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Tribology in Sustainable Composites
by Jitendra Kumar Katiyar Mohammed Abdul SamadTribological performance of sustainable composites depend upon external parameters such as interface and environmental temperature, contact pressure and behavior of contact materials at interface and so forth. This book covers sustainable composites and bio- composites in terms of proper selection of reinforcements, methods to improve the thermal and mechanical properties, techniques for uniform dispersion of the reinforcements and their tribological performance. Also, it details the testing and damage characterization methods of these sustainable composites. Features: 1. Presents fundamental knowledge of sustainable composites, including chemical composition, structural features and fabrication techniques. 2. Provides an analytical overview of the different types of characterization techniques and tribological methods. 3. Provides an extensive review on bio- composite properties and their tribological performance for biomedical application. 4. Contains extensive reviews on cutting- edge research on lightweight materials for future applications in a variety of industries and their tribological performance. 5. Provides the application of sustainable composites in various fields such as aerospace, automobile, medical etc. This book is aimed for Researchers, Professionals and Graduate students of Tribology, Composites, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Engineering.
Tribology in Sustainable Manufacturing (Manufacturing Design and Technology)
by Jitendra Kumar Katiyar T. V. V. L. N. Rao Ahmad Majdi Abdul Rani Mohd Hafis Sulaiman J. Paulo DavimTribology in Sustainable Manufacturing compiles the fundamentals of friction in manufacturing processes and the application of tribology in advanced manufacturing. Covering topics such as 3D printing, green lubrication, laser sintering and Industry 4.0, the book enables cost-effective and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes. In an effort to reduce energy consumption, production time and costs, while simultaneously improving plant productivity, sustainable tribology plays a key role in modern manufacturing processes. With a focus on broadening the application of tribology in sustainable manufacturing, the book integrates cutting edge research from international contributors. Topics included involve machine learning, micro-machining, friction stir welding and metal forming. It also discusses the tribological properties of advanced materials and coatings, and how to model tribology in manufacturing processes. This book will be of interest to engineers and students in the fields of machining, tribology, additive manufacturing, surface engineering and coating.
Tribology of Ceramics and Composites: A Materials Science Perspective
by Bikramjit Basu Mitjan KalinThis book helps students and practicing scientists alike understand that a comprehensive knowledge about the friction and wear properties of advanced materials is essential to further design and development of new materials. With important introductory chapters on the fundamentals, processing, and applications of tribology, the book then examines in detail the nature and properties of materials, the friction and wear of structural ceramics, bioceramics, biocomposites, and nanoceramics, as well as lightweight composites and the friction and wear of ceramics in a cryogenic environment.
Tribology of Elastomers (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Ferial Hakami Alokesh Pramanik Animesh Kumar BasakThis book highlights the tribological behavior of elastomers by investigating the effect of operating variables such as, the applied load and the abrasive particle size, and the materials’ mechanical properties such as, tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, and tear strength by the experimental, statistical and analytical methods. It is found that the wear mechanism is mostly friction wear, which is mixed with fatigue wear and abrading under higher applied loads or larger abrasives. The statistical method shows that the abrasive particle size has the highest contribution followed by the applied load on the wear process. Wear equation is developed to predict the wear rate considering the trends of the input variables.
Tribology of Interface Layers
by Hooshang HeshmatTo this point, the field of lubrication has been conceptualized using several noncontiguous modes of operation- boundary, fluid-film, and dry and solid lubrication. Engineers and analysts have long had to deal with old evidence that many tribological devices, such as flat surface and centrally pivoted sliders, can act as viable bearings- contradict
Tribology of Nanocomposites
by Paulo Davim JThis book provides recent information on nanocomposites tribology. Chapter 1 provides information on tribology of bulk polymer nanocomposites and nanocomposite coatings. Chapter 2 is dedicated to nano and micro PTFE for surface lubrication of carbon fabric reinforced polyethersulphone composites. Chapter 3 describes Tribology of MoS2 -based nanocomposites. Chapter 4 contains information on friction and wear of Al2O2 -based composites with dispersed and agglomerated nanoparticles. Finally, chapter 5 is dedicated to wear of multi-scale phase reinforced composites. It is a useful reference for academics, materials and physics researchers, materials, mechanical and manufacturing engineers, both as final undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It is a useful reference for academics, materials and physics researchers, materials, mechanical and manufacturing engineers, both as final undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
Tribology of Polymer and Polymer Composites for Industry 4.0 (Composites Science and Technology)
by Hemalata Jena Jitendra Kumar Katiyar Amar PatnaikThis book first introduces polymers and polymer composites which are widely used in different industrial and engineering applications where the proper selection of fiber, filler, and polymer can be tailored for particular application. The primary objective of this book is to broaden the knowledge of tribology of polymer composites in a new dimension for Industry 4.0. For instance, the book covers polymer composites used as self-lubricating material used in the automotive industry and other manufacturing equipment to reduce the effect of energy loss due to friction and wear. This book is of interest to researchers and industrial practitioners who work in the field of tribology of polymer composites, manufacturing equipment and production engineering.
