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Thermal Processes in Welding (Engineering Materials)
by Victor A. KarkhinThis book describes and systemizes analytical and numerical solutions for a broad range of instantaneous and continuous, stationary and moving, concentrated and distributed, 1D, 2D and 3D heat sources in semi-infinite bodies, thick plane layers, thin plates and cylinders under various boundary conditions. The analytical solutions were mainly obtained by the superimposing principle for various parts of the proposed 1D, 2D and 3D heat sources and based on the assumption that only heat conduction plays a major role in the thermal analysis of welds. Other complex effects of heat transfer in weld phenomena are incorporated in the solutions by means of various geometrical and energetic parameters of the heat source. The book is divided into 13 chapters. Chapter 1 briefly reviews various welding processes and the energy characteristics of welding heat sources, while Chapter 2 covers the main thermophysical properties of the most commonly used alloys. Chapter 3 describes the physical fundamentals of heat conduction during welding, and Chapter 4 introduces several useful methods for solving the problem of heat conduction in welding. Chapters 5 and 6 focus on the derivation of analytical solutions for many types of heat sources in semi-infinite bodies, thick plane layers, thin plates and cylinders under various boundary conditions. The heat sources can be instantaneous or continuous, stationary or moving, concentrated or distributed (1D, 2D or 3D). In Chapter 7 the temperature field under programmed heat input (pulsed power sources and weaving sources) is analyzed. In turn, Chapters 8 and 9 cover the thermal cycle, melting and solidification of the base metal. Heating and melting of filler metal are considered in Chapter 10. Chapter 11 addresses the formulation and solution of inverse heat conduction problems using zero-, first- and second-order algorithms, while Chapter 12 focuses on applying the solutions developed here to the optimization of welding conditions. In addition, case studies confirm the usefulness and feasibility of the respective solutions. Lastly, Chapter 13 demonstrates the prediction of local microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joint metals, while taking into account their thermal cycle. The book is intended for all researches, welding engineers, mechanical design engineers, research engineers and postgraduate students who deal with problems such as microstructure modeling of welds, analysis of the mechanical properties of welded metals, weldability, residual stresses and distortions, optimization of welding and allied processes (prewelding heating, cladding, thermal cutting, additive technologies, etc.). It also offers a useful reference guide for software engineers who are interested in writing application software for simulating welding processes, microstructure modeling, residual stress analysis of welds, and for robotic-welding control systems.
Thermal Processing of Foods
by K. P. SandeepThe food industry has utilized automated control systems for over a quarter of a century. However, the past decade has seen an increase in the use of more sophisticated software-driven, on-line control systems, especially in thermal processing unit operations. As these software-driven control systems have become more complex, the need to validate their operation has become more important. In addition to validating new control systems, some food companies have undertaken the more difficult task of validating legacy control systems that have been operating for a number of years on retorts or aseptic systems.Thermal Processing: Control and Automation presents an overview of various facets of thermal processing and packaging from industry, academic, and government representatives. The book contains information that will be valuable not only to a person interested in understanding the fundamental aspects of thermal processing (eg graduate students), but also to those involved in designing the processes (eg process specialists based in food manufacturing) and those who are involved in process filing with USDA or FDA. The book focuses on technical aspects, both from a thermal processing standpoint and from an automation and process control standpoint. Coverage includes established technologies such as retorting as well as emerging technologies such as continuous flow microwave processing. The book addresses both the theoretical and applied aspects of thermal processing, concluding with speculations on future trends and directions.
