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Theoretical, Computational, and Experimental Solutions to Thermo-Fluid Systems: Select Proceedings of ICITFES 2020 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
by Muthukumar Palanisamy Velraj Ramalingam Murugan SivalingamThis book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Innovations in Thermo-Fluid Engineering and Sciences (ICITFES 2020). It covers topics in theoretical and experimental fluid dynamics, numerical methods in heat transfer and fluid mechanics, different modes of heat transfer, multiphase flow, fluid machinery, fluid power, refrigeration and air conditioning, and cryogenics. The book will be helpful to the researchers, scientists, and professionals working in the field of fluid mechanics and machinery, and thermal engineering.
Theoretical Concepts of X-Ray Nanoscale Analysis: Theory, Experiments and Applications
by Alexander Ulyanenkov Andrei Benediktovich Ilya FeranchukThis book provides a concise survey of modern theoretical concepts of X-ray materials analysis. The principle features of the book are: basics of X-ray scattering, interaction between X-rays and matter and new theoretical concepts of X-ray scattering. The various X-ray techniques are considered in detail: high-resolution X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectivity, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray residual stress analysis. All the theoretical methods presented use the unified physical approach. This makes the book especially useful for readers learning and performing data analysis with different techniques. The theory is applicable to studies of bulk materials of all kinds, including single crystals and polycrystals as well as to surface studies under grazing incidence. The book appeals to researchers and graduate students alike.
Theoretical Fluid Dynamics (Theoretical and Mathematical Physics)
by Achim FeldmeierThis textbook gives an introduction to fluid dynamics based on flows for which analytical solutions exist, like individual vortices, vortex streets, vortex sheets, accretions disks, wakes, jets, cavities, shallow water waves, bores, tides, linear and non-linear free-surface waves, capillary waves, internal gravity waves and shocks. Advanced mathematical techniques ("calculus") are introduced and applied to obtain these solutions, mostly from complex function theory (Schwarz-Christoffel theorem and Wiener-Hopf technique), exterior calculus, singularity theory, asymptotic analysis, the theory of linear and nonlinear integral equations and the theory of characteristics.Many of the derivations, so far contained only in research journals, are made available here to a wider public.
Theoretical Foundations of Digital Imaging Using MATLAB (Chapman & Hall/CRC Mathematical and Computational Imaging Sciences Series)
by Leonid P. YaroslavskyHelping readers master digital imaging, this text presents a unified theoretical basis for understanding and designing methods of imaging and image processing. Designed for newcomers to imaging science and engineering, the book covers the subject in its entirety, from image formation to image perfecting. The author avoids using heavy mathematics and derives all formulas in full detail. To facilitate a deeper understanding of the major results, the book includes a number of exercises supported by MATLAB programs.
Theoretical Foundations of Radar Location and Radio Navigation (Springer Aerospace Technology)
by Denis Alexandrovich Akmaykin Eduard Anatolyevich Bolelov Anatoliy Ivanovich Kozlov Boris Valentinovich Lezhankin Alexander Evgenievich Svistunov Yury Grigorievich ShatrakovThe book represents a study guide reciting theoretical basics of radar location and radio navigation systems of air and sea transport. This is the distinctive feature of this study guide.The study guide states the principal physics of radar location and radio navigation, main measuring methods of proper and relative movement parameters of an object, tactical and technical characteristics of radar location and radio navigation systems, including examining issues on radiofrequency signals detection and its parameters estimation against background and interference of different type, filtering, combined detection and rating of signals, signals resolution and classification. The structural and functioning principles of the current and advanced radar location and radio navigation systems of air and sea transport are represented in the study guide with an adequate completeness. The study guide features the result of years long lecturing on radar location and radio navigation theoretical courses at the Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation and G.I.Nevelskiy Maritime State Technical Academy. The study guide is designated for students of radio-engineering specialties in area of air and sea transport. The study guide can be useful for radio engineers working in the field of air and maritime transport, and for graduate students and academic researchers as well.
