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Preventive Biomechanics
by Christophe Then Gerhard SilberHow can we optimize a bedridden patient's mattress? How can we make a passenger seat on a long distance flight or ride more comfortable? What qualities should a runner's shoes have? To objectively address such questions using engineering and scientific methods, adequate virtual human body models for use in computer simulation of loading scenarios are required. The authors have developed a novel method incorporating subject studies, magnetic resonance imaging, 3D-CAD-reconstruction, continuum mechanics, material theory and the finite element method. The focus is laid upon the mechanical in vivo-characterization of human soft tissue, which is indispensable for simulating its mechanical interaction with, for example, medical bedding or automotive and airplane seating systems. Using the examples of arbitrary body support systems, the presented approach provides visual insight into simulated internal mechanical body tissue stress and strain, with the goal of biomechanical optimization of body support systems. This book is intended for engineers, manufacturers and physicians and also provides students with guidance in solving problems related to support system optimization.
Preventive Maintenance
by J. D. Patton Jr.This third edition of a best-selling classic shows how the investment in a preventive maintenance program repays a company in longer equipment life, smoother operation, planning, and scheduling. It includes information on computerized PM systems, enhanced techniques, and insights into preventive maintenance. The latest technology has improved equipment quality, reliability and dependability by fault-tolerance, redundant components, self-adjustments, and replacement of hydraulic and mechanical components by more reliable electronic and optical operations. Many components, however, still wear out, corrode, become punctured, vibrate excessively, become overheated by friction or dirt, or can even be damaged by humans. Fortunately, modern sensors and computers for condition monitoring and detection enable equipment to "call home" to report they need PM before they fail. The preventive maintenance advantage is that you will pay less now to do planned work when production is not pushing versus very expensive emergency repairs that may be required under disruptive conditions causing production to halt and loss of revenue. Good PM saves money over a product's life cycle. The book addresses major types of maintenance; advantages and disadvantages of PM; designing a PM program; economics of PM; nondestructive testing; scheduling; metrics; data issues; and much more.
Preventive Maintenance Technology for Asphalt Pavement (Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic #16)
by Feng Li Jinyan Feng Youxin Li Siqi ZhouThis book provides an overview of asphalt pavement maintenance, highlighting the key asphalt pavement maintenance technologies in China. It analyzes the trend toward preventive maintenance technologies and proposes technical guidelines and implementation rules for preventive maintenance. As such it is a valuable reference resource for technicians in related industries, both in China and abroad, as well as professionals involved in road infrastructure maintenance projects in countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative.
Preventive Methods for Coastal Protection: Towards the Use of Ocean Dynamics for Pollution Control
by Ewald Quak Tarmo SoomereThe aim of the book is to present for non-specialist researchers as well as for experts a comprehensive overview of the background, key ideas, basic methods, implementation details and a selection of solutions offered by a novel technology for the optimisation of the location of dangerous offshore activities in terms of environmental criteria, as developed in the course of the BalticWay project. The book consists of two parts. The first part introduces the basic principles of ocean modeling and depicts the long way from the generic principles to the practical modeling of oil spills and of the propagation of other adverse impacts. The second part focuses on the techniques for solving the inverse problem of the quantification of offshore areas with respect to their potential to serve as a source of environmental danger to vulnerable regions (such as spawning, nursing or also tourist areas). The chapters are written in a tutorial style; they are mostly self-contained and understandable for non-specialist researchers and students. They are carefully peer-reviewed by international experts. The goal was to produce a book that highlights all key steps, methods, models and data sets it is necessary to combine in order to produce a practically usable technology and/or decision support system for a particular sea region. Thus the book is useful not only as a description and a manual of this particular technology but also as a roadmap highlighting the complicated technical issues of ocean modeling for practical purposes. It describes the approaches taken by the authors in an understandable way and thus is useful for educational purposes, such as a course in industrially and environmentally relevant applications of ocean modeling.
Prey (Fountas & Pinnell LLI Blue)
by Michael CrichtonIn the Nevada desert, an experiment has gone horribly wrong. A cloud of nanoparticles--micro-robots--has escaped from the laboratory. This cloud is self-sustaining and self-reproducing. It is intelligent and learns from experience. For all practical purposes, it is alive.It has been programmed as a predator. It is evolving swiftly, becoming more deadly with each passing hour.Every attempt to destroy it has failed.And we are the prey.