Triboluminescence
by David O. Olawale Okenwa O. I. Okoli Ross S. Fontenot William A. HollermanThis book expounds on progress made over the last 35 years in the theory, synthesis, and application of triboluminescence for creating smart structures. It presents in detail the research into utilization of the triboluminescent properties of certain crystals as new sensor systems for smart engineering structures, as well as triboluminescence-based sensor systems that have the potential to enable wireless, in-situ, real time and distributed (WIRD) structural health monitoring of composite structures. The sensor component of any structural health monitoring (SHM) technology -- measures the effects of the external load/event and provides the necessary inputs for appropriate preventive/corrective action to be taken in a smart structure -- sits at the heart of such a system. This volume explores advances in materials properties and structural behavior underlying creation of smart composite structures and sensor systems for structural health monitoring of critical engineering structures, such as bridges, aircrafts, and wind blades.
Tribosystem Analysis: A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis of Wear Problems
by Peter J. BlauTribosystem Analysis: A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis of Wear Problems provides a systematic framework for conducting root cause analyses and categorizing various types of wear. Designed specifically for engineers without formal training in tribology, this book: Describes a number of direct and indirect methods for detecting and quantifying wear problems Surveys different microscopy techniques, including those for light optics, electron optics, and acoustic imaging Discusses the selection of wear and friction test methods, both standard and custom, identifying possible pitfalls for misuse Presents practical examples involving complex materials and environments, such as those with variable loads and operating conditions Uses universally accepted terminology to create consistency along with the potential to recognize similar problems and apply comparable solutions Complete with checklists to ensure the right questions are asked during diagnosis, Tribosystem Analysis: A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis of Wear Problems offers pragmatic guidance for defining wear problems in the context of the materials and their surroundings.
Trichoderma: Biology and Applications
by Lea Atanasova Bryan A Bailey Scott E Baker Yariv Brotman Sergio Casas-Flores Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo Irina S Druzhinina Fabian Glaser Rita Gorsche Oliver Grovel Lorant Hatvani Alfredo Herrera-Estrella B A Horwitz Walter M Jaklitsch Sue Karagiosis Charles M Kenerley Idit Kosti Laszlo Kredics Svetlana Kryštofová David Laughlin Jose Lopez-Bucio Astrid R Mach-Aigner Robert L Mach R L Melnick Laszlo Manczinger Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza Mala Mukherjee Prasun K Mukherjee Randy Ortiz-Castro Yves Francois Pouchus Catherine Roullier Nicolas Ruiz Karina Petit Monika Schmoll Claire Sallenave-Namont Rainer Schuhmacher Matthias G Steiger Martin Simkovic U S Singh Alison Stewart Johanna Steyaert Csaba Vagvolgyi Walter A Vargas Ludovit Varecka Richard J Weld Najam S Zaidi Susanne ZeilingerTrichoderma spp. are biotechnologically significant fungi, being widely used both in agriculture and industry. These microbes are also a potential drug source of clinical importance. In recent years, driven by advances in genetics and genomics, research on these fungi have opened new avenues for its varied applications. Divided into three sections, covering taxonomy and physiology, interactions with plants and applications and significance, this book also discusses topics that have seen rapid developments in the recent years. Various aspects of Trichoderma like molecular taxonomy, sexual and asexual developments, secondary metabolism, beneficial interactions with plants, applications as cell factories and harmful interactions with humans are discussed. This book, thus, hopes to be an essential ready reference for researchers, students and people form industry as well.
