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Power, Speed, and Form: Engineers and the Making of the Twentieth Century
by David P. Billington David Billington Jr.Power, Speed, and Form is the first accessible account of the engineering behind eight breakthrough innovations that transformed American life from 1876 to 1939—the telephone, electric power, oil refining, the automobile, the airplane, radio, the long-span steel bridge, and building with reinforced concrete. Beginning with Thomas Edison's system to generate and distribute electric power, the authors explain the Bell telephone, the oil refining processes of William Burton and Eugene Houdry, Henry Ford's Model T car and the response by General Motors, the Wright brothers' airplane, radio innovations from Marconi to Armstrong, Othmar Ammann's George Washington Bridge, the reinforced concrete structures of John Eastwood and Anton Tedesko, and in the 1930s, the Chrysler Airflow car and the Douglas DC-3 airplane.These innovations used simple numerical ideas, which the Billingtons integrate with short narrative accounts of each breakthrough—a unique and effective way to introduce engineering and how engineers think. The book shows how the best engineering exemplifies efficiency, economy and, where possible, elegance. With Power, Speed, and Form, educators, first-year engineering students, liberal arts students, and general readers now have, for the first time in one volume, an accessible and readable history of engineering achievements that were vital to America's development and that are still the foundations of modern life.
Power, State and Space: Conceptualizing, Measuring and Comparing Space Actors (Studies in Space Policy #35)
by Marco Aliberti Ottorino Cappelli Rodrigo PrainoThis book explains on what basis a nation can claim the status of space power, what are the criteria differentiating a space power from “lesser” space actors, and how their spacepower can be empirically measured and assessed. To this end, it sets forth a comprehensive multidisciplinary framework to enable a dynamic comparison of space actors and of the pathways that lead them in and out of the space powers’ club. Drawing upon a critical review of the existing literature, it conceptualises spacepower as a form of state power based on the complex interplay between the two defining dimensions of stateness, namely the well-studied dimension of capacity and the often neglected yet exceedingly important dimension of autonomy. The book demonstrates that only actors possessing high levels of both autonomy and capacity qualify as space powers. Different levels of either capacity or autonomy produce other types of space actors, including skilled spacefarers, self-reliant spacefarers, primed spacefarers, and emerging space actors. This innovative conceptual framework is complemented by an in-depth comparative assessment that collects and processes a large amount of hard-to-find data on the most active global space actors and aggregates multiple indicators into a compound, non-hierarchical index of space power visualised in the form of a matrix.
Power Stations Using Locally Available Energy Sources (Encyclopedia Of Sustainability Science And Technology Ser.)
by Lucien Y. BronickiThis volume covers the utilization of geothermal and related energy resources that exploit variations in temperature, chemistry, etc. and require different plant designs and technologies for each location. Extending beyond power plants using geothermal and ocean energy, coverage includes hot dry rock systems, geothermal conditioning, solar ponds, osmotic power, dry air, and potential future deep sea hydrothermal sources. Some technologies have reached the prototype stage, some not even that, but where much work has been invested, it is important to provide a complete picture if only to prevent others from following a dead-end path. For geothermal power plants, the greatest challenge remains the geothermal resource itself. Power conversion is the least uncertain part of a geothermal project, as it consists of a straightforward engineering design with work executed by experienced manufacturers, engineering firms, and contractors. The issues associated with integrating large amounts of ocean energy into the overall supply are also explored.Collecting more than 20 new articles and updated entries, all peer reviewed, this volume in the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Second Edition, provides an authoritative introduction from exploration techniques to conversion systems for a wide range of locally available energy sources. This comprehensive reference is suitable for those just entering these fields, but also offers new insights for advanced researchers, industry experts, and decision makers.
