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Pre and Probiotics for Poultry Gut Health (Poultry Science Symposium Series)
by Helen Masey O’Neill Emily Burton Dawn ScholeyPoultry are the most widely used animal protein source in the world: billions of meat birds are produced globally each year, using 360 million tonnes of feed. Within Europe, over 30,000 companies involved in the production of poultry create an annual turnover of €107 billion. However, maintaining the sustainability of the industry as it moves towards antibiotic-free production is one of the key challenges. Starting with an overview of antibiotics as growth promoters and the challenges faced as the industry moves away from their use, this book then thoroughly considers the potential of pre and probiotic additives in poultry gut health. The book: - Includes thorough definitions of additives in the pre and probiotic space and examples of how they work; - Addresses how to test pre and probiotics and other similar additives, and how they interact with other products, with learning from both poultry and allied sectors; - Combines authors from both academic and industry backgrounds on all chapters, to ensure coverage is balanced, robust and commercially relevant. Based on the renowned World Poultry Science Association UK Branch Poultry Science Symposium 2022, this book provides a thorough and valuable contribution to the field for all involved with the nutrition and production of poultry.
Pre-Deployment Stress, Mental Health, and Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Marines
by Carrie M. Farmer Christine Anne Vaughan Jeffrey Garnett Robin M. WeinickAs part of an evaluation of the Marine Corps Operational Stress Control and Readiness (OSCAR) program, this report describes the methods and findings of a large survey of marines who were preparing for a deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan in 2010 or 2011. The results are among the first to shed light on the pre-deployment mental health status of marines, as well as the social resources they draw on when coping with stress and their attitudes about seeking help for stress-related problems.
Pre-Field Screening Protocols for Heat-Tolerant Mutants in Rice
by Abdelbagi M.A. Ghanim Ivan Ingelbrecht Brian P. Forster Ashwani Pareek Sneh L. Singla-Pareek Muhammed Ashraf Paul Mbogo Kusolwa Rajeev N. Bahuguna Priyanka Das Fatma SarsuThis open access book presents simple, robust pre-field screening protocols that allow plant breeders to screen for enhanced tolerance to heat stress in rice. Two critical heat-sensitive stages in the lifecycle of the rice crop are targeted – the seedling and flowering stages – with screening based on simple phenotypic responses. The protocols are based on the use of a hydroponics system and/or pot experiments in a glasshouse in combination with a controlled growth chamber where the heat stress treatment is applied. The protocols are designed to be effective, simple, reproducible and user-friendly. The protocols will enable plant breeders to effectively reduce the number of plants from a few thousands to less than 100 candidate individual mutants or lines in a greenhouse/growth chamber, which can then be used for further testing and validation in the field conditions. The methods can also be used to classify rice genotypes according to their heat tolerance characteristics. Thus, different types of heat stress tolerance mechanisms can be identified, presenting opportunities for pyramiding different (mutant) sources of heat stress tolerance.
Pre-treatment Methods of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production
by Shyamal RoyBioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel is materially obstructed by the compositional and chemical complexity of biomaterials, resulting in a challenge in using these as raw materials for the biofuel production process. This book explains various lignocellulosic biomass pre-treatment methods with emphasis on concepts, practicability, mechanisms of action, and advantages and disadvantages and potential for industrial applications. It also highlights the main challenges and suggests possible ways to make these pre-treatment technologies feasible for the biofuel industry. Features Presents different pre-treatment technologies available for lignocellulosic biomass in a concise manner. Covers use of different pre-treatment methods in laboratory to industrial scales. Includes combined pre-treatment and deep eutectic solvents methods. Discusses problems related to industrial adaptation and corresponding economics of different techniques. Explores significant fuels and chemicals derived from lignocellulosic biomass. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers working on biomass conversion, characterization, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, microbial enzymes, fermentation technology, and industrial biotechnology.