PRICAI 2021: 18th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2021, Hanoi, Vietnam, November 8–12, 2021, Proceedings, Part III (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13033)
by Fenrong Liu Guido Governatori Thanaruk Theeramunkong Duc Nghia PhamThis three-volume set, LNAI 13031, LNAI 13032, and LNAI 13033 constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 18th Pacific Rim Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2021, held in Hanoi, Vietnam, in November 2021.The 93 full papers and 28 short papers presented in these volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 382 submissions. PRICAI covers a wide range of topics in the areas of social and economic importance for countries in the Pacific Rim: artificial intelligence, machine learning, natural language processing, knowledge representation and reasoning, planning and scheduling, computer vision, distributed artificial intelligence, search methodologies, etc. Part III includes two thematic blocks: Reinforcement Learning, followed by Vision and Perception.
PRICAI 2021: 18th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2021, Hanoi, Vietnam, November 8–12, 2021, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13031)
by Fenrong Liu Guido Governatori Thanaruk Theeramunkong Duc Nghia PhamThis three-volume set, LNAI 13031, LNAI 13032, and LNAI 13033 constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 18th Pacific Rim Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2021, held in Hanoi, Vietnam, in November 2021.The 93 full papers and 28 short papers presented in these volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 382 submissions. PRICAI covers a wide range of topics in the areas of social and economic importance for countries in the Pacific Rim: artificial intelligence, machine learning, natural language processing, knowledge representation and reasoning, planning and scheduling, computer vision, distributed artificial intelligence, search methodologies, etc. Part I includes the following topical headings: AI Foundations / Decision Theory, Applications of AI, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Evolutionary Computation / Optimisation, Knowledge Representation and Reasoning.
PRICAI 2021: 18th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2021, Hanoi, Vietnam, November 8–12, 2021, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13032)
by Duc Nghia Pham Thanaruk Theeramunkong Guido Governatori Fenrong LiuThis three-volume set, LNAI 13031, LNAI 13032, and LNAI 13033 constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 18th Pacific Rim Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2021, held in Hanoi, Vietnam, in November 2021.The 93 full papers and 28 short papers presented in these volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 382 submissions. PRICAI covers a wide range of topics in the areas of social and economic importance for countries in the Pacific Rim: artificial intelligence, machine learning, natural language processing, knowledge representation and reasoning, planning and scheduling, computer vision, distributed artificial intelligence, search methodologies, etc. Part II includes two thematic blocks: Natural Language Processing, followed by Neural Networks and Deep Learning.
The Price of Climate Change: Sustainable Financial Mechanisms
by Michael CurleyThe Price of Climate Change: Sustainable Financial Mechanisms presents a summary of the effects of global warming with specific emphasis on what these phenomena will cost and the price we must pay for trying to mitigate these processes. Some of these mitigation strategies include reducing our use of carbon by converting to non-carbon energy sources such as solar, wind, and nuclear, or lower-carbon sources such as natural gas. The book examines the financial implications of society adapting to the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and desertification. Further, it addresses the costs to make buildings more resilient to climate change, such as flood considerations, improving durability against severe weather, bolstering insulation, and more. Sources of funding for any type of environmental projects, including those for climate change mitigation, are also examined. These include governmental budgets at the federal, state, and local levels, international development banks, international capital markets, and private funds. Features: Addresses global climate change issues from the standpoints of mitigation, adaptation, and resilience and the funding mechanisms for each. Describes different types of energy sources as well as their respective costs, including nuclear, solar, natural gas, and more. Examines the effects of agriculture on climate change as well as the potential ways it can be used to help mitigate the issue. The book’s straightforward approach will serve as a useful guide and reference for practicing professionals and can also be appreciated by the general public interested in climate change issues and mitigation strategies.
The Price of Oil
by Roberto F. AguileraDrawing on their extensive knowledge of the oil industry, Roberto F. Aguilera and Marian Radetzki provide an in-depth examination of the price of the world's most important commodity. They argue that although oil has experienced an extraordinary price increase over the past few decades, we have now reached a turning point where scarcity, uncertain supply and high prices will be replaced by abundance, undisturbed availability and suppressed price levels. They look at the potential of new global oil revolutions to bring the upward price push to an end and examine the implications of this turnaround for the world economy, as well as for politics, diplomacy, military interventions and the efforts to stabilize climate. This book will appeal to a wide readership of both academics and professionals working in the energy industry, as well as to general readers interested in the ongoing debate about oil prices.