Thermal Processing of Hydrocarbons: Petroleum To Petrochemicals
by Dwijen K. BanerjeeThis book is a must-read for the latest generation of scientists, engineers, and researchers in the petroleum industry. The product of over four decades of research, experience, and study by Dr. Dwijen Banerjee, who carefully preserves the history of the thermal processing of hydrocarbons, giving credit to the pioneering scientists and discoverers of the process. In this first-of-its-kind book, the author summarizes and systematically leads readers through all aspects of the thermal cracking processes from the research laboratory to the commercial applications of the petrochemical industry. Fossil fuels consist of a continuous series of hydrocarbons mainly divided into natural gas (C1-C4), conventional crude oil (C5-C40), heavy oil/bitumen (>C40). This book discusses thermal processing of hydrocarbons — with a special emphasis on lighter hydrocarbons — whose main source is shale gas and tight oil that’s recently been made abundant through fracking technology. This book details many technical parameters involved in choosing a process when considering the type of feedstocks; operating conditions; selectivity of the desired product; the market to be targeted; and the environmental regulations to be met while also considering the economic parameters such as the investment and profit margin that govern the final choice. Features and Benefits An introduction to the basic chemistry behind thermal processing, classifications, molecular structures, kinetics and thermodynamics, free radical reaction mechanisms, and product distributions. A focus on shale gas and tight oil production, properties, and processing as important sources of petrochemicals. Emphasis on the ‘petroleum to petrochemicals’ which has recently transformed the petroleum industry across the globe. An illustration of conversion technologies — how the paraffinic hydrocarbons are converted into various petrochemicals and eventually lead to the finished products. Insight into the future of hydrocarbons based on environmental issues. Audience Scientists Engineers Researchers Students
Thermal Processing of Packaged Foods
by Ricardo Simpson S. Donald HoldsworthThis new edition discusses the physical and engineering aspects of the thermal processing of packaged foods and examines the methods which have been used to establish the time and temperature of processes suitable to achieve adequate sterilization or pasteurization of the packaged food. The third edition is totally renewed and updated, including new concepts and areas that are relevant for thermal food processing: This edition is formed by 22 chapters--arranged in five parts--that maintain great parts of the first and second editions The First part includes five chapters analyzing different topics associated to heat transfer mechanism during canning process, kinetic of microbial death, sterilization criteria and safety aspect of thermal processing. The second part, entitled Thermal Food Process Evaluation Techniques, includes six chapters and discusses the main process evaluation techniques. The third part includes six chapters treating subjects related with pressure in containers, simultaneous sterilization and thermal food processing equipment. The fourth part includes four chapters including computational fluid dynamics and multi-objective optimization. The fifth part, entitled Innovative Thermal Food Processing, includes a chapter focused on two innovative processes used for food sterilization such high pressure with thermal sterilization and ohmic heating. Thermal Processing of Pa ckaged Foods, Third Edition is intended for a broad audience, from undergraduate to post graduate students, scientists, engineers and professionals working for the food industry.
Thermal Properties Measurement of Materials
by Yves Jannot Alain DegiovanniThis book presents the main methods used for thermal properties measurement. It aims to be accessible to all those, specialists in heat transfer or not, who need to measure the thermal properties of a material. The objective is to allow them to choose the measurement method the best adapted to the material to be characterized, and to pass on them all the theoretical and practical information allowing implementation with the maximum of precision.
Thermal Properties Measurement of Materials (ISTE Invoiced)
by Yves Jannot Alain DegiovanniThe control of energy in the industrial sector and the reduction of consumption in the building sector will be key elements in the energy transition. In order to achieve these objectives it is necessary to use materials with energy performance adapted to their use as well as insulators or super-insulators. In both cases, a thorough knowledge of their thermal properties will be required for optimal success. This revised and updated 2nd edition of Thermal Properties Measurement of Materials enables the reader to choose the measurement method best suited to the material they are characterizing and provides all of the information required in order to implement it with maximum precision. This work is intended to be accessible to anyone who needs to measure the thermal properties of a material, whether or not they are a thermal engineer.
Thermal Properties of Bio-based Polymers (Advances in Polymer Science #283)
by Maria Laura Di Lorenzo René AndroschThe series Advances in Polymer Science presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science. It covers all areas of research in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics, material science.The thematic volumes are addressed to scientists, whether at universities or in industry, who wish to keep abreast of the important advances in the covered topics.Advances in Polymer Science enjoys a longstanding tradition and good reputation in its community. Each volume is dedicated to a current topic, and each review critically surveys one aspect of that topic, to place it within the context of the volume. The volumes typically summarize the significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years and discuss them critically, presenting selected examples, explaining and illustrating the important principles, and bringing together many important references of primary literature. On that basis, future research directions in the area can be discussed. Advances in Polymer Science volumes thus are important references for every polymer scientist, as well as for other scientists interested in polymer science - as an introduction to a neighboring field, or as a compilation of detailed information for the specialist.Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Single contributions can be specially commissioned.Readership: Polymer scientists, or scientists in related fields interested in polymer and biopolymer science, at universities or in industry, graduate students.
