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Photovoltaik – Physikalische Grundlagen und Konzepte
by Gottfried Heinrich BauerDieses Lehrbuch beschreibt die Prinzipien und Konzepte der quantenhaften Solarenergiewandlung, der Photovoltaik, konsistent mit physikalischen Formulierungen.Beginnend bei den Grundlagen zur Strahlungsquelle Sonne und den theoretischen Grenzen bei der Wandlung solarer Strahlung, über die grundlegenden Prinzipien der Photovoltaik bis zu realen Solarzellen und möglichen Konzepte zur Erhöhung der Ausbeute, ermöglicht das Buch einen Überblick über dieses, auch mit Blick auf eine dauerhafte und klimaneutrale Energieversorgung relevante Thema.Zum Verständnis der Wirkungsweise und der thermodynamischen Limits sind Kenntnisse und Beziehungen aus verschiedenen Gebieten der Physik notwendig, wie Festkörper- und Halbleiterphysik, Thermodynamik und Statistik, Optik und Elektrodynamik. Diese Beziehungen werden zur Erklärung der Funktion von Solarzellen in den vorliegenden Kapiteln im Vergleich mit bestehenden Werken sehr ausführlich dargestellt und in einem Anhang für interessierte Leserinnen und Leser vertieft.Der Inhalt dieses Buchs richtet sich dabei vornehmlich an Studierende im Bachelor- und Masterstudiengang von Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften, beispielsweise der Fachrichtungen Physik, Chemie, Umweltwissenschaften, Elektrotechnik und Informatik.
Photovoltaik für die Wohnungswirtschaft: Schnelleinstieg für Architekten und Bauingenieure (essentials)
by Mario H. KrausDie kurze Einführung in die Photovoltaik erleichtert die ersten Schritte bei der Planung einer PV-Anlage. Die wichtigsten Schwerpunkte werden beschrieben, Rechtsgrundlagen und Risikofaktoren benannt. Ein ausführliches Verzeichnis von Literatur und weiteren Quellen ist enthalten.
Photovoltaik - Wie Sonne zu Strom wird
by Viktor Wesselak Sebastian VoswinckelWie funktioniert Photovoltaik? Welche Arten von Solarzellen gibt es? Wie wirtschaftlich sind Photovoltaikanlagen? Wie sieht die zuk#65533;nftige Entwicklung aus? Das kompakte Buch vermittelt fundiertes Orientierungswissen #65533;ber Funktionsweise, Anwendung und Grenzen der Photovoltaik. Es eignet sich f#65533;r einen schnellen Einstieg in die Problematik und erm#65533;glicht eine Einordnung unterschiedlicher Technologien und Anlagenvarianten. Die Autoren erkl#65533;ren anschaulich die wichtigsten Eigenschaften der Sonnenstrahlung und vermitteln die prinzipielle Funktionsweise einer Solarzelle. Sie gehen auf die wesentlichen Unterschiede heutiger und zuk#65533;nftiger Technologien von Solarzellen ein. In der 2. Auflage gehen die Autoren auf die aktuellen Entwicklungen des EEG ein und stellen die Wirtschaftlichkeit unterschiedlicher Anlagenkonzepte mit und ohne F#65533;rderung anhand praxisnaher Beispiele dar.
Photovoltaism, Agriculture and Ecology: From Agrivoltaism to Ecovoltaism
by Claude Grison Lucie Cases Martine Hossaert-McKey Mailys Le MoigneOne of the challenges of our modern society is to successfully reconcile growing energy demand, demographic and food pressure and ecological and environmental urgency.This book offers an update on a rapidly evolving subject, that of modern photovoltaic systems capable of combining the needs of energy and ecological transition. Although photovoltaic solar energy is a well-proven technical solution in terms of energy, its development can compete with agricultural land or natural sites.New solutions are emerging: the installation of photovoltaic parks on industrial wasteland; agrivoltaics, which reconcile agricultural activity and energy production on the same surface; and ecovoltaics, which make it possible to make use of the unused surfaces under solar panels by developing ecological solutions capable of providing services to nature. These innovations are part of the response to the need to preserve terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, halt the decline in animal and plant biodiversity and participate in the development of a new mode of sustainable development and green economy.
