discussion of the latest trends and directions of travel.
Regulating Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis: A Comparative and Theoretical Analysis (Biomedical Law and Ethics Library)
by Sheila A.M. McLean Sarah EllistonThe successful achievement of pregnancies following pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was first reported in April 1990. The technology is often used for patients who are at substantial risk of conceiving a pregnancy affected by a known genetic disorder, however from this technology other more controversial uses have arisen such as HLA typing to save the life of a sibling, gender selection for social reasons, the prevention of late onset diseases, or the prevention of diseases which may be genetically predisposed to developing such as breast cancer. The technology surrounding PGD is constantly developing, giving rise to new and unexpected consequences that create fresh ethical and legal dilemmas. Featuring internationally recognized experts in the field, this book critically explores the regulation of PGD and the broader legal and ethical issues associated with it. It looks at the regulatory situation in a number of jurisdictions including New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom, but it also explores a number of themes of wide significance including a historical consideration of PGD and its part in the creation of the "genetic embryo" as a political tool, the over regulation of PGD and the ethical difficulties in handling additional unexpected medical information yielded by new technologies. This book will be of particular interest to academics and students of law, medicine and ethics.
Regulating Technological Innovation
by Michiel A. Heldeweg Evisa KicaExamining the regulatory issues of fostering technological innovation and its applications this book combines legal, economic and administrative science perspectives. It answers important questions such as what type of regulatory framework would best fit the needs of technology and innovation developments?
Regulating the Collaborative Economy in the European Union Digital Single Market
by Marco IngleseThis book critically assesses how the rise of the collaborative economy in the European Union Digital Single Market is disrupting consolidated legal acquisitions, such as classical internal market categories, as well as the applicability of consumer protection, data protection, and labour and competition law. It argues that the collaborative economy will, sooner or later, require some sort of regulatory intervention from the European Union. This regulatory intervention, far from stifling innovation, will benefit online platforms, service providers and users by providing them with a clearer and more predictable environment in which to conduct their business. Although primarily intended for academics, this book also appeals to a wider readership, including, but not limited to, national and international regulators, private firms and lobbies as well as online platforms, consumer associations and trade unions.
Regulating the Privately Rented Housing Sector: Evidence into Practice (Routledge Focus on Environmental Health)
by Jill Stewart Russell MoffattThis book explores theory and practice in the complex policy area of privately rented housing in England, with a particular focus on environmental and public health. Bringing together a range of both academic and practicing experts in the field, it responds to the rapid growth and changing nature of the sector and considers the range of options available to local authorities in ensuring more effective regulation strategies. This book: Creates a key, up-to-date professional resource for housing regulation based on road-tested academic course material. Breaks down strategies and practices to an implementational level. Provides impetus to leaders, practitioners, and students to both deliver and reflect on improved regulation. Explores responses to various stakeholder needs through the lens of protecting and supporting tenants. This book will interest professionals working in public health, housing, and local authorities, as well as environmental health and housing academia. Students across environmental health, social work, nursing, and other disciplines will also find this appealing.
Regulating Water Security in Unconventional Oil and Gas (Water Security in a New World)
by Regina M. Buono Elena López Gunn Jennifer McKay Chad StaddonThis book addresses the need for deeper understanding of regulatory and policy regimes around the world in relation to the use of water for the production of ‘unconventional’ hydrocarbons, including shale gas, coal bed methane and tight oil, through hydraulic fracturing. Legal, policy, political and regulatory issues surrounding the use of water for hydraulic fracturing are present at every stage of operations. Operators and regulators must understand the legal, political and hydrological contexts of their surroundings, procure water for use in the fracturing and extraction processes, gain community cooperation or confront social resistance around water, collect flow back and produced water, and dispose of these wastewaters safely. By analysing and comparing different approaches to these issues from around the globe, this volume gleans insights into how policy, best practices and regulation may be developed to advance the interests of all stakeholders. While it is not always possible to easily transfer ‘good practice’ from one place to another, there is value in examining and understanding the components of different legal and regulatory regimes, as these may assist in the development of better regulatory law and policy for the rapidly growing unconventional energy sector.The book takes an interdisciplinary approach and includes chapters looking at water-energy nexus security in general, along with issue-focused and geographically-focused case studies written by scholars from around the world.Chapter topics, organized in conjunction with the stage of the shale gas production process upon which they touch, include the implications of hydraulic fracturing for agriculture, municipalities, and other stakeholders competing for water supplies; public opinion regarding use of water for hydraulic fracturing; potential conflicts between hydraulic fracturing and water as a human right; prevention of induced seismic activity, and the disposal or recycling of produced water. Several chapters also discuss implications of unconventional energy production for indigenous communities, particularly as regards sustainable water management. This volume will be of interest to scholars and students of energy and water, regulators and policymakers and operators interested in ensuring that they align with emergent best global practice.
