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Soil Spectral Inference with R: Analysing Digital Soil Spectra using the R Programming Environment (Progress in Soil Science)
by Alexandre M.J.-C. Wadoux Brendan Malone Budiman Minasny Mario Fajardo Alex B. McBratneyThis book provides a didactic overview of techniques for inferring information from soil spectroscopic data, and the codes in the R programming language for performing such analyses. It is intended for students, researchers and practitioners looking to infer soil information from spectroscopic data, focusing mainly on, but not restricted to, the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Little prior knowledge of the R programming language or digital soil spectra is required. We work through the steps to process spectroscopic data systematically.
Soil-Steel Bridges: Design, Maintenance and Durability (Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering #49)
by Damian BebenThe primary objective of this book is to provide designers with a set of analysis and design specifications for soil-steel bridges and culverts, also called flexible structures. Brief but informative, this guide is based on a quick look up approach to code applications, design and analysis methods/calculations as well as applications and solved examples. The book addresses the unique aspects of soil-steel bridges: design and analysis as well as examples of applications, numerical analysis and modeling techniques, corrosion and durability problems, service life and maintenance, and impact of moving loads.
Soil Strength and Slope Stability
by J. Michael Duncan Stephen G. Wright Thomas L. BrandonThe definitive guide to the critical issue of slope stability and safety Soil Strength and Slope Stability, Second Edition presents the latest thinking and techniques in the assessment of natural and man-made slopes, and the factors that cause them to survive or crumble. Using clear, concise language and practical examples, the book explains the practical aspects of geotechnical engineering as applied to slopes and embankments. The new second edition includes a thorough discussion on the use of analysis software, providing the background to understand what the software is doing, along with several methods of manual analysis that allow readers to verify software results. The book also includes a new case study about Hurricane Katrina failures at 17th Street and London Avenue Canal, plus additional case studies that frame the principles and techniques described. Slope stability is a critical element of geotechnical engineering, involved in virtually every civil engineering project, especially highway development. Soil Strength and Slope Stability fills the gap in industry literature by providing practical information on the subject without including extraneous theory that may distract from the application. This balanced approach provides clear guidance for professionals in the field, while remaining comprehensive enough for use as a graduate-level text. Topics include: Mechanics of soil and limit equilibrium procedures Analyzing slope stability, rapid drawdown, and partial consolidation Safety, reliability, and stability analyses Reinforced slopes, stabilization, and repair The book also describes examples and causes of slope failure and stability conditions for analysis, and includes an appendix of slope stability charts. Given how vital slope stability is to public safety, a comprehensive resource for analysis and practical action is a valuable tool. Soil Strength and Slope Stability is the definitive guide to the subject, proving useful both in the classroom and in the field.
Soil-Structure Interaction: Numerical Analysis and Modelling
by John W. BullThis book describes how a number of different methods of analysis and modelling, including the boundary element method, the finite element method, and a range of classical methods, are used to answer some of the questions associated with soil-structure interaction.
Soil Testing, Soil Stability and Ground Improvement: Proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition, Egypt 2017 on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures (Sustainable Civil Infrastructures)
by Wissem Frikha Serge Varaksin Antonio Viana da FonsecaEarthwork projects are critical components in civil construction and often require detailed management techniques and unique solution methods to address failures. Being earth bound, earthwork is influenced by geomaterial properties at the onset of a project. Hence, an understanding of the in-situ soil properties is essential. Slope stability is a common problem facing earthwork construction, such as excavations and shored structures. Analytical methods for slope stability remain critical for researchers due to the mechanical complexity of the system. Striving for better earthwork project managements, the geotechnical engineering community continues to find improved testing techniques for determining sensitive properties of soil and rock, including stress-wave based, non-destructive testing methods. To minimize failure during earthwork construction, past case studies and data may reveal useful lessons and information to improve project management and minimize economic losses. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.
Soil Tillage in Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology)
by Adel El TitiBuilding on our knowledge of soil ecology under natural, undisturbed conditions, Soil Tillage in Agroecosystems focuses on how cultivation affects soil and the soil environment. In particular, it highlights how methods of soil tillage can influence soil structure, soil chemical processes, soil borne pathogens, and pest species. Covering the aspects of soil tillage on different taxa, the book concludes with a synthesis of the role of soil tillage in securing a sustainable agricultural environment. It provides the scientific basis for choosing different tillage options to achieve the best possible sustainable base for long-lasting agricultural production.
