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The Sentinel State: Surveillance and the Survival of Dictatorship in China
by Minxin PeiCountering recent hype around technology, a leading expert argues that the endurance of dictatorship in China owes less to facial recognition AI and GPS tracking than to the human resources of the Leninist surveillance state.For decades China watchers argued that economic liberalization and increasing prosperity would bring democracy to the world’s most populous country. Instead, the Communist Party’s grip on power has only strengthened. Why? The answer, Minxin Pei argues, lies in the effectiveness of the Chinese surveillance state. And the source of that effectiveness is not just advanced technology like facial recognition AI and mobile phone tracking. These are important, but what matters more is China’s vast, labor-intensive infrastructure of domestic spying.Central government data on Chinese surveillance is confidential, so Pei turned to local reports, police gazettes, leaked documents, and interviews with exiled dissidents to provide a detailed look at the evolution, organization, and tactics of the surveillance state. Following the 1989 Tiananmen uprising, the Chinese Communist Party invested immense resources in a coercive apparatus operated by a relatively small number of secret police officers capable of mobilizing millions of citizen informants to spy on those suspected of disloyalty. The CCP’s Leninist bureaucratic structure—whereby officials and party activists penetrate every sector of society and the economy, from universities and village committees to delivery companies, telecommunication firms, and Tibetan monasteries—ensures that Beijing’s eyes and ears are truly everywhere.While today’s system is far more robust than that of years past, it is modeled after mass surveillance implemented under Mao Zedong and Chinese emperors centuries ago. Rigorously empirical and rich in historical insight, The Sentinel State is a singular contribution to our knowledge about coercion in the Chinese state and, more generally, the survival strategies of authoritarian regimes.
Separated and Vortical Flow in Aircraft Wing Aerodynamics: Basic Principles and Unit Problems
by Ernst Heinrich Hirschel Arthur Rizzi Christian Breitsamter Werner StaudacherFluid mechanical aspects of separated and vortical flow in aircraft wing aerodynamics are treated. The focus is on two wing classes: (1) large aspect-ratio wings and (2) small aspect-ratio delta-type wings. Aerodynamic design issues in general are not dealt with. Discrete numerical simulation methods play a progressively larger role in aircraft design and development. Accordingly, in the introduction to the book the different mathematical models are considered, which underlie the aerodynamic computation methods (panel methods, RANS and scale-resolving methods). Special methods are the Euler methods, which as rather inexpensive methods embrace compressibility effects and also permit to describe lifting-wing flow. The concept of the kinematically active and inactive vorticity content of shear layers gives insight into many flow phenomena, but also, with the second break of symmetry---the first one is due to the Kutta condition---an explanation of lifting-wing flow fields. The prerequisite is an extended definition of separation: “flow-off separation” at sharp trailing edges of class (1) wings and at sharp leading edges of class (2) wings. The vorticity-content concept, with a compatibility condition for flow-off separation at sharp edges, permits to understand the properties of the evolving trailing vortex layer and the resulting pair of trailing vortices of class (1) wings. The concept also shows that Euler methods at sharp delta or strake leading edges of class (2) wings can give reliable results. Three main topics are treated: 1) Basic Principles are considered first: boundary-layer flow, vortex theory, the vorticity content of shear layers, Euler solutions for lifting wings, the Kutta condition in reality and the topology of skin-friction and velocity fields. 2) Unit Problems treat isolated flow phenomena of the two wing classes. Capabilities of panel and Euler methods are investigated. One Unit Problem is the flow past the wing of the NASA Common Research Model. Other Unit Problems concern the lee-side vortex system appearing at the Vortex-Flow Experiment 1 and 2 sharp- and blunt-edged delta configurations, at a delta wing with partly round leading edges, and also at the Blunt Delta Wing at hypersonic speed. 3) Selected Flow Problems of the two wing classes. In short sections practical design problems are discussed. The treatment of flow past fuselages, although desirable, was not possible in the frame of this book.
Separation Hydrometallurgy of Rare Earth Elements
by Jack Zhang Baodong Zhao Bryan SchreinerThis book describes in a comprehensive manner the technical aspects of separation of rare earth elements into individual elements for industrial and commercial use. The authors include details on and differentiate among the effective separation of rare earth elements for various parts of the world. They introduce new applications of separation of rare earth elements from concentrates of diverse ore types.
