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Antenna Radar Cross Section: Theory and Design
by Ying Liu Yongtao Jia Shuxi GongThis is the first book to focus specifically on antenna RCS reduction theory and design approaches. It covers both principles and engineering practice, and provides an in-depth study of a number of important topics, including fundamental theory, antenna and array analysis models, the rapid numerical computation method, and various low-RCS antenna design methods. The comprehensive and systematic discussion of practical issues in antenna RCS reduction makes it an ideal resource for readers interested in practical solutions to antenna stealth, particularly researchers, engineers and graduate students in the fields of microwave engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, and telecommunications engineering.
Antenna Systems for Modern Wireless Devices (Signals and Communication Technology)
by Shiban K. Koul S. Swapna G. S. KarthikeyaThis book presents up-to-date information about WLAN antenna designs for students, researchers, and professionals who want to design radiating systems to be deployed for practical coverage. The book primarily focuses on pattern diversity antennas. Pattern diversity antennas are very vital in wireless communication. High correlation between multiple signals can result in low data throughput which can be solved by using antennas with pattern diversity. Beam scanning antennas and their variants are also described in detail. Pattern diversity antenna systems with multiport feeds are also comprehensively discussed in this book. For a multiport system to maintain a reasonable link budget, equal antenna gains are preferred for the required antenna coverage. The book further describes the latest techniques to enhance and equalize the antenna gain within a compact radiating system. With increasing demand for faster connectivity with minimum path loss, the demand for high-gain antennas is rapidly increasing. Thereby a detailed discussion on gain enhancement with the latest high-gain antenna designs is requisite while describing WLAN antennas. Some antenna designs discussed in the book are based on additive manufacturing for their design and fabrication. Additive manufacturing is a much sought-after technology today that allows rapid development of antennas at an affordable cost. Many recent WLAN antennas make use of this technology to develop versatile antenna designs. Finally, the book includes a section on wide-band antenna designs. Antenna designs that reduce the scanning loss are also discussed.
Antenna Technology for Terahertz Wireless Communication
by Uri Nissanov Ghanshyam SinghThis book discusses terahertz (THz) wireless communication, particularly for 6G enabling technologies, including antenna design, and channel modeling with channel characteristics for the success of reliable 6G wireless communication. The authors describe THz microstrip antenna technologies with different substrates and introduce some useful substrates to reduce the conductor and substrate losses at the THz frequencies. The discussion also includes the design of the THz unit-cell microstrip antenna and the techniques to boost the microstrip antennas' gain, directivity, and impedance bandwidth (BW), which influence the wireless communication range which is highly affected by the path losses of atmospheric conditions, and transmit and receive data rates, respectively. Moreover, this book discusses the multi-beam and beamforming THz antenna technologies with the multi-user-multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) features. Additionally, this book describes the reconfigurable capabilities, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning technologies that will influence the success of 6G wireless communication and the authors suggest a remedy for integrating multiple radios into the system-on-chip (SoC) design.
Antenna Theory: Analysis And Design
by Constantine A. BalanisThis book introduces the fundamental principles of antenna theory and explains how to apply them to the analysis, design, and measurements of antennas. Due to the variety of methods of analysis and design, and the different antenna structures available, the applications covered in this book are made to some of the most basic and practical antenna configurations. Among these antenna configurations are linear dipoles; loops; arrays; broadband antennas; aperture antennas; horns; microstrip antennas; and reflector antennas. The text contains sufficient mathematical detail to enable undergraduate and beginning graduate students in electrical engineering and physics to follow the flow of analysis and design. Readers should have a basic knowledge of undergraduate electromagnetic theory, including Maxwell’s equations and the wave equation, introductory physics, and differential and integral calculus.
