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Physical Processes in Inorganic Scintillators (Laser And Optical Science And Technology Ser. #14)
by Piotr A. RodnyiDuring the last ten to fifteen years, researchers have made considerable progress in the study of inorganic scintillators. New scintillation materials have been investigated, novel scintillation mechanisms have been discovered, and additional scintillator applications have appeared. Demand continues for new and improved scintillation materials for a variety of applications including nuclear and high energy physics, astrophysics, medical imaging, geophysical exploration, radiation detection, and many other fields. However, until now there have been no books available that address in detail the complex scintillation processes associated with these new developments.Now, a world leader in the theory and applications of scintillation processes integrates the latest scientific advances of scintillation into a new work, Physical Processes in Inorganic Scintillators. Written by distinguished researcher Piotr Rodnyi, this volume explores this challenging subject, explains the complexities of scintillation from a modern point of view, and illuminates the way to the development of better scintillation materials.This unique work first defines the fundamental physical processes underlying scintillation and governing the primary scintillation characteristics of light output, decay time, emission spectrum, and radiation hardness. The book then discusses the complicated mechanisms of energy conversion and transformation in inorganic scintillators. The section on the role of defects in energy transfer and scintillation efficiency will be of special interest. Throughout, the author does not offer complicated derivations of equations but, instead, presents useful equations with practical results.
The Physical Processes of Digestion
by Roger G. Lentle Patrick W.M. JanssenFood research (and funding) is becoming more and more focused on health. While researchers and product developers have made great strides in food engineering, there needs to be increased focus on what happens when the food is actually digested. How is the food absorbed? Do the benefits remain? Digestion is a complex topic, and this will be the first book aimed at food researchers. Authored by a physiologist and a food engineer, the book will be a welcome addition to the literature.
Physical Properties and Behaviour of High-Performance Concrete at High Temperature: State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 227-HPB (RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports #29)
by Pierre Pimienta Robert Jansson McNamee Jean-Christophe MindeguiaThis book presents the work done by the RILEM Technical Committee 227-HPB (Physical properties and behaviour of High-Performance Concrete at high temperature). It contains the latest research results on the behaviour of high-performance concretes at high temperature. The book presents the state of the art of experimental data on High-Performance concretes and it collects and synthesizes useful data about concrete behaviour at high temperatures. The book is divided into independent chapters dealing with degradation reactions in concrete exposed to high temperatures; mass transport properties; thermal properties; and mechanical properties. The results presented especially target a group of users composed by universities and testing laboratories, building material companies and industries, material scientists and experts, building and infrastructure authorities, designers and civil engineers.
Physical Properties and Data of Optical Materials
by Moriaki Wakaki Takehisa Shibuya Keiei KudoResearch and applications in optical engineering require careful selection of materials. With such a large and varied array to choose from, it is important to understand a material's physical and optical properties before making a selection. Providing a convenient, concise, and logically organized collection of information, Physical Properties and Data of Optical Materials builds a thorough background for more than 100 optical materials and offers quick access to precise information. Surveying the most important and widely used optical materials, this handy reference includes data on a wide variety of metals, semiconductors, dielectrics, polymers, and other commonly used optical materials. For each material, the editors examine the crystal system; natural and artificial growth and production methods along with corrosives and processing; thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties; optical properties, such as transmittance and reflectance spectra, ranging from UV to IR wavelengths; and, where applicable, applications for spectroscopy and miscellaneous remarks such as handling concerns and chemical properties. Numerous tables illustrate important data such as numerical values of optical constants for important wavelength regions, extinction and absorption coefficients, and refractive index. Physical Properties and Data of Optical Materials offers a collection of data on an unprecedented variety of fundamental optical materials, making it the one quick-lookup guide that every optical scientist, engineer, and student should own.
