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The Road to General Intelligence (Studies in Computational Intelligence #1049)
by Bas Steunebrink Jerry Swan Eric Nivel Neel Kant Jules Hedges Timothy AtkinsonHumans have always dreamed of automating laborious physical and intellectual tasks, but the latter has proved more elusive than naively suspected. Seven decades of systematic study of Artificial Intelligence have witnessed cycles of hubris and despair. The successful realization of General Intelligence (evidenced by the kind of cross-domain flexibility enjoyed by humans) will spawn an industry worth billions and transform the range of viable automation tasks.The recent notable successes of Machine Learning has lead to conjecture that it might be the appropriate technology for delivering General Intelligence. In this book, we argue that the framework of machine learning is fundamentally at odds with any reasonable notion of intelligence and that essential insights from previous decades of AI research are being forgotten. We claim that a fundamental change in perspective is required, mirroring that which took place in the philosophy of science in the mid 20th century. We propose a framework for General Intelligence, together with a reference architecture that emphasizes the need for anytime bounded rationality and a situated denotational semantics. We given necessary emphasis to compositional reasoning, with the required compositionality being provided via principled symbolic-numeric inference mechanisms based on universal constructions from category theory.• Details the pragmatic requirements for real-world General Intelligence.• Describes how machine learning fails to meet these requirements.• Provides a philosophical basis for the proposed approach.• Provides mathematical detail for a reference architecture.• Describes a research program intended to address issues of concern in contemporary AI.The book includes an extensive bibliography, with ~400 entries covering the history of AI and many related areas of computer science and mathematics.The target audience is the entire gamut of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning researchers and industrial practitioners. There are a mixture of descriptive and rigorous sections, according to the nature of the topic. Undergraduate mathematics is in general sufficient. Familiarity with category theory is advantageous for a complete understanding of the more advanced sections, but these may be skipped by the reader who desires an overall picture of the essential conceptsThis is an open access book.
The Road to Integration: A Guide to Applying the ISA-95 Standard in Manufacturing
by Bianca ScholtenIn recent decades, industrial companies have invested much time and money in enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and in automation of the process control layer. In our quest to reap the rewards of all these investments, the gap between business automation and process automation is becoming painfully obvious. ERP systems are only valuable if you supply them with current data, and these data originate largely from the process control layer. When integrating these systems, both IT departments and engineering departments must confront the high degree of heterogeneity found in technology, metadata, programming languages, user interfaces, and more. Good communication with the system's end user is essential as several departments are usually involved, such as production, maintenance, the lab, and the office. Try speaking the same language then! Against this backdrop, ISA decided in the 1990s to develop the ISA-95 standard for integrating enterprise and control systems in order to reduce the risks, costs, and errors that go hand in hand with implementing manufacturing control systems and integrating them with ERP systems. This handy resource explains how to apply ISA-95 in manufacturing enterprise systems (MES) and vertical integration projects, as well as reveals the most important ISA-95 models and terminology. It is ideal for those just starting out who need to get up to speed on ISA-95's background information but also for those who have some practical experience with ISA-95 and require additional support in carrying out analyses to determine a specific company's MES strategy and to define user requirements. If you develop MES functionality or realize interfaces based on ISA-95, then this guide will help you understand and apply the ISA-95 object models. Most important, the guide explains how to integrate ERP and MES systems using ISA-95. It places ISA-95 in the broader context of modern information exchange technologies and thus offers a complete picture for project managers, consultants, programmers, and information architects who want to integrate ERP and MES systems based on the international standard.
