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Rock Breakage by Blasting
by M.I. PetrosyanDiscussing rock breakage by blasting, this text includes: results of complex investigations into the rock breakage mechanism and the patterns of crack formation during a blast; problems of modelling; and principal equations linking the model with prototype and similarity criteria.
Rock Dynamics (ISRM Book Series)
by Omer AydanRock dynamics has become one of the most important topics in the field of rock mechanics and rock engineering. The spectrum of rock dynamics is very wide and it includes the failure of rocks, rock masses and rock engineering structures such as rockbursting, spalling, popping, collapse, toppling, sliding, blasting, non-destructive testing, geophysical explorations, science and engineering of rocks and impacts. The book specifically covers fundamentals of rock dynamics, constitutive models, numerical analysis techniques, dynamic testing procedures, the multi-parameter responses and motions of rocks during fracturing or slippage in laboratory experiments, earthquakes and their strong motion characteristics and their effect on various rock structures such as foundations, underground structures, slopes, dynamic simulation of loading and excavation, blasting and its positive utilization in rock engineering, the phenomenon of rockburst in rock excavations, non-destructive testing of rockbolts and rock anchors and impacts by meteors or projectiles. The main goal of this book is to present a unified and complete treatise on Rock Dynamics and to represent a milestone in advancing the knowledge in this field and in leading to new techniques for experiments, analytical and numerical modelling as well as monitoring of dynamics of rocks and rock engineering structures.
Rock Dynamics: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Rock Dynamics And Applications (RocDyn-4, 17–19 August 2022, Xuzhou, China)
by Jianchun LiRock Dynamics: Progress and Prospect contains 153 scientific and technical papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-4, Xuzhou, China, 17-19 August 2022). The two-volume set has 7 sections. Volume 1 includes the first four sections with 6 keynotes and 5 young scholar plenary session papers, and contributions on analysis and theoretical development, and experimental testing and techniques. Volume 2 contains the remaining three sections with 74 papers on numerical modelling and methods, seismic and earthquake engineering, and rock excavation and engineering. Rock Dynamics: Progress and Prospect will serve as a reference on developments in rock dynamics scientific research and on rock dynamics engineering applications. The previous volumes in this series (RocDyn-1, RocDyn-2, and RocDyn-3) are also available via CRC Press.
Rock Dynamics: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Rock Dynamics And Applications (RocDyn-4, 17–19 August 2022, Xuzhou, China)
by Jianchun LiRock Dynamics: Progress and Prospect contains 153 scientific and technical papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-4, Xuzhou, China, 17-19 August 2022). The two-volume set has 7 sections. Volume 1 includes the first four sections with 6 keynotes and 5 young scholar plenary session papers, and contributions on analysis and theoretical development, and experimental testing and techniques. Volume 2 contains the remaining three sections with 74 papers on numerical modelling and methods, seismic and earthquake engineering, and rock excavation and engineering. Rock Dynamics: Progress and Prospect will serve as a reference on developments in rock dynamics scientific research and on rock dynamics engineering applications. The previous volumes in this series (RocDyn-1, RocDyn-2, and RocDyn-3) are also available via CRC Press.
Rock Engineering Design: Properties and Applications of Sound Level
by Harsha Vardhan Rajesh Kumar BayarPhysico-mechanical rock properties are significant in all operational mining activities. This book evaluates rock properties by using empirical equations and soft computing techniques. It predicts various physico-mechanical properties such as uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Schmidt rebound number (SRN), dry density, P-wave velocity (Vp), tensile strength (TS), Young's modulus (E), and percentage porosity (n) using multiple regression and artificial neural network (MLP and RBF) techniques, taking drill bit speed, penetration rate, drill bit diameter, and equivalent sound level produced during drilling as input parameters.
Rock Engineering in Difficult Ground Conditions - Soft Rocks and Karst
by Ivan VrkljanContaining 129 papers in geological and hydrogeological properties of karst regions, rock properties, testing methods and site characterization, design methods and analyses, monitoring and back analysis, excavation and support, environmental aspects of geotechnical engineering in karst regions and case histories, this volume is of interest to professionals, engineers, and academics involved in rock mechanics and rock engineering.