Antenna Theory and Applications
by Hubregt J. VisserThis comprehensive text on antenna theory explains the origin of radiation and discusses antenna parameters in-depthThis book offers an in-depth coverage of fundamental antenna theory, and shows how to apply this in practice. The author discusses electromagnetic radiation and antenna characteristics such as impedance, radiation pattern, polarization, gain and efficiency. In addition, the book provides readers with the necessary tools for analyzing complex antennas and for designing new ones. Furthermore, a refresher chapter on vector algebra, including gradient, divergence and curl operation is included. Throughout the book ample examples of employing the derived theory are given and all chapters are concluded with problems, giving the reader the opportunity to test his/her acquired knowledge.Key Features:Covers the mathematical and physical background that is needed to understand electromagnetic radiation and antennasDiscusses the origin of radiation and provides an in-depth explanation of antenna parametersExplores all the necessary steps in antenna analysis allowing the reader to understand and analyze new antenna structuresContains a chapter on vector algebra, which is often a stumbling block for learners in this fieldIncludes examples and a list of problems at the end of each chapterAccompanied by a website containing solutions to the problems (for instructors) and CST modeling files (www.wiley.com/go/visser_antennasThis book will serve as an invaluable reference for advanced (last year Bsc, Msc) students in antenna and RF engineering, wireless communications, electrical engineering, radio engineers and other professionals needing a reference on antenna theory. It will also be of interest to advanced/senior radio engineers, designers and developers.
Antenna Theory and Microstrip Antennas
by D. G. FangAntenna Theory and Microstrip Antennas offers a uniquely balanced analysis of antenna fundamentals and microstrip antennas. Concise and readable, it provides theoretical background, application materials, and details of recent progress. Exploring several effective design approaches, this book covers a wide scope, making it an ideal hands-on resource for professionals seeking a refresher in the fundamentals. It also provides the basic grounding in antenna essentials that is required for those new to the field.The book’s primary focus is on introducing practical techniques that will enable users to make optimal use of powerful commercial software packages and computational electromagnetics used in full wave analysis and antenna design. Going beyond particular numerical computations to teach broader concepts, the author systematically presents the all-important spectral domain approach to analyzing microstrip structures including antennas. In addition to a discussion of near-field measurement and the high-frequency method, this book also covers:Elementary linear sources, including Huygen’s planar element, and analysis and synthesis of the discrete and continuous arrays formed by these elementary sourcesThe digital beam-forming antenna and smart antennaCavity mode theory and related issues, including the design of irregularly shaped patches and the analysis of mutual couplingBased on much of the author’s own internationally published research, and honed by his years of teaching experience, this text is designed to bring students, engineers, and technicians up to speed as efficiently as possible. This text purposefully emphasizes principles and includes carefully selected sample problems to ease the process of understanding the often intimidating area of antenna technology. Paying close attention to this text, you will be able to confid
Antennas: From Theory to Practice
by Yi HuangAntennas From Theory to Practice Comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals and latest developments in antennas and antenna design In the newly revised Second Edition of Antennas: From Theory to Practice, renowned researcher, engineer, and author Professor Yi Huang delivers comprehensive and timely coverage of issues in modern antenna design and theory. Practical and accessible, the book is written for engineers, researchers, and students who work with radio frequency/microwave engineering, radar, and radio communications. The book details the basics of transmission lines, radiowaves and propagation, antenna theory, antenna analysis and design using industrial standard design software tools and the theory of characteristic modes, antenna measurement equipment, facilities, and techniques. It also covers the latest developments in special topics, like small and mobile antennas, wide- and multi-band antennas, automotive antennas, RFID, UWB, metamaterials, reconfigurable and MIMO antennas, and more. The new edition includes up to date information on a wide variety of newly relevant topics and trends, like adaptive impedance matching, the theory of characteristic modes, antenna materials and fabrication processes, and over-the-air (OTA) antenna system measurements. Many questions and examples are provided which enhances the learning experience. The book covers: An introduction to circuit concepts and transmission lines, including lumped and distributed element systems, transmission line theory, and the Smith Chart An exploration of field concepts and radiowaves, including wave equations and solutions and radiowave propagation mechanisms, characteristics, and models Discussions of antenna basics and popular antennas, including wire-type antennas, aperture-type antennas, and antenna arrays Information about antenna manufacturing and measurements, including antenna measurement facilities and methods The use of industrial standard simulation tools for antenna design and analysis Perfect for engineers and researchers who work in RF engineering or radar and radio communications, Antennas: From Theory to Practice, Second Edition will also earn a place on the bookshelves of university students seeking a concise and practical introduction to the basics of antennas and antenna design.