Prebiotics and Probiotics in Disease Regulation and Management
by Rajesh K. Kesharwani Tingirikari Jagan Mohan Rao Raj K. KeservaniPREBIOTICS AND PROBIOTICS IN DISEASE REGULATION AND MANAGEMENT The book covers all the emerging technologies and the challenges related to the synthesis and application of prebiotics and probiotics including the recent developments in the delivery of prebiotics, probiotics for the treatment of various diseases, the immune-boosting activity of the emerging prebiotics and probiotic ingredients, and the anti-cancer and anti-tumor potential The demand for biobased products is increasing enormously, among which are prebiotic oligosaccharides and probiotics, which occupy a major share of the food industry. Even though the majority of agro waste is currently being used for the production of 2G biofuels, agro waste such as citrus peel, sugar beet pulp, copra meal, and wheat husk can be considered for the production of prebiotic oligosaccharides. Prebiotics are dietary fibers that are selectively fermented by the microbes present in the gut and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestine and regulate the growth of harmful bacteria. The book highlights the importance of nutraceuticals (prebiotics, and probiotics) in maintaining gut homeostasis, prevention, and treatment of gut-related disorders, as anti-cancer agents, immune-modulatory agents, and treatment of metabolic disorders. It brings out the current challenges involved in the formulation and development of nutraceuticals, together with the application of nanotechnology and bioinformatics-based approaches to study the effect of nutraceuticals on oral health, and gut microflora in a very precise way. Audience The book will be read by food scientists and biotechnologists, as well as researchers in nutraceuticals and food processing research companies, nutraceutical/supplement product developers, and those in pharmaceutical companies.
Prebiotics and Probiotics Science and Technology
by Dimitris Charalampopoulos Robert A. RastallA comprehensive overview on the advances in the field, this volume presents the science underpinning the probiotic and prebiotic effects, the latest in vivo studies, the technological issues in the development and manufacture of these types of products, and the regulatory issues involved. It will be a useful reference for both scientists and technologists working in academic and governmental institutes, and the industry.
Precalculus: Practice Problems, Methods, and Solutions
by Mehdi Rahmani-AndebiliThis study guide is designed for students taking courses in precalculus. The textbook includes practice problems that will help students to review and sharpen their knowledge of the subject and enhance their performance in the classroom. Offering detailed solutions, multiple methods for solving problems, and clear explanations of concepts, this hands-on guide will improve student’s problem-solving skills and basic understanding of the topics covered in their pre-calculus and calculus courses.Exercises cover a wide selection of basic and advanced questions and problems;Categorizes and orders the problems based on difficulty level, hence suitable for both knowledgeable and under-prepared students;Provides detailed and instructor-recommended solutions and methods, along with clear explanations;Can be used along with core precalculus textbooks.
Precalculus: Practice Problems, Methods, and Solutions
by Mehdi Rahmani-AndebiliThe second edition of this study guide is written and designed for students taking a precalculus course. It includes new and expanded exercises with final answers that will help students to review and sharpen their knowledge of the subject and enhance their performance in the classroom. The author uses methods typically found in instructor-recommended textbooks, offering detailed solutions, multiple methods for solving problems, and clear explanations of concepts. This hands-on guide will improve students’ problem-solving skills and foster a solid understanding of calculus, which will benefit them in all of their calculus-based courses.
Precast Concrete: Materials, Manufacture, Properties and Usage, Second Edition
by Maurice LevittThis general treatise on precast concrete reflects Maurice Levitt's extensive experience in the construction industry and as a researcher and consultant. It gives detailed coverage of the subject from the material's properties through its manufacture and quality control, and on to specialist topics such as accelerated curing and use in hot and cold
Precast Concrete Structures
by Kim S. ElliottThis second edition of Precast Concrete Structures introduces the conceptual design ideas for the prefabrication of concrete structures and presents a number of worked examples that translate designs from BS 8110 to Eurocode EC2, before going into the detail of the design, manufacture, and construction of precast concrete multi-storey buildings. Detailed structural analysis of precast concrete and its use is provided and some details are presented of recent precast skeletal frames of up to forty storeys.The theory is supported by numerous worked examples to Eurocodes and European Product Standards for precast reinforced and prestressed concrete elements, composite construction, joints and connections and frame stability, together with extensive specifications for precast concrete structures. The book is extensively illustrated with over 500 photographs and line drawings.
Precast Concrete Structures (Beton-Kalender Series)
by Alfred Steinle Hubert Bachmann Mathias TillmannBuilding with precast concrete elements is one of the most innovative forms of construction. This book serves as an introduction to this topic, including examples, and thus supplies all the information necessary for conceptual and detailed design.
