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Soft Crystals: Flexible Response Systems with High Structural Order (The Materials Research Society Series)
by Masako Kato Kazuyuki IshiiThis open access book introduces the science of the new materials, soft crystals, by showing various interesting examples. Different from conventional hard and stable crystals, the soft crystals respond to gentle stimuli such as vapor exposure and rubbing but maintain their structural order. In this book, their exhibition of remarkable visual changes in their shape, color, and luminescence is described. Through the chapters, historical background, recent remarkable developments, and future prospects are described concisely. This book helps readers to understand a new concept of materials that have the characteristics of stimulus-sensitive soft matter and finely controlled crystals and to design novel materials with the characteristics. The English translation of this book from its Japanese language original manuscript was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). The text has subsequently been revised further by a professional copy editor in order to refine the work stylistically.
The Soft Drinks Companion: A Technical Handbook for the Beverage Industry
by Maurice ShachmanThis comprehensive book presents key issues in the technology of the soft drinks industry. Employing a user-friendly format and writing style, the author draws on more than thirty-five years' hands-on experience in technical management in the soft drinks industry. The diverse subjects discussed focus on key scientific and technical issues encounter
Soft Error Reliability of VLSI Circuits: Analysis and Mitigation Techniques
by Behnam Ghavami Mohsen RajiThis book is intended for readers who are interested in the design of robust and reliable electronic digital systems. The authors cover emerging trends in design of today’s reliable electronic systems which are applicable to safety-critical applications, such as automotive or healthcare electronic systems. The emphasis is on modeling approaches and algorithms for analysis and mitigation of soft errors in nano-scale CMOS digital circuits, using techniques that are the cornerstone of Computer Aided Design (CAD) of reliable VLSI circuits. The authors introduce software tools for analysis and mitigation of soft errors in electronic systems, which can be integrated easily with design flows. In addition to discussing soft error aware analysis techniques for combinational logic, the authors also describe new soft error mitigation strategies targeting commercial digital circuits. Coverage includes novel Soft Error Rate (SER) analysis techniques such as process variation aware SER estimation and GPU accelerated SER analysis techniques, in addition to SER reduction methods such as gate sizing and logic restructuring based SER techniques.
Soft Error Reliability Using Virtual Platforms: Early Evaluation of Multicore Systems
by Felipe Rocha da Rosa Luciano Ost Ricardo ReisThis book describes the benefits and drawbacks inherent in the use of virtual platforms (VPs) to perform fast and early soft error assessment of multicore systems. The authors show that VPs provide engineers with appropriate means to investigate new and more efficient fault injection and mitigation techniques. Coverage also includes the use of machine learning techniques (e.g., linear regression) to speed-up the soft error evaluation process by pinpointing parameters (e.g., architectural) with the most substantial impact on the software stack dependability. This book provides valuable information and insight through more than 3 million individual scenarios and 2 million simulation-hours. Further, this book explores machine learning techniques usage to navigate large fault injection datasets.
Soft Errors: From Particles to Circuits (Devices, Circuits, and Systems)
by Jean-Luc Autran Daniela MunteanuSoft errors are a multifaceted issue at the crossroads of applied physics and engineering sciences. Soft errors are by nature multiscale and multiphysics problems that combine not only nuclear and semiconductor physics, material sciences, circuit design, and chip architecture and operation, but also cosmic-ray physics, natural radioactivity issues, particle detection, and related instrumentation. Soft Errors: From Particles to Circuits addresses the problem of soft errors in digital integrated circuits subjected to the terrestrial natural radiation environment—one of the most important primary limits for modern digital electronic reliability. Covering the fundamentals of soft errors as well as engineering considerations and technological aspects, this robust text: Discusses the basics of the natural radiation environment, particle interactions with matter, and soft-error mechanisms Details instrumentation developments in the fields of environment characterization, particle detection, and real-time and accelerated tests Describes the latest computational developments, modeling, and simulation strategies for the soft error-rate estimation in digital circuits Explores trends for future technological nodes and emerging devices Soft Errors: From Particles to Circuits presents the state of the art of this complex subject, providing comprehensive knowledge of the complete chain of the physics of soft errors. The book makes an ideal text for introductory graduate-level courses, offers academic researchers a specialized overview, and serves as a practical guide for semiconductor industry engineers or application engineers.