The Road to Quality Control: The Industrial Application of Statistical Quality Control by Homer M. Sarasohn
by Nicholas Fisher Yutaka Tanaka William WoodallProfessor Woodall’s essay shows that this book represents a remarkable contribution, even by today’s standards, because of its contemporary thinking about the relationship between the specific topic of SQC and the broader company context of Quality Management. It also demonstrates the remarkable awareness of at least some young US engineers in the post-war period about the vital role of Statistical Quality Control in establishing and maintaining a competitive position. The book reveals that there was unsuspected knowledge extant immediately post-war, about the importance of Statistical Quality Control when appropriately applied in an industrial setting. It also helps to correct wide-spread historical misconceptions about who specifically was responsible for helping Japanese industry get back on its feet post-war, a task assigned to General Douglas Macarthur by President Truman and how Macarthur was indebted to Sarasohn.
The Road to Servitization: How Product Service Systems Can Disrupt Companies’ Business Models
by Fabio Nonino Cinzia Battistella Alessandro AnnarelliThe book describes state-of-the-art product service systems, and provides a framework to categorize the knowledge surrounding these systems. It discusses the evolution and spread of the servitization model across industries, and explores its current and most relevant applications in industry. Further, the book highlights the model’s strategic value for business and management, operations, and sustainability and shows readers how to enhance service design and implementation. The contributors provide the theory behind servitization as well as the evidence for it, and report practical and industrial lessons learned. Illustrations, charts, and tables effectively guide readers through real-world and potential applications of product service systems, and case studies describing how companies have innovated and developed award winning business models are also included. Moreover, the book exhibits the selection and implementation policies for product service systems in different industrial environments. Providing comprehensive information on the product service system phenomenon, this book is essential reading for researchers and practitioners in the product service and business industries. It is also of interest to students and lecturers in business strategy and service management, as it shows the latest trends shaping the modern contexts in which companies operate.
The Road towards 6G: A Comprehensive View of the Enabling Technologies
by Valeria Loscri Luca Chiaraviglio Anna Maria VegniThe proposed book will provide a comprehensive picture of the journey from 5G networks towards 6G. Different aspects, ranging from theoretical foundations to existing platforms and technologies will be presented and analysed, by critically highlighting the real opportunities and the challenges. The first chapters are to describe the general “transitioning” aspects from 5G to 6G. After that, an overview on the different technologies is provided, to present at the end the security aspects, the new applications and an analysis of the electromagnetic exposure, above all in terms of comparative in respect of 5G. Security and Application will be straightforward better explained after the big picture on the different technologies is detailed in the previous chapters. 6G is an emerging complex paradigm, with some important new concepts, that would enable an extremely high reliability and low latency. The main purpose is to provide the reader a thorough vision of the enabling technologies, their potential and what is still needed to fill the gap in terms of sustainability and coexistence of the different technologies. Since different emerging technologies will be considered and detailed in the book, it will be interesting for the reader to infer the major opportunities of each and the main limitations. This kind of information will mainly boost the potential interactions of different technologies to provide a more reliable system.
Road & Track Iconic Cars: BMW M Series (Road & Track Iconic Cars)
by Larry WebsterFully illustrated with color photography, this eBook collects Road & Track&’s coverage of the acclaimed BMW M Series from 1985 to 2014. Since it debuted the BMW E2 in 1972, the legendary German car brand has taken a balanced approach to its M series cars, turning already competitive models into well-rounded, capable performance machines. Year after year, BMW&’s Motorsport division has set the standard for power, style, and overall excellence. This eBook collects Road & Track&’s BMW M car coverage, including features, reviews, comparison tests, and interviews on everything from the M3 and M5 to the short-lived M1 supercar, and even the recent M-badged SUVs. Taken together, the nearly thirty years of expert automotive writing presents a critical history of BMW&’s design and engineering achievements.
Road & Track Iconic Cars: Camaro (Road & Track Iconic Cars)
by Larry WebsterThis fully illustrated eBook collects more than 30 years of articles and reviews on the classic American coupe from the experts at Road & Track. Since the Camaro debuted in 1966, the Chevy coupe&’s combination of high style, stout performance, and affordable price have made it an automotive icon. This eBook, compiled from the pages of Road & Track magazine, takes readers inside the launch, the racers, the duds, and, of course, the Camaro&’s triumphant return. Packed with photographs, this volume covers the classic Chevy from the 1968 Camaro Z-28 to 2001&’s Camaro SS. It features road tests, reviews, feature stories, and comparisons from the automotive experts who know best, along with interviews with the folks behind the Camaro and columns from Matt DeLorenzo and Peter Egan.