Separation of Molecules, Macromolecules and Particles
by Kamalesh K. SirkarProviding chemical engineering undergraduate and graduate students with a basic understanding of how separation of a mixture of molecules, macromolecules or particles is achieved, this textbook is a comprehensive introduction to the engineering science of separation. • Students learn how to apply their knowledge to determine the separation achieved in a given device or process. • Real-world examples are taken from biotechnology, chemical, food, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and pollution control industries. • Worked examples, elementary separator designs and chapter-end problems, giving students a practical understanding of separation. The textbook systematically develops different separation processes by considering the forces causing the separation, and how this separation is influenced by the patterns of bulk flow in the separation device. Readers will be able to take this knowledge and apply it to their own future studies and research in separation and purification. Online resources include solutions to the exercises and guidance for computer simulations.
Separation Process Essentials
by Alan M. LaneSeparation Process Essentials provides an interactive approach for students to learn the main separation processes (distillation, absorption, stripping, and solvent extraction) using material and energy balances with equilibrium relationships, while referring readers to other more complete works when needed. Membrane separations are included as an example of non-equilibrium processes. This book reviews and builds on material learned in the first chemical engineering courses such as Material and Energy Balances and Thermodynamics as applied to separations. It relies heavily on example problems, including completely worked and explained problems followed by "Try This At Home" guided examples. Most examples have accompanying downloadable Excel spreadsheet simulations. The book also offers a complementary website, http://separationsbook.com, with supplementary material such as links to YouTube tutorials, practice problems, and the Excel simulations. This book is aimed at second and third year undergraduate students in Chemical engineering, as well as professionals in the field of Chemical engineering, and can be used for a one semester course in separation processes and unit operations.
Separation Techniques in Nuclear Waste Management: Separation Techniques In Nuclear Waste Management (1995) (CRC Press Revivals)
by Thomas E Carleson Chien M. Wai Nathan A. ChipmanSeparation Techniques in Nuclear Waste Management is an up-to-date, comprehensive survey of processes for separation of nuclear wastes. Comprised of articles by scientists and engineers at universities and national laboratories in the U.S. and overseas, the book provides excellent reference information for individuals working in nuclear waste management.Specifically, the book covers current separation technologies and techniques for waste liquid, solid, and gas streams that contain radionuclides. Such wastes are typical of those produced as a result of nuclear materials processing and spent fuel reprocessing. Chapters on promising new technologies and state-of-the-art processes currently in use provide valuable information for design engineers, as well as for research scientists. The articles in Separation Techniques in Nuclear Waste Management are brief and concise - designed for quick access to pertinent information. Many of the contributors are leaders in their fields. It is the most current survey available of the latest nuclear waste management techniques.
Septic Systems Handbook
by O. Benjamin KaplanSeptic Systems Handbook, Second Edition covers all aspects of such topics as septic tanks, perk tests, leachlines, and onsite disposal technologies. This handy reference is filled with numerous practical tips for troubleshooting and creative problem solving. The many appendices offer valuable information, including dealing effectively with bureaucr
Septic Tank System Effects on Ground Water Quality
by CanterThis valuable reference delineates the ground water quality concerns associated with the planning and usage of septic tank systems. Septic tank systems represent a significant source of ground water pollution in the United States. Since many existing systems are exceeding their design life by several-fold, the usage of synthetic organic chemicals in the household and for system cleaning is increasing, and larger-scale systems are being designed and used.
Sequence-Controlled Polymers
by Jean-François LutzEdited by a leading authority in the field, the first book on this important and emerging topic provides an overview of the latest trends in sequence-controlled polymers. Following a brief introduction, the book goes on to discuss various synthetic approaches to sequence-controlled and biological polymers, including genetic polymers, peptide polymers and biohybrids, as well as single-chain nanoparticles. Moreover, different polymerization techniques, such as anionic and cationic as well as radical chain growth mechanism, are explained, before concluding with a look at the future for sequence-controlled polymers. With its unique coverage of this interdisciplinary field, the text will prove invaluable to polymer and environmental chemists, as well as biochemists and bioengineers.