Phthalocyanine-Based Functional Polymeric Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications
by Jianzhuang Jiang Hailong Wang Kang WangA carefully curated collection of resources covering the concepts, perspectives, and applications of phthalocyanine chemistry In Phthalocyanine-Based Functional Polymeric Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive discussion of phthalocyanine-involving hybrids, molecular cages, coordination polymers, covalent organic frameworks, and organic polymers. The book also explains a diverse array of the applications of these novel materials in chemical sensors, organic catalysts, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, energy storage, and more. The authors have included material designed to help you improve the design of monomers to synthesize polymers with desired functionalities. A valuable reference in the development of phthalocyanine chemistry, readers will also find: A thorough introduction to phthalocyanine-based polymers and their uses in sensors, catalysis, energy storage, and other applications Comprehensive explorations of the extended molecular systems of phthalocyanines, filling the gap between monomeric phthalocyanine compounds and polymers Practical discussions of a variety of phthalocyanine-based polymer systems, their potential applications, and major design and synthesis challenges Complete treatments of these novel materials appropriate for readers in academia and industry Perfect for polymer, organic, inorganic, catalytic, complex, and structural chemists, Phthalocyanine-Based Functional Polymeric Materials will also benefit materials scientists and chemists working in industry.
Phthalocyanine Research and Applications
by Arthur L. ThomasThe purpose of this monograph is to provide a summary for those who are active in the field of phthalocyanine research. This volume allows the reader to quickly-and at a reasonable cost-determine what is being accomplished so that he may plan his own research programs. It covers such topics as synthesis, reactions, inks, energy systems, coatings, toners, and electrophotographic plates and developers, just to name a few. Packed with over 40 structural drawings of phthalocyanine molecules, this one-of-a-kind reference provides the necessary description and visualization to stimulate further research. This work is an indispensable resource for researchers and practitioners, both novice and experienced, in the field of phthalocyanine science and technology.
Phycology-Based Approaches for Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery
by Maulin P. Shah Pradeep VermaAlgal and phycology-based approaches for wastewater treatment have recently gained interest. Phycology-Based Approaches for Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery highlights advanced algal-based technologies developed or being considered for wastewater treatment along with the opportunities that existing technologies can provide at an industrial scale. It covers recent findings on algal-based approaches for the removal of heavy metals, organic pollutants, and other toxicities from sewage and industrial effluents and supplies in-depth analysis on technologies such as biosorption and bioaccumulations. Advanced mathematical modeling approaches to understand waste removal and resource recovery from wastewater are illustrated as well. The book: Provides exhaustive information on the use of algae for the simultaneous treatment and resource recovery of wastewater Discusses algae, microalgae, and cyanobacteria applications in detail Presents critical insight into limitations of the prevalent technologies Reviews methodology of advanced technologies Includes illustrations and interesting trivia boxes throughout the book This book is of interest to researchers, graduate students and professionals in phycology, microbiology, bioremediation, environmental sciences, biotechnology, wastewater treatment, resource recovery, and circular economy.
Phycoremediation of Wastewater: Practical Applications for Sustainability
by Maulin P. Shah Günay Yıldız TörePhycoremediation is an alternative method of water and wastewater remediation, which includes the use of algae for treatment, and is an environmentally friendly and sustainable technology. More conventional methods of wastewater treatment have been successful in the removal of conventional contaminants from the water; however, these techniques typically require more time and energy than phycoremediation. Phycoremediation of Wastewater: Practical Applications for Sustainability focuses on the latest developments in water remediation as well as the major challenges faced by municipalities implementing large-scale phycoremediation operations. It addresses the latest advancements in the field as well as the future applications and techniques to make water remediation processes more environmentally sustainable. It focuses on the latest developments in phycoremediation and outlines the major challenges in large-scale operation and implementation. It explores the future scope of the remediation techniques to make processes more sustainable going forward.
Phycoremediation Processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment (Wastewater Treatment and Research)
by Maulin P. ShahIncreasing population and industrialization are the key pollutant contributors in water bodies. The wastes generated by industries are highly hazardous for humans and the ecosystem and require a comprehensive and effective treatment before being discharged into water bodies. Over the years, many up gradations have been introduced in traditional water treatment methods which were expensive and ineffective especially for removal of toxic pollutants. Phycoremediation has been gaining attention due to its mutual benefit in wastewater treatment and for valuable algae biomass production. Wastewater, especially sewage and industrial effluents, is rich in pathogenic organisms, organic and inorganic compounds and heavy metals that adversely affect human and aquatic life. Microalgae use these inorganic compounds and heavy metals for their growth. In addition, they also reduce pathogenic organisms and release oxygen to be used by bacteria for decomposition of organic compounds in a secondary treatment. In this book, the potential of microalgae in wastewater treatment, their benefits, strategies, and challenges are discussed. The increasing need of finding innovative, low-cost, low-energy, sustainable and eco-friendly solutions for wastewater treatment makes the publication of a book on phycoremediation timely and appropriate. Features: (1) Deals with the most emerging aspects of algal research with special reference to phycoremediation. (2) Studies in depth diversity, mutations, genomics and metagenomics study (3) An eco-physiology, culturing, microalgae for food and feed, biofuel production, harvesting of microalgae, separation and purification of biochemicals.