Theoretical Foundations of Synchrotron and Storage Ring RF Systems (Particle Acceleration and Detection)
by Harald Klingbeil Ulrich Laier Dieter LensThis is an open access book.This course-tested text is an ideal starting point for engineers and physicists entering the field of particle accelerators. The fundamentals are comprehensively introduced, derivations of essential results are provided and a consistent notation style used throughout the book allows readers to quickly familiarize themselves with the field, providing a solid theoretical basis for further studies.Emphasis is placed on the essential features of the longitudinal motion of charged particle beams, together with the corresponding RF generation and power amplification devices for synchrotron and storage ring systems. In particular, electrical engineering aspects such as closed-loop control of system components are discussed.The book also offers a valuable resource for graduate students in physics, electronics engineering, or mathematics looking for an introductory and self-contained text on accelerator physics.
Theoretical Insights into the Electrochemical Properties of Ionic Liquid Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Leila Maftoon-AzadThis book provides a concise overview of the use of ionic liquids as electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from a theoretical and computational perspective. It focuses on computational studies to understand the behavior of lithium ions in different ionic liquids and to optimize the performance of ionic liquid-based electrolytes. The main features of the book are as follows:• Provides a thorough understanding of the theoretical and computational aspects of using ionic liquids as electrolytes in LIBs, including the evaluation and reproducibility of the theoretical paths.• Covers various computational methods such as density functional theory, molecular dynamics, and quantum mechanics that have been used to study the behavior of lithium ions in different solvents and to optimize the performance of ionic liquid-based electrolytes.• Discusses recent advances such as new computational methods for predicting the properties of ionic liquid-based electrolytes, new strategies for improving the stability and conductivity of these electrolytes, and new approaches for understanding the kinetics and thermodynamics of redox reactions with ionic liquids.• Suggests how theoretical insights can be translated into practical applications for improving performance and safety.This monograph will be of interest to engineers working on LIB optimization.
A Theoretical Introduction to Numerical Analysis
by Victor S. Ryaben'kii Semyon V. TsynkovA Theoretical Introduction to Numerical Analysis presents the general methodology and principles of numerical analysis, illustrating these concepts using numerical methods from real analysis, linear algebra, and differential equations. The book focuses on how to efficiently represent mathematical models for computer-based study. An access
Theoretical Investigations: Philosophical Foundations of Group Cognition (Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Series #18)
by Gerry StahlComputers have transformed how we think, discuss and learn—as individuals, in groups, within cultures and globally. However, social media are problematic, fostering flaming, culture wars and fake news. This volume presents an alternative paradigm for computer support of group thinking, collaborative learning and joint knowledge construction. This requires expanding concepts of cognition to collectivities, like collaborative groups of networked students. Theoretical Investigations explores the conditions for group cognition, supplying a philosophical foundation for new models of pedagogy and methods to analyze group interaction. Twenty-five self-contained investigations document progress in research on computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL)—both in Stahl’s own research and during the first decade of the CSCL journal.The volume begins with two new reflections on the vision and theory that result from this research. Representing both ethnomethodological and social-constructivist research paradigms, the investigations within this volume comprise a selection of seminal and influential articles and critical commentaries that contribute to an understanding of concepts and themes central to the CSCL field. The book elaborates an innovative theory of group cognition and substantiates the pedagogical potential of CSCL. Theoretical Investigations: Philosophical Foundations of Group Cognition is essential as a graduate text for courses in educational theory, instructional design, learning and networked technologies. The investigations will also appeal to researchers and practitioners in those areas.