Sequence-Specific DNA Binders for the Therapy of Mitochondrial Diseases (Springer Theses)
by Takuya HidakaThis book describes the author’s work on the development of sequence-specific DNA binders for the therapy of mitochondrial diseases. In the first chapter, the author provides a detailed background of pyrrole–imidazole polyamides (PIPs) and mitochondrial disease research followed by chapters presenting the author's own research and discoveries. Firstly, the developed compounds called MITO-PIPs, which recognize specific sequences in mitochondrial DNA, are presented. The following chapter demonstrates how, by introducing a DNA alkylating reagent into a MITO-PIP that recognizes the adjacent sequence to a target mutation, the copy number of mutated mitochondrial DNA was successfully reduced in live cells. Furthermore, because nuclear DNA is another important target for treating mitochondrial diseases, the author demonstrated that tri-arginine vectors can enhance nuclear uptake of PIPs and improve their biological activity in cells.This work will attract readers’ interest because it paves the way for a transgene-free chemical gene therapy for mitochondrial diseases. The book includes a detailed description of experimental procedures, especially compound synthesis. This description helps readers to have a clear image of the author’s studies and to perform similar and extended studies themselves.
Sequencing Technologies in Microbial Food Safety and Quality (Food Analysis & Properties)
by Devarajan Thangadurai, Leo M. L. Nollet, Saher Islam and Jeyabalan SangeethaMolecular landscape for food safety analysis is rapidly revolutionizing because of high resolution and value added resulting analysis of next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches. These modern sequencing technologies drive worldwide advancements in food safety and quality. Sequencing Technologies in Microbial Food Safety and Quality reviews several practices in that NGS contributes to foodborne pathogens functional characterization, management and control. This book focuses on potential uses of sequencing technologies in microbial food safety and quality and highlights present challenges in the food industry. Key Features: Application of whole genome sequencing technologies in disease diagnostics, surveillance, transmission, and outbreak investigation in food sector Impact of sequencing tools in the area of food microbiology Recent advances in genomic DNA sequencing of microbial species from single cells Microbial bioinformatics resources for food microbiology High-throughput insertion tracking by deep sequencing for the analysis of food pathogens This book includes contributions from experts who have manipulated sequencing tools in relation to microbial food safety and quality. Presenting comprehensive details about NGS approaches in food science, this book is an updated and reliable reference for food scientists, nutritionists, food product investigators to study and implement the sequencing technologies for developing quality and safe food. This book would also serve as informative resource for food industry officials, government researchers, food science or food nutrition students who seek comprehensive knowledge about the role of emerging sequencing technologies in revolutionizing the food industry.
Sequential Decision-Making in Musical Intelligence (Studies in Computational Intelligence #857)
by Elad LiebmanOver the past 60 years, artificial intelligence has grown from an academic field of research to a ubiquitous array of tools used in everyday technology. Despite its many recent successes, certain meaningful facets of computational intelligence have yet to be thoroughly explored, such as a wide array of complex mental tasks that humans carry out easily, yet are difficult for computers to mimic. A prime example of a domain in which human intelligence thrives, but machine understanding is still fairly limited, is music. Over recent decades, many researchers have used computational tools to perform tasks like genre identification, music summarization, music database querying, and melodic segmentation. While these are all useful algorithmic solutions, we are still a long way from constructing complete music agents able to mimic (at least partially) the complexity with which humans approach music. One key aspect that hasn't been sufficiently studied is that of sequential decision-making in musical intelligence. Addressing this gap, the book focuses on two aspects of musical intelligence: music recommendation and multi-agent interaction in the context of music. Though motivated primarily by music-related tasks, and focusing largely on people's musical preferences, the work presented in this book also establishes that insights from music-specific case studies can also be applicable in other concrete social domains, such as content recommendation.Showing the generality of insights from musical data in other contexts provides evidence for the utility of music domains as testbeds for the development of general artificial intelligence techniques.Ultimately, this thesis demonstrates the overall value of taking a sequential decision-making approach in settings previously unexplored from this perspective.