Pricing of Ecosystem Services in Agriculture: A Basis of Crop Insurance
by Pratap Bhattacharyya Priyabrata Santra Debashis Mandal Biswajit MondalThe book deals with the pricing of ecosystem services provided by agriculture. All provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural services are being covered in this title. Chapters in this contributed volume cover topics such as pricing of services from the soil, water, and nutrient management. Quantified monetary values of carbon sequestration and renewable energy applications in agriculture are covered with clear-cut methodologies. This book also links ecosystem service-based pricing with crop insurance. Improving the farmers’ livelihood is the central goal of the agricultural production system throughout the world. Under the climate change context, farms’ produce is now climate-vulnerable and heavily dependent on weather conditions. Moreover, we often neglect the contribution of several positive impacts of agricultural practices on ecosystems and natural resources. Therefore, there is a need to quantify and value these ecosystem services in agriculture. However, valuation and pricing the services in agriculture both tangible and intangible is a challenge. It is necessary to have clear-cut methodologies for pricing ecosystem services of agriculture in terms of net monetary benefits. The ecosystem service-based pricing could be a solid basis for calculating the insurance to farmers in case of occurrence of natural hazard and associated crop damage. This book is of interest to scholars, teachers, researchers, environmental scientists, watershed managers, capacity builders, and policymakers. The book also serves as effective reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture economics, ecology, agronomy, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists, policymakers will also find this to be useful.
Priests and Programmers: Technologies of Power in the Engineered Landscape of Bali
by J. Stephen Lansing William C. ClarkFor the Balinese, the whole of nature is a perpetual resource: through centuries of carefully directed labor, the engineered landscape of the island's rice terraces has taken shape. According to Stephen Lansing, the need for effective cooperation in water management links thousands of farmers together in hierarchies of productive relationships that span entire watersheds. Lansing describes the network of water temples that once managed the flow of irrigation water in the name of the Goddess of the Crater Lake. Using the techniques of ecological simulation modeling as well as cultural and historical analysis, Lansing argues that the symbolic system of Balinese temple rituals is not merely a reflection of utilitarian constraints but also a basic ingredient in the organization of production.
PRIMA 2020: 23rd International Conference, Nagoya, Japan, November 18–20, 2020, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12568)
by Takahiro Uchiya Quan Bai Iván Marsá MaestreThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems, PRIMA 2020, held in Nagoya, Japan, in November 2020. The 19 full papers presented and 13 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 50 submissions.Due to COVID-19, the conference was held online. The conference covers a wide range of ranging from foundations of agent theory and engineering aspects of agent systems, to emerging interdisciplinary areas of agent-based research.
PRIMA 2024: 25th International Conference, Kyoto, Japan, November 18–24, 2024, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #15395)
by Ryuta Arisaka Victor Sanchez-Anguix Sebastian Stein Reyhan Aydoğan Leon van der Torre Takayuki ItoThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems, PRIMA 2024, held in Kyoto, Japan, during November 18–24, 2024. The 23 full papers and 10 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 76 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: coordination and cooperation; market approaches; logics; learning; agent-based modelling and simulation; computational social choice.
Primary and Secondary Manufacturing of Polymer Matrix Composites
by Kishore Debnath Inderdeep SinghThis book offers an insight into the primary and secondary manufacturing of different class of polymer matrix composites (PMCs). The major focus is on the fabrication of a variety of PMCs with substantial coverage of various processing techniques and related advantages and limitations. The book also describes secondary manufacturing processes such as machining and joining of PMCs and provides the know-how related to developing these techniques. It discusses recently commercialized tools and techniques and highlights the opportunities provided by the design and development of newer cutting tools and machining methods. The book covers material selection guidelines, product manufacturability, product development process, and cost-estimating techniques that help readers to understand where a process fits within the overall scheme and which is appropriate for a particular component. This book provides professionals with valuable information related to composites product manufacturing as well as state-of-the-art knowledge in this field.