Power Supply Devices and Systems of Relay Protection
by Vladimir GurevichPower Supply Devices and Systems of Relay Protection brings relay protection and electrical power engineers a single, concentrated source of information on auxiliary power supply systems and devices. The book also tackles specific problems and solutions of relay protection power supply systems and devices, which are often not dealt with in the literature. The author, an experienced engineer with more than 100 patents, draws on his own experience to offer practical, tested advice to readers. A Guide to Relay Protection Power Supply for Engineers and Technicians The first chapter reviews the electronics and primary elements of the system, including transistors, thyristors, optocouplers, logic elements, and relays, and their principles of operation. This background gives staff who service relay protection power supply systems the necessary electronics knowledge to help them work more effectively with the equipment. The next chapters of the book then cover built-in digital protection relay power supplies, battery chargers, accumulator batteries, uninterruptible power supply, and characteristic features of auxiliary DC systems at substations and power plants. The final chapters discuss questions and problems that engineers and technicians may face. These include insulation problems, issues in auxiliary DC power supply such as voltage dips, and electromagnetic disturbances such as blackouts, spikes, and surges. The author also explains how to address them. Suitable for beginners and experienced engineers alike, the book is written for those who work with relay protection systems and with AC and DC auxiliary power systems in power plants and substations. It combines theory and practical recommendations to provide a valuable reference on power supply devices and systems.
Power Swing Detection and Generator Out-of-Step Protection Under Renewable Power Source Integration (Energy Systems in Electrical Engineering)
by Jignesh Kumar Desai Vijay MakwanaThis monograph focuses on the modern power system and its reliable operation on a national scale. The contents focus on the analysis and root cause of different power system blackouts, the introduction of a phasor measurement unit incorporating a polygon-shaped graphical algorithm for out-of-step protection of the synchronous generator, predictive out-of-step protection, dual-slope relay setting, novel apparent stability concept, among others. This volume will be beneficial to academia and industry during the testing, development, and modeling of protective relays for generators, transformers, and transmission lines.
Power-Switching Converters
by Simon Ang Alejandro Oliva Gary Griffiths Richard HarrisonSignificantly expanded and updated with extensive revisions, new material, and a new chapter on emerging applications of switching converters, Power-Switching Converters, Third Edition offers the same trusted, accessible, and comprehensive information as its bestselling predecessors. Similar to the two previous editions, this book can be used for a
Power System Analysis: Short-Circuit Load Flow and Harmonics, Second Edition (Power Engineering (Willis) #1)
by J.C. DasFundamental to the planning, design, and operating stages of any electrical engineering endeavor, power system analysis continues to be shaped by dramatic advances and improvements that reflect today’s changing energy needs. Highlighting the latest directions in the field, Power System Analysis: Short-Circuit Load Flow and Harmonics, Second Edition includes investigations into arc flash hazard analysis and its migration in electrical systems, as well as wind power generation and its integration into utility systems. Designed to illustrate the practical application of power system analysis to real-world problems, this book provides detailed descriptions and models of major electrical equipment, such as transformers, generators, motors, transmission lines, and power cables. With 22 chapters and 7 appendices that feature new figures and mathematical equations, coverage includes: Short-circuit analyses, symmetrical components, unsymmetrical faults, and matrix methods Rating structures of breakers Current interruption in AC circuits, and short-circuiting of rotating machines Calculations according to the new IEC and ANSI/IEEE standards and methodologies Load flow, transmission lines and cables, and reactive power flow and control Techniques of optimization, FACT controllers, three-phase load flow, and optimal power flow A step-by-step guide to harmonic generation and related analyses, effects, limits, and mitigation, as well as new converter topologies and practical harmonic passive filter designs—with examples More than 2000 equations and figures, as well as solved examples, cases studies, problems, and references Maintaining the structure, organization, and simplified language of the first edition, longtime power system engineer J.C. Das seamlessly melds coverage of theory and practical applications to explore the most commonly required short-circuit, load-flow, and harmonic analyses. This book requires only a beginning knowledge of the per-unit system, electrical circuits and machinery, and matrices, and it offers significant updates and additional information, enhancing technical content and presentation of subject matter. As an instructional tool for computer simulation, it uses numerous examples and problems to present new insights while making readers comfortable with procedure and methodology.
Power System Analysis: Practice Problems, Methods, and Solutions
by Mehdi Rahmani-AndebiliThis study guide is designed for students taking courses in electric power system analysis. The textbook includes examples, questions, and exercises that will help electric power engineering students to review and sharpen their knowledge of the subject and enhance their performance in the classroom. Offering detailed solutions, multiple methods for solving problems, and clear explanations of concepts, this hands-on guide will improve student’s problem-solving skills and basic and advanced understanding of the topics covered in power system analysis courses.