Rock-Filled Concrete Dam (Hydroscience and Engineering)
by Feng Jin Duruo HuangThis book provides a timely review on recent advancements in rock-filled concrete dam: a new type of dam originated from Tsinghua University in China. It covers historical overview of the development, filling process of high performance self-compacting concrete, mechanical and physical properties of rock-filled concrete, design of rock-filled concrete gravity dams and arch dams, as well as construction and quality control specifications. The book is intended for researchers, practicing engineers and graduate students who are interested in fundamental research and engineering design principles of rock-filled concrete dams. Successful insights gained from more than 120 rock-filled concrete dams completed or under construction in China are presented in this book, which can be useful references for all readers.
Rock Fracture Mechanics and Fracture Criteria
by Yu Zhao Kun Zheng Chaolin WangThis open access book delves into the realms of geotechnical engineering and solid mechanics. In order to establish fracture parameters that are both relevant and conducive to safety, the book extensively investigates the fracture mechanical properties of mode I, mode II, and mode III in brittle rock materials. Various fracture testing methods and fracture mechanics theories are employed for a comprehensive examination. To provide a theoretical interpretation of the fracture test results, the book presents detailed derivations of established fracture criteria. Additionally, new fracture criteria are introduced to enhance fracture prediction models. Targeted at graduate students, scientists, and engineers engaged in the study of rock fracture mechanics, hydraulic fracturing, and material mechanics, this book serves as a valuable resource.
Rock Fractures And Fluid Flow: Contemporary Understanding and Applications
by Committee on Fracture Characterization Fluid FlowScientific understanding of fluid flow in rock fractures--a process underlying contemporary earth science problems from the search for petroleum to the controversy over nuclear waste storage--has grown significantly in the past 20 years. This volume presents a comprehensive report on the state of the field, with an interdisciplinary viewpoint, case studies of fracture sites, illustrations, conclusions, and research recommendations.The book addresses these questions: How can fractures that are significant hydraulic conductors be identified, located, and characterized? How do flow and transport occur in fracture systems? How can changes in fracture systems be predicted and controlled?Among other topics, the committee provides a geomechanical understanding of fracture formation, reviews methods for detecting subsurface fractures, and looks at the use of hydraulic and tracer tests to investigate fluid flow. The volume examines the state of conceptual and mathematical modeling, and it provides a useful framework for understanding the complexity of fracture changes that occur during fluid pumping and other engineering practices.With a practical and multidisciplinary outlook, this volume will be welcomed by geologists, petroleum geologists, geoengineers, geophysicists, hydrologists, researchers, educators and students in these fields, and public officials involved in geological projects.
Rock Fragmentation by Blasting
by B. MohantyThis collection of symposium papers covers a wide range of topics on rock fragmentation, from carefully documented case studies to attempts, for example, at fractal representation of the fracture process itself.
Rock Fragmentation by Blasting: Proceedings of the 9th Int. Symp. on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting - Fragblast 9, Sept. 2009, Granada Spain
by José A. SanchidriánThis volume contains the papers presented at the 9th International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, held in Granada, Spain, 13-17 August 2009. A state-of-the-art collection of articles on developments in rock blasting and explosives engineering, with contributions on rock characterization, explosives and initiation systems, blast design and monitoring, fragmentation assessment, numerical modeling, vibrations from blasting, environmental and economical aspects of rock blasting, and more. Containing unique knowledge, case studies, ideas and insights, this volume is must-have literature for researchers and practitioners in the field of explosives and blasting.
Rock Indentation: Experiments and Analyses
by Chivukula S.N. MurthyThis book focusses on rock indentation and importance of specific drilling/cutting energy as a performance indicator for drilling/rock cutting. It aids in designing of drill bit and cutting pick, through performance evaluation for a given geometry. It further covers stress distribution along three axes in rock during load application, correlation of specific energy with properties of rocks and statistical modeling to generate mathematical equation to estimate the specific energy indentation, including performance prediction by artificial neural network modeling. Presented models can be used to assess the specific energy in rock indentation from the physic-mechanical properties of rocks. Presents synthesis of rock indentation experiments and analyses. Deals with statistical modeling to generate mathematical equations to estimate the specific energy indentation from the rock parameters/properties. Discusses how to find the performance of drill and cutting bits during drilling or cutting operations through indentation test. Covers numerical modeling to explain stress distribution in rock during rock indentation. Includes artificial neural network concepts used in field of rock mechanics. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in mining/geological engineering, mechanical engineering.