Antennas: Rigorous Methods of Analysis and Synthesis
by Boris LevinThe book comprises a new method of solving the integral equation of Leontovich, the most rigorous and most effective equation for the current in thin linear antennas. The book describes the features of the new method in its application in various types of antennas. It considers new ways of analyzing antennas, in particular in the calculation of an antenna gain based on main radiation patterns and the calculation of the directional characteristics of radiators with known distribution of current amplitude. The method of electrostatic analogy proposed by the author, provides the base for comparison of electromagnetic fields of high-frequency currents and electrostatic charges located on linear conductors to improve the directional characteristics of log-periodic and director-type antennas. A new approach to the analysis of the electrical characteristics of a microstrip antenna, which allows expansion of its operation range, is substantiated and developed. New results of antenna synthesis are obtained. The second part of the book is devoted to specific types of antennas (the author had a significant role in their creation). Particular attention is given to ship antennas for different frequency ranges. The book is intended for professionals, working in electrodynamics and those working on development, placement and exploitation of antennas. It will be useful for lecturers (university-level professors), teachers, students of radio engineering and researchers working in various fields of radio electronics and interested in an in-depth study of theoretical problems and designs f antennas. It can also be used for short university courses.
Antennas: From the Theory of Long Lines to Integral Equations
by Boris LevinThis book describes both known and new results. In the sections devoted to the use of integral equations for the current in a linear metal radiator, the focus is on Leontovich's equation. An advantage of this equation is the simplicity of the solution and the absence of the argument φ in it because the integration over φ already performed. The refined solution makes it possible to determine the total sum of the series for the current, which is close to the known solution including only the first terms. The results of the synthesis of different types of antennas with capacitive loads are presented, which makes it possible to implement Hallen's hypothesis about the usefulness of applying such loads to create an in-phase current distribution in antennas and to obtain required characteristics.New results include the widespread use of the complex potential method in relation to the calculation of capacitive structures in homogeneous and inhomogeneous media, antenna patterns and flows of electrical fields between antenna elements and in the surrounding space. In particular, the analysis of field flows makes it possible to substantiate a rigorous method for analyzing microstrip antennas. The characteristics of antennas in various conditions of their installation are considered and compared. The results of the use of multi-floors structures that provide in the wide frequency range the radiation in direction perpendicular to the antenna axis, and structures that make it possible to reduce the mutual influence of antennas located at different heights on a common mast are described.
Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems
by Simon R. Saunders Alejandro A. Aragón-ZavalaComprehensive resource describing both fundamentals and practical industry applications of antennas and radio propagation employed in modern wireless communication systems The newly revised and thoroughly updated Third Edition of this classic and popular text, Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems addresses fundamentals and practical applications of antennas and radio propagation commonly used in modern wireless communication systems, from the basic electromagnetic principles to the characteristics of the technology employed in the most recent systems deployed, with an outlook of forthcoming developments in the field. Core topics include fundamental electromagnetic principles underlying propagation and antennas, basic concepts of antennas and their application to specific wireless systems, propagation measurement, modelling, and prediction for fixed links, macrocells, microcells, femtocells, picocells, megacells, and narrowband and wideband channel modelling with the effect of the channel on communication system performance. Worked examples and specific assignments for students are presented throughout the text (with a solutions manual available for course tutors), with a dedicated website containing online calculators and additional resources, plus details of simple measurements that students can perform with off-the-shelf equipment, such as their laptops and a Wi-Fi card. This Third Edition of Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems has been thoroughly revised and updated, expanding on and adding brand new coverage of sample topics such as: Maxwell’s equations and EM theory, multiple reflections as propagation mechanisms, and waveguiding HAPS (High Altitude Platforms) propagation, design and noise considerations of earth stations, macrocell models, and cellular base station site engineeringFSS (frequency selective surfaces), adaptive antenna theory developments (massive and distributed MIMO in particular), and how to process raw data related to channel measurements for mobile radio systemsThe techniques used in mobile systems spanning the latest 4G, 5G and 6G technology generations A wider range of frequencies, extending from HF, VHF and UHF up to the latest millimetre wave and sub terahertz bands With comprehensive coverage of foundational subject matter as well as major recent advancements in the field, Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems is an essential resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, and industry engineers in related disciplines.