Regulation Fixtures in Hydronic Heating Installations: Types, Structures, Characteristics and Applications (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #187)
by Damian Piotr MuniakThe book focuses on design and computational issues related to fixtures and armatures in hydronic heating installations, especially regulation valves, their selection, operating principles, types and construction. The analysis is complemented by connection diagrams, drawings, photos of the valves and computational examples of their selection and operation parameters when used in a pipework and a controlled object, like a radiator. It also discusses issues related to the so-called valve authority, one of the main parameters determining the quality of the valve regulation process. Further, it includes an extensive theoretical framework along with a detailed mathematical analysis and proposes new algorithms, which have been verified and confirmed experimentally. Based on this analysis, the book presents the author’s analytical approach for sizing a regulation valve, as well as an innovative design solution for a regulation valve without the limitations of the valves currently available on the market. Lastly, it introduces a new verified method of calculating the valve pre-setting. Intended for engineers dealing with heating issues, scientists and students studying environmental engineering, energetics and related fields, the book is also useful for lecturers, designers, and those operating heating installations, as well as authors of computer programs for thermal and hydraulic balancing of heating installations.
Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology: The United States and Canada
by Chris A. Wozniak Alan MchughenAgricultural biotechnology takes many forms and applications, with the number and diversity of products ever increasing. With this rapid development, regulatory authorities have sought to keep pace through regulatory adjustments and advances to ensure the safe and beneficial use of this critical technology. The regulatory systems for the U.S. and Canada are not static and must evolve in order to maintain relevance, efficiency and applicability to the challenges encountered. The diverse authors, drawn from the biotechnology industry, academia, government research and regulatory agencies, offer their perspectives of the historical and current system and suggest where it can be improved in the future. Based upon vast experience interacting with the regulatory system, the editors and authors offer demystifying views of the US and Canadian regulatory structures and how they came to be. We know of no other effort to present the biotechnology regulatory systems of the US and Canada in an open forum which will benefit those in the regulated community as well as those charged with oversight of the products of biotechnology, and ultimately the consumer!
The Regulation of Animal Health and Welfare: Science, Law and Policy (Law, Science and Society)
by John McEldowney Wyn Grant Graham MedleyThe Regulation of Animal Health and Welfare draws on the research of scientists, lawyers, economists and political scientists to address the current and future regulatory problems posed by the issues of animal health and disease. Recent events such as the outbreak of mad cow disease, epidemics of foot and mouth disease, concerns about bluetongue in sheep, and the entry into the food chain of the offspring of cloned cattle, have heightened awareness of the issues of regulation in animal disease and welfare. This book critically appraises the existing regulatory institutions and guiding principles of how best to maintain animal health in the context of social change and a developing global economy. Addressing considerations of sound science, the role of risk management, and the allocation of responsibilities, it also takes up the theoretical and practical challenges which here – and elsewhere – attend the co-operation of scientists, social scientists, lawyers and policy makers. Indeed, the collaboration of scientists and social scientists in determined and regulatory contexts such as that of animal disease is an issue of ever-increasing importance. This book will be of considerable value to those with interests in this issue, as well as those concerned with the law and policy relating to animal health and welfare.