Sequential Intelligent Dynamic System Modeling and Control
by Hai-Jun Rong Zhao-Xu YangThe book offers novel research results of sequential intelligent dynamic system modeling and control in a unified framework from theory proposals to real applications. It covers an in-depth study of various learning algorithms for the permanent adaptation of intelligent model parameters as well as of structural parts of the model. The comprehensive researches on sequential fuzzy and neural controller design schemes for some complex real applications are included. This is particularly suited for readers who are interested to learn practical solutions for controlling nonlinear systems that are uncertain and varied at any time. In addition, the organization of the book from addressing fundamental concepts, and presenting novel intelligent models to solving real applications is one of the major features of the book, which makes it a valuable resource for both beginners and researchers wanting to further their understanding and study about realtime online intelligent modeling and control ofnonlinear dynamic systems. The book can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of control engineering, artificial intelligence, computational intelligence, intelligent control, nonlinear system modeling, and control, etc.
Sequential Learning and Decision-Making in Wireless Resource Management
by Rong Zheng Cunqing HuaThis book lays out the theoretical foundation of the so-called multi-armed bandit (MAB) problems and puts it in the context of resource management in wireless networks. Part I of the book presents the formulations, algorithms and performance of three forms of MAB problems, namely, stochastic, Markov and adversarial. Covering all three forms of MAB problems makes this book unique in the field. Part II of the book provides detailed discussions of representative applications of the sequential learning framework in cognitive radio networks, wireless LANs and wireless mesh networks. Both individuals in industry and those in the wireless research community will benefit from this comprehensive and timely treatment of these topics. Advanced-level students studying communications engineering and networks will also find the content valuable and accessible.
Sequential Logic: Analysis and Synthesis
by Joseph CavanaghUntil now, there was no single resource for actual digital system design. Using both basic and advanced concepts, Sequential Logic: Analysis and Synthesis offers a thorough exposition of the analysis and synthesis of both synchronous and asynchronous sequential machines. With 25 years of experience in designing computing equipment, the author stresses the practical design of state machines. He clearly delineates each step of the structured and rigorous design principles that can be applied to practical applications. The book begins by reviewing the analysis of combinatorial logic and Boolean algebra, and goes on to define sequential machines and discuss traditional and alternative methods for synthesizing synchronous sequential machines. The final chapters deal with asynchronous sequential machines and pulse-mode asynchronous sequential machines. Because this volume is technology-independent, these techniques can be used in a variety of fields, such as electrical and computer engineering as well as nanotechnology.By presenting each method in detail, expounding on several corresponding examples, and providing over 500 useful figures, Sequential Logic is an excellent tutorial on analysis and synthesis procedures.
Sequential Logic and Verilog HDL Fundamentals
by Joseph CavanaghSequential Logic and Verilog HDL Fundamentals discusses the analysis and synthesis of synchronous and asynchronous sequential machines. These machines are implemented using Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL), in accordance with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard: 1364-1995. The book concentrates on sequential logic design with a focus on the design of various Verilog HDL projects. Emphasis is placed on structured and rigorous design principles that can be applied to practical applications. Each step of the analysis and synthesis procedures is clearly delineated. Each method that is presented is expounded in sufficient detail with accompanying examples. Many analysis and synthesis examples use mixed-logic symbols incorporating both positive- and negative-input logic gates for NAND (not AND) and NOR (not OR) logic, while other examples utilize only positive-input logic gates. The use of mixed logic parallels the use of these symbols in the industry. The book is intended to be a tutorial, and as such, is comprehensive and self-contained. All designs are carried through to completion—nothing is left unfinished or partially designed. Each chapter contains numerous problems of varying complexity to be designed by the reader using Verilog HDL design techniques. The Verilog HDL designs include the design module, the test bench module that tests the design for correct functionality, the outputs obtained from the test bench, and the waveforms obtained from the test bench. Sequential Logic and Verilog HDL Fundamentals presents Verilog HDL with numerous design examples to help the reader thoroughly understand this popular hardware description language. The book is designed for practicing electrical engineers, computer engineers, and computer scientists; for graduate students in electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science; and for senior-level undergraduate students.