Antennas and Wireless Power Transfer Methods for Biomedical Applications (Microwave and Wireless Technologies Series)
by Yongxin Guo Yuan Feng Changrong LiuAntennas and Wireless Power Transfer Methods for Biomedical Applications Join the cutting edge of biomedical technology with this essential reference The role of wireless communications in biomedical technology is a significant one. Wireless and antenna-driven communication between telemetry components now forms the basis of cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators, cochlear implants, glucose readers, and more. As wireless technology continues to advance and miniaturization progresses, it’s more essential than ever that biomedical research and development incorporate the latest technology. Antennas and Wireless Power Transfer Methods for Biomedical Applications provides a comprehensive introduction to wireless technology and its incorporation into the biomedical field. Beginning with an introduction to recent developments in antenna and wireless technology, it analyzes the major wireless systems currently available and their biomedical applications, actual and potential. The result is an essential guide to technologies that have already improved patient outcomes and increased life expectancies worldwide. Readers will also find: Authored by internationally renowned researchers of wireless technologies Detailed analysis of CP implantable antennas, wearable antennas, near-field wireless power, and more Up to 100 figures that supplement the text Antennas and Wireless Power Transfer Methods for Biomedical Applications is a valuable introduction for biomedical researchers and biomedical engineers, as well as for research and development professionals in the medical device industry.
Antennas Designs for NFC Devices
by Dominique ParetNear-field communication (NFC) enables the exchange of information between close devices. The antenna is the indispensable element to transform an electronic device into an NFC system. For both theory and practice, this book presents in detail the design technologies of different antennas. They must meet the NFC ISO 18 092 and 21 481 standards as well as specifications by the NFC Forum for industrial applications, by EMVCo for banking applications and payments, and by CEN for public transport. In a particularly pedagogic way, Antenna Designs for NFC Devices enables designers of communicating object systems and the Internet of Things (IoT) to have access to the mysteries of the design of NFC antennas.
Antennas for Global Navigation Satellite Systems
by Brian Collins Xiaodong Chen Yuan Yao Clive G. Parini Masood Ur RehmanThis book addresses the fundamentals and practical implementations of antennas for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)In this book, the authors discuss the various aspects of GNSS antennas, including fundamentals of GNSS, design approaches for the GNSS terminal and satellite antennas, performance enhancement techniques and effects of user's presence and surrounding environment on these antennas. In addition, the book will provide the reader with an insight into the most important aspects of the GNSS antenna technology and lay the foundations for future advancements. It also includes a number of real case studies describing the ways in which antenna design can be adapted to conform to the design constraints of practical user devices, and also the management of potential adverse interactions between the antenna and its platform.Key Features:Covers the fundamentals and practical implementations of antennas for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)Describes technological advancements for GPS, Glonass, Galileo and CompassAims to address future issues such as multipath interference, in building operation, RF interference in mobileIncludes a number of real case studies to illustrate practical implementation of GNSSThis book will be an invaluable guide for antenna designers, system engineers, researchers for GNSS systems and postgraduate students (antennas, satellite communication technology). R&D engineers in mobile handset manufacturers, spectrum engineers will also find this book of interest.