Rock Mass Response to Mining Activities: Inferring Large-Scale Rock Mass Failure (Geomechanics Research)
by Tadeusz SzwedzickiMining activities may result in rock mass deterioration and instability that may lead to failure both in underground and open pit mines. Such deterioration represents a safety risk and may result in substantial financial losses. Rock mass response may lead to ground subsidence, fall of ground/caving, inundation, pillar collapse, seismic activities and slope and tailings dam instability. Each response is preceded by warning signs and precursors, which are identified in this book, with a view to providing guidelines for prediction and amelioration of damage to mining structures. Furthermore, case studies of both large scale ground deterioration leading to collapse and geotechnical mine disasters are presented. Identifying risks and monitoring geotechnical precursors and warning signs allows for safe and productive mining.
Rock Mass Stability Around Underground Excavations in a Mine: A Case Study
by Yan Xing Pinnaduwa H.S.W. Kulatilake Louis SandbakStability of underground excavations is of great importance to an operating mine because it ensures the safety of the working people and operating equipment, and successful ore production. Due to the complex geological conditions and mine constructions, and variability and uncertainty in estimating rock mass mechanical properties, the assessment of rock mass stability for an underground mine is extremely challenging and difficult. Tackling of this difficult problem is not covered in detail in any of the textbooks currently available in the rock mechanics literature. This monograph aims to cover this gap in the rock mechanics and rock engineering field. This monograph provides detailed procedures for the stability assessment and support design for an underground mine case study. It covers the background of the mine site including the monitored deformation data, the state-of-art methodologies for the stability analysis of rock masses around underground excavations, performed laboratory tests, estimation of the rock mass properties, a brief theory and background of the 3-D Distinct Element Code (3DEC), and numerical modeling of underground rock mass stability including investigation of the effectiveness of rock supports. The monograph is an excellent reference for the senior undergraduates, graduate students, researchers and practitioners who work in the Underground Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering area in the Mining Engineering, Civil Geotechnical Engineering and DEM (Distinct Element Method) Numerical modeling.
Rock Mechanics: Achievements and Ambitions
by Meifeng CaiThe present work provides an important stimulus for the next generation of rock engineers, because in the future there will be more emphasis on the use of the Earth's resources and their sustainability, and more accountability of engineers' decisions. The increasing energy demand will be met by the continued operation and development of new coal mines, hydroelectric plants and nuclear power stations with one or more underground nuclear waste repositories. In particular, enhanced methods of site investigation, rock characterisation, rock failure understanding, computer modelling, and rock excavation and support are needed. Many of the 200 papers indicate that we can be confident in the continuing development of rock mechanics and r
Rock Mechanics and Engineering: Laboratory and Field Testing
by Xia-Ting FengLaboratory and Field Testing is the second volume of the five-volume set Rock Mechanics and Engineering and contains nineteen chapters from key experts in the following fields:- Triaxial or True-triaxial Tests under Condition of Loading and Unloading;- Joint Tests;- Dynamic and Creep Tests;- Physical Modeling Tests;- Field Testing and URLs. The five-volume set “Comprehensive Rock Engineering”, which was published in 1993, has had an important influence on the development of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Significant and extensive advances and achievements in these fields over the last 20 years now justify the publishing of a comparable, new compilation. Rock Mechanics and Engineering represents a highly prestigious, multi-volume work edited by Professor Xia-Ting Feng, with the editorial advice of Professor John A. Hudson. This new compilation offers an extremely wideranging and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in rock mechanics and rock engineering and is composed of peer-reviewed, dedicated contributions by all the key experts worldwide. Key features of this set are that it provides a systematic, global summary of new developments in rock mechanics and rock engineering practices as well as looking ahead to future developments in the fields. Contributors are worldrenowned experts in the fields of rock mechanics and rock engineering, though younger, talented researchers have also been included. The individual volumes cover an extremely wide array of topics grouped under five overarching themes: Principles (Vol. 1), Laboratory and Field Testing (Vol. 2), Analysis, Modelling and Design (Vol. 3), Excavation, Support and Monitoring (Vol. 4) and Surface and Underground Projects (Vol. 5). This multi-volume work sets a new standard for rock mechanics and engineering compendia and will be the go-to resource for all engineering professionals and academics involved in rock mechanics and engineering for years to come.