Serial Communication Protocols and Standards
by Dawoud Shenouda Dawoud Peter DawoudData communication standards are comprised of two components: The “protocol” and “Signal/data/port specifications for the devices involved”. The protocol describes the format of the message and the meaning of each part of the message. To connect any device to the bus, an external device must be used as an interface which will put the message in a form which fulfills all the electrical specifications of the port. These specifications are called the “Standard”. The most famous such serial communication standard is the RS-232.In IT technology, Communication can be serial or parallel. Serial communication is used for transmitting data over long distances. It is much cheaper to run the single core cable needed for serial communication over a long distance than the multicore cables that would be needed for parallel communication. It is the same in wireless communication: Serial communication needs one channel while parallel needs multichannel. Serial Communication can also be classified in many other ways, for example synchronous and asynchronous; it can also be classified as simplex, duplex and half duplex.Because of the wide spread of serial communication from home automation to sensor and controller networks, there is a need for a very large number of serial communication standards and protocols. These have been developed over recent decades and range from the simple to the highly complicated. This large number of protocols was necessary to guarantee the optimum performance for the targeted applications. It is important for communication engineers to have enough knowledge to match the right protocol and standard with the right application. The main aim of this book is to provide the reader with that knowledgeThe book also provides the reader with detailed information about:- Serial Communication- Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)- Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART - Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) - eSPI- Universal Serial Bus (USB)- Wi-Fi- WiMax- InsteonThe details of each technology including specification, operation, security related matters, and many other topics are covered.The book allocates three chapters to the main communication standards. These chapters cover everything related to the most famous standard RS-232 and all its variants. Other protocols such as: I2C, CAN, ZigBee, Z-Wave, Bluetooth, and others, are the subject of the authors separate book “Microcontroller and Smart Home Networks”.
Series-Parallel Converter-Based Microgrids: System-Level Control and Stability (Power Systems)
by Yao Sun Xiaochao Hou Jinghang Lu Zhangjie Liu Mei Su Joseph M. GuerreroSeries-Parallel Converter-Based Microgrids: System-Level Control and Stability is the first book to provide a comprehensive and in-depth introduction to the rapid development of series-parallel converter applications in the microgrid system. It provides an advanced and in-depth introduction into all major system modeling, coordinated control, and stability analysis issues, and provides useful methodologies and philosophies for developing new topologies and controls for self-organized decentralized operation of microgrid systems. For each topic, a theoretical introduction and overview are backed by very concrete programming examples that enable the reader to not only understand the topic but to develop microgrid simulation models.
Serious Fun with Flexagons
by L. P. PookA flexagon is a motion structure that has the appearance of a ring of hinged polygons. It can be flexed to display different pairs of faces, usually in cyclic order. Flexagons can be appreciated as toys or puzzles, as a recreational mathematics topic, and as the subject of serious mathematical study. Workable paper models of flexagons are easy to make and entertaining to manipulate. The mathematics of flexagons is complex, and how a flexagon works is not immediately obvious on examination of a paper model. Recent geometric analysis, included in the book, has improved theoretical understanding of flexagons, especially relationships between different types. This profusely illustrated book is arranged in a logical order appropriate for a textbook on the geometry of flexagons. It is written so that it can be enjoyed at both the recreational mathematics level, and at the serious mathematics level. The only prerequisite is some knowledge of elementary geometry, including properties of polygons. A feature of the book is a compendium of over 100 nets for making paper models of some of the more interesting flexagons, chosen to complement the text. These are accurately drawn and reproduced at half full size. Many of the nets have not previously been published. Instructions for assembling and manipulating the flexagons are included.
Serious Games: Joint International Conference, JCSG 2021, Virtual Event, January 12–13, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12945)
by Bobbie Fletcher Minhua Ma Stefan Göbel Jannicke Baalsrud Hauge Tim MarshThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th Joint International Conference on Serious Games, JCSG 2021, as virtual event, in January 2022.The 17 full papers presented together with 3 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 28 submissions. JSCG 2021 is dedicated to serious games and its interdisciplinary characteristics combining game concepts and technologies required in the different application domains.
Serious Games: 4th Joint International Conference, Jcsg 2018, Darmstadt, Germany, November 7-8, 2018. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11243)
by Stefan Göbel Augusto Garcia-Agundez Thomas Tregel Minhua Ma Jannicke Baalsrud Hauge Manuel Oliveira Tim Marsh Polona CasermanThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Serious Games, JCSG 2018, held in Darmstadt, Germany, in November 2018. The 15 full and 12 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: serious games studies; game-based learning and teaching; game development - serious games design, models, tools and emerging technologies; and serious games for health.