Physical Properties of Ceramic and Carbon Nanoscale Structures
by Stefano BellucciThis is the second volume in a series of books on selected topics in Nanoscale Science and Technology based on lectures given at the well-known INFN schools of the same name. The aim of this collection is to provide a reference corpus of suitable, introductory material to relevant subfields, as they mature over time, by gathering the significantly expanded and edited versions of tutorial lectures, given over the years by internationally known experts. The present set of notes stems in particular from the participation and dedication of prestigious lecturers, such as Andrzej Huczko, Nicola Pugno, Alexander Malesevic, Pasquale Onorato and Stefano Bellucci. All lectures were subsequently carefully edited and reworked, taking into account the extensive follow-up discussions. A tutorial lecture by Huczko et al. shows how a variety of carbon and ceramic nanostructures (nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibres, nanorods, and nanoencapsulates) have in particular great potential for improving our understanding of the fundamental concepts of the roles of both dimensionality and size on physical material properties . Bellucci and Onorato provide an extensive and tutorial review of the (quantum) transport properties in carbon nanotubes, encompassing a description of the electronic structure from graphene to single-wall nanotubes, as well as a discussion of experimental evidence of superconductivity in carbon nanotubes and the corresponding theoretical interpretation. In the first contribution by Pugno, new ideas on how to design futuristic self-cleaning, super-adhesive and releasable hierarchical smart materials are presented. He also reviews the mechanical strength of such nanotubes and megacables, with an eye to the visionary project of a carbon nanotube-based 'space elevator megacable'. In his second contribution, Pugno outlines in detail the role on the fracture strength of thermodynamically unavoidable atomistic defects with different size and shape, both numerically and theoretically, for nanotubes and nanotube bundles. Focusing on graphitic allotropes, the chapter by Bellucci and Malesevic aims to give a taste of the widespread implications carbon nanostructures have on research and applications, starting from an historical overview, followed by a discussion of the structure and physical properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene, in particular in the context of the several different synthesis techniques presently available.
Physical Properties of Concrete and Concrete Constituents
by Jean-Pierre Ollivier Jean-Michel Toorenti Myriam CarcassesUnderstanding the rheological properties of fresh concrete, the hydration phenomenon of cement responsible for structuration, the relationship between the characteristics of the porous solid obtained and its mechanical performances or resistance to the aggressive penetration requires a complex knowledge of the physicochemistry of reactive porous materials. The development of simple formulation rules therefore requires the assimilation of this knowledge and a good command of the properties of these materials.The purpose of this book is to provide the mix designer with useful knowledge on granular materials and porous materials, which will enable the innovative design of concrete. Topics covered include the characterization of granular materials, the concepts of porosity and specific surface area, and the transport properties (diffusion and permeation) of concrete. Some of these topics are already covered in other general books dedicated to granular or porous materials. The objective here is to bring them together in one book by adapting them for use by concrete specialists.Applications in the form of exercises are offered at the end of each chapter to enable readers to assimilate the theoretical knowledge and to apply such knowledge to concrete problems encountered in civil engineering. Contents 1. Description of Granular Materials, Definitions.2. Granulometry.3. Specific Surface Area of Materials.4. Voids in Granular Materials and the Arrangement of Grains.5. Voids in Concrete.6. The Fundamentals of Diffusion.7. Permeability.
Physical Properties of Diamond and Sapphire
by Roshan L. Aggarwal Anant K. RamdasFocusing on the physical properties of diamond and sapphire, this monograph provides readers with essential details on crystal structure and growth, mechanical properties, thermal properties, optical properties, light scattering of diamond and sapphire crystals, and sapphire lasers. Various physical properties are comprehensively discussed: Mechanical properties include hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength, and Young’s modulus. Thermal properties include thermal expansion, specific heat, and thermal conductivity. Optical properties of diamond and sapphire include transmission, refractive index, and absorption. Light scattering includes Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering. Sapphire lasers include chromium-doped and titanium-doped lasers. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals working in materials science, physics, electrical engineering, and related fields, this monograph is the first to concentrate solely on physical properties of these increasingly important materials.
Physical Properties of Foods: Novel Measurement Techniques and Applications (Contemporary Food Engineering)
by Ignacio AranaWith higher food quality in increasing demand by consumers, there is continuous pressure on food engineers to meet market needs. One of the critical challenges is to use modern technology and knowledge to develop new processes for improving food quality. Given the global food marketplace, there is also a greater need for a means of objectively clas
Physical Properties of High-Temperature Superconductors
by Rainer WescheA much-needed update on complex high-temperature superconductors, focusing on materials aspects; this timely book coincides with a recent major break-through of the discovery of iron-based superconductors. It provides an overview of materials aspects of high-temperature superconductors, combining introductory aspects, description of new physics, material aspects, and a description of the material properties This title is suitable for researchers in materials science, physics and engineering. Also for technicians interested in the applications of superconductors, e. g. as biomagnets
Physical Properties of Lipids
by Alejandro G. Marangoni Suresh S. NarineProvides in-depth coverage of the physical properties of fats and oils. Includes surface and theological characteristics as well as crystallization and phase behavior for improved nutrition and functionality in the design of new food products.