Rock Mechanics and Engineering Geology in Volcanic Fields: 5th International Workshop on Rock Mechanics and Engineering Geology in Volcanic Fields (RMEGV V, Fukuoka, Japan, 9–11 September 2021)
by Takehiro OhtaRock Mechanics and Engineering Geology in Volcanic Fields includes keynote lectures and papers from the 5th International Workshop on Rock Mechanics and Engineering Geology in Volcanic Fields (RMEGV2021, Fukuoka, Japan, 9-10 September 2021). This book deals with challenging studies related to solving engineering issues around volcanic fields, including: Volcanic geology, disasters and their mitigation Resources and energy in volcanic fields Mechanical behavior of volcanic rocks and soils Groundwater and environmental problems in volcanic fields Geotechnical engineering in volcanic fields Rock Mechanics and Engineering Geology in Volcanic Fields is of great interest to civil engineers and engineering geologists working in the areas of rock and soil mechanics, geotechnical engineering, geothermal energy, engineering geology, and environmental science.
Rock Mechanics and Engineering Volume 1: Principles
by Xia-Ting FengPrinciples is the first volume of the five-volume set Rock Mechanics and Engineering and contains twenty-four chapters from key experts in the following fields:- Discontinuities;- Anisotropy;- Rock Stress;- Geophysics;- Strength Criteria;- Modeling Rock Deformation and Failure. The five-volume set “Comprehensive Rock Engineering”, which was published in 1993, has had an important influence on the development of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Significant and extensive advances and achievements in these fields over the last 20 years now justify the publishing of a comparable, new compilation. Rock Mechanics and Engineering represents a highly prestigious, multi-volume work edited by Professor Xia-Ting Feng, with the editorial advice of Professor John A. Hudson. This new compilation offers an extremely wideranging and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in rock mechanics and rock engineering and is composed of peer-reviewed, dedicated contributions by all the key experts worldwide. Key features of this set are that it provides a systematic, global summary of new developments in rock mechanics and rock engineering practices as well as looking ahead to future developments in the fields. Contributors are worldrenowned experts in the fields of rock mechanics and rock engineering, though younger, talented researchers have also been included. The individual volumes cover an extremely wide array of topics grouped under five overarching themes: Principles (Vol. 1), Laboratory and Field Testing (Vol. 2), Analysis, Modelling and Design (Vol. 3), Excavation, Support and Monitoring (Vol. 4) and Surface and Underground Projects (Vol. 5). This multi-volume work sets a new standard for rock mechanics and engineering compendia and will be the go-to resource for all engineering professionals and academics involved in rock mechanics and engineering for years to come.
Rock Mechanics and Engineering Volume 3: Analysis, Modeling & Design
by Xia-Ting FengAnalysis, Modeling & Design is the third volume of the five-volume set Rock Mechanics and Engineering and contains twenty-eight chapters from key experts in the following fields:- Numerical Modeling Methods;- Back Analysis;- Risk Analysis;- Design and Stability Analysis: Overviews;- Design and Stability Analysis: Coupling Process Analysis;- Design and Stability Analysis: Blast Analysis and Design;- Rock Slope Stability Analysis and Design;- Analysis and Design of Tunnels, Caverns and Stopes. The five-volume set “Comprehensive Rock Engineering”, which was published in 1993, has had an important influence on the development of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Significant and extensive advances and achievements in these fields over the last 20 years now justify the publishing of a comparable, new compilation. Rock Mechanics and Engineering represents a highly prestigious, multi-volume work edited by Professor Xia-Ting Feng, with the editorial advice of Professor John A. Hudson. This new compilation offers an extremely wideranging and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in rock mechanics and rock engineering and is composed of peer-reviewed, dedicated contributions by all the key experts worldwide. Key features of this set are that it provides a systematic, global summary of new developments in rock mechanics and rock engineering practices as well as looking ahead to future developments in the fields. Contributors are worldrenowned experts in the fields of rock mechanics and rock engineering, though younger, talented researchers have also been included. The individual volumes cover an extremely wide array of topics grouped under five overarching themes: Principles (Vol. 1), Laboratory and Field Testing (Vol. 2), Analysis, Modelling and Design (Vol. 3), Excavation, Support and Monitoring (Vol. 4) and Surface and Underground Projects (Vol. 5). This multi-volume work sets a new standard for rock mechanics and engineering compendia and will be the go-to resource for all engineering professionals and academics involved in rock mechanics and engineering for years to come.