Power System Analysis: Comprehensive Lessons
by Mehdi Rahmani-AndebiliPower System Analysis: Comprehensive Lessons is designed for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students taking electric power system analysis courses. The classroom-tested textbook covers the fundamental concepts in power system analysis, per-unit system, single-phase and three-phase transformers, synchronous generators, transmission line parameters, transmission line models and performance, bus admittance and impedance matrices, and power flow analysis. It provides comprehensive lessons with examples that offer detailed solutions to help students learn theoretical, numerical, and real-world problems. Additionally, partially solved exercises encourage students to solve problems while guiding them through the problem-solving process with hints to the required formulas, and exercises with final answers encourage students to practice independently. Problems without solutions or final answers will aid instructors in designing tests and quizzes and encourage motivated students. This textbook will improve students’ problem-solving skills and foster a solid understanding of power system analysis by offering detailed lessons and problem solutions, multiple methods for solving problems, and clear explanations of concepts.
Power System Assets: Investment, Management, Methods and Practices (CIGRE Green Books)
by Graeme Ancell Gary L. Ford Earl S. Hill Jody Levine Christopher Reali Eric Rijks Gérald SanchisThis CIGRE Green Book describes the state-of-the-art of power Systems asset management dealing with all aspects asset management practice. The major focus of the book is on documenting practical methods that bridge the gap between just satisfying an asset management process and achieving real asset management results in the form of smarter investment decisions. The book facilitates collaboration and blending of the engineering and technical aspects of asset management and the financial considerations needed to support asset investment decisions using risk-based business case analysis. Detailed case studies are included to illustrate generic and specific or customized methods and to demonstrate the application of such methods from the technology perspectives of several CIGRE study committees. This practical guide is suitable for working asset managers and decision-makers (both engineering and financial) dealing with all aspects of the practice of asset management.
Power System Capacitors
by Ramasamy NatarajanSince transmitting reactive power over long distances is not feasible, power systems integrate power factor correction capacitors to provide local reactive power compensation. With a wide range of options available and with the tremendous changes that have occurred over the past few decades, a comprehensive, up-to-date book on power factor capacitors is long overdue. Power System Capacitors fills this void by providing the fundamentals, applications, protection issues, and system impacts for a broad spectrum of capacitor applications.Power System Capacitors guides you through the practical installations with easy-to-follow, step-by-step instructions. The author describes the fundamentals of capacitors focused on the power factor correction, industry standards, capacitor specifications, protection of shunt capacitors, maintenance of capacitor banks, and system impact issues. He also discusses the selection of supporting equipment such as fuses, circuit breakers, and surge arresters; includes more than 290 illustrations, 90 tables, and 400 equations; and explains how to perform an economic analysis.Offering up-to-date computer-aided analysis approaches along with fundamental concepts, maintenance concerns, and economic analysis, Power System Capacitors steers you through the selection, design, installation, and maintenance of power factor correction capacitors used in modern power systems. This is a valuable tool for any power system engineer in industry, utilities, consulting, and practical power system evaluation.
Power System Coherency and Model Reduction
by Joe H. Chow"Power System Coherency and Model Reduction" provides a comprehensive treatment for understanding interarea modes in large power systems and obtaining reduced-order models using the coherency concept and selective modal analysis method. Both linear and nonlinear analysis methods are covered. This is a reference book for researchers interested in interarea oscillations and model reduction, and power engineers in developing reduced models for power system studies and control design.