The Regulation of Automated and Autonomous Transport
by Kyriaki Noussia Matthew ChannonThis book discusses various legal aspects of automated and autonomous transport. The regulation of automated and autonomous transport encompasses legislation on automated cars, ships, vessels, and drones. Questions surrounding this novel area of the law, which has attracted major worldwide interest and publicity, are likely to dominate our societies and everyday life in the years ahead. One major challenge addressed in this book is remedying the regulatory fragmentation that can be observed around the globe concerning legislation on automated and autonomous transportation systems. Written and edited by respected experts in the field, including academics and practitioners alike, this book seeks to fill an important gap in the literature.Given its focus and scope, the book will be of considerable interest to practitioners, academics, and policymakers, judges, students and secondary audiences, including engineers, sociologists, naval architects, all those involved in the automated industry, and people working in AI.
Regulation of Biological Control Agents
by Ralf-Udo EhlersThis book presents a comprehensive compilation of registration requirements necessary for authorisation of biological control agents (viruses, bacteria, fungi, active substances of natural origin and semiochemicals) in OECD countries. It also reviews data requirements for invertebrate agents (insect, mites and nematodes) and provides proposals for harmonisation of the regulation process and guidelines for completion of application forms. Based on results of the EU REBECA Policy Support Action, which gathered experts from academia, regulation authorities and industry, risks and benefits of the specific agents were reviewed and proposals for a more balanced registration process elaborated, including recommendations for acceleration of the authorisation process and discussions on trade-off effects and policy impacts. All these aspects are covered in detail in this book, which points the way forward for enhanced utilisation of biological control agents.
The Regulation of Cyberspace: Control in the Online Environment
by Andrew MurrayExamining the development and design of regulatory structures in the online environment, The Regulation of Cyberspace considers current practices and suggests a regulatory model that acknowledges its complexity and how it can be used by regulators to provide a more comprehensive regulatory structure for cyberspace. Drawing on the work of cyber-regulatory theorists, such as Yochai Benkler, Andrew Shapiro and Lawrence Lessig, Murray explores and analyzes how all forms of control, including design and market controls, as well as traditional command and control regulation, are applied within the complex and flexible environment of cyberspace. It includes chapters on: the role of the cyberlawyer environmental design and control online communities cyber laws and cyber law-making. This book is an essential read for anyone interested in law and information technology.
The Regulation of Dietary Supplements: A Historical Analysis
by Stephen J. PintauroThis book documents the long, still ongoing battle between the US Food and Drug Administration and the dietary supplement industry. It presents the complex, often subtle, and sometimes overlooked series of events that had a major impact on how dietary supplements are manufactured, marketed, sold, and used today. While the first few chapters focus on some background topics, the remaining chapters walk the reader through timeline of events, legislative actions, FDA proposed and final rules, and judicial decisions that led to our current dietary supplement regulatory framework. Interwoven in narrative are examples of the roles of science, social and public policy, politics, and popular media.
Regulation of Energy Markets: Economic Mechanisms and Policy Evaluation (Lecture Notes in Energy #80)
by Machiel MulderThis textbook explains the main economic mechanisms behind energy markets and assesses how governments can implement policies to improve how these markets function. Adopting a micro-economic perspective, the book systematically analyses the various types of market failures on the electricity and gas markets as well as coal, oil, hydrogen and heat markets to identify government policies that can improve welfare. These shortcomings include the natural monopoly and the public-good character of energy infrastructures; market power resulting from inflexibility of supply and demand; international trade restrictions; negative externalities concerning the use of fossil energy; positive externalities concerning innovative new energy technologies; information asymmetries with regard to the product characteristics of energy commodities; and other public concerns, such as energy poverty. In turn, readers will learn about various measures that governments can use to address these market failures, including incentive regulation for electricity grids; international integration of wholesale energy markets; environmental regulatory measures like emissions trading schemes; subsidy schemes for new technologies; green-energy certificate schemes; and energy taxes. Given its scope, the book will appeal to upper-undergraduate and graduate students from various disciplines who want to learn more about the economics and regulation of energy systems and markets.