Thermal Properties of Food and Agricultural Materials
by Nuri N. MohseninThis book discusses the methods for determination of data on thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, unit surface conductance or the heat transfer coefficient of foods and agricultural materials. It includes the applications of thermal properties in relation to cooling and thermal expansion.
Thermal Properties of Nanofluids
by Taher Armaghani Ramin GhasemiaslThermal Properties of Nanofluids presents emerging prospects for understanding and controlling thermophysical properties at the nanoscale. It covers a comprehensive study of recent progress concerning these properties from the solid state to colloids and, above all, a different look at the effect of temperature on nanofluids’ thermal conducting.Introducing various techniques for measuring solid-state properties, including thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat capacity, this book presents modeling approaches developed for predicting these properties by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. It discusses the main factors that affect solid-state properties, such as grain size, grain boundaries, surface interactions, doping, and temperature, and the effects of all these factors.This book will interest industry professionals and academic researchers studying the thermophysical behavior of nanomaterials and heat transfer applications of nanofluids. It will serve graduate engineering students studying advanced fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and nanomaterials.
Thermal Properties of Solids at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures
by Guglielmo Ventura Mauro PerfettiThe minimum temperature in the natural universe is 2. 7 K. Laboratory refrigerators can reach temperatures in the microkelvin range. Modern industrial refrigerators cool foods at 200 K, whereas space mission payloads must be capable of working at temperatures as low as 20 K. Superconducting magnets used for NMR work at 4. 2 K. Hence the properties of materials must be accurately known also at cryogenic temperatures. This book provides a guide for engineers, physicists, chemists, technicians who wish to approach the field of low-temperature material properties. The focus is on the thermal properties and a large spectrum of experimental cases is reported. The book presents updated tables of low-temperature data on materials and a thorough bibliography supplements any further research. Key Features include: ° Detailed technical description of experiments ° Description of the newest cryogenic apparatus ° Offers data on cryogenic properties of the latest new materials ° Current reference review
Thermal Protection Modeling of Hypersonic Flying Apparatus (Innovation And Discovery In Russian Science And Engineering Ser.)
by A. S. YakimovThis book is devoted to studies of unsteady heat and mass exchange processes taking into account thermochemical destruction of thermal protective materials, research of transpiration cooling systems, thermal protection of composite materials exposed to low-energy disturbances, as well as the numerical solution of heat and mass transfer of the exchange. It proposes several mathematical models of passive and active thermal protection systems with regard to factors such as surface ablation, surface roughness, phase transition of a liquid in porous materials, rotation of the body around its longitudinal axis, and exposure to low-energy disturbances. The author studies the possibilities to control thermochemical destruction and heat mass exchange processes in transpiration cooling systems exposed to low-energy disturbances. The numerical analysis of the heat and mass exchange process in carbon plastics under repeated impulse action is also presented. The numerical solutions of problems are compared with the known experimental data. The book is intended for specialists in the field of thermal protection and heat mass exchange, as well as graduate and undergraduates in physics and mathematics.
Thermal Radiation: An Introduction
by John R. Howell M. Pinar Mengüc Kyle J. DaunThermal Radiation: An Introduction is a complete textbook for a one-semester introductory graduate course on radiative energy transfer. It bridges the gap between a basic introduction and comprehensive coverage of thermal radiation, focusing on insight into radiative transfer as practiced by engineers. Covering radiative transfer among surfaces, with an introduction to the effects of participating media between surfaces, the book includes surface and medium property characteristics and solutions to the radiative transfer equation in simple geometries. • Tailored and organized specifically to suit a one-semester graduate course in radiative heat transfer. • Emphasis is placed on insight into radiative transfer as practiced by engineers. • Discusses how radiation is incorporated into finite element analysis (FEA) codes. The textbook is intended for instructors and graduate students in a first-year course on radiative heat transfer or advanced heat transfer. Supplementary resources for students and instructors are available online.
Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer
by John R. Howell M. Pinar Mengüc Kyle Daun Robert SiegelThe seventh edition of this classic text outlines the fundamental physical principles of thermal radiation, as well as analytical and numerical techniques for quantifying radiative transfer between surfaces and within participating media. The textbook includes newly expanded sections on surface properties, electromagnetic theory, scattering and absorption of particles, and near-field radiative transfer, and emphasizes the broader connections to thermodynamic principles. Sections on inverse analysis and Monte Carlo methods have been enhanced and updated to reflect current research developments, along with new material on manufacturing, renewable energy, climate change, building energy efficiency, and biomedical applications. Features: Offers full treatment of radiative transfer and radiation exchange in enclosures. Covers properties of surfaces and gaseous media, and radiative transfer equation development and solutions. Includes expanded coverage of inverse methods, electromagnetic theory, Monte Carlo methods, and scattering and absorption by particles. Features expanded coverage of near-field radiative transfer theory and applications. Discusses electromagnetic wave theory and how it is applied to thermal radiation transfer. This textbook is ideal for Professors and students involved in first-year or advanced graduate courses/modules in Radiative Heat Transfer in engineering programs. In addition, professional engineers, scientists and researchers working in heat transfer, energy engineering, aerospace and nuclear technology will find this an invaluable professional resource. Over 350 surface configuration factors are available online, many with online calculation capability. Online appendices provide information on related areas such as combustion, radiation in porous media, numerical methods, and biographies of important figures in the history of the field. A Solutions Manual is available for instructors adopting the text.
Thermal Radiative Properties of Uniaxial Anisotropic Materials and Their Manipulations (Springer Theses)
by Xiaohu WuThis book presents mainly studies on the calculation methods of thermal radiative properties of uniaxial anisotropic materials, unidirectional transmission, ultrabroadband perfect absorption, and near-field radiative heat transfer with uniaxial anisotropic materials. The results obtained in this book can not only deepen our understanding of the thermal radiative properties of anisotropic materials, but also have important theoretical guiding significance in energy conversion, energy-saving technology, and design of novel devices.
Thermal Reliability of Power Semiconductor Device in the Renewable Energy System (CPSS Power Electronics Series)
by Xiong Du Jun Zhang Gaoxian Li Yaoyi Yu Cheng Qian Rui DuThis book focuses on the thermal reliability of power semiconductor device by looking at the failure mechanism, thermal parameters monitoring, junction temperature estimation, lifetime evaluation, and thermal management. Theoretical analysis and experimental tests are presented to explain existing reliability improvement techniques. This book is a valuable reference for the students and researchers who pay attention to the thermal reliability design of power semiconductor device.
Thermal Remote Sensing in Land Surface Processing
by Dale A. Quattrochi; Jeffrey C. LuvallAlthough remote sensing is recognized as a powerful tool, less attention has been given in the past to the use of thermal, and especially thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing. TIR data is useful for understanding the fluxes and redistribution of materials as a key aspect of land surface processes and land-atmosphere inter-relationships. This book
Thermal Safety Margins in Nuclear Reactors
by Henryk AnglartThis book presents an overview of state-of-the art approaches to determine thermal safety margins in nuclear reactors. It presents both the deterministic and probabilistic aspects of thermal safety margins of nuclear reactors to facilitate the understanding of these two difficult topics at various academic levels, from undergraduates to researchers in nuclear engineering.It first sets out the theoretical background before exploring how to determine thermal safety margins in nuclear reactors, through examples, problems and advanced state-of-the-art approaches. This will help undergraduate students better understand the most fundamental aspects of nuclear reactor safety. For researchers and practitioners, this book provides a comprehensive overview of most recent achievements in the field, offering an excellent starting point to develop new methods for the assessment of the thermal safety margins.This book is written to bridge the gap between deterministic