Power System Control and Stability (IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering)
by Vijay Vittal Paul M. Anderson James D. McCalley A. A. FouadThe third edition of the landmark book on power system stability and control, revised and updated with new material The revised third edition of Power System Control and Stability continues to offer a comprehensive text on the fundamental principles and concepts of power system stability and control as well as new material on the latest developments in the field. The third edition offers a revised overview of power system stability and a section that explores the industry convention of q axis leading d axis in modeling of synchronous machines. In addition, the third edition focuses on simulations that utilize digital computers and commercial simulation tools, it offers an introduction to the concepts of the stability analysis of linear systems together with a detailed formulation of the system state matrix. The authors also include a revised chapter that explores both implicit and explicit integration methods for transient stability. Power System Control and Stability offers an in-depth review of essential topics and: Discusses topics of contemporary and future relevance in terms of modeling, analysis and control Maintains the approach, style, and analytical rigor of the two original editions Addresses both power system planning and operational issues in power system control and stability Includes updated information and new chapters on modeling and simulation of round-rotor synchronous machine model, excitation control, renewable energy resources such as wind turbine generators and solar photovoltaics, load modeling, transient voltage instability, modeling and representation of three widely used FACTS devices in the bulk transmission network, and the modeling and representation of appropriate protection functions in transient stability studies Contains a set of challenging problems at the end of each chapter Written for graduate students in electric power and professional power system engineers, Power System Control and Stability offers an invaluable reference to basic principles and incorporates the most recent techniques and methods into projects.
Power System Control Under Cascading Failures: Understanding, Mitigation, and System Restoration (Wiley - IEEE)
by Kai Sun Yunhe Hou Wei Sun Junjian QiOffers a comprehensive introduction to the issues of control of power systems during cascading outages and restoration process Power System Control Under Cascading Failures offers comprehensive coverage of three major topics related to prevention of cascading power outages in a power transmission grid: modelling and analysis, system separation and power system restoration. The book examines modelling and analysis of cascading failures for reliable and efficient simulation and better understanding of important mechanisms, root causes and propagation patterns of failures and power outages. Second, it covers controlled system separation to mitigate cascading failures addressing key questions such as where, when and how to separate. Third, the text explores optimal system restoration from cascading power outages and blackouts by well-designed milestones, optimised procedures and emerging techniques. The authors — noted experts in the field — include state-of-the-art methods that are illustrated in detail as well as practical examples that show how to use them to address realistic problems and improve current practices. This important resource: Contains comprehensive coverage of a focused area of cascading power system outages, addressing modelling and analysis, system separation and power system restoration Offers a description of theoretical models to analyse outages, methods to identify control actions to prevent propagation of outages and restore the system Suggests state-of-the-art methods that are illustrated in detail with hands-on examples that address realistic problems to help improve current practices Includes companion website with samples, codes and examples to support the text Written for postgraduate students, researchers, specialists, planners and operation engineers from industry, Power System Control Under Cascading Failures contains a review of a focused area of cascading power system outages, addresses modelling and analysis, system separation, and power system restoration.
Power System Dynamic Modelling and Analysis in Evolving Networks (CIGRE Green Books)
by Babak Badrzadeh Zia EminThis Green Book is an essential resource for power system engineers seeking comprehensive information on contemporary power system dynamic modelling and analysis. With today's rapid adoption of inverter-based resources and the resulting changes in power system dynamics, this book compares conventional power systems with evolving power systems characterized by high shares of grid-connected and distributed inverter-based resources. It covers dynamic phenomena, analysis methods, simulation tools and enablers required for secure and reliable system planning and operation. Starting with an overview of power system studies and associated analysis tools, the book provides modelling requirements for various power system components, including existing and emerging technologies. It includes practical examples from real-world power systems worldwide that act as step-by-step study guides for practising engineers and provides knowledge to apply in their day-to-day tasks. Additionally, the book emphasizes the importance of power system model acceptance testing and validation, providing practical examples of various testing methods. Written with practising power system engineers in mind, this book minimizes the use of advanced mathematics. However, relevant sources for those interested in learning more about mathematical concepts are provided. Overall, this book is an invaluable resource for power system engineers navigating contemporary power systems. Readers who would like to comment on any of the published books or identify errors to the editorial team please contact: cigregreenbooks@springer.com.
Power System Dynamics
by Jan Machowski Dr Jim Bumby Janusz BialekThis book is the fully revised and updated second edition of Power System Dynamics and Stability published in 1997. The modified title Power System Dynamics: Stability and Control reflects a slight shift in focus from solely describing power system dynamics to the means of dealing with them. The book has been expanded by about a third to include:a new chapter on wind power generation;a new section on wide-area measurement systems (WAMS) and their application for real-time control;an overview of lessons learned from wide-spread blackouts affecting North America and Europe in 2003, 2004 and 2006;enhanced treatment of voltage stability and control, and frequency stability and control;application of Lyapunov direct method to analyse and enhance stability of multi-machine power systems ;expanded coverage of steady-state stability using eigenvalue analysis, including modal analysis of dynamic equivalents.The book continues the successful approach of the first edition by progressing from simplicity to complexity. It places the emphasis first on understanding the underlying physical principles before proceeding to more complex models and algorithms. The reader will appreciate the authors' accessible approach as the book is illustrated by over 400 diagrams and a large number of examples.Power System Dynamics: Stability and Control, Second Edition is an essential resource for graduates of electrical engineering. It is also a clear and comprehensive reference text for undergraduate students, and for practising engineers and researchers who are working in electricity companies or in the development of power system technologies.