Antennas for Industrial and Medical Applications with Optimization Techniques for Wireless Communication
by S. Kannadhasan R. NagarajanThe text begins by covering the fundamental concepts and new advances in the field of antenna theory, antenna hardware, and propagation. It further explains the designing of metamaterials microstrip patch antennas for medical applications, photonic crystals of millimeter wave signals for 5G communications, dual-band miniaturized circular antennas for wireless networks, and ultra-thin compact flexible antennas for wearable applications.This book: Presents the design and development of S-shaped and T-shaped microstrip path antennas for industrial applications. Highlights the use of W-shaped and metamaterials microstrip patch antennas for medical applications. Covers photonic crystals of millimeter wave signals for 5G communications. Showcases the importance of compact and wideband slot antenna for wireless communications. Illustrates the design of an ultra-thin compact flexible antenna for wearable applications. It is primarily written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communications engineering, antenna design, and microwave engineering.
Anthocyanins: Biosynthesis, Functions, and Applications (Advances In Botanical Research Ser. #Volume 37)
by Kevin Gould Kevin M Davies Chris WinefieldIn recent years there has been an unprecedented expansion of knowledge about anthocyanins pigments. Indeed, the molecular genetic control of anthocyanins biosynthesis is now one of the best understood of all secondary metabolic pathways. There have also been substantial improvements in analytical technology that have led to the discovery of novel anthocyanin compounds. Armed with this knowledge and the tools for genetic engineering, plant breeders are now introducing vibrant new colors into horticultural crops. The food industry has also benefited from the resurgence of interest in anthocyanins. A greater understanding of the chemistry of these pigments has led to improved methods for stabilizing the color of anthocyanins extracts, so that they are more useful as food colorings. Methods for the bulk production of anthocyanins from cell cultures have been optimized for this purpose. Possible benefits to human health from the ingestion of anthocyanin-rich foods have also been a major feature of the recent scientific literature. Anthocyanins are remarkably potent antioxidants, and their ingestion has been postulated to stave off the effects of oxidative stress. These pigments, especially in conjunction with other flavonoids, have been associated with reductions in the incidence and severity of many other non-infectious diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. An industry is developing around anthocyanins as nutritional supplements. Finally, there has been significant progress in our understanding of the benefits of anthocyanins to plants themselves. Originally considered an extravagance without a purpose, anthocyanins are now implicated in multifarious vital functions. These include the attraction of pollinators and frugivores, aposematic defense from herbivores, and protection from environmental stressors such as strong light, UVB, drought, and free radical attacks. Anthocyanins are evidently highly versatile, and enormously useful to plants. This book covers all aspects of the biosynthesis and function of anthocyanins (and related compounds such as proanthocyanidins) in plants, and their applications in agriculture, food products, and human health. Featured areas include their relevance to: * Plant stress * Flower and fruit color * Human health * Wine quality and health attributes * Food colorants and ingredients * Cell culture production systems * The pastoral sector
Anthocyanins: Chemistry, Processing & Bioactivity
by Bin Li Fang Chen Wei Chen Li Wang Weibin Bai Chi ShuThis book summarizes the current knowledge of anthocyanins, provides systematic information for future exploration of anthocyanin applications. It focuses on several aspects regarding the studying progression in the field of anthocyanins. The first section of the book provides a brief introduction to the scope and progress on anthocyanins, which is followed by the second section that describes the natural sources, structure, extraction approaches, bioavailability, and current stabilizing approach of anthocyanins. Then in the third part, the book focuses on the industrial processing of anthocyanins in foods by discussing the impact of food processing on anthocyanin structure and composition as well as classical processing techniques on anthocyanin-containing foods, including high-pressure, encapsulation, microwave, and combined application of the above techniques. In the last section of the book, the authors explore the currently most popular application of anthocyanins in improving human health, such as the effect of anthocyanin on vision, metabolism, neural system, cardiovascular system, and cancers. The book will facilitate readers’ understanding of the progress of anthocyanin studies. And it will benefit researchers and graduate students in the fields of natural products, functional food, and nutrition, etc.
