- Table View
- List View
Thermal Transport in Semiconductors: First Principles and Phonon Hydrodynamics (Springer Theses)
by Pol Torres AlvarezStarting from a broad overview of heat transport based on the Boltzmann Transport Equation, this book presents a comprehensive analysis of heat transport in bulk and nanomaterials based on a kinetic-collective model (KCM). This has become key to understanding the field of thermal transport in semiconductors, and represents an important stride. The book describes how heat transport becomes hydrodynamic at the nanoscale, propagating very much like a viscous fluid and manifesting vorticity and friction-like behavior. It introduces a generalization of Fourier’s law including a hydrodynamic term based on collective behavior in the phonon ensemble. This approach makes it possible to describe in a unifying way recent experiments that had to resort to unphysical assumptions in order to uphold the validity of Fourier’s law, demonstrating that hydrodynamic heat transport is a pervasive type of behavior in semiconductors at reduced scales.
Thermal Use of Shallow Groundwater
by Fritz Stauffer Peter Bayer Philipp Blum Nelson Molina Giraldo Wolfgang KinzelbachThe thermal use of the shallow subsurface is increasingly being promoted and implemented as one of many promising measures for saving energy. A series of questions arises concerning the design and management of underground and groundwater heat extraction systems, such as the sharing of the thermal resource and the assessment of its long-term potent
Thermally Stable and Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites
by Vikas MittalPolymer nanocomposites have revolutionised material performance, most notably in the plastics, automotive and aerospace industries. However, in order to be commercially viable, many of these materials must withstand high temperatures. In this book, leaders in the field outline the mechanisms behind the generation of suitable polymer systems, pulling together recent research to provide a unified and up-to-date assessment of recent technological advancements. The text is divided into two clear sections, introducing the reader to the two most important requirements for this material type: thermal stability and flame retardancy. Special attention is paid to practical examples, walking the reader through the numerous commercial applications of thermally stable and flame retardant nanocomposites. With a strong focus on placing theory within commercial context, this unique volume will appeal to practitioners as well as researchers.
Thermionics Quo Vadis?: An Assessment of the DTRA's Advanced Thermionics Research and Development Program
by Committee on Thermionic Research TechnologyThis report evaluates the Defense Threat Reduction Agency prior and present sponsored efforts; assess the present state of the art in thermionic energy conversion systems; assess the technical challenges to the development of viable thermionic energy conversion systems for both space and terrestrial applications; and recommend a prioritized set of objectives for a future research and development program for advanced thermionic systems for space and terrestrial applications.
Thermische Energiespeicher in der Gebäudetechnik: Sensible Speicher, Latente Speicher, Systemintegration
by Johannes GoekeDie Speicherung von thermischer Energie in Form von Wärme und Kälte steht im Mittelpunkt dieses Buches. Inhalt sind die Themenbereiche wassergefüllte Speicher mit sensibler Wärme, latente Wärme-/Kältespeicher mit Phasenwechsel-Materialien sowie das Gebäude als thermischer Speicher. Dazu kommen Anwendungen im Bereich der Gebäude und Quartiere. Dabei liegt der Focus immer wieder auf der Belade- und Entladedynamik der unterschiedlichen Speichertypen.
Thermische Energiesysteme: Berechnung klassischer und regenerativer Komponenten und Anlagen
by Matthias Stripf Peter Von BöckhDas Buch behandelt alle wesentlichen Aspekte zur grundlegenden Berechnung thermischer Energiesysteme. Es versetzt Studierende und Ingenieure in die Lage, reale Komponenten und Systeme tats#65533;chlich zu berechnen und zu konstruieren und ist damit eine ideale Fortsetzung der grundlagenorientierten B#65533;cher zur Thermodynamik, Fluidmechanik und W#65533;rme#65533;bertragung. Neben den klassischen Komponenten und Anlagen zur Energieversorgung werden auch die an Bedeutung gewinnenden Technologien, wie Windkraftanlagen und W#65533;rmepumpen im Detail behandelt. Alle Beispiele sind als Mathcad-Programme im Internet herunterladbar, ebenso wichtige Diagramme und Programme zur Berechnung der Stoffwerte. Die Zielgruppen - Studierende des Maschinenbaus und der Verfahrenstechnik - Planer und Entwickler im Bereich Thermische Energiesysteme
Thermische Solarenergie
by Robert Stieglitz Volker HeinzelVon der physikalischen Basis bis zu Umsetzungen im häuslichen und kraftwerkstechnischen Bereich reichen die Aspekte der Solarthermie. Dieses Buch bietet eine fundierte Analyse der Thematik von Grundlagen der solaren Einstrahlung bis zu neuen Anwendungen. Diskutiert werden passive Aspekte, Energie- und Impulstransport in Systemen, aktive Nutzung von Niedertemperatursystemen sowie kraftwerkstechnische Umsetzungen. Bisher genutzte Konzepte, Spezifika und die Ankopplung an Kraftwerkszyklen werden ebenso beschrieben wie potenzielle Speicherverfahren.