and appropriate treatment of uncertainties to assess safety margins in nuclear reactors, presenting these approaches as complementary to each other. Even though these two approaches are frequently used in parallel in real-world applications, there has been a lack of a consistent teaching approach in this area.This book is suitable for readers with a background in calculus, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. It is assumed that readers have previous exposure to such concepts as laws of thermodynamics, enthalpy, entropy, and conservation equations used in fluid mechanics and heat transfer.Key Features: Covers the theory, principles, and assessment methods of thermal safety margins in nuclear reactors whilst presenting the state-of-the-art technology in the field Combines the deterministic thermal safety considerations with a comprehensive treatment of uncertainties, offering a framework that is applicable to all current and future commercial nuclear reactor types Provides numerous examples and problems to be solved
Thermal Sensors
by Chandra Mohan JhaThis book is a comprehensive guide to both the fundamentals of thermal sensors and their advanced functions. Key topics include sensor materials, CMOS-compatible sensors, measurement capabilities, thermal management and manufacturing processes. The introductory chapter covers the basic principles of thermal sensors from the essentials of heat transfer to smart wireless sensors. Later chapters illustrate the wide range of thermal sensor uses, from microprocessor thermal sensing to energy converter applications. Modeling and simulation techniques are used to explain the future direction of the field. Designed for researchers and practitioners working with wireless sensors and thermal management, Thermal Sensors: Principles and Applications for Semiconductor Industries is a valuable reference to the benefits and challenges these sensors offer. Advanced-level students studying mechanical or electrical engineering and networks will also find the content useful.
Thermal Separation Technology
by Alfons Mersmann Johann Stichlmair Matthias KindThermal Separation Technology is a key discipline for many industries and lays the engineering foundations for the sustainable and economic production of high-quality materials. This book provides fundamental knowledge on this field and may be used both in university teaching and in industrial research and development. Furthermore, it is intended to support professional engineers in their daily efforts to improve plant efficiency and reliability. Previous German editions of this book have gained widespread recognition. This first English edition will now make its content available to the international community of students and professionals. In the first chapters of the book the fundamentals of thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer, and multiphase flow are addressed. Further chapters examine in depth the different unit operations distillation and absorption, extraction, evaporation and condensation, crystallization, adsorption and chromatography, and drying, while the closing chapter provides valuable guidelines for a conceptual process development.
Thermal Spray Coatings
by Lalit Thakur Hitesh VasudevThis book provides the latest information about the research being conducted and established solutions available in the field of thermal spray coatings for various engineering applications. The readers of this book will be mainly the graduates, engineers and researchers who are pursuing their carrier in the field of thermal spraying. This book will cover the studies and research works of reputed scientists and engineers who have developed thermal spray coatings for thermal protection, bio-implants, renewal energy, wear and corrosion in hydraulic turbines and jet engines, hydrophobic surfaces etc. Hence, the book serves as a valuable resource of latest advancement in thermal spray technology and consolidated references for aspirants and professionals of surface engineering community. The book covers following topics for different industrial applications: Introduction: Historical developments, Science and Engineering aspects of thermal spray coating technology and different thermal spray coatings techniques and its comparison with other fabrication processes. Recent advancements and applications of thermal spray coatings Cold spray technology for additive manufacturing. High-temperature corrosion and erosion resistant coatings and thermal barrier coatings for power plants, automotive sector, and jet engines. Erosion and corrosion-resistant coatings for hydro-power plants, offshore, chemical and oil industries. Bio-coatings for human body implants. Thermal spray coating for super-hydrophobic surface. 3. Case study of boiler tubes failure and prevention by thermal spray coatings.