Theoretical Modeling of Inorganic Nanostructures
by R. A. EvarestovThis book deals with the theoretical and computational simulation of monoperiodic nanostructures for different classes of inorganic substances. These simulations are related to their synthesis and experimental studies. A theoretical formalism is developed to describe 1D nanostructures with symmetric shapes and morphologies. Three types of models are considered for this aim: (i) nanotubes (rolled from 2D nanolayers and described within the formalism of line symmetry groups); (ii) nanoribbons (obtained from 2D nanolayers by their cutting along the chosen direction of translation); (iii) nanowires (obtained from 3D lattice by its sectioning along the crystalline planes parallel to the chosen direction of translation). Quantum chemistry ab-initio methods applied for LCAO calculations on electronic and vibrational properties of 1D nanostructures are thoroughly described. Understanding of theoretical aspects presented here enlarges the possibilities for synthesis of monoperiodic nanostructures with predictable morphology and better interpretation of their properties.
Theoretical Modeling of Inorganic Nanostructures: Symmetry and ab initio Calculations of Nanolayers, Nanotubes and Nanowires (NanoScience and Technology)
by R. A. EvarestovThis book summarizes the state of the art in the theoretical modeling of inorganic nanostructures. Extending the first edition, published in 2015, it presents applications to new nanostructured materials and theoretical explanations of recently discovered optical and thermodynamic properties of known nanomaterials. It discusses the developments in theoretical modeling of nanostructures, describing fundamental approaches such as symmetry analysis and applied calculation methods. The book also examines the theoretical aspects of many thermodynamic and the optical properties of nanostructures. The new edition includes additional descriptions of the theoretical modeling of nanostructures in novel materials such as the V2O5 binary oxide, ZnS, CdS, MoSSe and SnS2.
Theoretical, Modelling and Numerical Simulations Toward Industry 4.0 (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #319)
by Samsul Ariffin Abdul KarimThis book presents theoretical modeling and numerical simulations applied to drive several applications towards Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0). The topics discussed range from theoretical parts to extensive simulations involving many efficient algorithms as well as various statistical techniques. This book is suitable for postgraduate students, researchers as well as other scientists who are working in mathematics, statistics and numerical modeling and simulation.
Theoretical Study of Electron Correlation Driven Superconductivity in Systems with Coexisting Wide and Narrow Bands (Springer Theses)
by Daisuke OguraThis book deals with the study of superconductivity in systems with coexisting wide and narrow bands. It has been previously suggested that superconductivity can be enhanced in systems with coexisting wide and narrow bands when the Fermi level is near the narrow band edge. In this book, the authors study two problems concerning this mechanism in order to: (a) provide a systematic understanding of the role of strong electron correlation effects, and (b) propose a realistic candidate material which meets the ideal criteria for high-Tc superconductivity. Regarding the role of strong correlation effects, the FLEX+DMFT method is adopted. Based on systematic calculations, the pairing mechanism is found to be indeed valid even when the strong correlation effect is considered within the formalism. In the second half of the book, the authors propose a feasible candidate material by introducing the concept of the “hidden ladder” electronic structure, arising from the combination of the bilayer lattice structure and the anisotropic orbitals of the electrons. As such, the book contributes a valuable theoretical guiding principle for seeking unknown high-Tc superconductors.
Theoretical Study on Graphite and Lithium Metal as Anode Materials for Next-Generation Rechargeable Batteries (Springer Theses)
by Gabin YoonThis thesis describes in-depth theoretical efforts to understand the reaction mechanism of graphite and lithium metal as anodes for next-generation rechargeable batteries. The first part deals with Na intercalation chemistry in graphite, whose understanding is crucial for utilizing graphite as an anode for Na-ion batteries. The author demonstrates that Na ion intercalation in graphite is thermodynamically unstable because of the unfavorable Na-graphene interaction. To address this issue, the inclusion of screening moieties, such as solvents, is suggested and proven to enable reversible Na-solvent cointercalation in graphite. Furthermore, the author provides the correlation between the intercalation behavior and the properties of solvents, suggesting a general strategy to tailor the electrochemical intercalation chemistry. The second part addresses the Li dendrite growth issue, which is preventing practical application of Li metal anodes. A continuum mechanics study considering various experimental conditions reveals the origins of irregular growth of Li metal. The findings provide crucial clues for developing effective counter strategies to control the Li metal growth, which will advance the application of high-energy-density Li metal anodes.