Road & Track Iconic Cars: Mustang (Road & Track Iconic Cars)
by Larry WebsterThis eBook collects 50 years of articles and reviews on the iconic American sportscar from the experts at Road & Track. Nothing says America like the Ford Mustang, the original pony car and the country&’s most beloved sporting machine. This fully illustrated volume, pulled from the pages of Road & Track, documents the rise of this automotive icon—the brainchild of crude engineering, modern styling, and fantastic marketing. This eBook looks back across 50 years of coverage, from recaps of Ford&’s game-changing win at Le Mans in 1966 to the dark years of the Mustang II. There are road tests, comparisons, and reviews from the R&T archives. Taken as a whole, this half-century of automotive journalism demonstrates why the car that defined a generation continues to mean so much to so many.
Road Traffic Analysis, Theoretical Approaches and Practical Solutions (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #877)
by Elżbieta Macioszek Irena Jurdana Grzegorz SierpińskiThis book presents many valuable tips for making decisions related to road traffic in transport networks. The knowledge base in practical examples, as well as the decision support systems described in this volume, finds interest among people who face the daily challenge of searching for advanced solutions and practical applications in road traffic engineering. The publication is therefore addressed to local authorities related to the planning and development of development strategies for selected areas with regard to transport (both in the urban and regional dimension) and to representatives of business and industry, as people directly involved in the implementation of traffic engineering solutions. The tips contained in individual sections of the publication allow to look at a given problem in an advanced way and facilitate the selection of the appropriate strategy (among others, in relation to the heuristic approach to assessing the performance efficiency of road intersections in urban environments from the resilience perspective, modeling the distribution of transport pollutants in a naturally ventilated road tunnel, development of a camera-based parking monitoring system with an automatic parking spot identification). In turn, due to a new approach to theoretical models (including, inter alia, problems with the safety of passengers at tram stops or energy-efficient radio platforms for the implementation of nodes of sensor networks), the publication also interests scientists and researchers carrying out research in this area. The publication entitled "Road Traffic Analysis, Theoretical Approaches and Practical Solutions" contains selected papers submitted to and presented at the 19th “Transport Systems. Theory and Practice” Scientific and Technical Conference organized by the Department of Transport Systems, Traffic Engineering and Logistics at the Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering at the Silesian University of Technology. The conference took place on September 18–19, 2023, in Katowice (Poland).
Road Traffic Congestion: A Concise Guide
by John C. Falcocchio Herbert S. LevinsonThis book on road traffic congestion in cities and suburbs describes congestion problems and shows how they can be relieved. The first part (Chapters 1 - 3) shows how congestion reflects transportation technologies and settlement patterns. The second part (Chapters 4 - 13) describes the causes, characteristics, and consequences of congestion. The third part (Chapters 14 - 23) presents various relief strategies - including supply adaptation and demand mitigation - for nonrecurring and recurring congestion. The last part (Chapter 24) gives general guidelines for congestion relief and provides a general outlook for the future. The book will be useful for a wide audience - including students, practitioners and researchers in a variety of professional endeavors: traffic engineers, transportation planners, public transport specialists, city planners, public administrators, and private enterprises that depend on transportation for their activities.