Precast Prestressed Concrete for Building Structures
by Kim S. Elliott Mark MagillThis guide to precast prestressed concrete (PSC) introduces and applies principles for the design of PSC slabs, thermal slabs, beam and block flooring and main beams, including (where appropriate) cantilevers, and composite and continuous construction.The book provides numerous worked examples for a wide range of PSC elements and covers the innovative use of PSC on several projects in the UK over the past ten years, drawing on the authors' first-hand experience in the design and manufacture of special products. The contents are in line with latest revisions of the Eurocodes and European Product Standards.Precast Prestressed Concrete for Building Structures is ideal for consulting structural engineers, clients, PSC manufacturers, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students, both as a guide and a textbook.
Precast Segmental Box Girders: Experimental and Analytical Approaches (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Fadzli Mohamed Nazri Mohd Azrulfitri Mohd Yusof Moustafa KassemThis book explores the fundamentals of the elastic behaviour of erected precast segmental box girders (SBG) when subjected to static load, as well as the construction process (casting and erection work) involved. It analyzes and compares the experimental results with those obtained using the finite element method and theoretical calculations. A short-term deflection analysis for different loads is obtained by determining the maximum deflection, stress and strain value of single span precast SBG under a variety of transversal slope. The outcome of this work provides a better understanding of the behaviour of precast SBG in terms of structural responses as well as defects, so that maintenance work can then be focused on the critical section at mid span area specifically for the bridge project longitudinally and transversely. The book is of interest to industry professionals involved in conducting static load tests on bridges, and all researchers, designers, and engineers seeking to validate experimental work with numerical and analytical approaches.
Precautionary Labels for Chemical Containers
by N. LangermanThis book focuses on chemical labels-the regulations behind them, the content and format, and how they are used. It looks at labels with relation to worker protection, because the chemical label is the single most important protective item workers will encounter in their day-to-day handling of chemicals. The book addresses chemical labels for non-bulk containers such as totes, drums, bottles, and boxes. The U.S. and Canadian regulations related to chemical containers present a framework for understanding the content of labels. This framework is then used to review protection against Failure-to-Warn litigation. Easily understandable methods are presented for teaching workers to use labels using proven procedures for minimizing the possibility of "putting the wrong stuff in the wrong pot." A complete description of the new American National Standards Institute MSDS format is provided. Reproductions of actual labels illustrate ideas, and detailed information is tabulated for ease of understanding.
Precisely: Working with Precision Systems in a World of Data
by Zachary Tumin Madeleine WantIf you want to win an election, improve the health of a city, or thrill your customers, you’re going to need precision systems—the highly engineered working arrangements of teams, processes, and technologies that put data and AI to work creating the change that leaders want, exactly how they want it. Big Tech firms like Amazon, Google, Apple, and Facebook have mastered their own precision systems, building trillion-dollar businesses using data-driven tools from mass-market “nudges” to industrial-grade recommendation systems.Precisely is the playbook for the rest of us. Zachary Tumin and Madeleine Want show how leaders in every domain are taking real-time precision systems into the marketplace, the political race, and the fight for health—from New York-Presbyterian Hospital to the New York Times, the NFL’s Baltimore Ravens to BNSF Railroad, the Biden-Harris campaign to the NYPD—to reveal elusive patterns, perform a repetitive task, run a play, or tailor a message, one at a time or by the millions.Precisely provides insight that will help leaders choose the system that’s right for them, decide which problem to tackle first, sell the importance of precision to stakeholders, power-up the people and the technology, and accomplish change that delivers precisely what’s needed every time—and do it all responsibly.
Precision agriculture ’13
by John V. StaffordPrecision agriculture is now 'main stream' in agriculture and is playing a key role as the industry comes to terms with the environment, market forces, quality requirements, traceability, vehicle guidance and crop management. Research continues to be necessary and needs to be reported and disseminated to a wide audience. This book contains peer reviewed papers presented at the 9th European Conference on Precision Agriculture, held in Lleida, Spain. The papers reflect the wide range of disciplines that impinge on precision agriculture: technology, crop science, soil science, agronomy, information technology, decision support, remote sensing and others. The broad range of research topics reported will be a valuable resource for researchers, advisors, teachers and professionals in agriculture long after the conference has finished.