Power System Dynamics: Stability and Control
by Jan Machowski Zbigniew Lubosny Janusz W. Bialek James R. BumbyAn authoritative guide to the most up-to-date information on power system dynamics The revised third edition of Power System Dynamics and Stability contains a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of information on the topic. The third edition continues the successful approach of the first and second editions by progressing from simplicity to complexity. It places the emphasis first on understanding the underlying physical principles before proceeding to more complex models and algorithms. The book is illustrated by a large number of diagrams and examples. The third edition of Power System Dynamics and Stability explores the influence of wind farms and virtual power plants, power plants inertia and control strategy on power system stability. The authors—noted experts on the topic—cover a range of new and expanded topics including: Wide-area monitoring and control systems. Improvement of power system stability by optimization of control systems parameters. Impact of renewable energy sources on power system dynamics. The role of power system stability in planning of power system operation and transmission network expansion. Real regulators of synchronous generators and field tests. Selectivity of power system protections at power swings in power system. Criteria for switching operations in transmission networks. Influence of automatic control of a tap changing step-up transformer on the power capability area of the generating unit. Mathematical models of power system components such as HVDC links, wind and photovoltaic power plants. Data of sample (benchmark) test systems. Power System Dynamics: Stability and Control, Third Edition is an essential resource for students of electrical engineering and for practicing engineers and researchers who need the most current information available on the topic.
Power System Dynamics and Control
by Harry G. Kwatny Karen Miu-MillerWhereas power systems have traditionally been designed with a focus on protecting them from routine component failures and atypical user demand, we now also confront the fact that deliberate attack intended to cause maximum disruption is a real possibility. In response to this changing environment, new concepts and tools have emerged that address many of the issues facing power system operation today. This book is aimed at introducing these ideas to practicing power systems engineers, control systems engineers interested in power systems, and graduate students in these areas. The ideas are examined with an emphasis on how they can be applied to improve our understanding of power system behavior and help design better control systems. The book is supplemented by a Mathematica package enabling readers to work out nontrivial examples and problems. Also included is a set of Mathematica tutorial notebooks providing detailed solutions of the worked examples in the text. In addition to Mathematica, simulations are carried out using Simulink with Stateflow.
Power System Dynamics and Stability: With Synchrophasor Measurement and Power System Toolbox
by Joe H. Chow M. A. Pai Peter W. SauerClassic power system dynamics text now with phasor measurement and simulation toolbox This new edition addresses the needs of dynamic modeling and simulation relevant to power system planning, design, and operation, including a systematic derivation of synchronous machine dynamic models together with speed and voltage control subsystems. Reduced-order modeling based on integral manifolds is used as a firm basis for understanding the derivations and limitations of lower-order dynamic models. Following these developments, multi-machine model interconnected through the transmission network is formulated and simulated using numerical simulation methods. Energy function methods are discussed for direct evaluation of stability. Small-signal analysis is used for determining the electromechanical modes and mode-shapes, and for power system stabilizer design. Time-synchronized high-sampling-rate phasor measurement units (PMUs) to monitor power system disturbances have been implemented throughout North America and many other countries. In this second edition, new chapters on synchrophasor measurement and using the Power System Toolbox for dynamic simulation have been added. These new materials will reinforce power system dynamic aspects treated more analytically in the earlier chapters. Key features: Systematic derivation of synchronous machine dynamic models and simplification. Energy function methods with an emphasis on the potential energy boundary surface and the controlling unstable equilibrium point approaches. Phasor computation and synchrophasor data applications. Book companion website for instructors featuring solutions and PowerPoint files. Website for students featuring MATLABTM files. Power System Dynamics and Stability, 2nd Edition, with Synchrophasor Measurement and Power System Toolbox combines theoretical as well as practical information for use as a text for formal instruction or for reference by working engineers.