Road Vehicle Automation (Lecture Notes In Mobility Ser.)
by Gereon Meyer Sven BeikerThis contributed volume covers all relevant aspects of road vehicle automation including societal impacts, legal matters, and technology innovation from the perspectives of a multitude of public and private actors. It is based on an expert workshop organized by the Transportation Research Board at Stanford University in July 2013. The target audience primarily comprises academic researchers, but the book may also be of interest to practitioners and professionals. Higher levels of road vehicle automation are considered beneficial for road safety, energy efficiency, productivity, convenience and social inclusion. The necessary key technologies in the fields of object-recognition systems, data processing and infrastructure communication have been consistently developed over the recent years and are mostly available on the market today. However, there is still a need for substantial research and development, e.g. with interactive maps, data processing, functional safety and the fusion of different data sources. Driven by stakeholders in the IT industry, intensive efforts to accelerate the introduction of road vehicle automation are currently underway.
Road Vehicle Automation 10 (Lecture Notes in Mobility)
by Gereon Meyer Sven BeikerThis book is the tenth volume of a sub-series on Road Vehicle Automation, published as part of the Lecture Notes in Mobility. It gathers contributions to the Automated Road Transportation Symposium (ARTS 2022), held on July 18-21, 2022, in Garden Grove, USA, CA. Written by researchers, engineers and analysts from around the globe, this book offers a multidisciplinary perspectives on the opportunities and challenges associated with automating road transportation. It highlights innovative strategies, including public policies, infrastructure planning and automated technologies, which are expected to foster sustainable and automated mobility in the near future, thus addressing industry, government and research communities alike.
Road Vehicle Automation 11 (Lecture Notes in Mobility)
by Gereon Meyer Sven BeikerThis book is the eleventh volume of a sub-series on Road Vehicle Automation, published as part of the Lecture Notes in Mobility. It gathers original peer-reviewed works based on contributions to the plenary and breakout sessions of the Automated Road Transportation Symposium (ARTS 2023), held on July 9-13, 2023, in San Francisco, CA, USA. The chapters were selected and reviewed by the book editors, together with a number of experts in automated mobility, who were also involved in organizing different sessions at the above-mentioned conference. Written by researchers, engineers and analysts from around the globe, this book offers multidisciplinary perspectives on the opportunities and challenges associated with automating road transportation. It highlights innovative strategies, including public policies, infrastructure planning and automation technologies, which are expected to foster more sustainable and safer mobility in the near future, thereby addressing industry, government and research communities alike.
Road Vehicle Automation 5 (Lecture Notes in Mobility)
by Gereon Meyer Sven BeikerThis is the fifth volume of a sub series on Road Vehicle Automation published within the Lecture Notes in Mobility. Like in previous editions, scholars, engineers and analysts from all around the world have contributed chapters covering human factors, ethical, legal, energy and technology aspects related to automated vehicles, as well as transportation infrastructure and public planning. The book is based on the Automated Vehicles Symposium which was hosted by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) and the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) in San Francisco, California (USA) in July 2017.
Road Vehicle Automation 6 (Lecture Notes in Mobility)
by Gereon Meyer Sven BeikerThis is the sixth volume of a sub series on Road Vehicle Automation published within the Lecture Notes in Mobility. The contents have been provided by researchers, engineers and analysts from all around the world. Topics covered include public sector activities, human factors and challenges, ethical, legal, energy and technology perspectives, vehicle systems development, as well as transportation infrastructure and planning. The book is based on the Automated Vehicles Symposium held on July 9-12, 2018 in San Francisco, CA (USA).
Road Vehicle Automation 7 (Lecture Notes in Mobility)
by Gereon Meyer Sven BeikerThis book is the seventh volume of a sub-series on Road Vehicle Automation, published as part of the Lecture Notes in Mobility. Written by researchers, engineers and analysts from around the globe, the contributions are based on oral and poster presentations from the Automated Vehicles Symposium (AVS) 2019, held on July 15–18, 2019, in Orlando, Florida, USA. The book explores public sector activities, human factors aspects, vehicle systems and other related technological developments, as well as transportation infrastructure planning, which are expect to foster and support road vehicle automation.