Physical Properties of Materials for Engineers
by Daniel D. PollockPhysical Properties of Materials for Engineers, Second Edition introduces and explains modern theories of the properties of materials and devices for practical use by engineers. Introductory chapters discuss both classical mechanics and quantum mechanics to demonstrate the need for the quantum approach. Topics are presented in an uncomplicated manner; extensive cross-references are provided to emphasize the inter-relationships among the physical phenomena. Illustrations and problems based on commercially-available materials are included where appropriate. Physical Properties of Materials for Engineers, Second Edition is an excellent introduction to solid state physics and practical techniques for students and workers in aerospace industry, chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, industrial engineering, materials science, and mechanical and metallurgical engineering.
Physical Properties of Materials For Engineers: Volume 3
by Daniel D. PollockPracticing engineers will find this text helpful in getting up to date. Readers with some familiarity with this field will be able to follow the presentations with ease. Engineering students and those taking physics courses will find this book to be a useful source of examples of applications of the theory to commercially available materials as well as for uncomplicated explanations of physical properties. In many cases alternate explanations have been provided for clarity.An effort has been made to keep mathematics as an unsophisticated as possible withoutwatering down or distorting the concepts. In practically all cases only a master of elementary calculus is required to follow the derivations. All of thealgebra is shown and no steps in the derivations are considered to be obvious to the reader. Explanations are provided in cases where more advanced mathematics is employed The problems have been designed to promote understanding rather than mathematical or computational skill.
Physical Properties of Materials For Engineers: Volume 2
by Daniel D. PollockPracticing engineers will find this text helpful in getting up to date. Readers with some familiarity with this field will be able to follow the presentations with ease. Engineering students and those taking physics courses will find this book to be a useful source of examples of applications of the theory to commercially available materials as well as for uncomplicated explanations of physical properties. In many cases alternate explanations have been provided for clarity.An effort has been made to keep mathematics as an unsophisticated as possible withoutwatering down or distorting the concepts. In practically all cases only a master of elementary calculus is required to follow the derivations. All of thealgebra is shown and no steps in the derivations are considered to be obvious to the reader. Explanations are provided in cases where more advanced mathematics is employed The problems have been designed to promote understanding rather than mathematical or computational skill.
Physical Properties of Materials, Third Edition
by Mary Anne WhiteDesigned for advanced undergraduate students and as a useful reference book for materials researchers, Physical Properties of Materials, Third Edition establishes the principles that control the optical, thermal, electronic, magnetic, and mechanical properties of materials. Using an atomic and molecular approach, this introduction to materials science offers readers a wide-ranging survey of the field and a basis to understand future materials. The author incorporates comments on applications of materials science, extensive references to the contemporary and classic literature, and 350 end-of-chapter problems. In addition, unique tutorials allow students to apply the principles to understand applications, such as photocopying, magnetic devices, fiber optics, and more. This fully revised and updated Third Edition includes new materials and processes, such as topological insulators, 3-D printing, and more information on nanomaterials. The new edition also now adds Learning Goals at the end of each chapter and a Glossary with more than 500 entries for quick reference. Web ResourceThe book’s companion website (www.physicalpropertiesofmaterials.com) provides updates to the further reading sections and links to videos made specifically by the author for this book. It also offers sources of demonstration materials for lectures and PowerPoint slides of figures from the book. Many of the features (all those under Student Resources) are freely available to all, including about 30 custom made videos that specifically complement the contents of the book. These videos are highlighted at the appropriate points in the text. The book website also has many links to relevant websites around the world, sorted by chapter, to be used by students, instructors and materials researchers.