Thermische Turbomaschinen
by Walter TraupelDas Werk gibt eine umfassende Darstellung der theoretischen Grundlagen zur Berechnung und Auslegung von Dampfturbinen, Gasturbinen und Turbokompressoren. Der erste Band behandelt die thermodynamische Prozeßführung von Dampf- und Gasturbinenanlagen und die thermodynamisch-strömungstechnische Berechnung der Turbomaschinen selbst. Um zu einem vertieften Verständnis zu führen, wird die Theorie stets aus den Grundwissenschaften heraus entwickelt, weshalb auch ein kurzer Abriß der thermodynamischen und strömungstechnischen Grundlagen an den Anfang gestellt ist.
Thermische Turbomaschinen: Geänderte Betriebsbedingungen, Regelung, Mechanische Probleme, Temperaturprobleme
by Walter TraupelDas Buch behandelt ausführlich das Verhalten der thermischen Turbomaschinen unter geänderten Betriebsbedingungen und darauf aufbauend ihre Regelungseigenschaften. Weiter werden die spezifischen Festigkeitsprobleme der Turbomaschinen dargestellt. Diesen Kapiteln ist ein allgemeines Kapitel über die Grundlagen der Festigkeitsrechnungen vorausgeschickt, das zwar diejenigen Aspekte besonders hervorhebt, die im Turbomaschinenbau vor allem wichtig sind, aber auch für verwandte Gebiete bedeutsam ist, da eine geraffte Darstellung dieser Art bis heute fehlt. Der Bestimmung der Temperaturverteilung in den maßgebenden Konstruktionsteilen (insbes. in der gekühlten Gasturbine) ist ein weiteres Kapitel gewidmet. Den Abschluß bilden die Ausführungen über die Schaufelschwingungen und die lauftechnischen Probleme der Rotoren.
Thermisches Management elektrischer Maschinen
by Mihály Németh-CsókaDas Buch fasst den aktuellen Stand der wichtigsten thermischen Aspekte einer umrichtergespeisten elektrischen Maschine zusammen. Neben den typischen Themen wie Modellierung, Wirkungsgradoptimierung oder Widerstandadaption werden auch Bestimmung von Zeitkonstanten, Temperaturmessung, kT-Adaption, Entmagnetisierung und Alterung der Isolation beschrieben.Schwerpunkte sind praktische Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in Echtzeitsystemen bei der Modellierung und bei der Wirkungsgradoptimierung. Das Buch eignet sich besonders für den Ingenieur mit industrieller Praxis oder als Lehrbuch für Studenten, die sich vertiefend mit elektrischen Antrieben beschäftigen.
Thermitic Thermodynamics: A Computational Survey and Comprehensive Interpretation of Over 800 Combinations of Metals, Metalloids, and Oxides
by Anthony Peter ShawThermites, which are generally considered to be reactive mixtures of powdered metals and metal oxides, are an important subset of energetic materials. The underlying thermodynamic properties of a given mixture dictate whether it may undergo a self-sustaining reaction, liberating heat in the process. Thermodynamic information in the existing scientific literature regarding thermitic combinations is scattered and incomplete. Currently, a comprehensive overview of this nature would be of great use to those working in the areas of pyrotechnics, pyrometallurgy, high-temperature chemistry, and materials science. Thermitic Thermodynamics solves this problem by describing the results of calculations on over 800 combinations of metal, metalloid, and metal oxide reactants.Other features include: A first-of-its-kind adiabatic survey of binary thermitic reactions Provides an overview of key trends in exothermic metal-metal oxide reactivity Describes the role of non-oxide product formation in thermitic systems Explains how to interpret the results of thermochemical calculations effectively An invaluable resource, this book provides an accessible introduction for students and is also an enduring guide for professionals.