Road Vehicle Automation 8 (Lecture Notes in Mobility)
by Gereon Meyer Sven BeikerThis book is the eight volume of a sub-series on Road Vehicle Automation, published as part of the Lecture Notes in Mobility. Written by researchers, engineers and analysts from around the globe, the contributions are based on oral and poster presentations from the Automated Vehicles Symposium (AVS) 2020, held on July 27–30, 2020, as a fully virtual event. The book explores public sector activities, human factors aspects, vehicle systems and other related technological developments, as well as transportation infrastructure planning, which are expect to foster and support road vehicle automation.
Road Vehicle Automation 9 (Lecture Notes in Mobility)
by Gereon Meyer Sven BeikerThis book is the ninth volume of a sub-series on Road Vehicle Automation, published as part of the Lecture Notes in Mobility. It gathers contributions to the Automated Road Transportation Symposium (ARTS), held on July 12-15, 2021, as a fully virtual event, and as a continuation of TRB's annual summer symposia on automated vehicle systems. Written by researchers, engineers and analysts from around the globe, this book offers a multidisciplinary perspectives on the opportunities and challenges associated with automating road transportation. It highlights innovative strategies, including public policies, infrastructure planning and automated technologies, which are expected to foster sustainable and automated mobility in the near future, thus addressing industry, government and research communities alike.
Road Vehicle Dynamics: Fundamentals and Modeling with MATLAB®
by Georg Rill Abel Arrieta CastroRoad Vehicle Dynamics: Fundamentals and Modeling with MATLAB®, Second Edition combines coverage of vehicle dynamics concepts with MATLAB v9.4 programming routines and results, along with examples and numerous chapter exercises. Improved and updated, the revised text offers new coverage of active safety systems, rear wheel steering, race car suspension systems, airsprings, four-wheel drive, mechatronics, and other topics. Based on the lead author's extensive lectures, classes, and research activities, this unique text provides readers with insights into the computer-based modeling of automobiles and other ground vehicles. Instructor resources, including problem solutions, are available from the publisher.
Roadmap for Global Sustainability — Rise of the Green Communities: Rise Of The Green Communities (Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation)
by Salah El-Haggar Aliaa SamahaProgressive increases in consumer demands along with aggressive industrial consumption led the world to proximate resource depletion, weather changes, soil and air degradation and water quality deterioration. We now know that the paradigm of production at the expense of human condition is not sustainable. This book briefly explains how we reached this situation and offers suggestions as to what can be done to overcome it. It invites the best entrepreneurial talent and scientific and technological know-how to develop a sustainable economy around sustainable communities, services, and sectors. A major obstacle previously identified by involved parties was the ability of accommodating for the emerging economic growth without causing harm to the environment, especially with resource depletion. This book provides the solution by creating a need to bring on a new revolution that preserves the rights of next generations to live in a healthy environment This Sustainability Revolution requires the integration of economic, environmental, and social factor as well as the practical aspects of implementing sustainability through green activities, which are discussed throughout the book. In this book, a globalization is proposed that encourages creativity and innovation towards sustainability. With this global sustainability approach (real globalization) both rich and poor will benefit from the global sustainability approach. This will close the gap between rich and poor. Developing countries could reap the benefit of current technology without undergoing many of the growing pains associated with development of these technologies. Governments are able to better work together towards common goals now that there is an advantage in cooperation, an improved ability to interact and coordinate, and a global awareness of issues. The book presents a sustainability roadmap to bring together various concepts, that have been dealt with independently by previous authors, and link them to establish the fundamental practical steps. The flow path and the direction for successful implementation of a sustainability roadmap are also discussed in detail in the book. For the first time, the authors use sustainable communities to create a better quality of life for residents while minimizing the use of the resources to meet current needs and ensure adequate resources for future generations. These green communities create new industries for the local economy and improve public health, which offers more hope for their citizens. Sustainable transportation, renewable energy, recycling, clean water, and urban forests help to make a more livable community and help to control the global climate change. They involve all citizens and incorporate local values into decision-making.