Soft Errors in Modern Electronic Systems
by Michael NicolaidisThis book provides a comprehensive presentation of the most advanced research results and technological developments enabling understanding, qualifying and mitigating the soft errors effect in advanced electronics, including the fundamental physical mechanisms of radiation induced soft errors, the various steps that lead to a system failure, the modelling and simulation of soft error at various levels (including physical, electrical, netlist, event driven, RTL, and system level modelling and simulation), hardware fault injection, accelerated radiation testing and natural environment testing, soft error oriented test structures, process-level, device-level, cell-level, circuit-level, architectural-level, software level and system level soft error mitigation techniques. The book contains a comprehensive presentation of most recent advances on understanding, qualifying and mitigating the soft error effect in advanced electronic systems, presented by academia and industry experts in reliability, fault tolerance, EDA, processor, SoC and system design, and in particular, experts from industries that have faced the soft error impact in terms of product reliability and related business issues and were in the forefront of the countermeasures taken by these companies at multiple levels in order to mitigate the soft error effects at a cost acceptable for commercial products. In a fast moving field, where the impact on ground level electronics is very recent and its severity is steadily increasing at each new process node, impacting one after another various industry sectors (as an example, the Automotive Electronics Council comes to publish qualification requirements on soft errors), research and technology developments and industrial practices have evolve very fast, outdating the most recent books edited at 2004.
Soft Ground Tunnel Design
by Benoit JonesSoft Ground Tunnel Design is a textbook that teaches the principles of tunnel and underground space design in soft ground. ‘Soft ground’ refers to soil, in contrast to rock. The book focuses on stability, prediction of ground movements, and structural design of the lining. It shows that the choice of excavation and support methods depends on ground stability, limitation of damage to the existing built environment, and health, safety and environmental considerations. Benoît Jones builds on the basic principles of soil-structure interaction, the three-dimensional effects of construction sequence, and the effects of construction on other surface or subsurface structures in steps of gradually increasing complexity. The use of worked examples throughout, and example problems at the end of each chapter, give the reader confidence to apply their knowledge. Engineers and graduate students will be able to: • understand the basis for choosing an underground construction method and/or ground improvement method • calculate heading stability • predict ground movements • understand the complex soil-structure interaction around an advancing tunnel • design tunnel linings in soft ground using a variety of methods • predict the effects of construction on the built environment and assess potential damage Benoît Jones has worked in tunnelling as a designer, contractor and academic for more than 20 years. He set up and ran the MSc Tunnelling and Underground Space course at the University of Warwick. He is now managing director of his own company, Inbye Engineering.
Soft Materials: Structure and Dynamics
by John R. Dutcher Alejandro G. MarangoniRepresenting the wide breadth academic disciplines involved in this ever-expanding area of research, this reference provides a comprehensive overview of current scientific and technological advancements in soft materials analysis and application. Documenting new and emerging challenges in this burgeoning field, Soft Materials is a unique and outsta
Soft Materials-Based Biosensing Medical Applications.
by Deepak Gupta Milan Singh Rishabha Malviya Sonali SundramThe book offers a comprehensive, interdisciplinary overview of how innovative soft materials are revolutionizing biosensing technologies, making it an essential read for anyone interested in cutting-edge advancements in biomedical research and healthcare. Soft materials include granular materials, foams, gels, polymers, surfactants, functional organics, and biological molecules. These structures can be altered by thermal or mechanical stress due to their ability to self-organize into mesoscopic physical structures. They are becoming increasingly significant as functional materials for broader applications because of their rich surface chemistry and versatile functions. A biosensor is an analytical tool for chemical compound detection that combines a biological element with a physicochemical detector. Sensitive biological components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, tissue, bacteria, and enzymes, are collected from a biomimetic element that interacts and binds with the analyte under investigation. In biosensors, soft matter may function as both a sensing and transducing component. The interplay of soft matter with biomolecular analytes results in cell signaling pathways, diagnostic tests for applications in low-resource environments, prospective drug development, molecular biodetection, chemical sensors, and biological sensors. Understanding these biomolecular interactions in the context of acute illnesses is critical for biomedical research and healthcare. This has fueled efforts to create a biosensor that is effective, low-cost, and label-free. Several approaches using soft materials to functionalize and tailor structures have greatly advanced science, including chemistry, physics, pharmaceutical science, materials science, and engineering. Soft Materials-Based Biosensing Medical Applications summarizes recent advances in soft materials with unique physicochemical properties that synergistically promote biosensing systems. Audience The book will be read by researchers, materials scientists, electronic and AI engineers, as well as pharmaceutical and biomedical professionals interested in the uses of biosensing.