Thermo-Gas Dynamics of Hydrogen Combustion and Explosion
by Boris E. Gelfand Mikhail V. Silnikov Sergey P. Medvedev Sergey V. KhomikThe potential of hydrogen as an important future energy source has generated fresh interest in the study of hydrogenous gas mixtures. Indeed, both its high caloricity and reactivity are unique properties, the latter underscoring safety considerations when handling such mixtures. The present monograph is devoted to the various aspects of hydrogen combustion and explosion processes. In addition to theoretical and phenomenological considerations, this work also collates the results of many experiments from less well known sources. The text reviews the literature in this respect, thereby providing valuable information about the thermo-gas-dynamical parameters of combustion processes for selected experimental settings in a range of scientific and industrial applications.
Thermo-Gas Dynamics of Hydrogen Combustion and Explosion (Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena)
by Boris E. Gelfand Mikhail V. Silnikov Sergey P. Medvedev Sergey V. KhomikThe potential of hydrogen as an important future energy source has generated fresh interest in the study of hydrogenous gas mixtures. Indeed, both its high caloricity and reactivity are unique properties, the latter underscoring safety considerations when handling such mixtures. The present monograph is devoted to the various aspects of hydrogen combustion and explosion processes. In addition to theoretical and phenomenological considerations, this work also collates the results of many experiments from less well known sources. The text reviews the literature in this respect, thereby providing valuable information about the thermo-gas-dynamical parameters of combustion processes for selected experimental settings in a range of scientific and industrial applications.
Thermo-Hydraulics of Nuclear Reactors
by Christopher Earls BrennenThis book provides a concise and up-to-date summary of the essential thermo-hydraulic analyses and design principles of nuclear reactors for electricity generation. Beginning with the basic nuclear physics, it leads through technical and quantitative analyses to descriptions of both the normal operation of the various modern nuclear reactor designs and the analyses of the possible departures from normal operation. It then describes both the postulated accident scenarios and summaries of the causes for the three major nuclear power generation accidents, Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima as well as the major improvements to reactor safety that grew out of those analyses and accidents.
Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes in Fractured Porous Media: Modelling and Benchmarking
by Olaf Kolditz Uwe-Jens Görke Hua Shao Wenqing Wang Sebastian BauerThis book presents a new suite of benchmarks for and examples of porous media mechanics collected over the last two years. It continues the assembly of benchmarks and examples for porous media mechanics published in 2014. The book covers various applications in the geosciences, geotechnics, geothermal energy, and geological waste deposition. The analysis of thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes is essential to many applications in environmental engineering, such as geological waste deposition, geothermal energy utilisation, carbon capture and storage, water resources management, hydrology, and even climate change. In order to assess the feasibility and safety of geotechnical applications, process-based modelling is the only tool that can effectively quantify future scenarios, a fact which also creates a huge burden of responsibility concerning the reliability of computational tools. The book shows that benchmarking offers a suitable methodology for verifying the quality of modelling tools based on best practices, and together with code comparison fosters community efforts. It also provides a brief introduction to the DECOVALEX, SeSBench and MOMAS initiatives. This benchmark book is part of the OpenGeoSys initiative - an open source project designed to share knowledge and experience in environmental analysis and scientific computation.
Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical (Terrestrial Environmental Sciences)
by Thomas Nagel Olaf Kolditz Hua Shao Haibing Shao Ju Wang Thorsten Schäfer Chun-Liang Zhang Horst Geckeis Uwe DüsterlohThis book is open access book. The collaborative Pilot Project, titled “Comparison of Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical (THMC) Processes in Bentonite Barrier Systems”, aims to investigate the fundamentals, conduct laboratory and field experiments, and develop numerical models for barrier systems that ensure the safe isolation of radioactive waste in deep geological repositories. This book compares methodologies and technologies used in experimental laboratory and field research, as well as systems analysis, in a collaborative work of German and Chinese scientists. Both parties have access to exceptional experimental and modelling research capabilities. The Beishan underground research laboratory (URL) is currently under construction in Gansu, China. It will serve as an international collaboration platform for URL research in the future. International cooperation is essential for excellent research and development due to the high cost of scientific programmes and technical operation of URLs, making it a precondition for providing secure solutions. This is important not only for deep geological repositories for radioactive waste disposal but also for other geoenergy applications, such as energy storage and geothermal energy utilization.
Thermo-Hydrodynamic Design of Fluidized Bed Combustors
by Stephen M. Folga Walter F. Podolski Jacques X. Bouillard Robert W. LyczkowskiThermo-Hydrodynamic Design of Fluidized Bed Combustors: Estimating Metal Wastage is a unique volume that finds that the most sensitive parameters affecting metal wastage are superficial fluidizing velocity, particle diameter, and particle sphericity. Gross consistencies between disparate data sources using different techniques were found when the erosion rates are compared on the same basis using the concept of renormalization. The simplified mechanistic models and correlations, when validated, can be used to renormalize any experimental data so they can be compared on a consistent basis using a master equation.