Phycotoxins: Chemistry and Biochemistry
by Luis M. Botana Amparo AlfonsoPhycotoxins are a diverse group of poisonous substances produced by certain seaweed and algae in marine and fresh waters and are important to the scientific community for many reasons, the most obvious being that they pose food safety issues which requires a large investment to regularly monitor the presence of these compounds in foods. Phycotoxins: Chemistry and Biochemistry, second edition presents the most updated information available on phycotoxins. Major emphases are given to chemistry and biochemistry, while origins, mechanism of action, toxicology, and analytical methodology are also covered. Since the publication of the first edition, there have been major advances in the science of marine and aquatic toxins, as well as advances in toxicology, analytical chemistry and pharmacology. This fully revised and updated edition includes several new chapters, including those on ciguatoxins, pinnatoxin, ichthyotoxins, as well as new chapters on food safety control of marine toxins, climate change and water toxins, and microalgae as a source of nutraceuticals. The book will be of interest to toxicologists, marine, food, and plant scientists, as well as researchers and academics in the areas of food science, medicine, public health, toxicology, pharmacology and marine biology.
Phygital Intelligence: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023) (Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication)
by Chao Yan Hua Chai Tongyue Sun Philip F. YuanThis open access book is a compilation of selected papers from 2023 DigitalFUTURES — The 5nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023). The work focuses on novel techniques for computational design and robotic fabrication. The contents make valuable contributions to academic researchers, designers, and engineers in the industry. As well, readers will encounter new ideas about understanding intelligence in architecture.
Physical Activity and Public Health Practice
by Barbara E. Ainsworth Caroline A. MaceraPhysical activity remains a critical area of research as we consider cost-effective measures for lowering the chronic disease epidemic worldwide. In our increasingly automated society, many adults and children are not active at health-enhancing levels. In Physical Activity and Public Health Practice, a panel of respected researchers summarizes esse
Physical and Biological Hazards of the Workplace
by Gregg M. Stave Peter H. WaldCompletely updated version this classic reference covers both physical hazards and biological agents Provides updated information on protecting workers from proven and possible health risks from manual material handling, extremes of temperature and pressure, ionizing and non-ionizing (magnetic fields) radiation, shiftwork, and more Details major changes in our understanding of biological hazards including Ebola, Chikungunya, Zika, HIV, Hepatitis C, Lyme disease, MERS-CoV, TB, and much more All infectious diseases have been updated from an occupational health perspective Includes practical guidance on to how to set up medical surveillance for hazards and suggests preventive measures that can be used to reduce occupational diseases
Physical and Chemical Dissolution Front Instability in Porous Media
by Chongbin ZhaoThis monograph provides state-of-the-art theoretical and computational findings from investigations on physical and chemical dissolution front instability problems in porous media, based on the author's own work. Although numerical results are provided to complement theoretical ones, the focus of this monograph is on the theoretical aspects of the topic and those presented in this book are applicable to a wide range of scientific and engineering problems involving the instability of nonlinear dynamic systems. To appeal to a wider readership, common mathematical notations are used to derive the theoretical solutions. The book can be used either as a useful textbook for postgraduate students or as a valuable reference book for computational scientists, mathematicians, engineers and geoscientists.
Physical and Chemical Equilibrium for Chemical Engineers
by Noel De NeversThis book concentrates on the topic of physical and chemical equilibrium. Using the simplest mathematics along with numerous numerical examples it accurately and rigorously covers physical and chemical equilibrium in depth and detail. It continues to cover the topics found in the first edition however numerous updates have been made including: Changes in naming and notation (the first edition used the traditional names for the Gibbs Free Energy and for Partial Molal Properties, this edition uses the more popular Gibbs Energy and Partial Molar Properties,) changes in symbols (the first edition used the Lewis-Randal fugacity rule and the popular symbol for the same quantity, this edition only uses the popular notation,) and new problems have been added to the text. Finally the second edition includes an appendix about the Bridgman table and its use.