Theoretical Thermotics: Transformation Thermotics and Extended Theories for Thermal Metamaterials
by Ji-Ping HuangThis book focuses on theoretical thermotics, the theory of transformation thermotics and its extended theories for the active control of macroscopic thermal phenomena of artificial systems, which is in sharp contrast to classical thermodynamics comprising the four thermodynamic laws for the passive description of macroscopic thermal phenomena of natural systems. The book covers the basic concepts and mathematical methods, which are necessary to understand thermal problems extensively investigated in physics, but also in other disciplines of engineering and materials. The analyses rely on models solved by analytical techniques accompanied with computer simulations and laboratory experiments. This book serves both as a reference work for senior researchers and a study text for zero beginners.
Theoretical Treatment of Electron Emission and Related Phenomena
by Benjamin Seznec Tiberiu Minea Philippe Dessante Philippe Teste Gilles MaynardThis book introduces readers to the physics governing electron emission under high voltages and temperatures, and highlights recent modeling and numerical developments for describing these phenomena. It begins with a brief introduction, presenting several applications that have driven electron emission research in the last few decades. The authors summarize the most relevant theories including the physics of thermo-field electron emission and the main characteristic parameters. Based on these theories, they subsequently describe numerical multi-physics models and discuss the main findings on the effect of space charges, emitter geometry, pulse duration, etc.Beyond the well-known photoelectric effect, the book reviews recent advanced theories on photon-metal interaction. Distinct phenomena occur when picosecond and femtosecond lasers are used to irradiate a surface. Their consequences on metal electron dynamics and heating are presented and discussed, leading to various emission regimes – in and out of equilibrium. In closing, the book reviews the effects of electron emission on high-voltage operation in vacuum, especially breakdown and conditioning, as the most common examples. The book offers a uniquely valuable resource for graduate and PhD students whose work involves electron emission, high-voltage holding, laser irradiation of surfaces, vacuum or discharge breakdown, but also for academic researchers and professionals in the field of accelerators and solid state physics with an interest in this highly topical area.
Theoretische Elektrotechnik: Elektromagnetische Feldtheorie für Ingenieure
by Marco LeoneAm Anfang des Buches wird die allgemeine Maxwell’sche Theorie elektromagnetischer Felder und ihre Unterteilung für die unterschiedlichen Problemstellungen ausführlich dargestellt. Auf die Verbindung zwischen Feldtheorie und der elektrischen Netzwerke wird ausführlich eingegangen. Der methodische Schwerpunkt liegt in der Aufstellung und Lösung grundlegender Randwertprobleme der Elektro- und Magnetostatik, zeitabhängiger Diffusionsfelder in elektrischen Leitern sowie Wellenfelder im Freiraum, entlang von Leitungen und in Hohlräumen. Dabei wird auf die Einheitlichkeit der übergeordneten Lösungsmethodik besonders Wert gelegt, sodass das einmal Erlernte auf andere Problemstellungen übertragen werden kann. Ausführliche Rechenbeispiele und zusätzliche Übungsaufgaben mit Lösungen dienen zur Vertiefung und Klausurvorbereitung. Die dafür benötigten mathematischen Formeln der Vektoralgebra, Koordinatensysteme und der Vektoranalysis sind in einem Anhang zum Nachschlagen zusammengestellt.