Soft Materials for Functional Applications (Advanced Structured Materials #225)
by Vijay Kumar Yogendra Kumar MishraThis book highlights the fundamental and applied properties of different soft functional materials in pure and engineered forms. It presents recent developments in soft materials, such as material synthesis, properties, multicomponent materials engineering, device fabrication, experimental techniques, computational calculations, theoretical outcomes, state-of-the-art characterizations, new technologies, and evaluation of device performance. The chapters in this book are useful for researchers, professionals, policymakers, etc., who are interested and involved in exploring the scope of soft materials in future green and sustainable technologies. The book also includes state-of-the-art review chapters written by well-known specialists in the field and discusses applications in areas such as energy harvesting, soft grippers, robotics, biomimetic devices, drug delivery, surgical devices, smart packaging, and aerospace devices, including self-reporting and self-healing materials.
Soft Matter: Fundamentals and Applications
by Ashim Kumar DuttaThis book presents (1) a tour through the complex and mesmerizing world of molecular interactions without recourse to complicated theoretical derivations and (2) an attempt to close the existing academia—industry knowledge and expertise gap by providing a pathway to convert complex theories into real products that would be of use to industry and also enhance the quality of life. Various daily use products have their roots in what we know as “Soft Matter”. It caters to a wide audience that will include graduate students, researchers, product designers, and product development engineers and experts from a wide range of industries pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, paints, lubricants among others. Specifically, in one chapter entitled “Applications”, a detailed step-by-step approach has been followed to develop various products with commentaries on the various theories that are being used in its design. Last but not least, the language is kept simple and straightforward for ease of reading.
Soft-Matter Characterization
by Robert Pecora Redouane BorsaliThis 2-volume set includes extensive discussions of scattering techniques (light, neutron and X-ray) and related fluctuation and grating techniques that are at the forefront of this field. Most of the scattering techniques are Fourier space techniques. Recent advances have seen the development of powerful direct imaging methods such as atomic force microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. In addition, techniques that can be used to manipulate soft matter on the nanometer scale are also in rapid development. These include the scanning probe microscopy technique mentioned above as well as optical and magnetic tweezers.
Soft matter gradient surfaces
by Jan GenzerA comprehensive look at the latest advances in soft material gradients Tremendous progress has been made in the field of surface-bound soft material gradients in recent years, with intriguing new areas of investigation opening up and advances in bioanalytics changing the way high-throughput screening methods are used in the design and discovery of catalysts and new materials. This volume provides the first complete, up-to-date summary of the progress in this field, showing readers how to harness the powerful properties of soft matter gradients in the design and development of modern functional materials. Contributed chapters from experts in diverse fields help bridge areas of materials science, chemistry, and biomaterials, covering fabrication techniques, gradients in self-assembled monolayers, polymer gradients, dynamic gradient structures, structure and assembly, mechanical properties, sensors, biomaterial applications, protein adsorption, and organization of cells on gradient surfaces. Readers will learn how to implement the techniques described in the book in their own work, while improving efficacy and lowering research and production costs. Soft Matter Gradient Surfaces is an invaluable resource for chemists, physicists, biologists, and engineers, and anyone who would like to take advantage of these unique soft matter building blocks.
Soft Matter Nanotechnology
by Xiaodong Chen Harald FuchsUsing the well-honed tools of nanotechnology, this book presents breakthrough results in soft matter research, benefitting from the synergies between the chemistry, physics, biology, materials science, and engineering communities. The team of international authors delves beyond mere structure-making and places the emphasis firmly on imparting functionality to soft nanomaterials with a focus on devices and applications. Alongside reviewing the current level of knowledge, they also put forward novel ideas to foster research and development in such expanding fields as nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. As such, the book covers DNA-induced nanoparticle assembly, nanostructured substrates for circulating tumor cell capturing, and organic nano field effect transistors, as well as advanced dynamic gels and self-healing electronic nanodevices. With its interdisciplinary approach this book gives readers a complete picture of nanotechnology with soft matter.
Soft Matter Systems for Biomedical Applications (Springer Proceedings in Physics #266)
by Leonid Bulavin Nikolai LebovkaThis book addresses new challenges in soft matter and colloids. It presents timely reports on colloidal self-assembly, soft matters from liquid crystals, nanoparticles in liquid crystals, hydrocolloids, hybrid nanosystems, nanosuspensions, and dispersion of nanoparticles in different media, soft matter processing and modern experiments related with soft matters.