Soil to Foil: Aluminum and the Quest for Industrial Sustainability
by Saleem AliAluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust. It is also ubiquitous in the modern world, from aircraft to soda cans. A dizzying number of consumer and industrial products employ aluminum, typically alloyed, because of its availability, versatility, and malleability. Today, how efficiently we use—and reuse—aluminum is vital to addressing key environmental challenges and understanding humanity’s fraught relationship with the earth.Soil to Foil tells the extraordinary story of aluminum. Saleem H. Ali reveals its pivotal role in the histories of scientific inquiry and technological innovation as well as its importance to sustainability. He offers compelling portraits of the scientists and innovators who discovered new uses for this remarkable element, ranging from chemistry and geoscience to engineering and industrial design. Ali argues that aluminum exemplifies broader lessons about stewardship of nonrenewable resources: its seeming abundance has given rise to wasteful and destructive practices. Soil to Foil follows aluminum’s path along the supply chain, from extraction to production, consumption to recycling. Ali explores the ecological damage at mine sites and visits affected communities seeking to restore the land. He foregrounds the possibilities for more sustainable industrial practices, emphasizing how product design can incorporate eventual reuse and recycling. Ultimately, Soil to Foil shows that the story of aluminum’s use and misuse helps us rethink how to sustainably manage the resources of our planet.
The Soil Underfoot: Infinite Possibilities for a Finite Resource
by G. Jock Churchman Edward R. LandaThe largest part of the world's food comes from its soils, either directly from plants, or via animals fed on pastures and crops. Thus, it is necessary to maintain, and if possible, improve the quality-and hence good health-of soils, while enabling them to support the growing world population. The Soil Underfoot: Infinite Possibilities for a Finite
Soil Vapor Extraction Using Radio Frequency Heating: Resource Manual and Technology Demonstration
by Donald F. Lowe Carroll L. Oubre C. H. WardOne of the most widely used techniques for treating soils contaminated with volatile organic compounds, soil vapor extraction (SVE) can also be applied to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) if the soil is heated, by applying electromagnetic energy in the radio frequency (FR) range, to increase the vapor pressure of the contaminants. Although RF-SVE systems used in previous field demonstrations have had varying degrees of success, questions remain concerning its viability and cost-effectiveness.Soil Vapor Extraction Using Radio Frequency Heating: Resource Manual and Technology Demonstration covers detailed scientific and engineering information that answers these questions. The book includes the necessary databases, equations, and example calculations for RF heating. The theoretical and practical information included will facilitate future testing of RF-SVE treatment of soils. Additionally, the book provides information for a full-scale engineering design of potential RF-SVE applications. The authors use this information to examine predicted performance, magnitude of costs, and modifications to the design that may decrease cost. Soil Vapor Extraction Using Radio Frequency Heating: Resource Manual and Technology Demonstration gives an economic analysis of this innovative technology and considers other possible applications for it.Features
Soil-Water, Agriculture, and Climate Change: Exploring Linkages (Water Science and Technology Library #113)
by Swatantra Kumar Dubey Prakash Kumar Jha Pankaj Kumar Gupta Aliva Nanda Vivek GuptaThis book presents an exploration of linkages among soil-water, agriculture, and climate change with a special focus on thematic areas for assessment, mitigation, and management of natural resources under climate change conditions. This book covers advances in modelling approaches, including machine learning (ML)/ artificial intelligence (AI) applications; GIS and remote sensing; sensors; impacts of climate change on agriculture; subsurface water; contaminants; and socio-economic impacts, which are lacking in a more comprehensive manner in the previous titles. This book encompasses updated information as well as future directions for researchers working in the field of management of natural resources. The goal of this book is to provide scientific evidence to researchers and policymakers and end-to-end value chain practitioners which may help in reducing the overall adverse impacts of climate change on water resources and the related mitigation strategies. This book focuses on the knowledge, modern tools, and techniques, i.e., machine learning, artificial intelligence, etc. for soil-water, agriculture, and climate change. Further, nature-based solutions for management of natural resources with special targets on contaminants, extreme events, disturbances, etc. will be targeted. The book provides readers with the enhanced knowledge for application of engineering principles and economic and regulatory constraints to determine a soil-water, agriculture production action strategy, and select appropriate technologies to implement the strategy for a given data set at a site. It would also cover the application of laboratory, modeling, numerical methods for determination and forecasting of climate change impacts, agriculture production, pollution, soil health, etc. Overall, it provides hydrologists, environmental engineers, administrators, policy makers, consultants, and industrial experts with essential support in effective management of soils health, agricultural productions, and mitigation of extreme climatic events.