Primary Care Nutrition: Writing the Nutrition Prescription
by David Heber Zhaoping LiThis book contains the necessary knowledge and tools to incorporate nutrition into primary care practice. As a practical matter, this effort is led by a dedicated primary care physician with the help of motivated registered dietitians, nurses, psychologists, physical therapists, and office staff whether within a known practice or by referral to the community. It is essential that the nutrition prescription provided by the physician be as efficient as possible. While many team members have superior knowledge in the areas of nutrition, exercise, and psychology, the health practitioner remains the focus of patient confidence in a therapy plan. Therefore, the endorsement of the plan rather than the implementation of the plan is the most important task of the physician. <P><P> This book proposes a significant change in attitude of primary health care providers in terms of the power of nutrition in prevention and treatment of common disease. It features detailed and referenced information on the role of nutrition in the most common conditions encountered in primary care practice. In the past, treatment focused primarily on drugs and surgery for the treatment of disease with nutrition as an afterthought. Advanced technologies and drugs are effective for the treatment of acute disease, but many of the most common diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer are not preventable with drugs and surgery. While there is mention of prevention of heart disease, this largely relates to the use of statins with some modest discussion of a healthy diet. Similarly, prevention of type 2 diabetes is the early introduction of metformin or intensive insulin therapy.
Primary Care Nutrition: Writing the Nutrition Prescription
by David Heber Zhaoping LiThis book contains the necessary knowledge and tools to incorporate nutrition into primary care practice. As a practical matter, this effort is led by a dedicated primary care physician with the help of motivated registered dietitians, nurses, psychologists, physical therapists, and office staff whether within a known practice or by referral to the community. It is essential that the nutrition prescription provided by the physician be as efficient as possible. While many team members have superior knowledge in the areas of nutrition, exercise, and psychology, the health practitioner remains the focus of patient confidence in a therapy plan. Therefore, the endorsement of the plan rather than the implementation of the plan is the most important task of the physician. This book proposes a significant change in attitude of primary health care providers in terms of the power of nutrition in prevention and treatment of common disease. It features detailed and referenced information on the role of nutrition in the most common conditions encountered in primary care practice. In the past, treatment focused primarily on drugs and surgery for the treatment of disease with nutrition as an afterthought. Advanced technologies and drugs are effective for the treatment of acute disease, but many of the most common diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer are not preventable with drugs and surgery. While there is mention of prevention of heart disease, this largely relates to the use of statins with some modest discussion of a healthy diet. Similarly, prevention of type 2 diabetes is the early introduction of metformin or intensive insulin therapy.
Primary Computing in Action
by Ben Sedman Yasemin AllsopPresenting practical ideas that support teachers and trainees with the planning, implementation and assessment of the 2014 Primary Computing Curriculum. Demonstrating how freely available apps and web-based applications, programmes for PCs and Macs, can be used creatively to design innovative and engaging activities in the Early Years, Key Stages 1 and 2. Covering all aspects of the 2014 primary curriculum, including computer science, digital literacy and information technology. Includes both plugged and unplugged activities.
Primary Computing in Action
by Ben Sedman Yasemin AllsopPresenting practical ideas that support teachers and trainees with the planning, implementation and assessment of the 2014 Primary Computing Curriculum. Demonstrating how freely available apps and web-based applications, programmes for PCs and Macs, can be used creatively to design innovative and engaging activities in the Early Years, Key Stages 1 and 2. Covering all aspects of the 2014 primary curriculum, including computer science, digital literacy and information technology. Includes both plugged and unplugged activities.
