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Thermochemical and Catalytic Conversion Technologies for Future Biorefineries: Volume 2 (Clean Energy Production Technologies)

by Pradeep Verma

This book is an attempt to provide an account of biomass recalcitrance and available physical and chemical methods for biomass pretreatment and hydrolysis. Its focuses on understanding the critical role of enzymes in the development of integrated biorefinery. The book also presents an overview of the utilization of waste biomass as a support system for enzyme immobilization for easy recovery and reuse for multiple cycles. strategies where enzymes can be used. The book also attempts to understand how enzymes can play a vital role in waste valorization for energy and biomaterial production. Further, the book will present an overview of how advanced technologies such as omics and in-silico approaches can help in understanding the chemistry affecting recalcitrance and the mechanism of enzyme catalysts in their bioconversion. An understanding of the life cycle assessment of waste biomass biorefinery will be needed before its implementation. The book will serve as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of energy studies, chemical engineering, applied biotechnology, and environmental sciences. This book is of interest to academicians, scientists, environmentalists, and policymakers.

A Thermochemical Heat Storage System for Households: Combined Investigations of Thermal Transfers Coupled to Chemical Reactions (Springer Theses)

by Armand Fopah Lele

The book offers a comprehensive report on the design and optimization of a thermochemical heat storage system for use in buildings. It combines theoretical and experimental work, with a special emphasis on model-based methods. It describes the numerical modeling of the heat exchanger, which allows recovery of about two thirds of the waste heat from both solar and thermal energy. The book also provides readers with a snapshot of current research on thermochemical storage systems, and an in-depth review of the most important concepts and methods in thermal management modeling. It represents a valuable resource for students, engineers and researchers interested in thermal energy storage processes, as well as for those dealing with modeling and 3D simulations in the field of energy and process engineering.

Thermocouples: Theory and Properties

by DanielD. Pollock

Thermocouples: Theory and Properties provides the basis for the examination and explanation of thermoelectric phenomena and their correlations with other physical properties. These results are applied and account for the properties and deviations of commercial materials in the temperature ranges of most common industrial usage.This book is written expressly for non-scientists and is an effective tool for the busy technician or engineer working with thermoelectric thermometry in metallurgical, chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, and food processing areas. It is also beneficial for use in quality control and research and development applications. The book provides more than the usual superficial presentations of thermoelectric properties; it explains the ""why"" as well as the ""how"" and ""what"" of thermoelectric behaviors. These answers are important because only a suitable combination of theory and practice can lead to the understanding required for optimum thermometric applications under the multitude of applications encountered in industry and science.

Thermodiffusion in Multicomponent Mixtures

by M. Ziad Saghir Seshasai Srinivasan

Thermodiffusion in Multicomponent Mixtures presents the computational approaches that are employed in the study of thermodiffusion in various types of mixtures, namely, hydrocarbons, polymers, water-alcohol, molten metals, and so forth. We present a detailed formalism of these methods that are based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics or algebraic correlations or principles of the artificial neural network. The book will serve as single complete reference to understand the theoretical derivations of thermodiffusion models and its application to different types of multi-component mixtures. An exhaustive discussion of these is used to give a complete perspective of the principles and the key factors that govern the thermodiffusion process.

Thermodynamic and Thermophysical Properties of Saline Water: Models, Correlations and Data for Desalination and Relevant Applications (Springer Water)

by Naef A. Qasem Muhammad M. Generous Bilal A. Qureshi Syed M. Zubair

​This book accommodates the existing correlations, data, and methods for thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of saline water, including multiple components at a wide range of salinity (reaching around 200 g/kg), temperature, and pressure. The correlations of each property are plotted against existing experimental data to judge the comparative accuracy of each within a given specific range of salinity, temperature, and pressure. An assessment to recommend some correlations is also conducted. New correlations for some properties are also proposed. This book helps to provide the saline water properties as needed for engineers, designers, and research for different areas, including desalination and water treatment.All the analytical analysis, thermodynamic analysis, and design models of the desalination technologies depend on saline water properties. As scientists and researchers working on different desalination technologies, the authors found it difficult to find all saline water properties in one source, including multicomponent and binary salty solutions, under different conditions (salinity, temperature, and pressure). Therefore, the authors introduce this book to fill the gap in the open literature. This book compiles the thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of saline water, involving thermodynamic approaches, multicomponent models, and simple correlations and data, comparison between the correlations of properties in figures, recommendation of the most accurate correlations and methods, and the used codes to estimate these correlations and methods. It is expected that this book to be a principal source for all interests in desalination and water treatment subjects.

Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Fluids

by G. F. Rogers Y. R. Mayhew

The fifth edition has been issued to incorporate two new tables - Data of Refrigerant 134a and a table containing for selected substances, molar enthalpies and molar Gibbs functions of formation, Equilibirum constants of formation, as well as molar heat capacities and absolute entropies.

Thermodynamic Degradation Science: Physics of Failure, Accelerated Testing, Fatigue, and Reliability Applications

by Alec Feinberg

Thermodynamic degradation science is a new and exciting discipline. This book merges the science of physics of failure with thermodynamics and shows how degradation modeling is improved and enhanced when using thermodynamic principles. The author also goes beyond the traditional physics of failure methods and highlights the importance of having new tools such as "Mesoscopic" noise degradation measurements for prognostics of complex systems, and a conjugate work approach to solving physics of failure problems with accelerated testing applications. Key features: * Demonstrates how the thermodynamics energy approach uncovers key degradation models and their application to accelerated testing. * Demonstrates how thermodynamic degradation models accounts for cumulative stress environments, effect statistical reliability distributions, and are key for reliability test planning. * Provides coverage of the four types of Physics of Failure processes describing aging: Thermal Activation Processes, Forced Aging, Diffusion, and complex combinations of these. * Coverage of numerous key topics including: aging laws; Cumulative Accelerated Stress Test (CAST) Plans; cumulative entropy fatigue damage; reliability statistics and environmental degradation and pollution. Thermodynamic Degradation Science: Physics of Failure, Accelerated Testing, Fatigue and Reliability Applications is essential reading for reliability, cumulative fatigue, and physics of failure engineers as well as students on courses which include thermodynamic engineering and/or physics of failure coverage.

Thermodynamic Inversion

by Vladimir N. Kompanichenko

This book discusses the theory, general principles, and energy source conditions allowing for the emergence of life in planetary systems. The author examines the material conditions found in natural hydrothermal sites, the appropriate analogs of prebiotic environments on early Earth. He provides an overview of current laboratory experiments in prebiotic materials chemistry and substantiation of a new direction for the experiments in the origin of life field.Describes thermodynamic inversion and how it relates to the living cell;Examines the current direction of experiments on prebiotic materials chemistry;Introduces and substantiates necessary conditions for the emergence of life.

Thermodynamic Measurement Techniques (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series)

by Mohammad Shamsuddin

This book offers various techniques for measurement of thermodynamic quantities of materials such as enthalpy, free energy, and entropy. Techniques described herein include calorimetry, chemical equilibria, vapour pressure, and electrochemical analysis. The book covers general and solution thermodynamics in Chapters 1 and 2, respectively, and highlights the significance of various thermodynamic quantities required for materials characterization and development in Chapter 3. The author goes on to discuss different thermodynamic measurement techniques in detail (Chapters 4-8) together with a set of more than fifty worked-out problems related to classical as well as solution thermodynamics and measurement techniques. (Chapter 9).Topics include but are not limited to the following:The significance of various thermodynamic data required for selection and characterization of materials.The physicochemical principles involved in various thermodynamic measurement and on the evaluation of thermodynamic data by phase diagram analyses. The unique combination of calorimetry and chemical equilibrium for simultaneous determination of partial molar enthalpy and partial molar free energy of hydrogen in metals and alloys.The special technique based on the combination of vapor pressure and electrical conductivity to study the effect of tellurium vapor pressure on the mode of conduction in polycrystalline cadmium telluride.

Thermodynamic Mechanism of MQL Grinding with Nano Bio-lubricant

by Changhe Li

This book discusses the thermodynamic mechanism of MQL grinding with nano-biological lubricant from the force, heat, surface integrity, and micro-morphology.It makes up the fatal defect of the lack of heat transfer capability of traditional MQL grinding. The machining accuracy, surface quality, especially surface integrity of the workpiece, are significantly improved; at the same time, the service life of the grinding wheel is increased and the working environment is improved.The general scope of the book’s content is the effects of MQL grinding with nano-bio-lubricant on grinding force, thermal mechanism, and surface.It provides a new method of sustainable green grinding for environment-friendly, resource-saving, and energy-efficient utilization and solves the technical bottleneck of the insufficient capacity in MQL heat transfer.

Thermodynamic Processes 1: Systems without Physical State Change

by Salah Belaadi

Thermodynamic Processes 1 offers a comprehensive take on process engineering, whereby technology transforms materials and energy production into various products. The scientific methods required for designing such processes are the result of knowledge from a number of different disciplines. As a result, thermodynamics is the basic discipline in process engineering training. The application of laws and concepts of thermodynamics is essential before the design and optimization of any process, which allows downstream to control its reliability and validity. This book offers a pragmatic approach through practical and varied examples, chosen for their didactic and industrial interest.