Thermal Spreading and Contact Resistance: Fundamentals and Applications (Wiley-ASME Press Series)
by Yuri S. Muzychka M. Michael YovanovichThermal Spreading and Contact Resistance: Fundamentals and Applications Single source reference on how applying thermal spreading and contact resistance can solve problems across a variety of engineering fields Thermal Spreading and Contact Resistance: Fundamentals and Applications offers comprehensive coverage of the key information that engineers need to know to understand thermal spreading and contact resistance, including numerous predictive models for determining thermal spreading resistance and contact conductance of mechanical joints and interfaces, plus detailed examples throughout the book. Written by two of the leading experts in the field, Thermal Spreading and Contact Resistance: Fundamentals and Applications includes information on: Contact conductance, mass transfer, transport from super-hydrophobic surfaces, droplet/surface phase change problems, and tribology applications such as sliding surfaces and roller bearings Heat transfer in micro-devices and thermal spreaders, orthotropic systems, and multi-source applications for electronics thermal management applications Fundamental principles, thermal spreading in isotropic half-space regions, circular flux tubes and disc spreaders, and rectangular flux channels and compound spreaders Systems with non-uniform sink plane conductance, transient spreading resistance, and contact resistance between both non-conforming and conforming rough surfaces Providing comprehensive coverage of the subject, Thermal Spreading and Contact Resistance: Fundamentals and Applications is an essential resource for mechanical, aerospace, and chemical engineers working on research in the fields of heat transfer, thermal management of electronics, and tribology, as well as thermal engineers and researchers in the field of thermal physics.
Thermal Springs and Geothermal Energy in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Surroundings
by Zhijie LiaoThis book introduces readers to the rich and varied thermal springs of the Tibetan Plateau, which is steadily rising due to the collision of two continental plates. Readers will discover a wealth of information on boiling springs and hot springs, including their location and elevation, temperature, geological characteristics, and water chemical data, as well as tables on warm and tepid springs. Shedding new light on this vital supplement to hydroelectric resources in remote southwest China, the book will appeal to a broad relationship, from experts researching the Tibetan Plateau to companies specializing in geothermal exploration.
Thermal Stability of Metastable Magnetic Skyrmions (Springer Theses)
by Louise DesplatThe energy cost associated with modern information technologies has been increasing exponentially over time, stimulating the search for alternative information storage and processing devices. Magnetic skyrmions are solitonic nanometer-scale quasiparticles whose unique topological properties can be thought of as that of a Mobius strip. Skyrmions are envisioned as information carriers in novel information processing and storage devices with low power consumption and high information density. As such, they could contribute to solving the energy challenge.In order to be used in applications, isolated skyrmions must be thermally stable at the scale of years. In this work, their stability is studied through two main approaches: the Kramers' method in the form of Langer's theory, and the forward flux sampling method. Good agreement is found between the two methods. We find that small skyrmions possess low internal energy barriers, but are stabilized by a large activation entropy. This is a direct consequence of the existence of stable modes of deformation of the skyrmion. Additionally, frustrated exchange that arises at some transition metal interfaces leads to new collapse paths in the form of the partial nucleation of the corresponding antiparticle, as merons and antimerons.
Thermal Stresses: Advanced Theory And Applications (Solid Mechanics And Its Applications Ser. #158)
by Naotake NodaThermal Stresses, 2nd Edition is the first book comprehensive volume on thermal stresses. It provides a sound grounding in the fundamental theory of thermal stresses as well as includes a multitude of applications. Many solved examples are included in the text, with numerous problems at the end of each chapter.The book starts with an introduction to the elementary theory, at the undergraduate level, and then progresses with the exposition of more advanced methods. The authors introduce the topics in a clear fashion, easy to grasp by students, engineers and scientists.
Thermal System Optimization: A Population-Based Metaheuristic Approach
by Vivek K. Patel Vimal J. Savsani Mohamed A. TawhidThis book presents a wide-ranging review of the latest research and development directions in thermal systems optimization using population-based metaheuristic methods. It helps readers to identify the best methods for their own systems, providing details of mathematical models and algorithms suitable for implementation. To reduce mathematical complexity, the authors focus on optimization of individual components rather than taking on systems as a whole. They employ numerous case studies: heat exchangers; cooling towers; power generators; refrigeration systems; and others. The importance of these subsystems to real-world situations from internal combustion to air-conditioning is made clear. The thermal systems under discussion are analysed using various metaheuristic techniques, with comparative results for different systems. The inclusion of detailed MATLAB® codes in the text will assist readers—researchers, practitioners or students—to assess these techniques for different real-world systems. Thermal System Optimization is a useful tool for thermal design researchers and engineers in academia and industry, wishing to perform thermal system identification with properly optimized parameters. It will be of interest for researchers, practitioners and graduate students with backgrounds in mechanical, chemical and power engineering.