Precision Agriculture for Sustainability and Environmental Protection (Earthscan Food and Agriculture)
by Margaret A. Oliver Thomas F. A. Bishop Ben P. MarchantPrecision agriculture (PA) involves the application of technologies and agronomic principles to manage spatial and temporal variation associated with all aspects of agricultural production in order to improve crop performance and environmental quality. The focus of this book is to introduce a non-specialist audience to the the role of PA in food security, environmental protection, and sustainable use of natural resources, as well as its economic benefits. The technologies covered include yield monitors and remote sensing, and the key agronomic principles addressed are the optimal delivery of fertilizers, water and pesticides to crops only when and where these are required. As a result, it is shown that both food production and resource efficiency can be maximized, without waste or damage to the environment, such as can occur from excessive fertilizer or pesticide applications. The authors of necessity describe some technicalities about PA, but the overall aim is to introduce readers who are unfamiliar with PA to this very broad subject and to demonstrate the potential impact of PA on the environment and economy. Chapter 3 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/tandfbis/rt-files/docs/Open+Access+Chapters/9780415504409_oaChapter_3.pdf
Precision Agriculture: Modelling (Progress in Precision Agriculture)
by Davide Cammarano Frits K. van Evert Corné KempenaarThis book describes how models are used to monitor crops and soils in precision agriculture, and how they are used to support farmers’ decisions. The introductory section starts with an overview of precision agriculture from the early days of yield monitoring in the 1980s to the present, with a focus on the role of models. The section continues with descriptions of the different kinds of models and the opportunities for their application in precision agriculture. The section concludes with a chapter on socio-economic drivers and obstacles to the adoption of precision agriculture technologies. The middle section of the book explores the state-of-the-art in modeling for precision agriculture. Individual chapters focus on the major processes in precision agriculture: water use, nitrogen and other amendments, as well as weeds, pests and diseases. The final section contains a series of short chapters that each describe a commercial, model-based service that is currently available to farmers. The book aims to provide useful information to graduate-level professionals that want to broaden their knowledge of precision agriculture; to scientists who want to learn about using academic knowledge in practical farming; and to farmers, farm consultants and extension workers who want to increase their understanding of the science behind some of the commercial software available to the farming community.
Precision Agriculture Technology for Crop Farming
by Qin ZhangThis book provides a review of precision agriculture technology development, followed by a presentation of the state-of-the-art and future requirements of precision agriculture technology. It presents different styles of precision agriculture technologies suitable for large scale mechanized farming; highly automated community-based mechanized production; and fully mechanized farming practices commonly seen in emerging economic regions. The book emphasizes the introduction of core technical features of sensing, data processing and interpretation technologies, crop modeling and production control theory, intelligent machinery and field robots for precision agriculture production.
Precision Assembly in the Digital Age
by Svetan RatchevThis book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 8th IFIP WG 5.5 International Precision Assembly Seminar, IPAS 2018, held in Chamonix, France, in January 2018. The 20 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers address topics such as machine vision and metrology for assembly operations, gripping and handling technologies, numerical methods and planning in assembly, digital technologies and Industry 4.0 applications, precision assembly methods, assembly systems and platforms and human cooperation, and machine learning. They are organized in the following topical sections: design and deployment of assembly systems; human robot cooperation and machine vision; assembly methods and models; digital technologies and industry 4.0 applications; and gripping and handling solutions in assembly.
Precision Crop Protection - the Challenge and Use of Heterogeneity
by Erich-Christian Oerke Gunter Menz Richard A. Sikora Roland GerhardsPrecision farming is an agricultural management system using global navigation satellite systems, geographic information systems, remote sensing, and data management systems for optimizing the use of nutrients, water, seed, pesticides and energy in heterogeneous field situations. This book provides extensive information on the state-of-the-art of research on precision crop protection and recent developments in site-specific application technologies for the management of weeds, arthropod pests, pathogens and nematodes. It gives the reader an up-to-date and in-depth review of both basic and applied research developments. The chapters discuss I) biology and epidemiology of pests, II) new sensor technologies, III) applications of multi-scale sensor systems, IV) sensor detection of pests in growing crops, V) spatial and non-spatial data management, VI) impact of pest heterogeneity and VII) precise mechanical and chemical pest control.