Theorie der Balkenbiegung: Einführung und Modellierung der statischen Verformung und Beanspruchung (essentials)
by Andreas ÖchsnerAndreas Öchsner bietet eine Einführung in die unterschiedlichen Theorien der statischen Balkenbiegung sowie deren Annahmen und Limitierungen. Er behandelt insbesondere die Theorien nach Euler-Bernoulli, Timoshenko und Levinson bei kleinen Verformungen und Dehnungen. Dieses Wissen bildet die Grundlage für die Anwendung moderner Berechnungsmethoden, zum Beispiel der Methode der finiten Elemente (FEM). Das Buch bietet eine kompakte und schnelle „Anleitung“ zur Anwendung der unterschiedlichen Balkentheorien. Die Annahmen und Limitierungen werden hier vergleichend in einem Werk dargestellt. Die grundlegenden Beziehungen, die zur beschreibenden Differenzialgleichung führen, sind ausführlich dargestellt und erläutert.
Theorie der Elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit: EMV-Anforderungen, Allgemeines EMV-Modell, Störquellen, Kopplungsmodelle, Maßnahmen und EMV-Nachweis.
by Hans-Jürgen MeckelburgDas Buch vermittelt ein grundlegendes Verständnis für die Prinzipien und Verfahren der Elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit. Es gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über alles, was man über EMV wissen sollte. Aufbauend auf dem „Allgemeinen Verträglichkeits-Modell“, das zum ersten Mal in einem Lehrbuch entwickelt wird, ergibt sich der logische Aufbau des Buches. Die Abstrahlung von Störungen von Stromkreisen, die Ausbreitung von Störungen als geführte Wellen zwischen Leitern und der Erde oder Masse sowie die Schirmwirkung abgeschirmter Leitungen wird zum ersten Mal in einem Lehrbuch feldtheoretisch abgeleitet und bewiesen. EMV-Anforderungen sind in fast allen Ländern der Erde gesetzlich vorgeschrieben. Da in Normen keine Grundlagen erläutert werden, sind viele Anforderungen nicht unmittelbar nachvollziehbar. Das Buch kann dabei helfen, die Anforderungen richtig einzuordnen. Die hierfür erforderlichen mathematischen Methoden, wie zeitharmonische Vorgänge, Signalanalyse, Vektoranalysis und Feldtheorie werden zugeschnitten für die Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit im Anhang dargestellt.
Theories and Analyses of Beams and Axisymmetric Circular Plates
by J N ReddyThis comprehensive textbook compiles cutting-edge research on beams and circular plates, covering theories, analytical solutions, and numerical solutions of interest to students, researchers, and engineers working in industry. Detailing both classical and shear deformation theories, the book provides a complete study of beam and plate theories, their analytical (exact) solutions, variational solutions, and numerical solutions using the finite element method. Beams and plates are some of the most common structural elements used in many engineering structures. The book details both classical and advanced (i.e., shear deformation) theories, scaling in complexity to aid the reader in self-study, or to correspond with a taught course. It covers topics including equations of elasticity, equations of motion of the classical and first-order shear deformation theories, and analytical solutions for bending, buckling, and natural vibration. Additionally, it details static as well as transient response based on exact, the Navier, and variational solution approaches for beams and axisymmetric circular plates, and has dedicated chapters on linear and nonlinear finite element analysis of beams and circular plates. Theories and Analyses of Beams and Axisymmetric Circular Plates will be of interest to aerospace, civil, materials, and mechanical engineers, alongside students and researchers in solid and structural mechanics.
Theories and Methods for Minimizing Cadmium Pollution in Crops: Case Studies on Water Spinach
by Zhongyi Yang Chuntao He Junliang XinThe cadmium (Cd) contamination has raised increasingly global concern on food safety. The book was composed to bring comprehensive and valuable thoughts about the food safety management against heavy metal contamination. In this book, current status of cadmium contamination in agricultural soils and crops is systematically summarized. In order to reduce the risk of Cd pollution in crops, Cd pollution-safe cultivar (Cd-PSC) strategy, i.e. identifying, breeding and applying the cultivars with particularly low Cd accumulation capacity in edible parts even when grown in Cd contaminated soil, is proposed as a most effective, low-cost and environmental-friendly method for minimizing Cd pollution in crops. To describe the framework of the Cd-PSC strategy, a series research results on water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) are summarized as a typical case. The latest findings about the Cd-PSCs of water spinach, including cultivar variation in shoot Cd accumulation, identification and verification of low- and high-Cd accumulating cultivars, stability of Cd accumulation capacity at the cultivar level, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of the cultivar-dependent Cd uptake, transfer and accumulation, breeding methods for improving Cd-PSCs, and so on, have been covered. This book will provide valuable theoretical and practical understandings for controlling Cd pollution in crops grown on agricultural soils with known or unknown risk of Cd contamination.