Regulation of Genome Editing in Plant Biotechnology: A Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Frameworks of Selected Countries and the EU
by Hans-Georg Dederer David HamburgerThis book provides in-depth insights into the regulatory frameworks of five countries and the EU concerning the regulation of genome edited plants. The country reports form the basis for a comparative analysis of the various national regulations governing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in general and genome edited plants in particular, as well as the underlying regulatory approaches.The reports, which focus on the regulatory status quo of genome edited plants in Argentina, Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan and the USA, were written by distinguished experts following a uniform structure. On this basis, the legal frameworks are compared in order to foster a rational assessment of which approaches could be drawn upon to adjust, or to completely realign, the current EU regime for GMOs. In addition, a separate chapter identifies potential best practices for the regulation of plants derived from genome editing.
The Regulator–Regulatee Relationship in High-Hazard Industry Sectors: New Actors and New Viewpoints in a Conservative Landscape (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Jean-Christophe Le Coze Benoît JournéThis open access book addresses relationships that develop from the complex set of legislative, regulatory, and institutional arrangements that arise in the governance of high-hazard industries, especially those connected with safety. It analyses the difference in practices between high-hazard sectors such as nuclear power, chemical processing, and transport with those in the finance and healthcare sectors. The relationship between regulating and regulated entities is important in ensuring that safety is not subordinated to other concerns and in maintaining public confidence. As a result, the brief addresses various pressures and trade-offs inherent in that relationship, trade-offs between such considerations as: cost of the oversight activity and its effectiveness; regulator independence and its level of competency and understanding of the risks involved; ability to provide advice on meeting regulatory goals and being able to criticize decisions made; and effectiveness and intrusion in operational activities. The contributors show how, over time, a more horizontal or “decentred” approach to regulatory oversight has appeared, with a larger degree of delegation of certain decisions to industry and a greater role for a range of third parties such as certification bodies, auditors, insurers, industry associations and NGOs. This book is of interest to academics working in the fields of safety science or organizational management and to practitioners, regulators and policy-makers concerned with health and safety and critical infrastructure.
Regulatory Foundations for the Food Protection Professional
by Julia Bradsher Gerald Wojtala Craig Kaml Christopher Weiss David ReadRegulatory Foundations for the Food Protection Professional is a comprehensive guide for the entry-level food protection professional (FPP) working in either the public or private sector. The book can also serve as a foundation for students in academic programs preparing for a career in food protection. Additionally, as the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) is implemented, this book will provide valuable information for countries wishing to export foods and food ingredients to the U. S. and comply with U. S. food safety regulations. The book is based on the Entry-Level component of the National Curriculum Framework for regulators, created by the International Food Protection Training Institute (IFPTI) located in Battle Creek, Michigan. The Entry-Level component of the National Curriculum Framework contains more than twenty content areas, including Epidemiology, Microbiology, Labeling, Food Defense Awareness, Program Standards, Environmental Health and Safety, Sampling, and Allergens. Each chapter is divided into specific learning objectives aimed at equipping the entry-level FPP with the knowledge and skills necessary to successfully perform his or her job, whether in the public or private sector, and whether in food safety or food defense. Established in 2009, IFPTI is improving public health by building competency-based training and certification systems, and cultivating leadership for the food protection community worldwide. Our mission is to enhance public health by improving the protection of the world's food supply through training, certification, thought leadership, and technology. See more at www. ifpti. org.
Regulatory Issues in Organic Food Safety in the Asia Pacific
by Goh Bee Chen Rohan PriceThe book seeks to address the intersection of food organics and the emergence of a new contractualism between producers, distributors and consumers, and between nation states. Additionally, it seeks to cater to the needs of a discerning public concerned about how its own country aims to meet their demands for organic food quality and safety, as well as how they will benefit from integration in the standard-setting processes increasingly occurring regionally and internationally. This edited volume brings together expert scholars and practitioners and draws on their respective insights and experiences in the field of organics, food and health safety. The book is organized in three parts. Part I outlines certain international perspectives; Part II reflects upon relevant histories and influences and finally, Part III examines the organic food regulatory regime of various jurisdictions in the Asia Pacific.