Precision Farming and Protected Cultivation: Concepts and Applications
by Sanjeev Kumar S.N. Saravaiya A.K. PandeyThe book consists of 32 chapters featuring the concepts and applications of precision farmingand protected cultivation broadly covered with theoretical and practical approach. The first 8 chapters areexclusively designed to provide detailed information on concept, need, objectives, benefits, components,applications and limitations of precision farming; laser leveler and its working mechanism, componentsand functioning; mechanized sowing and types of mechanical seeders and their use; approaches formapping of soils and plant attributes; site-specific weed and nutrient management; precision managementof insect-pests and diseases; yield mapping in horticultural crops.An attempt has been made to cover the concept and application of protected cultivation in chaptersfrom 9 to 30 characteristically highlighting the concept of greenhouse technology, its principles as well ashistorical and technological developments, agrivoltaic system, its concept and features, response of plant speciesunder greenhouse conditions, criteria for the selection of crops and varieties for protected cultivation,basic considerations for site selection, orientation and designing of greenhouse structures, climate controlmechanisms for cooling and heating in greenhouses, components, accessories and BIS codes for protectedcultivation, types of Irrigation system for greenhouse production system, growing media for greenhouse cultivation, soil pasteurization namely solarization, steam sterilization, chemical sterilization andaugmentation with biological agents, checking the suitability of soil and water for greenhouse crops, plugtray nursery raising, basics of fertigation in greenhouse production system, packages of practice forgreenhouse cucumber, bell pepper, tomato and melons, potential of pruning as unconventional alternativefor mass multiplication of greenhouse cucumber and tomato, types of soil-less cultures, GAP forprotected cultivation and economic analysis of protected cultivation.Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
Precision Forging Technology and Equipment for Aluminum Alloy (Springer Series in Advanced Manufacturing)
by Lei Deng Juchen Xia Xinyun WangThis book takes the advanced precision forging technology of aluminum alloy parts as the main line, presents the content of precision forging process analysis, process parameter design, mold structure design, numerical simulation of forming process, and process test, combined with a large number of application examples classified according to the structural characteristics of parts. It introduces the theoretical basis of several new technologies and new equipment for precision forging, including the small flash precision forging technology, flow control forming technology, casting and forging combined forming technology, and new CNC precision forging hydraulic presses and servo hydraulic presses, which inspire readers to innovate on new technology and new equipment development.This book provides readers with the latest knowledge of aluminum alloy precision forging, which is of great reference value in the context of the current increasing attention to lightweight and the increasing application of aluminum alloy parts in automotive, aerospace, marine, and other fields. This book can be used as a reference book for engineering and technical personnel engaged in aluminum alloy forging technology and can also be used as a reference book for researchers, undergraduates, and graduate students interested in materials processing.
Precision Forming Technology of Large Superalloy Castings for Aircraft Engines
by Baode Sun Jun Wang Da ShuThis book describes systematically the theory and technology of the precision forming of large, complex and thin-walled superalloy castings for aircraft engines, covering all the important basic aspects of the manufacturing process, including process design, wax pattern, ceramic molds, casting and solidification, heat treatment, repair casting and dimension precision control. The correlation of casting defects, structural characteristics and performance of castings is revealed through a range of tests. It also discusses the latest technologies and advances in this field – such as imaging the solidification process by means of synchrotron radiography, 3D computerized tomography and reconstruction of microporosity defects, analysis and diagnosis of error sources for dimension over-tolerance and adjusted pressure casting technology – which are of particular interest. Providing essential insights, the book offers a valuable guide to the design and manufacture of superalloy casting parts for aircraft engines.
Precision-guided Munitions and Human Suffering in War (Military and Defence Ethics)
by James E. HickeyJames Hickey proceeds from the premise that throughout history, humans have demonstrated a proclivity for using violence against one another as a means to achieve an end, means enabled, in many respects, by the technologies available at the time. Advancing technology has often been a prime enabler of ever-increasing levels of violence and attendant human suffering. At a few junctures in history, however, certain technologies have seemingly provided the armed forces that possess them the ability to fight wars with decreasing levels of violence and suffering. Today, precision-guided munitions (PGMs) with their high degree of discrimination and accuracy again hold such promise. This book seeks to answer the question: Do PGMs mitigate suffering in war, and have these weapons changed the way decisions regarding war and peace have been made? Answering this question helps us understand possible shifts in emphasis in modern warfare, both in terms of methods employed and of the greater concern placed on limiting human suffering during conflict. This book will help students of ethics, just war and military history and senior military and civilian leaders to understand the possible outcomes and wider implications of their strategic choices to use such technology.