Soft Modeling in Industrial Manufacturing (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #183)
by Przemyslaw Grzegorzewski Andrzej Kochanski Janusz KacprzykThis book discusses the problems of complexity in industrial data, including the problems of data sources, causes and types of data uncertainty, and methods of data preparation for further reasoning in engineering practice. Each data source has its own specificity, and a characteristic property of industrial data is its high degree of uncertainty. The book also explores a wide spectrum of soft modeling methods with illustrations pertaining to specific cases from diverse industrial processes. In soft modeling the physical nature of phenomena may not be known and may not be taken into consideration. Soft models usually employ simplified mathematical equations derived directly from the data obtained as observations or measurements of the given system. Although soft models may not explain the nature of the phenomenon or system under study, they usually point to its significant features or properties.
Soft Nanoferrites for Biomedical and Environmental Applications
by Atul Thakur Preeti ThakurSpinel nanoferrites have emerged as an advanced class of nanostructured materials in the domains of nanoscience and technology over the past decade. This book covers the fundamentals of spinel ferrites and their applications in the health sector and the environment. It focuses on the key applications of spinel ferrites in the health sector, such as hyperthermia, cancer diagnosis/treatment, and antimicrobial activity, as well as in environmental issues like water purification, wastewater treatment, and air pollution remediation.Features Covers the classification, synthesis, properties, structures, and applications of spinel ferrites. Provides exclusive coverage of biomedical and environmental applications. Includes discussions on environmental pollution, types of pollutants, and the removal of those pollutants using spinel nanoferrites. Reviews applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment, MRI, hyperthermia, and related fields. Recommends building environmentally-friendly ferrite materials for a clean environment. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in materials science, nanotechnology, environmental science, and bioengineering.
Soft Power for the Journey: The Life of a STEM Trailblazer
by Sandra K. JohnsonThis is a story of an African American woman working at the highest levels in STEM. Dr. Sandra K. Johnson earned a Ph.D. in electrical and computer engineering from Rice University, Houston, Texas, in May 1988, the first Black woman to do so. She then became a successful global technology leader and an IBM Chief Technology Officer (CTO). The story narrates the inextricable human dimension of dealing with various personal and familial challenges that people naturally encounter—with the highs and lows, and exhilarations and disappointments. It portrays her inner strength, persistence, dedication, boldness, quiet resilience, wisdom and strong faith, this soft power she leverages throughout her life. It is a heartwarming, compelling story designed to encourage, be aspirational and awe-inspiring, and uplift the spirits of a broad and diverse readership.From tragically losing her father at the age of two, to being raised by a single mother of four children, Sandra showed promise in math and science, and discipline and unrelenting drive at a young age. Raised in the deep South, she exhibited leadership even while in kindergarten and blazed trails in leadership while in junior high and high schools. Her early education was in segregated schools, with integration coming to her hometown as she started the 5th grade. Dr. Johnson’s innate abilities led her to a summer engineering program for high school students, then on to college and graduate school.Dr. Johnson has made innovative contributions in high performance computing – supercomputers – and other areas of computer engineering. She has dozens of technical publications, over 45 pending and issued patents, and a plethora of recognition and honors in her field. The book is a fascinating and intriguing story that conveys in captivating and relatable ways the remarkable life arc of a resilient person from an underprivileged background who persistently overcomes whatever odds and challenges are encountered in her life. It is a riveting human tale of a triumphant spirit, moving forward with soft power to celebrate achievement and handle obstacles with steel willpower, influential support, and faith.Access the authors' webpage here https://softpowerforthejourney.com/
The Soft Power of Construction Contracting Organisations (Spon Research)
by Peter Wong Sai Cheung Tak YiuAcross the AEC industry, the non-technical skills possessed by organisations are key to their overall performance. In this study, the particular importance of optimising the so-called "soft power" of organisations, is addressed. Things like organisational culture, responsible corporate behaviour, and building trust-based relationships with other stake-holders are seen as facets of a broader organisational capability, and the advantages of this strength are also explored. The internationally conducted research behind this book will provide readers with new insights into effective management, from both inter and intra organisational perspectives. This unique and important book is essential reading for researchers and advanced students of construction management.