Serious Games: Joint International Conference, JCSG 2020, Stoke-on-Trent, UK, November 19–20, 2020, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12434)
by Minhua Ma Bobbie Fletcher Stefan Göbel Jannicke Baalsrud Hauge Tim MarshThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th Joint International Conference on Serious Games, JCSG 2020, held in Stoke-on-Trent, UK, in November 2020. The 19 full papers presented together with 3 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 38 submissions. The papers offer a wide range in the use of serious games in several fields like learning, simulation, training, health, well-being, management, assessment or marketing and much more.
Serious Games: Mechanisms and Effects
by Ritterfeld Ute Cody Michael Peter VordererSerious Games provides a thorough exploration of the claim that playing games can provide learning that is deep, sustained and transferable to the real world. "Serious games" is defined herein as any form of interactive computer-based game software for one or multiple players to be used on any platform and that has been developed to provide more than entertainment to players. With this volume, the editors address the gap in exisiting scholarship on gaming, providing an academic overview on the mechanisms and effects of serious games. Contributors investigate the psychological mechanisms that take place not only during gaming, but also in game selection, persistent play, and gaming impact. The work in this collection focuses on the desirable outcomes of digital game play. The editors distinguish between three possible effects -- learning, development, and change -- covering a broad range of serious games’ potential impact. Contributions from internationally recognized scholars focus on five objectives: Define the area of serious games Elaborate on the underlying theories that explain suggested psychological mechanisms elicited through serious game play, addressing cognitive, affective and social processes Summarize the empirical evidence on the effectiveness of serious games, Introduce innovative research methods as a response to methodological challenges imposed through interactive media Discuss the possibilities and limitations of selected applications for educational purposes. Anchored primarily in social science research, the reader will be introduced to approaches that focus on the gaming process and the users’ experiences. Additional perspectives will be provided in the concluding chapters, written from non-social science approaches by experts in academic game design and representatives of the gaming industry. The editors acknowledge the necessity for a broader interdisciplinary study of the phenomena and work to overcome the methodological divide in games research to look ahead to a more integrated and interdisciplinary study of digital games. This timely and singular volume will appeal to scholars, researchers, and graduate students working in media entertainment and game studies in the areas of education, media, communication, and psychology.
Serious Games Analytics
by Christian Sebastian Loh Yanyan Sheng Dirk IfenthalerThis volume brings together research on how gameplay data in serious games may be turned into valuable analytics or actionable intelligence for performance measurement, assessment, and improvement. Chapter authors use empirical research methodologies, including existing, experimental, and emerging conceptual frameworks, from various fields, such as: computer science software engineering educational data mining statistics information visualization. Serious games is an emerging field where the games are created using sound learning theories and instructional design principles to maximize learning and training success. But how would stakeholders know what play-learners have done in the game environment, and if the actions performance brings about learning? Could they be playing the game for fun, really learning with evidence of performance improvement, or simply gaming the system, i. e. , finding loopholes to fake that they are making progress? This volume endeavors to answer these questions.
Serious Games and Edutainment Applications: Volume Ii
by Lakhmi C. Jain Andreas Oikonomou Minhua MaThe recent re-emergence of serious games as a branch of video games and as a promising frontier of education has introduced the concept of games designed for a serious purpose other than pure entertainment. To date the major applications of serious games include education and training, engineering, medicine and healthcare, military applications, city planning, production, crisis response, to name just a few. If utilised alongside, or combined with conventional training and educational approaches, serious games could provide a more powerful means of knowledge transfer in almost every application domain. Serious Games and Edutainment Applications offers an insightful introduction to the development and applications of games technologies in educational settings. It includes cutting-edge academic research and industry updates that will inform readers of current and future advances in the area. The book is suitable for both researchers and educators who are interested in using games for educational purposes, as well as game professionals requiring a thorough understanding of issues involved in the application of video games technology into educational settings. It is also applicable to programmers, game artists, and management contemplating or involved in the development of serious games for educational or training purposes.