Thermodynamic Processes 2: State and Energy Change Systems

by Salah Belaadi

Thermodynamic Processes 2 is devoted to the study of equilibrium between phases in the case of the four changes of physical state: fusion, boiling or vaporization, sublimation and allotropy or transition. It also includes a section that addresses energy's relationship to the zero sum aspect of exergy and thermal cycles. This second volume presents scientific and technical examples – both theoretical and industrial – which are the result of a careful selection, accrued over more than three decades of teaching thermodynamics and in collaboration with the industry sector. The didactic exercises and the practical problems are entirely dedicated to the understanding of this science, and the potential applications for the industrial world. This book is a tool for work and reflection essential for the student in training, as well as the engineer or experienced researcher.

Thermodynamic Properties of Cryogenic Fluids

by Jacob W. Leachman Richard T Jacobsen Eric W. Lemmon Steven G. Penoncello

Practicing engineers and scientist will benefit from this book's presentation of the most accurate information on the subject. The equations for fifteen important cryogenic fluids are presented in a basic format, accompanied by pressure-enthalpy and temperature-entropy charts and tables of thermodynamic properties. The book is supported by ICMPROPRS - an interactive computer program for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of the cryogenic fluids - that can be downloaded from the World Wide Web.

Thermodynamic Properties Of Isomerization Reactions

by M. L. Frenkel

This handbook presents the thermodynamic functions obtained primarily from the results of equilibrium studies of isomerization reactions and by measurements of the heats of combustion of isomer groups by the calorimetric method.

Thermodynamics

by Gregory Nellis Sanford Klein

This book differs from other thermodynamics texts in its objective which is to provide engineers with the concepts, tools, and experience needed to solve practical real-world energy problems. The presentation integrates computer tools (e.g., EES) with thermodynamic concepts to allow engineering students and practising engineers to solve problems they would otherwise not be able to solve. The use of examples, solved and explained in detail, and supported with property diagrams that are drawn to scale, is ubiquitous in this textbook. The examples are not trivial, drill problems, but rather complex and timely real world problems that are of interest by themselves. As with the presentation, the solutions to these examples are complete and do not skip steps. Similarly the book includes numerous end of chapter problems, both typeset and online. Most of these problems are more detailed than those found in other thermodynamics textbooks. The supplements include complete solutions to all exercises, software downloads, and additional content on selected topics. These are available at the book web site www.cambridge.org/KleinandNellis.

Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Engineering Applications

by William C. Reynolds Piero Colonna

This concise text provides an essential treatment of thermodynamics and a discussion of the basic principles built on an intuitive description of the microscopic behavior of matter. Aimed at a range of courses in mechanical and aerospace engineering, the presentation explains the foundations valid at the macroscopic level in relation to what happens at the microscopic level, relying on intuitive and visual explanations which are presented with engaging cases. With ad hoc, real-word examples related also to current and future renewable energy conversion technologies and two well-known programs used for thermodynamic calculations, FluidProp and StanJan, this text provides students with a rich and engaging learning experience.

Thermodynamics: Fundamental Principles and Applications (UNITEXT for Physics)

by Antonio Saggion Rossella Faraldo Matteo Pierno

This book offers a comprehensive overview of thermodynamics. It is divided into four parts, the first of which equips readers with a deeper understanding of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics of equilibrium states and of their evolution. The second part applies these principles to a series of generalized situations, presenting applications that are of interest both in their own right and in terms of demonstrating how thermodynamics, as a theory of principle, relates to different fields. In turn, the third part focuses on non-equilibrium configurations and the dynamics of natural processes. It discusses both discontinuous and continuous systems, highlighting the interference among non-equilibrium processes, and the nature of stationary states and of fluctuations in isolated systems. Lastly, part four introduces the relation between physics and information theory, which constitutes a new frontier in fundamental research.The book includes step-by-step exercises, with solutions, to help readers to gain a fuller understanding of the subjects, and also features a series of appendices providing useful mathematical formulae. Reflecting the content of modern university courses on thermodynamics, it is a valuable resource for students and young scientists in the fields of physics, chemistry, and engineering.

Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications

by Naseem Uddin

Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications offers a blend of theory and practical applications for a complete understanding of thermodynamics for various engineering applications. Beginning with a basic introduction and principles of thermodynamics, the book advances to more specialized topics like organic Rankine cycle, gas mixtures, equilibria and chemical reactions.Exploring the first law of thermodynamics, different types of energies and their practical applications in engineering devices, the text covers enthalpy, heat transfer and work interactions with a focus on macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. It introduces the second law of thermodynamics and entropy with an in-depth look at Carnot engines and absolute temperature scales. The book includes applied problems that are solved using COOLPROP, Tilmedia and MAPLE-ThermophysicalData packages.The book is intended for senior undergraduate mechanical, aerospace and chemical engineering students taking courses in thermodynamics.Instructors will be able to utilize a Solutions Manual, Figure Slides, and MAPLE codes for their courses.

Thermodynamics and Biophysics of Biomedical Nanosystems: Applications and Practical Considerations (Series in BioEngineering)

by Costas Demetzos Natassa Pippa

This book highlights the recent advances of thermodynamics and biophysics in drug delivery nanosystems and in biomedical nanodevices. The up-to-date book provides an in-depth knowledge of bio-inspired nanotechnological systems for pharmaceutical applications. Biophysics and thermodynamics, supported by mathematics, are the locomotive by which the drug transportation and the targeting processes will be achieved under the light of the modern pharmacotherapy. They are considered as scientific tools that promote the understanding of physicochemical and thermotropic functionality and behavior of artificial cell membranes and structures like nanoparticulate systems. Therefore, this book focusses on new aspects of biophysics and thermodynamics as important elements for evaluating biomedical nanosystems, and it correlates their physicochemical, biophysical and thermodynamical behaviour with those of a living organism.In 2018, Prof. Demetzos was honored with an award by the Order of Sciences of the Academy of Athens for his scientific contribution in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology.

Thermodynamics and Ecological Modelling (Environmental & Ecological (Math) Modeling)

by Sven E. Jorgensen

Thermodynamics is used increasingly in ecology to understand the system properties of ecosystems because it is a basic science that describes energy transformation from a holistic view. In the last decade, many contributions to ecosystem theory based on thermodynamics have been published, therefore an important step toward integrating these theories and encouraging a more wide spread use of them is to present them in one volume.An ecosystem consists of interdependent living organisms that are also interdependent with their environment, all of which are involved in a constant transfer of energy and mass within a general state of equilibrium or dis-equilibrium. Thermodynamics can quantify exactly how "organized" or "disorganized" a system is - an extremely useful to know when trying to understand how a dynamic ecosystem is behaving.A part of the Environmental and Ecological (Math) Modeling series, Thermodynamics and Ecology is a book-length study - the first of its kind - of the current thinking on how an ecosystem can be explained and predicted in terms of its thermodynamical behavior. After the introductory chapters on the fundamentals of thermodynamics, the book explains how thermodynamic theory can be specifically applied to the "measurement" of an ecosystem, including the assessment of its state of entropy and enthalpy. Additionally, it will show economists how to put these theories to use when trying to quantify the movement of goods and services through another type of complex living system - a human society.

Thermodynamics and Heat Power, Ninth Edition

by Irving Granet Jorge Alvarado Maurice Bluestein

The ninth edition of Thermodynamics and Heat Power contains a revised sequence of thermodynamics concepts including physical properties, processes, and energy systems, to enable the attainment of learning outcomes by Engineering and Engineering Technology students taking an introductory course in thermodynamics. Built around an easily understandable approach, this updated text focuses on thermodynamics fundamentals, and explores renewable energy generation, IC engines, power plants, HVAC, and applied heat transfer. Energy, heat, and work are examined in relation to thermodynamics cycles, and the effects of fluid properties on system performance are explained. Numerous step-by-step examples and problems make this text ideal for undergraduate students. This new edition: Introduces physics-based mathematical formulations and examples in a way that enables problem-solving. Contains extensive learning features within each chapter, and basic computational exercises for in-class and laboratory activities. Includes a straightforward review of applicable calculus concepts. Uses everyday examples to foster a better understanding of thermal science and engineering concepts. This book is suitable for undergraduate students in engineering and engineering technology.

Thermodynamics: Basic Principles and Engineering Applications (Mechanical Engineering Series)

by Alan M. Whitman

This textbook is for a one semester introductory course in thermodynamics, primarily for use in a mechanical or aerospace engineering program, although it could also be used in an engineering science curriculum. The book contains a section on the geometry of curves and surfaces, in order to review those parts of calculus that are needed in thermodynamics for interpolation and in discussing thermodynamic equations of state of simple substances. It presents the First Law of Thermodynamics as an equation for the time rate of change of system energy, the same way that Newton’s Law of Motion, an equation for the time rate of change of system momentum, is presented in Dynamics. Moreover, this emphasis illustrates the importance of the equation to the study of heat transfer and fluid mechanics. New thermodynamic properties, such as internal energy and entropy, are introduced with a motivating discussion rather than by abstract postulation, and connection is made with kinetic theory. Thermodynamic properties of the vaporizable liquids needed for the solution of practical thermodynamic problems (e.g. water and various refrigerants) are presented in a unique tabular format that is both simple to understand and easy to use. All theoretical discussions throughout the book are accompanied by worked examples illustrating their use in practical devices. These examples of the solution of various kinds of thermodynamic problems are all structured in exactly the same way in order to make, as a result of the repetitions, the solution of new problems easier for students to follow, and ultimately, to produce themselves. Many additional problems are provided, half of them with answers, for students to do on their own.