Theories and Models of Urbanization: Geography, Economics and Computing Sciences (Lecture Notes in Morphogenesis)
by Denise PumainThis book provides a thorough discussion about fundamental questions regarding urban theories and modeling. It is a curated collection of contributions to a workshop held in Paris on October 12th and 13th 2017 at the Institute of Complex Systems by the team of ERC GeoDiverCity. There are several chapters conveying the answers given by single authors to problems of conceptualization and modeling and others in which scholars reply to their conception and question them. Even, the chapters transcribing keynote presentations were rewritten according to contributions from the respective discussions. The result is a complete “state of the art” of what is our knowledge about urban processes and their possible formalization.
Theories and Simulations of Complex Social Systems
by Vahid Dabbaghian Vijay Kumar MagoResearch into social systems is challenging due to their complex nature. Traditional methods of analysis are often difficult to apply effectively as theories evolve over time. This can be due to a lack of appropriate data, or too much uncertainty. It can also be the result of problems which are not yet understood well enough in the general sense so that they can be classified, and an appropriate solution quickly identified. Simulation is one tool that deals well with these challenges, fits in well with the deductive process, and is useful for testing theory. This field is still relatively new, and much of the work is necessarily innovative, although it builds upon a rich and varied foundation. There are a number of existing modelling paradigms being applied to complex social systems research. Additionally, new methods and measures are being devised through the process of conducting research. We expect that readers will enjoy the collection of high quality research works from new and accomplished researchers.
Theories, Methods and Numerical Technology of Sheet Metal Cold and Hot Forming
by Yi-Guo Zhu Li-Zhong Liu Ning Ma Ping HuOver the last 15 years, the application of innovative steel concepts in the automotive industry has increased steadily. Numerical simulation technology of hot forming of high-strength steel allows engineers to modify the formability of hot forming steel metals and to optimize die design schemes. Theories, Methods and Numerical Technology of Sheet Metal Cold and Hot Forming focuses on hot and cold forming theories, numerical methods, relative simulation and experiment techniques for high-strength steel forming and die design in the automobile industry. Theories, Methods and Numerical Technology of Sheet Metal Cold and Hot Forming introduces the general theories of cold forming, then expands upon advanced hot forming theories and simulation methods, including: the forming process, constitutive equations, hot boundary constraint treatment, and hot forming equipment and experiments. Various calculation methods of cold and hot forming, based on the authors' experience in commercial CAE software for sheet metal forming, are provided, as well as a discussion of key issues, such as hot formability with quenching process, die design and cooling channel design in die, and formability experiments. Theories, Methods and Numerical Technology of Sheet Metal Cold and Hot Forming will enable readers to develop an advanced knowledge of hot forming, as well as to apply hot forming theories, calculation methods and key techniques to direct their die design. It is therefore a useful reference for students and researchers, as well as automotive engineers.
Theories of the Mobile Internet: Materialities and Imaginaries (Routledge Studies in New Media and Cyberculture)
by Andrew Herman Jan Hadlaw Thom SwissThis volume proposes the mobile Internet is best understood as a socio-technical "assemblage" of objects, practices, symbolic representations, experiences and affects. Authors from a variety of disciplines discuss practices mediated through mobile communication, including current phone and tablet devices. The converging concepts of Materialities (ranging from the political economy of communication to physical devices) and Imaginaries (including cultural values, desires and perceptions) are touchstones for each of the chapters in the book.