Soil Water and Agronomic Productivity (Advances in Soil Science)
by Rattan Lal B. A. StewartCrop water use can be increased by management of surface runoff, groundwater, irrigation, and soil water. Technological innovations to enhance availability of water for agricultural crops depend on soil and site-specific conditions. Devoted to the principles and practices of enhancing water use efficiency, Soil Water and Agronomic Productivity addr
Soil Water and Ground Water Sampling
by Neal WilsonThe most recent "comprehensive" book on the subject of ground water sampling was written by Dr. Barcelona in 1986 and is still being sold today. It does not, however, include soil water sampling and analytic techniques. A considerable amount of research has since been undertaken dealing with ground water sampling equipment and techniques, making an up-to-date text a valuable commodity. The scope and detail of this book is much broader and more inclusive than previous efforts on the subject, and it provides the latest results of research in the field.The book presents a comprehensive introduction to ground water monitoring, placing monitoring in context with respective regulatory programs. It offers a unique, detailed description of the installation and operation of soil water samplers (pressure-vacuum and zero tension). It provides the most comprehensive, step-by-step guidance on monitoring well installation. The discussion of field instrumentation includes theory and operation of equipment used for obtaining static water levels, temperature, redox, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, turbidity, and alkalinity. Equipment and techniques used to obtain ground water samples are described, and several valuable checklists are included. Quality assurance and control (QA/QC) are addressed in terms that can be easily comprehended and utilized. The book also provides an excellent introduction on how ground water samples are prepared and analyzed in a laboratory.It is difficult to overestimate the quality and utility of this book. More than 46 photographs, an abundance of tables and diagrams, and a well-written style make even the most complex topic understandable. This extremely practical book should serve as the standard for ensuring ground water data reliability and comparability.
Soil Water Deficit and Physiological Issues in Plants
by Amitav BhattacharyaThis book explores the impact of soil water deficiency on various aspects of physiological processes in plants. The book explains the effects under soil water deficit condition such as lowering of plant water content, disturbance in carbon metabolism such in photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration as well as effects of soil water deficit on nitrogen metabolism. The book also educates the readers about, mineral nutrition under soil water deficit condition and roles of different nutrient to overcome water deficit. Changes in growth and development pattern of plant under soil water deficit condition and effects on growth and development are elaborated. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, scientists in botany and agriculture. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists, policy makers will also find this to be a useful read.The in depth description of the major physiological issues in plants under soil water deficit that are presented in this book will help breeders tailoring crops for desirable physiological survival traits in the face of increasing soil water deficit. This book is an impactful addition to the library of any faculty members, researchers, agricultural policy planner, post graduate or student studying in plant physiology, biochemistry, microbiology and other subjects related to crop husbandry.
Soil-Water Interactions: Mechanisms Applications, Second Edition, Revised Expanded (Books In Soils, Plants And The Environment #Vol. 14)
by Shingo IwataEmphasizing pioneering achievements, this work offers a clear and systematic description of various soil-water phenomena and their applications to soil problems such as water retention and the flux of water in soils and clays. This second edition contains material on the physical properties of adsorbed water, the application of fractal theory to solute and water flows in field soils, fingering research, and more.
Soil, Water Pollution and Mitigation Strategies: A Spatial Approach (Environmental Science and Engineering)
by Partha Pratim Adhikary Pravat Kumar Shit Jayasree LahaDive into the dynamic world of environmental stewardship with "Soil, Water Pollution, and Mitigation Strategies: A Spatial Approach." This meticulously crafted volume offers a comprehensive journey through the measurement, monitoring, mapping, and modelling of soil and water pollution, coupled with innovative mitigation strategies. Discover cutting-edge techniques rooted in modern geospatial methodologies, with a sharp focus on the latest trends in data mining and robust modelling. As our planet grapples with the consequences of anthropogenic activities, such as indiscriminate chemical usage in agriculture, the need for precise quantification and risk assessment has never been more urgent. This book serves as a beacon, illuminating the path toward sustainable management of soil and water resources through the lens of geospatial technology. Explore a myriad of critical topics, including soil microbiology, salinity, pollution from industrial sources, heavy metals, and the pervasive impact of agricultural practices. Delve into environmental risk assessment, sustainable land use, and innovative remediation techniques, such as harnessing the power of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and embracing organic fertilizers. Written for researchers, professionals, and policymakers alike, this book offers invaluable insights into the complex interplay between human activity and environmental health. Organized into two parts (I) Soil Contaminants, Risk Assessment, and Mitigation, and (II) Water Contaminants, Risk Assessment, and Mitigation—it provides a structured approach to understanding and addressing environmental challenges. Each chapter serves as a portal to a deeper understanding of the issues at hand, presenting a synthesis of current research, identifying future directions, and offering pragmatic solutions. This book promises to enrich the understanding of environmental science and empower the reader with the knowledge and skills needed to effect positive change. Designed to cater to a diverse audience—from students and researchers in environmental sciences to policymakers, NGOs, and corporate stakeholders—this book is a testament to the collaborative effort required to safeguard our planet's precious resources. This is a transformative journey toward a more sustainable future—one informed by science, guided by innovation, and driven by a shared commitment to environmental stewardship.