Power System Economic and Market Operations
by Jin ZhongPower system operation is one of the important issues in the power industry. The book aims to provide readers with the methods and algorithms to save the total cost in electricity generation and transmission. It begins with traditional power systems and builds into the fundamentals of power system operation, economic dispatch (ED), optimal power flow (OPF), and unit commitment (UC). The book covers electricity pricing mechanisms, such as nodal pricing and zonal pricing, based on Security-Constrained ED (SCED) or SCUC. The operation of energy market and ancillary service market are also explored. "It covers a wide range of interesting topics, which could be very useful for understanding the main phenomena ruling power systems economy (such as Optimal Power Flow analysis and unit Commitments). It addresses topics widely treated in the literature, hence it is important to outline its distinctive features compared to other similar books. The book is well structured and well balanced."—Alfredo Vaccaro, University of Sannio, Italy
Power System Flexibility: Modeling, Optimization and Mechanism Design (Power Systems)
by Ming Zhou Zhaoyuan Wu Gengyin LiThis book provides a detailed description of the flexibility of the power system with high share of variable renewable generation, including power system flexibility modeling, flexibility-based economic dispatch, demand side flexibility response, large-scale distributed flexible resources aggregation and market design for enhancing the flexibility of the power system, etc. The book provides an appropriate blend of theoretical background and practical applications of the power system flexibility, which are developed as working algorithms, coded in MATLAB and GAMS environments. This feature strengthens the usefulness of the book for graduate students and practitioners. Students will gain an insightful understanding of the flexibility of the power system with high share of renewables integration, including: (1) the formulation of flexibility modeling and flexibility-based economic dispatch models, (2) the familiarization with efficient solution algorithms for such models, (3) insights into these problems through the detailed analysis of numerous illustrative examples and (4) market design approach for enhancing the flexibility of the power system. Hopefully, this book greatly benefits readers in the fields of energy economics and engineering.
Power System Fundamentals
by Pedro Ponce Arturo Molina Omar Mata Luis Ibarra Brian MacCleerySmart grids are linked with smart homes and smart meters. These smart grids are the new topology for generating, distributing, and consuming energy. If these smart devices are not connected in a smart grid, then they cannot work properly; hence, the conventional power systems are swiftly changing in order to improve the quality of electrical energy. This book covers the fundamentals of power systems—which are the pillars for smart grids —with a focus on defining the smart grid with theoretical and experimental electrical concepts. <P><P> Power System Fundamentals begins by discussing electric circuits, the basic systems in smart grids, and finishes with a complete smart grid concept. The book allows the reader to build a foundation of understanding with basic and advanced exercises that run on simulation before moving to experimental results. It is intended for readers who want to comprehensively cover both the basic and advanced concepts of smart grids.
Power System Grid Operation Using Synchrophasor Technology (Power Electronics and Power Systems)
by Sarma Ndr NuthalapatiThis book brings together successful stories of deployment of synchrophasor technology in managing the power grid. The authors discuss experiences with large scale deployment of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in power systems across the world, enabling readers to take this technology into control center operations and develop good operational procedures to manage the grid better, with wide area visualization tools using PMU data.
Power System Grounding and Transients: An Introduction
by A.P. Sakis Meliopoulis""This authoritative work presents detailed coverage of modern modeling and analysis techniques used in the design of electric power transmission systems -- emphasizing grounding and transients. It provides the theoretical background necessary for understanding problems related to grounding systems, such as safety and protection.
Power System Load Frequency Control: Classical and Adaptive Fuzzy Approaches
by Hassan A. YousefThis title presents a balanced blend between classical and intelligent load frequency control techniques, which is detrminant for continous supply of power loads. The classical control techniques introduced in this book include PID, pole placement, observer-based state feedback, static and dynamic output feedback controllers while the intelligent control techniques explained here are of adaptive fuzzy control types. This book will analyze and design different decentralized LF controllers in order to maintain the frequency deviations of each power area within the limits and keep the tie-line power flow between different power areas at the scheduled levels.