Thermo-Magnetic Systems for Space Nuclear Reactors
by Carlos O. MaidanaIntroduces the reader to engineering magnetohydrodynamics applications and presents a comprehensive guide of how to approach different problems found in this multidisciplinary field. An introduction to engineering magnetohydrodynamics, this brief focuses heavily on the design of thermo-magnetic systems for liquid metals, with emphasis on the design of electromagnetic annular linear induction pumps for space nuclear reactors. Alloy systems that are liquid at room temperature have a high degree of thermal conductivity far superior to ordinary non-metallic liquids. This results in their use for specific heat conducting and dissipation applications. For example, liquid metal-cooled reactors are typically very compact and can be used in space propulsion systems and in fission reactors for planetary exploration. Computer aided engineering (CAE), computational physics and mathematical methods are introduced, as well as manufacturing and testing procedures. An overview on space nuclear systems is also included. This brief is an invaluable tool for design engineers and applied physicists as well as to graduate students in nuclear and mechanical engineering or in applied physics.
Thermo-Mechanically Coupled Cyclic Deformation and Fatigue Failure of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys: Experiments, Simulations and Theories (Springer Series in Materials Science #335)
by Guozheng Kang Chao Yu Qianhua KanWritten by leading experts in the field, this book highlights an authoritative and comprehensive introduction to thermo-mechanically coupled cyclic deformation and fatigue failure of shape memory alloys. The book deals with: (1) experimental observations on the cyclic deformation and fatigue failure in the macroscopic and microscopic scales; (2) molecular dynamics and phase-field simulations for the thermo-mechanical behaviors and underlying mechanisms during cyclic deformation; (3) macroscopic phenomenological and crystal plasticity-based cyclic constitutive models; and (4) fatigue failure models. This book is an important reference for students, practicing engineers and researchers who study shape memory alloys in the areas of mechanical, civil and aerospace engineering as well as materials science.
Thermo-mechanisches Enteisungssystem auf Basis von Formgedächtnislegierungen (Mechanics and Adaptronics)
by Ozan TamerIn dieser Forschungsarbeit wird ein neuartiges Enteisungssystemkonzept untersucht, bei dem ein Draht aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung (FGL) in ein Elastomermaterial eingebettet wird, um thermomechanische Effekte zu erzielen. Die besonderen thermischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften von FGL machen sie zu einer vielversprechenden Option für die Integration in Luftfahrtsysteme, um Eisansammlungen auf aerodynamischen Oberflächen zu entfernen. Das Konzept basiert auf der Nutzung des Formgedächtniseffekts (FGL) als Grundprinzip für das Enteisungssegment.
Thermo-Poroelasticity and Geomechanics
by Selvadurai A. P. S. Suvorov A. P.Investigations of multi-physical processes in geomaterials have gained increasing attention due to the ongoing interest in solving complex geoenvironmental problems. This book provides a comprehensive exposition of the classical theory of thermo-poroelasticity, complemented by complete examples to problems in thermo-poromechanics that are used to validate computational results from multi-physics codes used in practice. The methodologies offer an insight into real-life problems related to modern environmental geosciences, including nuclear waste management, geologic sequestration of greenhouse gases to mitigate climate change, and the impact of energy resources recovery on groundwater resources. A strong focus is placed on analytical approaches to benchmark the accuracy of the computational approaches that are ultimately used in real-life problems. The extensive coverage of both theory and applications in thermo-poroelasticity and geomechanics provides a unified presentation of the topics, making this an accessible and invaluable resource for researchers, students or practitioners in the field.