Soil-Water-Solute Process Characterization: An Integrated Approach
by Javier Álvarez-Benedí Rafael Muñoz-CarpenaThe practitioner or researcher often faces complex alternatives when selecting a method to characterize properties governing a soil process. After years of research and development, environmental and agricultural professionals now have an array of methods for characterizing soil processes. Well-established methods, however, may not be suitable for
The Soil Will Save Us: How Scientists, Farmers, and Foodies Are Healing the Soil to Save the Planet
by Kristin OhlsonThousands of years of poor farming and ranching practices—and, especially, modern industrial agriculture—have led to the loss of up to 80 percent of carbon from the world's soils. That carbon is now floating in the atmosphere, and even if we stopped using fossil fuels today, it would continue warming the planet. In The Soil Will Save Us, journalist and bestselling author Kristin Ohlson makes an elegantly argued, passionate case for "our great green hope"—a way in which we can not only heal the land but also turn atmospheric carbon into beneficial soil carbon—and potentially reverse global warming.As the granddaughter of farmers and the daughter of avid gardeners, Ohlson has long had an appreciation for the soil. A chance conversation with a local chef led her to the crossroads of science, farming, food, and environmentalism and the discovery of the only significant way to remove carbon dioxide from the air—an ecological approach that tends not only to plants and animals but also to the vast population of underground microorganisms that fix carbon in the soil. Ohlson introduces the visionaries—scientists, farmers, ranchers, and landscapers—who are figuring out in the lab and on the ground how to build healthy soil, which solves myriad problems: drought, erosion, air and water pollution, and food quality, as well as climate change. Her discoveries and vivid storytelling will revolutionize the way we think about our food, our landscapes, our plants, and our relationship to Earth.
Soilborne Microbial Plant Pathogens and Disease Management, Volume One: Nature and Biology
by P. NarayanasamySoilborne microbial plant pathogens including oomycetes, fungi, bacteria and viruses cause several economically important destructive diseases and the symptoms of infection can be recognized only after the pathogen has invaded many tissues primarily vascular tissues of susceptible plants. This condition places formidable challenges in investigating different aspects of host-microbial pathogen interactions. Early detection of infection and precise identification, differentiation, and quantification of the microbial plant pathogens in plants, soil and water sources are essential requirements for development of effective tactics to reduce the incidence and spread of the diseases caused by them. As the microbial plant pathogens differ in their virulence and sensitivity to the environment and chemicals applied, it is imperative to assess the extent of variability in the concerned pathogens. This first volume of a two-volume set introduces disease-causing microorganisms including oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses found in soils. It focuses on the biology, detection, and identification of soilborne bacterial, fungal, and viral plant pathogens. This volume discusses various techniques based on biological, immunological and genetic properties of the pathogens indicating their advantages and limitations for selecting the appropriate technique to fulfill the requirements. Features: Presents techniques useful for detection, identification, quantification of microbial plant pathogens in plants, soil, and irrigation water from waterbodies. Highlights subversive activities of viruses, resulting in the breakdown of host defense systems. Discusses RNA silencing in infected plants by viruses and posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) functioning as an endogenous mechanism in plants against virus infection. Presents information on methods of assessment of genetic variability and sensitivity of microbial plant pathogens to chemicals and adverse environmental conditions.