Soft Robotics
by Matthew Borgatti Kari LoveSoft robotics is an emerging field that approaches robots in new ways, enabling them to operate in environments that are unstructured or unstable and to perform tasks that require delicacy and malleability. It's all about engineering with soft materials -- silicone, cloth, balloons, flexible plastics -- and combining them in different ways to come up with novel, approachable, and surprising solutions to interesting problems. This book introduces soft-robotics concepts to students, inventors, and makers with easy-to-understand explanations and hands-on DIY projects. The projects use a wide range of tools and techniques -- including microcontrollers, 3D printing, laser cutting, mold making, casting, and heat sealing -- to create intriguing soft robots and devices. It is tinkering at its finest! Code samples can be found at github.com/gianteye/makesoftrobots.World's first DIY project book on soft roboticsWritten by designers working on the forefront of the fieldApproaches projects from simple introductions to more complex designs that build on what you knowExplore robotics using novel materials and techniques you can apply to challenges far outside of roboticsSoft robotics DIY projects that are relatively affordable, accessible and achievable.Explore and build creations from the brand new emerging field of roboticsProvides context on the field of soft robotics alongside hands-on learningTeaches skills frequently overlookedProjects that are aesthetically appealing and novelForeword by Chris Atkeson, whose research directly inspired the design of Big Hero 6's Baymax
Soft Robotics: Trends, Applications and Challenges
by Cecilia Laschi Jonathan Rossiter Fumiya Iida Matteo Cianchetti Laura MargheriThis book offers a comprehensive, timely snapshot of current research, technologies and applications of soft robotics. The different chapters, written by international experts across multiple fields of soft robotics, cover innovative systems and technologies for soft robot legged locomotion, soft robot manipulation, underwater soft robotics, biomimetic soft robotic platforms, plant-inspired soft robots, flying soft robots, soft robotics in surgery, as well as methods for their modeling and control. Based on the results of the second edition of the Soft Robotics Week, held on April 25 30, 2016, in Livorno, Italy, the book reports on the major research lines and novel technologies presented and discussed during the event. "
Soft Sets: Theory and Applications (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing #400)
by Sunil Jacob JohnThis book offers a self-contained guide to the theory and main applications of soft sets. It introduces readers to the basic concepts, the algebraic and topological structures, as well as hybrid structures, such as fuzzy soft sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets. The last part of the book explores a range of interesting applications in the fields of decision-making, pattern recognition, and data science. All in all, the book provides graduate students and researchers in mathematics and various applied science fields with a comprehensive and timely reference guide to soft sets.
Soft Soil Engineering
by C.F. Lee, C.K. Lau, C.W.W. Ng, A.K. Kwong, P.L.R. Pang, J.-H. Yin & Z.Q. YueThis volume contains seven keynote lectures and over 100 technical contributions by scientists, researchers, engineers and students from more than 25 countries and regions worldwide on the subject of soft soil engineering.
Soft-Switching PWM Full-Bridge Converters: Topologies, Control, and Design
by Xinbo RuanSoft-switching PWM full-bridge converters have been widely used in medium-to-high power dc-dc conversions for topological simplicity, easy control and high efficiency. Early works on soft-switching PWM full-bridge converter by many researchers included various topologies and modulation strategies. However, these works were scattered, and the relationship among these topologies and modulation strategies had not been revealed. This book intends to describe systematically the soft-switching techniques for pulse-width modulation (PWM) full-bridge converters, including the topologies, control and design, and it reveals the relationship among the various topologies and PWM strategies previously proposed by other researchers. The book not only presents theoretical analysis, but also gives many detailed design examples of the converters.
Soft Target Protection: Theoretical Basis and Practical Measures (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security)
by Ladislav Hofreiter Viacheslav Berezutskyi Lucia Figuli Zuzana ZvakováThis proceedings volume includes articles presented during the Advanced Research Workshop on Soft Target Protection. The book presents important topics related to the protection of vulnerable objects and spaces, called Soft Targets. The chapters published in this book are thematically assigned to the blocks as follows: Theoretical aspect of soft target protection; Blast resistance of soft targets; Counter terrorism; Technical and technological solutions for soft target protection; Scheme and organizational measures; Blast protection and Forces for soft target protection. In this book, the reader will find a wealth of information about the theoretical background for designing protection of soft targets, as well as the specifics of protecting objects in armed conflict areas. New methods and procedures applicable to the soft target protection are described.