Physical and Chemical Processes in the Aquatic Environment
by An Li Erik R. Christensend transformation. The book also includes the most up to date information including a discussion on emerging pollutants such as brominated and phosphate flame retardants, perflurochemicals, and pharmaceutical and personal care products. Due to its importance an ecotoxicology chapter has been included featuring molecular biological methods, nanoparticles, and comparison of the basis of biotic ligand model with the Weibull dose-response model. Finally, the last chapter briefly summarizes the regulations on ambient water quality.
Physical and Data-Link Security Techniques for Future Communication Systems
by Marco Baldi Stefano TomasinThis book focuses on techniques that can be applied at the physical and data-link layers of communication systems in order to secure transmissions against eavesdroppers. Topics ranging from information theory-based security to coding for security and cryptography are discussed, with presentation of cutting-edge research and innovative results from leading researchers. The characteristic feature of all the contributions is their relevance for practical embodiments: detailed consideration is given to applications of security principles to a variety of widely used communication techniques such as multiantenna systems, ultra-wide band communication systems, power line communications, and quantum key distribution techniques. A further distinctive aspect is the attention paid to both unconditional and computational security techniques, providing a bridge between two usually distinct worlds. The book comprises extended versions of contributions delivered at the Workshop on Communication Security, held in Ancona, Italy, in September 2014 within the framework of the research project "Enhancing Communication Security by Cross-layer Physical and Data-link Techniques", funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities, and Research.
Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Earth and Environment Processes: Proceedings of the 10th International Scientific School for Young Scientists, Moscow, October 18–20, 2024 (Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences)
by Vladimir KarevThe book presents short papers of participants of the 10th International Scientific Conference and School for Young Scientists «Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Earth and Environment Processes. The book includes theoretical and experimental studies of processes in the atmosphere, oceans, the lithosphere and their interaction; environmental issues; problems of human impact on the environment; methods of geophysical research. Research of the dynamic of natural systems - geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and their interactions, the human contribution to naturally occurring processes are among the most urgent and practically important scientific problems. Intensive development of research in these areas is due to several factors. The widespread introduction of computer technology has allowed beginning calculation of complex phenomena, previously unavailable for analysis. Creation and improvement of a new generation of geophysical instruments, remote observing systems based on the ship, aircraft, and satellite allowed us to obtain a large amount of data to objectively reflect the picture of the processes. The articles included in these book reflect also an important role of the laboratory modeling in searching of processes in geo-environments and testing of new developed physical and mathematical models. Development of measurement, optic information and other techniques provide new opportunities to perform controllable and reproducible laboratory data for generations of new ideas and concepts. Systematic stream of high resolution laboratory data stimulates development of analytical and numerical models of the dynamical processes in three nature environments. A special focus is given to the extraction of hydrocarbon resources, including from unconventional sources. An alternative to the use of hydrocarbons as a main source of energy on the Planet in the coming decades is unlikely to be found. At the same time, the resource base of hydrocarbons is quickly depleted, in particularly, large and accessible oil and gas fields. The shale oil and gas, Arctic hydrocarbon stocks, gas hydrates, coal bed methane, oil and gas from deep horizons can become new sources.
Physical and Statistical Models for Steam Generator Clogging Diagnosis
by Sylvain GirardClogging of steam generators in nuclear power plants is a highly sensitive issue in terms of performance and safety and this book proposes a completely novel methodology for diagnosing this phenomenon. It demonstrates real-life industrial applications of this approach to French steam generators and applies the approach to operational data gathered from French nuclear power plants. The book presents a detailed review of in situ diagnosis techniques and assesses existing methodologies for clogging diagnosis, whilst examining their limitations. It also addresses numerical modelling of the dynamic behaviour of steam generators and provides a thorough analysis of statistical methods for sensitivity analysis and dimension reduction. Steam generators are heat exchangers found in nuclear power plants and over time they become increasingly clogged by iron oxides. This clogging then hampers the flow inside steam generators and compromises their mechanical integrity, which hinders performance and safety. This book is intended for nuclear safety specialists, nuclear performance engineers and researchers and postgraduate students working on heat exchanger modeling and computational engineering.
Physical Anti-Collision in RFID Systems: Theory and Practice
by Xiaolei Yu Zhimin Zhao Xuezhou ZhangThis book highlights the innovative applications of electromagnetics, optics, thermodynamics theories in creating methods for physical-layer collision prevention- "physical anti-collision" in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. Using engineering mathematical methods as the core of detection and control algorithm design, it proposes semi-physical verification and detection techniques to the dynamic performance testing in RFID systems. The book also introduces the methods to build semi-physical hardware platforms using photoelectric sensing technology. The book provides valuable ideas to the applications of Internet of Things (IOT) systems in smart logistics, car networking, food traceability, anti-counterfeiting and other livelihood fields. It is worth reading for all researchers in IOT and optoelectronic engineering related industries.