Rock Mechanics and Engineering Volume 4: Excavation, Support and Monitoring
by Xia-Ting FengExcavation, Support and Monitoring is the fourth volume of the five-volume set Rock Mechanics and Engineering and contains twenty-three chapters from key experts in the following fields- Excavation Methods;- Support Technology;- Monitoring Technology;- Integrated Engineering Monitoring and Analysis. The five-volume set “Comprehensive Rock Engineering”, which was published in 1993, has had an important influence on the development of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Significant and extensive advances and achievements in these fields over the last 20 years now justify the publishing of a comparable, new compilation. Rock Mechanics and Engineering represents a highly prestigious, multi-volume work edited by Professor Xia-Ting Feng, with the editorial advice of Professor John A. Hudson. This new compilation offers an extremely wide-ranging and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in rock mechanics and rock engineering and is composed of peer-reviewed, dedicated contributions by all the key experts worldwide. Key features of this set are that it provides a systematic, global summary of new developments in rock mechanics and rock engineering practices as well as looking ahead to future developments in the fields. Contributors are world-renowned experts in the fields of rock mechanics and rock engineering, though younger, talented researchers have also been included. The individual volumes cover an extremely wide array of topics grouped under five overarching themes: Principles (Vol. 1), Laboratory and Field Testing (Vol. 2), Analysis, Modelling and Design (Vol. 3), Excavation, Support and Monitoring (Vol. 4) and Surface and Underground Projects (Vol. 5). This multi-volume work sets a new standard for rock mechanics and engineering compendia and will be the go-to resource for all engineering professionals and academics involved in rock mechanics and engineering for years to come.
Rock Mechanics and Engineering Volume 5: Surface and Underground Projects
by Xia-Ting FengSurface and Underground Projects is the last volume of the five-volume set Rock Mechanics and Engineering and contains twenty-one chapters from key experts in the following fields: - Slopes;- Tunnels and Caverns;- Mining;- Petroleum Engineering;- Thermo-/Hydro-Mechanics in Gas Storage, Loading and Radioactive Waste Disposal. The five-volume set “Comprehensive Rock Engineering”, which was published in 1993, has had an important influence on the development of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Significant and extensive advances and achievements in these fields over the last 20 years now justify the publishing of a comparable, new compilation. Rock Mechanics and Engineering represents a highly prestigious, multi-volume work edited by Professor Xia-Ting Feng, with the editorial advice of Professor John A. Hudson. This new compilation offers an extremely wideranging and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in rock mechanics and rock engineering and is composed of peer-reviewed, dedicated contributions by all the key experts worldwide. Key features of this set are that it provides a systematic, global summary of new developments in rock mechanics and rock engineering practices as well as looking ahead to future developments in the fields. Contributors are worldrenowned experts in the fields of rock mechanics and rock engineering, though younger, talented researchers have also been included. The individual volumes cover an extremely wide array of topics grouped under five overarching themes: Principles (Vol. 1), Laboratory and Field Testing (Vol. 2), Analysis, Modelling and Design (Vol. 3), Excavation, Support and Monitoring (Vol. 4) and Surface and Underground Projects (Vol. 5). This multi-volume work sets a new standard for rock mechanics and engineering compendia and will be the go-to resource for all engineering professionals and academics involved in rock mechanics and engineering for years to come.