Anthocyanins in Subtropical Fruits: Chemical Properties, Processing, and Health Benefits (Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals)
by M SelvamuthukumaranAnthocyanins are one of the powerful antioxidants that can alleviate several lifestyle diseases such as heart diseases and hypertension. They can reduce cancer by protecting cells against damage. Several subtropical fruits, including berries, plums, black grapes, apricots, and peaches, among others, are a rich source of anthocyanin. Consumption of these fruits will prolong the longevity of consumers; this is ascribed to the curative effects of anthocyanins present in those fruits. Anthocyanins in Subtropical Fruits: Chemical Properties, Processing, and Health Benefits discusses novel techniques adopted for the extraction of anthocyanins from various subtropical fruits. In this book, experts in the field examine solutions for efficiently extracting anthocyanins from subtropical fruits with higher yield. Protocols for the commercial production of anthocyanins from various subtropical fruits with their applications are also discussed in detail. Additional features: • Addresses chemical properties, classification, and stability of anthocyanins during processing and storage • Discusses the benefits of using both thermal and non-thermal processing methods for extraction of anthocyanins from various subtropical fruits • Explains the applications of synthetic and natural anthocyanins in foods and their regulatory aspects Providing comprehensive information on extraction techniques as well as the chemical and health properties of anthocyanins from various subtropical fruits, this book is a valuable resource for academic students, research scholars, and food scientists. 9781032127958_
An Anthology of Theories and Models of Design: Philosophy, Approaches and Empirical Explorations
by Amaresh Chakrabarti Lucienne T. M. BlessingWhile investigations into both theories and models has remained a major strand of engineering design research, current literature sorely lacks a reference book that provides a comprehensive and up-to-date anthology of theories and models, and their philosophical and empirical underpinnings; An Anthology of Theories and Models of Design fills this gap. The text collects the expert views of an international authorship, covering: #65533; significant theories in engineering design, including CK theory, domain theory, and the theory of technical systems; #65533; current models of design, from a function behavior structure model to an integrated model; #65533; important empirical research findings from studies into design; and #65533; philosophical underpinnings of design itself. For educators and researchers in engineering design, An Anthology of Theories and Models of Design gives access to in-depth coverage of theoretical and empirical developments in this area; for practitioners, the book will provide exposure to theoretical and empirical foundations to methods and tools that are currently practiced as well as those in the process of development.
The Anthropocene and its Future: The Challenges of Accelerating Social and Ecological Change
by Karl BruckmeierThis book analyses the complex social and ecological processes of the Great Acceleration, the Great Transformation, and sustainable development that shape the future of the global society in the twenty-first century. The first process takes place for a longer time, the second over the past thirty years, with attempts to build a sustainable economy and society in the global policy of sustainable development. The processes and their interaction will be discussed with knowledge from inter- and transdisciplinary transformation research, social and political ecology, and theories of modern society. The guiding theoretical concepts for the social-ecological transformation will be clarified: the concepts of acceleration, transformation, and sustainable development, and the societal and ecological processes they include. To obtain a more detailed picture of the changes in the global social-ecological system, different parts of the global transformation, the digital transformation, the transformation of food systems, and the transformation of modes of living in the social lifeworld are described to show the complex changes in the epoch of the Anthropocene more concretely. The global change processes in society and nature are caused by human forces but are difficult to control through policy and governance. With the interdisciplinary integration of concepts and knowledge, it becomes possible to provide a more detailed picture, of the difficulties to achieve a sustainable future society.