A Roadmap for Plant Genome Editing
by Agnès Ricroch Dennis Eriksson Dragana Miladinović Jeremy Sweet Katrijn Van Laere Ewa Woźniak-GientkaThis open access book is an update of genome editing techniques applied to a range of plants. We discuss the latest techniques and applications to cereals, roots and tubers, oilseed crops, fruit and forest trees, vegetables, legumes and algae including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improved quality, drug production, yield and adaptation to climate change. The regulations in different countries worldwide, the patentibility and the perception by society of the applications of new genomic techniques are examined. This book is written by a multidisciplinary and multisectoral collective of high-profile scientists and other experts belonging to the COST Action network PlantEd, which is mainly European but with contributions from American, Australian, Canadian, Chinese, Indian, Iranian, Pakistani and Peruvian scientists. The book is aimed at a wide audience consisting of students, academics, private and public breeders, other actors in the food and bioeconomy value chains and policy and law makers.This is an open access book.
A Roadmap for the Uptake of Cyber-Physical Systems for Facilities Management (Routledge Research Collections for Construction in Developing Countries)
by Matthew Ikuabe Clinton Aigbavboa Chimay J Anumba Ayodeji OkeThis is the first book to conceptualise and develop a roadmap for the adoption of cyber-physical systems (CPS) for facilities management (FM) in developing countries. It is argued that effective use of CPS can help to significantly improve issues such as extended processing time, poor data acquisition, ineffective coverage of facility maintenance history, and poor-quality control within the facilities management sector. Through a theoretical review of relevant technology adoption models and frameworks, A Roadmap for the Uptake of Cyber-Physical Systems for Facilities Management provides a clear insight into the required parameters for integrating CPS into facilities management. The book will be beneficial to relevant stakeholders who face the responsibility of facilities and construction management as it contributes to the growing demand for the adoption of digital technologies in the delivery and management of built infrastructure. Furthermore, it serves as a solid theoretical base for researchers and academics in the quest to expand the existing borderline on construction digitalisation, especially in the post-occupancy stage.
A Roadmap on Smart Textiles
by Anne Schwarz Lieva Van Langenhove Philippe Guermonprez Denis DeguillemontIn order to stimulate the progress in smart textiles, emerging developments need to be identified and selectively strengthened. Hence, this issue reports on a three-dimensional roadmap on smart textiles. It aims at contributing to set future actions in research, education and technology development. Research activities and technological developments are mapped, barriers and drivers of technological, strategic and societal and economical origins are identified. Finally, recommendations are phrased on how to overcome barriers and to progress in the field of smart textiles.
A Roadmap to Future Space Connectivity: Satellite and Interplanetary Networks (Signals and Communication Technology)
by Claudio Sacchi Fabrizio Granelli Riccardo Bassoli Frank H. P. Fitzek Marina RuggieriThis book provides an overview of the latest R&D advancements in the field of ICT technologies inherent to a New Space vision. The book presents a system-level and technology-level description of future space networking and communications. The authors also expand the vision to interplanetary networks. The book spans hardware and software technologies for future space communication networks, also considering very modern paradigms like quantum technologies and Softwarization. In the book, the word “space” is intended in a wider sense than the usual “satellite communications”, including new and partially unexplored fields like quantum space communications, interplanetary communications, and extra-terrestrial Radio Access Networks (RANs). The book includes applications including Internet of Space Things, Tactile Internet/Digital twins for Space and discusses future challenges like those involved by the concept of “sustainable Space”.Provides an overview of the latest R&D advancements in the field of ICT technologies inherent to a New Space vision;Considers visions and perspectives of space technology, including a through overview of satellite communications;Presents a system-level overview of future space networking and communications.
Roadmap to Greener Computing
by Raoul-Abelin Choumin Nguemaleu Lionel MontheuAs computers become faster, use more energy, and older models become obsolete more quickly, the question is often asked: What can the engineering and computer science community do to make computing greener? Roadmap to Greener Computing defines the challenges involved in making computing more environmentally friendly and includes methods and techniq