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering: Volume 1: Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics
by Ömer AydanThe two-volume set Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering is concerned with the application of the principles of mechanics to physical, chemical and electro-magnetic processes in the upper-most layers of the earth and the design and construction of the rock structures associated with civil engineering and exploitation or extraction of natural resources in mining and petroleum engineering. Volume 1, Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, discusses rock-constituting elements, discontinuities and their behavior under various physical and chemical actions in nature. The governing equations together with constitutive laws and experimental techniques and the solution techniques are explained and some examples of applications are given. A number of chapters are devoted to possible new directions in rock mechanics. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering is intended to be a fundamental resource for younger generations and newcomers and a reference book for experts specialized in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering and associated with the fields of mining, civil and petroleum engineering, engineering geology, and/or specialized in Geophysics and concerned with earthquake science and engineering.
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering: Volume 2: Applications of Rock Mechanics - Rock Engineering
by Ömer AydanThe two-volume set Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering is concerned with the application of the principles of mechanics to physical, chemical and electro-magnetic processes in the upper-most layers of the earth and the design and construction of the rock structures associated with civil engineering and exploitation or extraction of natural resources in mining and petroleum engineering. Volume 2, Applications of Rock Mechanics – Rock Engineering, discusses the applications of rock mechanics to engineering structures in/on rock, rock excavation techniques and in-situ monitoring techniques, giving some specific examples. The dynamic aspects associated with the science of earthquakes and their effect on rock structures, and the characteristics of vibrations induced by machinery, blasting and impacts as well as measuring techniques are described. Furthermore, the degradation and maintenance processes in rock engineering are explained. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering is intended to be a fundamental resource for younger generations and newcomers and a reference book for experts specialized in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering and associated with the fields of mining, civil and petroleum engineering, engineering geology, and/or specialized in Geophysics and concerned with earthquake science and engineering.
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering: From the Past to the Future
by Reşat Ulusay, Ömer Aydan, Hasan Gerçek, Mehmet Ali Hindistan and Ergün TuncayRock Mechanics and Rock Engineering: From the Past to the Future contains the contributions presented at EUROCK2016, the 2016 International Symposium of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM 2016, Ürgüp, Cappadocia Region, Turkey, 29-31 August 2016). The contributions cover almost all aspects of rock mechanics and rock engineering from theories to engineering practices, emphasizing the future direction of rock engineering technologies. The 204 accepted papers and eight keynote papers, are grouped into several main sections:- Fundamental rock mechanics- Rock properties and experimental rock mechanics- Analytical and numerical methods in rock engineering- Stability of slopes in civil and mining engineering- Design methodologies and analysis- Rock dynamics, rock mechanics and rock engineering at historical sites and monuments- Underground excavations in civil and mining engineering- Coupled processes in rock mass for underground storage and waste disposal- Rock mass characterization- Petroleum geomechanics- Carbon dioxide sequestration- Instrumentation-monitoring in rock engineering and back analysis- Risk management, and- the 2016 Rocha Medal Lecture and the 2016 Franklin Lecture Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering: From the Past to the Future will be of interest to researchers and professionals involved in the various branches of rock mechanics and rock engineering. EUROCK 2016, organized by the Turkish National Society for Rock Mechanics, is a continuation of the successful series of ISRM symposia in Europe, which began in 1992 in Chester, UK.
Rock Mechanics as a Multidisciplinary Science: Proceedings of the 32nd U.S. Symposium
by Jean-Claude RoegiersPapers in the proceedings of the 32nd U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics were solicited to address the theme of 'Rock Mechanics as a Multidisciplinary Science'. The major goal was to assemble scientists and practitioners from various fields with interrelated interests in rock mechanics to share their common problems and approaches. The proceedings include three papers related to a special session on 'Lunar Rock Mechanics', as well as 121 technical papers covering areas such as: field observations, in-situ stresses, instrumentation/measurement techniques, fracturing, rock properties, dynamics/seismicity, modelling, laboratory testing, discontinuities/fluid flow, design, wellbore stability, and analysis.