The Anthropocene Cookbook: Recipes and Opportunities for Future Catastrophes
by Zane Cerpina Stahl StenslieMore than sixty speculative art and design projects explore how art, food, and creative thinking can prepare us for future catastrophes.In the Age of the Anthropocene—a era characterized by human-caused climate disaster—catastrophes and dystopias loom. The Anthropocene Cookbook takes our planetary state of emergency as an opportunity to seize the moment to imagine constructive change and new ideas. How can we survive in an age of constant environmental crises? How can we thrive? The Anthropocene Cookbook answers these questions by presenting a series of investigative art and design projects that explore how art, food, and creative thinking can prepare us for future catastrophes. This cookbook of ideas rethinks our eating habits and traditions, challenges our food taboos, and proposes new recipes for humanity&’s survival. These more than sixty projects propose new ways to think and make food, offering tools for creative action rather than traditional recipes. They imagine modifying the human body to digest cellulose, turning plastic into food, tasting smog, extracting spices and medicines from sewage, and growing meat in the lab. They investigate provocative possibilities: What if we made cheese using human bacteria, enabled human photosynthesis through symbiosis with algae, and brought back extinct species in order to eat them? The projects are diverse in their creative approaches and their agendas—multilayered, multifaceted, hybrid, and cross-pollinated. The Anthropocene Cookbook offers a survival guide for a future gone rogue, a road map to our edible futures.
Anthropogene Ausbreitung von Pflanzen, ihren Pathogenen und Parasiten
by Thomas MiedanerNoch nie sind Menschen und Waren so weit und so häufig gereist wie heute. Trotzdem spielte die Wanderung in der gesamten Geschichte der Menschheit eine große Rolle. So brachten die Bandkeramiker nicht nur die wichtigen Kulturpflanzen Weizen, Gerste, Linsen, Erbsen, Lein aus der Levante und Anatolien nach Mitteleuropa, sondern auch die Getreideroste Mehltau, Kornkäfer und Hausmaus. Ein paar Jahrtausende später kamen aus dem Osten Hirse und Hanf, Roggen und Hafer und um die Zeitenwende brachten die Römer zahlreiche neue Kulturpflanzen und Vorratsschädlinge nach Deutschland und England. Kolumbus und seine Nachfolger importierten Mais, Tomaten, Kürbis, Bohnen aus Mexiko und Kartoffeln von den Anden nach Europa und die dazu gehörigen Schädlinge kamen früher oder später nach. Der Kolonialismus wirbelte vor allem tropische Pflanzen durcheinander und heute baut Südamerika Kaffee, der ursprünglich aus Äthiopien kam, für die ganze Welt an. Seit der modernen Globalisierung cruisen ständig riesige Containerschiffe und Flugzeuge um die ganze Welt und bringen Passagiere und Fracht, aber auch Pathogene und Parasiten in die entlegensten Winkel dieser Erde. Dieses Buch zeigt die Auswirkungen weltweiter Migration von Pflanzen und die Krankheitsprobleme, die damit verbunden sind. Durch DNS-Untersuchungen können wir heute eindeutig die Herkunft von Schadpilzen und Schädlingen feststellen und erstmals ihre globale Dynamik verstehen. Gerade merken wir, dass Kulturpflanzen, Klimawandel und Krankheiten mehr miteinander zu tun haben als uns lieb ist und die Verbreitung von Krankheiten immer weiter geht. Dies bedroht auch unsere Ernten und lässt Lebensmittel teurer werden.
Anthropogenic Aquifer Recharge: WSP Methods in Water Resources Evaluation Series No. 5 (Springer Hydrogeology)
by Robert G. MalivaThe book is an overview of the diversity of anthropogenic aquifer recharge (AAR) techniques that use aquifers to store and treat water. It focusses on the processes and the hydrogeological and geochemical factors that affect their performance. This book is written from an applied perspective with a focus of taking advantage of global historical experiences, both positive and negative, as a guide to future implementation. Most AAR techniques are now mature technologies in that they have been employed for some time, their scientific background is well understood, and their initial operational challenges and associated solutions have been identified. However, opportunities exist for improved implementation and some recently employed and potential future innovations are presented. AAR which includes managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is a very important area of water resources management and there is no recent books that specifically and comprehensively addresses the subject.