Thermoacoustic Instability: A Complex Systems Perspective (Springer Series in Synergetics)
by R. I. Sujith Samadhan A. PawarThis book systematically presents the consolidated findings of the phenomenon of self-organization observed during the onset of thermoacoustic instability using approaches from dynamical systems and complex systems theory. Over the last decade, several complex dynamical states beyond limit cycle oscillations such as quasiperiodicity, frequency-locking, period-n, chaos, strange non-chaos, and intermittency have been discovered in thermoacoustic systems operated in laminar and turbulent flow regimes. During the onset of thermoacoustic instability in turbulent systems, an ordered acoustic field and large coherent vortices emerge from the background of turbulent combustion. This emergence of order from disorder in both temporal and spatiotemporal dynamics is explored in the contexts of synchronization, pattern formation, collective interaction, multifractality, and complex networks. For the past six decades, the spontaneous emergence of large amplitude, self-sustained, tonal oscillations in confined combustion systems, characterized as thermoacoustic instability, has remained one of the most challenging areas of research. The presence of such instabilities continues to hinder the development and deployment of high-performance combustion systems used in power generation and propulsion applications. Even with the advent of sophisticated measurement techniques to aid experimental investigations and vast improvements in computational power necessary to capture flow physics in high fidelity simulations, conventional reductionist approaches have not succeeded in explaining the plethora of dynamical behaviors and the associated complexities that arise in practical combustion systems. As a result, models and theories based on such approaches are limited in their application to mitigate or evade thermoacoustic instabilities, which continue to be among the biggest concerns for engine manufacturers today. This book helps to overcome these limitations by providing appropriate methodologies to deal with nonlinear thermoacoustic oscillations, and by developing control strategies that can mitigate and forewarn thermoacoustic instabilities. The book is also beneficial to scientists and engineers studying the occurrence of several other instabilities, such as flow-induced vibrations, compressor surge, aeroacoustics and aeroelastic instabilities in diverse fluid-mechanical environments, to graduate students who intend to apply dynamical systems and complex systems approach to their areas of research, and to physicists who look for experimental applications of their theoretical findings on nonlinear and complex systems.
Thermoacoustics: A Unifying Perspective for Some Engines and Refrigerators
by Gregory W. SwiftThis updated new edition provides an introduction to the field of thermoacoustics. All of the key aspects of the topic are introduced, with the goal of helping the reader to acquire both an intuitive understanding and the ability to design hardware, build it, and assess its performance. Weaving together intuition, mathematics, and experimental results, this text equips readers with the tools to bridge the fields of thermodynamics and acoustics. At the same time, it remains firmly grounded in experimental results, basing its discussions on the distillation of a body of experiments spanning several decades and countries. The book begins with detailed treatment of the fundamental physical laws that underlie thermoacoustics. It then goes on to discuss key concepts, including simple oscillations, waves, power, and efficiency. The remaining portions of the book delve into more advanced topics and address practical concerns in applications chapters on hardware and measurements. With its careful progression and end-of-chapter exercises, this book will appeal to graduate students in physics and engineering as well as researchers and practitioners in either acoustics or thermodynamics looking to explore the possibilities of thermoacoustics. This revised and expanded second edition has been updated with an eye to modern technology, including computer animations and DeltaEC examples.
The Thermoballistic Transport Model
by Reinhard Lipperheide Uwe WilleThe book presents a comprehensive survey of the thermoballistic approach to charge carrier transport in semiconductors. This semi-classical approach, which the authors have developed over the past decade, bridges the gap between the opposing drift-diffusion and ballistic models of carrier transport. While incorporating basic features of the latter two models, the physical concept underlying the thermoballistic approach constitutes a novel, unifying scheme. It is based on the introduction of "ballistic configurations" arising from a random partitioning of the length of a semiconducting sample into ballistic transport intervals. Stochastic averaging of the ballistic carrier currents over the ballistic configurations results in a position-dependent thermoballistic current, which is the key element of the thermoballistic concept and forms the point of departure for the calculation of all relevant transport properties. In the book, the thermoballistic concept and its implementation are developed in great detail and specific examples of interest to current research in semiconductor physics and spintronics are worked out.
Thermochemical and Catalytic Conversion Technologies for Future Biorefineries: Volume 1 (Clean Energy Production Technologies)
by Pradeep VermaThis book will attempt to provide an account of knowledge on biomass available for biomass-based biorefineries. Its focuses on understanding the recalcitrance of biomass and how it limits the overall conversion efficiency. It also gives an insight what are different conventional approaches available for pretreatment and hydrolysis of the biomass. The chapters deals with highlights how enzymes can be a powerhouse and play pioneering roles in biomass valorization. The book will also throw light on how technical aspects of thermochemical conversion strategies such as pyrolysis, gasification, organosolv methods for the generation of value-added materials such as high-quality bio-oil, biochars, and biobased chemicals. These high-value compounds can be put to widespread application in biofuel, biocatalyst, waste bioremediation (heavy metal removal), air purification and effluent treatment applications. The book will provide literature on the limitations of already existing technologies and provide prospects of each technology. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, bioenergy scientists, capacity builders, and policymakers. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of energy studies, chemical engineering, biotechnology, and environmental sciences. National and international energy scientists and policymakers will also find this to be a useful read.