Physical Properties of Nanorods
by Albert Figuerola Chandramohan George Giovanni Morello Liberato Manna Roman Krahne Sasanka DekaInorganic nanoparticles are among the most investigated objects nowadays, both in fundamental science and in various technical applications. In this book the physical properties of nanowires formed by nanoparticles with elongated shape, i.e. rod-like or wire-like, are described. The transition in the physical properties is analyzed for nanorods and nanowires consisting of spherical and rod-like nanoparticles. The physical properties of nanowires and elongated inorganic nanoparticles are reviewed too. The optical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical and catalytic properties of nanowires consisting of semiconductors, noble and various other metals, metal oxides properties and metal alloys are presented. The applications of nanorods and nanowires are discussed in the book.
Physical Science: Concepts in Action, With Earth and Space Science
by Michael Wysession David V. Frank Sophia YancopoulosPhysical Science is the study of non-living systems, as opposed to a study of biological sciences or living systems. It consists of physics, chemistry, astronomy and earth science. It also includes scientific method and experimentation and this is what this textbook is all about.
Physical Science: Concepts in Action
by Sophia Yancopoulos David Frank Michael WysessionNIMAC-sourced textbook
Physical Science Under Microgravity: Experiments on Board the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite (Research for Development)
by Wenrui Hu Qi KangThis book presents the physical science experiments in a space microgravity environment conducted on board the SJ-10 recoverable satellite, which was launched on April 6th, 2016 and recovered on April 18th, 2016. The experiments described were selected from ~100 proposals from various institutions in China and around the world, and have never previously been conducted in the respective fields. They involve fluid physics and materials science, and primarily investigate the kinetic properties of matter in a space microgravity environment. The book provides a comprehensive review of these experiments, as well as the mission’s execution, data collection, and scientific outcomes.
Physical Science with Earth Science
by Ralph Feather Charles William Mclaughlin Marilyn ThompsonNIMAC-sourced textbook
Physical Science with Earth Science
by Ralph Feather Charles William Mclaughlin Marilyn Thompson Dinah ZikeThe book covers different topics that can be classified under the two main categories Earth science ( that investigates Earth and space) and Physical science (that studies matter and energy.)
Physical Security and Environmental Protection
by John PerdikarisManage a Hazard or Threat Effectively and Prevent It from Becoming a DisasterWhen disaster strikes, it can present challenges to those caught off guard, leaving them to cope with the fallout. Adopting a risk management approach to addressing threats, vulnerability, and risk assessments is critical to those on the frontline. Developed with first res
Physical Security and Safety: A Field Guide for the Practitioner (Occupational Safety & Health Guide Series #17)
by Truett A. Ricks Bobby E. Ricks Jeff DingleHow-To Guide Written By Practicing ProfessionalsPhysical Security and Safety: A Field Guide for the Practitioner introduces the basic principles of safety in the workplace, and effectively addresses the needs of the responsible security practitioner. This book provides essential knowledge on the procedures and processes needed for loss reduction, p
The Physical Separation and Recovery of Metals from Waste, Volume One
by Alan VeaseyThis book deals with the physical processes used for the separation of secondary metals from waste sources. The introduction briefly considers the history of the secondary metals industries, defines the terms used in materials recycling and discusses the potential for resource recovery and improved processing. A comprehensive survey is given of the
Physical Soil Mechanics
by Gerd GudehusSoil is matter in its own right. Its nature can be captured by means of monotonous, cyclic and strange attractors. Thus material properties are defined by the asymptotic response of sand- and clay-like samples to imposed deformations and stresses. This serves to validate and calibrate elastoplastic and hypoplastic relations with comparative plots. Extensions capture thermal and seismic activations, limitations occur due to localizations and skeleton decay.Attractors in the large characterize boundary value problems from model tests via geotechnical operations up to tectonic evolutions. Validations of hypoplastic calculations are shown with many examples, possible further applications are indicated in detail. This approach is energetically justified and limited by critical points where the otherwise legitimate continuity gets lost by localization and decay. You will be fascinated by the fourth element although or just as it is so manifold.
Physically Unclonable Functions: From Basic Design Principles To Advanced Hardware Security Applications
by Basel HalakThis book discusses the design principles of physically unclonable functions (PUFs) and how these can be employed in hardware-based security applications, in particular, the book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of security threats and existing countermeasures.This book has many features that make it a unique source for students, engineers and educators, including more than 80 problems and worked exercises, in addition to, approximately 200 references, which give extensive direction for further reading.