Anthropogenic Environmental Hazards: Compensation and Mitigation
by Pankaj Pathak Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava Sadia IlyasThis book delves into the anthropogenic activities responsible for environmental hazards, their compensation, and potential mitigation strategies. It sheds light on the major contributors to the climate change issues aggravated by non-sustainable practices for the overexploitation of natural resources. Critical topics such as high emissions in primary mining, the recovery of energy-critical metals by urban mining, solid waste management, and forest conservation are explored, offering insights into the urgent challenges we face.Amidst the rapid demand for resources and the expansion of human habitats, the book emphasizes the need for new approaches to natural resource management and introspection of our actions. Experts in the field discuss existing anthropogenic environmental hazards in detail, alongside environmental compensation, and effective mitigation approaches.The book begins with a chapter dedicated to risk assessment in primary mining activities for precious metals, proposing potential routes for mitigation. Chapter 2 focuses on assessing and mitigating the environmental footprints of energy-critical metals used in permanent magnets. In Chapter 3, a case study examines sustainable resource utilization through end-of-life room air conditioner recycling. Additional chapters provide critical insights into:The environmental impacts of e-waste and government policies for responsible managementHazards associated with industrial effluents and corresponding mitigation strategiesThe role of roadside plants in phytoremediation of heavy metal pollutionSustainable utilization of anthropogenic coal fly ash through mechanical and chemical activationEnvironmental damages resulting from the mismanagement of municipal solid wasteEnvironmental problems and remediation strategies for anthropogenic biomass wasteChallenges in sustainable municipal solid waste management and suggestions for environmental risk mitigation The book concludes with a chapter discussing collaborative governance and non-monetary compensation mechanisms for sustainable forest management. Given its breadth, this book serves as an indispensable resource for researchers, policymakers, and environmental professionals seeking sustainable approaches to tackle pressing environmental challenges.
Anthropogenic Geomorphology: A Guide to Man-Made Landforms
by Denes Loczy József Szabó Lóránt DávidAnthropogenic geomorphology studies society's impact on the geographical environment, and especially on the Earth's surface. This volume provides guidance to students discussing the basic topics of anthropogenic geomorphology. The chapters cover both its system, and its connections with other sciences, as well as the way the subject can contribute to tackling today's practical problems. The book represents all fields of geomorphology, giving an introduction to the diversity of the discipline through examples taken from a range of contexts and periods, and focusing on examples from Europe. It is no accident that anthropogenic geomorphology has been gaining ground within geomorphology itself. Its results advance not only the theoretical development of the science but can be applied directly to social and economic issues. Worldwide, anthropogenic geomorphology is an integral and expanding part of earth sciences curricula in higher education, making this a timely and relevant text.
Anthropogenic Rivers: The Production of Uncertainty in Lao Hydropower (Expertise: Cultures and Technologies of Knowledge)
by Jerome WhitingtonIn the 2000s, Laos was treated as a model country for the efficacy of privatized, "sustainable" hydropower projects as viable options for World Bank-led development. By viewing hydropower as a process that creates ecologically uncertain environments, Jerome Whitington reveals how new forms of managerial care have emerged in the context of a privatized dam project successfully targeted by transnational activists. Based on ethnographic work inside the hydropower company, as well as with Laotians affected by the dam, he investigates how managers, technicians and consultants grapple with unfamiliar environmental obligations through new infrastructural configurations, locally-inscribed ethical practices, and forms of flexible experimentation informed by American management theory.Far from the authoritative expertise that characterized classical modernist hydropower, sustainable development in Laos has been characterized by a shift from the risk politics of the 1990s to an ontological politics in which the institutional conditions of infrastructure investment are pervasively undermined by sophisticated ‘hactivism.’ Whitington demonstrates how late industrial environments are infused with uncertainty inherent in the anthropogenic ecologies themselves. Whereas ‘anthropogenic’ usually describes human-induced environmental change, it can also show how new capacities for being human are generated when people live in ecologies shot through with uncertainty. Implementing what Foucault called a "historical ontology of ourselves," Anthropogenic Rivers formulates a new materialist critique of the dirty ecologies of late industrialism by pinpointing the opportunistic, ambitious and speculative ontology of capitalist natures.