Soilborne Microbial Plant Pathogens and Disease Management, Volume Two: Management of Crop Diseases
by P. NarayanasamyCrop disease management strategies revolve around the principles of exclusion, eradication and immunization. Cultural practices are aimed at preventing or reducing the accumulation of pathogen population (inoculum). Development of cultivars with genetic resistance by transgressing resistance gene(s) through traditional breeding procedures or biotechnological techniques is the most effective and acceptable strategy, as it is environment-friendly and does not need any additional cost to the grower. Assessment of different grades of resistance of cultivars or genotypes to soilborne microbial pathogens has been possible by quantifying pathogen populations or their DNA contents in the test plants by applying biological and molecular methods. This second volume of a two-volume set focuses on the soilborne microbial plant pathogens and the diseases caused by them. The book provides information on ecology and epidemiology of soilborne microbial plant pathogens and various strategies applicable for effective management of diseases. Chapters cover exclusion and prevention strategies; improvement of host plant resistance; biological management; application of chemicals; and integration of these disease management strategies. Features Discusses various aspects of soilborne microbial plant pathogens to develop effective methods of managing diseases. Presents information on epidemiology and ecology of soilborne microbial plant pathogens. Facilitates the application of management strategies alone or in combination with others for effective suppression of disease development. Features information on application of biotic and abiotic biological control agents (BCAs) to suppress pathogen development either by directly acting on the pathogen(s) or indirectly by enhancing host resistance to the pathogens. Employs biotic and abiotic biocontrol agents either to replace or reduce the use of chemicals is an achievable approach for managing the soilborne microbial pathogens.
The Soiling and Cleaning of Building Facades
by L.G.W. VerhoefThe report of a comprehensive investigation by RILEM which examines all aspects of the cleaning of facades, subject to soiling by both biological and non-biological agencies. The contributors are international authorities working in this field giving essential advice to all those who need to know how to approach the problems connected with the soiling and cleaning of building facades.
Soils: Principles, Properties and Management
by Khan Towhid OsmanAimed at taking the mystery out of soil science, Soils: Principles, Properties and Management is a text for undergraduate/graduate students who study soil as a natural resource. Written in a reader-friendly style, with a host of examples, figures and tables, the book leads the reader from the basics of soil science through to complex situations, covering such topics as: the origin, development and classification of soil physical, chemical and biological properties of soil water and nutrient management management of problem soils, wetland soils and forest soils soil degradation Further, the ecological and agrological functions of soil are emphasized in the context of food security, biodiversity and climate change. The interactions between the environment and soil management are highlighted. Soil is viewed as an ecosystem itself and as a part of larger terrestrial ecosystems.
Soils: A New Global View
by Thomas Ronal PatonOffers a perspective on soils as earth materials, which establishes a pedological hierarchy of materials, processes and factors, and their rationalization in terms of plate tectonics. The book should interest soil and earth scientists.
Soils: Genesis and Geomorphology
by Randall J Schaetzl Sharon AndersonSoils: Genesis and Geomorphology is a comprehensive and accessible textbook on all aspects of soils. The book's introductory chapters on soil morphology, physics, mineralogy and organisms prepare the reader for the more advanced and thorough treatment that follows. Theory and processes of soil genesis and geomorphology form the backbone of the book, rather than the emphasis on soil classification that permeates other less imaginative soils textbooks. This refreshingly readable text takes a truly global perspective, with many examples from around the world sprinkled throughout. Replete with hundreds of high quality figures and a large glossary, this book will be invaluable for anyone studying soils, landforms and landscape change. Soils: Genesis and Geomorphology is an ideal textbook for mid- to upper-level undergraduate and graduate level courses in soils, pedology and geomorphology. It will also be an invaluable reference text for researchers.
Soils
by Randall J. Schaetzl Michael L. ThompsonSoils: Genesis and Geomorphology is a comprehensive and accessible textbook on all aspects of soils. The book's introductory chapters on soil morphology, physics, mineralogy and organisms prepare the reader for the more advanced and thorough treatment that follows. Theory and processes of soil genesis and geomorphology form the backbone of the book, rather than the emphasis on soil classification that permeates other less imaginative soils textbooks. This refreshingly readable text takes a truly global perspective, with many examples from around the world sprinkled throughout. Replete with hundreds of high quality figures and a large glossary, this book will be invaluable for anyone studying soils, landforms and landscape change. Soils: Genesis and Geomorphology is an ideal textbook for mid- to upper-level undergraduate and graduate level courses in soils, pedology and geomorphology. It will also be an invaluable reference text for researchers.
Soils and Environmental Quality
by Gary M. Pierzynski George F. Vance J. Thomas SimsA perpetual bestseller, this third edition explores environmental quality from the perspective of soil science. The coverage ranges from the theoretical to the practical with an abundance of examples such as an exploration of allowable pesticide concentrations in drinking water and an inquiry into soil contamination from the trace elements in organic by-products. It also explores the use of soil carbon sequestration as a remedy for global climate change and the effects of acid precipitation on forestation. Case studies with political, economic, and legal implications illustrate the human side of environmental problems. Also covered is the use or misuse of the Scientific Method and the potential for factual bias.The three authors, all teaching professors distinguished in soil science, have updated this student favorite to include a greater number of even more relevant topics. Responding to reques