A Physical Approach to Color Image Understanding
by Gudrun J. KlinkerThe author presents a vision model that uses color information to interpret the effects of shading and highlights on a scene. Transcending more traditional approaches, this method may lead to more reliable and useful techniques for image understanding.
Physical Approach to Engineering Acoustics (Mechanical Engineering Series)
by Ronald N. MilesThis textbook presents the fundamentals of engineering acoustics and examines in depth concepts within the domain that apply to reducing noise, measuring noise, and designing microphones and loudspeakers. The book particularly emphasizes the physical principles used in designing miniature microphones. These devices are used in billions of electronic products, most visibly, cell phones and hearing aids, and enable countless other applications. Distinct from earlier books on this topic that take the view of the electrical engineer analyzing mechanical systems using electric circuit analogies. This text uses Newtonian mechanics as a more appropriate paradigm for analyzing these mechanical systems and in so doing provides a more direct method of modeling. Written at a level appropriate for upper-division undergraduate courses, and enhanced with end-of-chapter problems and MatLab routines, the book is ideal as a core text for students interested in engineering acoustics in ME, EE, and physics programs, as well as a reference for engineers and technicians working in the huge global industry of miniature microphone design.
Physical Approach to Engineering Acoustics (Mechanical Engineering Series)
by Ronald N. MilesThis updated edition adds new material on the acoustics of mufflers and ducts, including a new analysis on sound propagation in a duct having a cross sectional area that varies in the direction of the duct length. The textbook retains its class-tested fundamentals of engineering acoustics and examination of in-depth concepts within the domains that apply to reducing noise, measuring noise, and designing microphones and loudspeakers. The book particularly emphasizes the physical principles used in designing miniature microphones. These devices are used in billions of electronic products, most visibly, cell phones and hearing aids, and enable countless other applications. Distinct from earlier books on this topic that take the view of the electrical engineer analyzing mechanical systems using electric circuit analogies. This text uses Newtonian mechanics as a more appropriate paradigm for analyzing these mechanical systems and in so doing provides a more direct method of modeling. Written at a level appropriate for upper-division undergraduate and graduate courses, and enhanced with end-of-chapter problems and MatLab routines, the book is ideal as a core text for students interested in engineering acoustics in ME, EE, and physics programs, as well as a reference for engineers and technicians working in the huge global industry of miniature microphone design.
Physical Aspects of Polymer Self-Assembly
by P. R. SundararajanOffering an overview of principles and techniques, this book covers all major categories of self-assembled polymers - properties, processes, and design. Each chapter focuses on morphology, applications, and advanced concepts to illustrate the advantages of polymer self-assembly across industrial and academic research. * Provides an organized, comprehensive overview of polymer self-assembly, its fundamentals, principles, and applications* Includes chapters on block copolymers, amphiphilic polymers, supramolecular polymers, rotaxenes, polymer gels, dendrimers, and small molecules in polymer matrices* Focuses on novel applications, block copolymer assembly to nanotechnology, photonics and metamaterials, molecular machines and artificial muscle, gels that can be applied to polymer science, materials science, and nanotechnology* Examines state-of-the-art concepts, like lithographic patterning and foldaxane* Discusses challenges and future outlook of a popular and emerging field of study
Physical Asset Management: With an Introduction to the ISO 55000 Series of Standards
by Nicholas Anthony HastingsThis book presents a systematic approach to the management of physical assets from concept to disposal, building upon the previous editions and brought up-to-date with the new international standards ISO55002 and ISO/TS50010. It introduces the general principles of physical asset management and covers all stages of the asset management process, including initial business appraisal, identification of physical asset needs, capability gap analysis, financial evaluation, logistic support analysis, life cycle costing, strategic asset management planning, maintenance strategy, outsourcing, cost-benefit analysis, disposal and renewal. Features include:providing a textbook for asset management courses to university level;relating closely to the ISO55000 international asset management standard series;providing a basis for the establishment of physical asset management as a professional discipline; andpresenting case studies, analytical techniques and numerical examples with solutions. Written for practitioners and students in asset management, this book provides an essential foundation to the topic. It is suitable for an advanced undergraduate or postgraduate course in asset management and also offers an ideal reference text for engineers and managers specializing in asset management, reliability, maintenance, logistics or systems engineering.