Thermodynamics: Basic Principles and Engineering Applications (Mechanical Engineering Series)

by Alan M. Whitman

This new edition is designed for a one semester introductory course in thermodynamics, either in mechanical or aerospace engineering, or in an engineering science program. The book contains a section on the geometry of curves and surfaces, in order to review those parts of calculus that are needed in thermodynamics for discussing the thermodynamic equations of state of simple compressible substances, and their approximation by linear interpolation. It presents the First Law of Thermodynamics as an equation for the time rate of change of system energy, the same way that Newton’s Law of Motion, an equation for the time rate of change of system momentum, is presented in Dynamics, and presents the Second Law mathematically as a lower bound for the time rate of change of system entropy. Moreover, this emphasis illustrates the importance of thermodynamics to the study of heat transfer and fluid mechanics. These laws and the associated new thermodynamic properties, energy and entropy, are introduced with extended motivating discussions rather than as abstract postulates, and connections are made with kinetic theory. Thermodynamic properties of the vaporizable liquids- condensible gases needed for the solution of practical thermodynamic problems (e.g. water and a typical refrigerant) are presented in a unique tabular format that is both simple to understand and easy to use. All theoretical discussions throughout the book are accompanied by worked examples illustrating their use in practical devices. These examples of the solution of various kinds of thermodynamic problems are all structured in exactly the same way in order to make, as a result of the repetition, the solution of new problems easier for students to follow, and ultimately, to produce themselves. Many additional problems are provided, half of them with answers, for students to do on their own.

Thermodynamics, Diffusion and the Kirkendall Effect in Solids

by Aloke Paul Tomi Laurila Vesa Vuorinen Sergiy V. Divinski

In this book basic and some more advanced thermodynamics and phase as well as stability diagrams relevant for diffusion studies are introduced. Following, Fick's laws of diffusion, atomic mechanisms, interdiffusion, intrinsic diffusion, tracer diffusion and the Kirkendall effect are discussed. Short circuit diffusion is explained in detail with an emphasis on grain boundary diffusion Recent advances in the area of interdiffusion will be introduced. Interdiffusion in multi-component systems is also explained. Many practical examples will be given, such that researches working in this area can learn the practical evaluation of various diffusion parameters from experimental results. Large number of illustrations and experimental results are used to explain the subject. This book will be appealing for students, academicians, engineers and researchers in academic institutions, industry research and development laboratories.

Thermodynamics for Chemists, Physicists and Engineers

by Robert Hołyst Andrzej Poniewierski

Thermodynamics is an essential part of chemical physics and is of fundamental importance in physics, chemistry and engineering courses. This textbook takes an interdisciplinary approach to the subject and is therefore suitable for undergraduates in all those courses. The book is an introduction to phenomenological thermodynamics and its applications to phase transitions and chemical reactions, with some references to statistical mechanics. It strikes the balance between the rigorousness of the Callen text and phenomenological approach of the Atkins text. The book is divided in three parts. The first introduces the postulates and laws of thermodynamics and complements these initial explanations with practical examples. The second part is devoted to applications of thermodynamics to phase transitions in pure substances and mixtures. The third part covers thermodynamic systems in which chemical reactions take place. There are some sections on more advanced topics such as thermodynamic potentials, natural variables, non-ideal mixtures and electrochemical reactions, which make this book of suitable also to post-graduate students. Robert Hołyst (1963) is a professor at the Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences. He specializes in statistical physics, physical chemistry, biologistics and soft matter physics. He has published 182 papers and 2 books. He presented his works at multiple universities/institutes, e.g. Harvard, MIT, University of Chicago, ESPCI-Paris, ENS-Paris, several Max Planck Institutes, University of Tokyo, Oxford and Cambridge. He has over 17 years experience in teaching thermodynamics for undergraduate students. Andrzej Poniewierski (1951), professor at the Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences; published 53 papers and two books, specializes in soft matter and statistical physics, liquid crystals and applications of density functional theory to complex fluids. He has also taught thermodynamics for undergraduate students for several years.

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