Primary Exergy Cost of Goods and Services
by Matteo Vincenzo RoccoThis book describes the Exergy-based Input Output (ExIO) framework, a comprehensive methodology for assessing the primary fossil fuels requirements for the production of goods and services within a given economy from a lifecycle perspective. In the ExIO approach, exergy is assumed to be the best suited thermodynamic metric for characterizing fossil fuels. The mathematical formulation of ExIO is based on Input-Output analysis, which defines boundaries in time and space for any system or product analyzed, encompassing its entire lifecycle. The Hybrid-ExIO approach has been developed to increase the accuracy of results and to analyze energy systems in detail, leading to the definition of criteria and indicators for identifying and optimizing the primary fossil fuels requirements of system products. Lastly, the Bioeconomic ExIO model has been proposed to account for the side effects that the working hours required for producing goods and services have on the total primary fossil fuels consumption. As such, the book will be of considerable interest to both researchers and engineers in industry, offering them essential guidelines on the utilization of exergy and thermoeconomic analysis. "
Primary Exploration of Hydrogen Metallurgy
by Jianliang Zhang Kejiang Li Zhengjian Liu Tianjun YangThis book is a monograph dedicated to hydrogen metallurgy technology in iron ore reduction in the world (mainly in China), aiming to accelerate the development of hydrogen metallurgy research and promote the low-carbon process in the iron and steel industry. This book mainly introduces the frontier theory and process technology of hydrogen metallurgy, focusing on the behavior and role of hydrogen in reducing iron ore. The specific contents include hydrogen production and storage technology, hydrogen direct reduction of iron oxide technology, hydrogen smelting reduction of iron oxide technology, plasma hydrogen reduction of iron oxide theory, and the behavior of hydrogen in blast furnace iron-making and sintering processes. This book provides a comprehensive and detailed description of the theories and process technologies involved in hydrogen metallurgy at the levels of fundamental theory, feasibility analysis, experimental studies, and industrial applications. This book can be usedas a reference for metallurgical engineering, iron, and steel metallurgy majors, as well as teachers and students, researchers, engineers, and enterprise staff interested in hydrogen and low-carbon metallurgy-related fields.
Primary ICT: Extending Knowledge In Practice (Achieving QTS Extending Knowledge in Practice LM Series)
by John DufftyStill the biggest concern for many on initial teacher training courses is the acquisition of subject knowledge and the ability to translate that into effective teaching. This book addresses this - building on the core subject knowledge covered in the Achieving QTS series and relating it to classroom practice. It supports trainees in extending and deepening their knowledge of ICT and demonstrating how to apply it to planning and implementing lessons. Practical and up-to-date teaching examples are used to clearly contextualize subject knowledge. A clear focus on classroom practice helps trainees to build confidence and develop their own teaching strategies.
Primary ICT Knowledge, Understanding and Practice
by Edward WinklemanThis second edition of a highly successful course book is written specifically to help British trainee primary teachers develop a secure knowledge and understanding of the ways in which ICT supports teaching and learning. It identifies clear links with the new Standards for the award of Qualified Teacher Status, with the National Curriculum, and with the exemplar Scheme of Work for ICT at Key Stages 1 and 2. Each chapter includes links with recent and relevant research as well as directed activities providing a focus for further reading, observation, practice, evaluation and reflection.
Primary Science: A Guide to Teaching Practice
by Alan Peacock Mick DunneWhat is science? What is good science education? How can science be intelligently linked to the wider primary curriculum? Becoming a confident and informed teacher of primary science requires a strong understanding of the key practical, conceptual and pedagogical issues that underpin science education in the primary school. Touching on current curriculum concerns and the wider challenges of developing good practice in science education Primary Science provides an indispensable overview of important areas of teaching every aspiring primary school teacher needs to understand. Written directly for initial teacher education students this textbook supports classroom practice and provides a broad survey of key aspects of primary science teaching including the role of science in the curriculum, communication and literacy in science teaching, science outside the classroom, transitional issues and assessment. This is essential reading for all students studying primary science on primary initial teacher education courses, including undergraduate (BEd, BA with QTS), postgraduate (PGCE, SCITT), and employment-based routes into teaching, and also NQTs. Mick Dunne is Head of Initial Teacher Training at Bradford College Alan Peacock is Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Exeter
Primary Science: Knowledge And Understanding (Achieving QTS Series)
by Mr Graham A Peacock Professor John Sharp Mr Rob Johnsey Debbie Wright Keira SewellNow with online resources to support subject knowledge! Secure subject knowledge and understanding is the foundation of confident, creative and effective teaching. To help your students master this, the 8th edition of this established text now comes with a range of online resources available on the brand new companion website including: a comprehensive science subject knowledge audit reflective self-assessment questions per chapter a science subject knowledge checklist useful weblinks for primary science teaching You can use the science subject knowledge audit to assess your trainees’ progress and ensure they better understand their level of knowledge. Grading students' overall performance, highlighting areas for improvement linked to relevant chapter reading and the ability to share results with their lecturer, makes this the ideal science subject assessment tool. This 8th edition, covering the whole curriculum for primary science, has also been updated to include more on why science matters in primary schools and new content on ‘States of matter’, 'Rocks and soils’ and the 'Theory of Evolution'. New interactive activities are included to engage students in their learning and enable discussion. Using this book in conjunction with the free online resources really makes this the complete package for developing science subject knowledge.