Trichoderma
by Claire Sallenave-Namont Idit Kosti Richard J Weld Fabian Glaser Yves Francois Pouchus Walter M Jaklitsch Csaba Vagvolgyi Charles M Kenerley Astrid R Mach-Aigner Lea Atanasova David Laughlin Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo Yariv Brotman Nicolas Ruiz Rainer Schuhmacher Laszlo Manczinger Catherine Roullier B A Horwitz Susanne Zeilinger Rita Gorsche Karina Petit R L Melnick Johanna M Steyaert Sue Karagiosis Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza Mala Mukherjee Sergio Casas-Flores Bryan A Bailey U S Singh Najam S Zaidi Ludovit Varecka Walter A Vargas Matthias G Steiger Robert L Mach Jose Lopez-Bucio Randy Ortiz-Castro Oliver Grovel Monika Schmoll Laszlo Kredics Prasun K Mukherjee Svetlana Kryštofová Martin Simkovic Lorant Hatvani Alison Stewart Irina S Druzhinina Scott E Baker Alfredo Herrera-EstrellaTrichoderma spp. are biotechnologically significant fungi, being widely used both in agriculture and industry. These microbes are also a potential drug source of clinical importance. In recent years, driven by advances in genetics and genomics, research on these fungi have opened new avenues for its varied applications. Divided into three sections, covering taxonomy and physiology, interactions with plants and applications and significance, this book also discusses topics that have seen rapid developments in the recent years. Various aspects of Trichoderma like molecular taxonomy, sexual and asexual developments, secondary metabolism, beneficial interactions with plants, applications as cell factories and harmful interactions with humans are discussed. This book, thus, hopes to be an essential ready reference for researchers, students and people form industry as well.
Trichoderma: Host Pathogen Interactions and Applications (Rhizosphere Biology)
by Anil K. Sharma Pratibha SharmaThis book compiles the latest research in the area of Trichoderma Rhizosphere Biology. It covers topics such as microbial interaction, crosstalk between plants and microbes, interactions with abiotic and biotic factors, and advances in biocontrol agents, biofertilizers and biostimulants. The respective chapters describe innovative ways of adapting fungal communities to improve their survival in highly dynamic environments and agroecosystems. In closing, the book discusses the use of Trichoderma as a bio-growth enhancer and biostimulant for organic agriculture.
Trichoderma: Agricultural Applications and Beyond (Soil Biology #61)
by Chakravarthula Manoharachary Harikesh Bahadur Singh Ajit VarmaThis book gives a comprehensive overview on the various aspects of Trichoderma, a filamentous fungus ubiquitously present in soil. Topics addressed are the biology, diversity, taxonomy, ecology, biotechnology and cultivation of Trichoderma, to just name a few. Basic as well as applied aspects are covered and a special focus is given on use of Trichoderma in agriculture and beyond. Trichoderma species are widely distributed throughout the world in soil, rotting plant material, and wood. Although they are often considered as a contaminants, Trichoderma species are also known for their ability to act as biocontrol agents against various plant pathogens and plant diseases, and also as biostimulants promoting plant growth. The contents of this book will be of particular interest to, agricultural scientists, biotechnologists, plant pathologists, mycologists, and microbiologists, students, extension workers, policy makers and other stakeholders.
Trichoderma And Gliocladium, Volume 2: Enzymes, Biological Control and commercial applications
by Gary E. Harman Christian P. KubicekFungi belonging to the genera Trichoderma and Gliocladium are soil- bourne saprophytes which have been used for industrial and agricultural applications for decades. Some strains produce enzymes and antibiotics while others are useful as biological agents for the protection of plants against pathogens.
Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative
by National Academies of Sciences Engineering MedicineNanoscale science, engineering, and technology, often referred to simply as “nanotechnology,†is the understanding, characterization, and control of matter at the scale of nanometers, the dimension of atoms and molecules. Advances in nanotechnology promise new materials and structures that are the basis of solutions, for example, for improving human health, optimizing available energy and water resources, supporting a vibrant economy, raising the standard of living, and increasing national security. Established in 2001, the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a coordinated, multiagency effort with the mission to expedite the discovery, development, and deployment of nanoscale science and technology to serve the public good. This report is the latest triennial review of the NNI called for by the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003. It examines and comments on the mechanisms in use by the NNI to advance focused areas of nanotechnology towards advanced development and commercialization and on the physical and human infrastructure needs for successful realization in the United States of the benefits of nanotechnology development.
Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative
by National Materials and Manufacturing Board Committee on Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative: Phase II National Research Council Division on Engineering and Physical SciencesThe National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a multiagency, multidisciplinary federal initiative comprising a collection of research programs and other activities funded by the participating agencies and linked by the vision of "a future in which the ability to understand and control matter at the nanoscale leads to a revolution in technology and industry that benefits society." As first stated in the 2004 NNI strategic plan, the participating agencies intend to make progress in realizing that vision by working toward four goals. Planning, coordination, and management of the NNI are carried out by the interagency Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology (NSET) Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) Committee on Technology (CoT) with support from the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO). Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative is the latest National Research Council review of the NNI, an assessment called for by the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003. The overall objective of the review is to make recommendations to the NSET Subcommittee and the NNCO that will improve the NNI's value for basic and applied research and for development of applications in nanotechnology that will provide economic, societal, and national security benefits to the United States. In its assessment, the committee found it important to understand in some detail--and to describe in its report--the NNI's structure and organization; how the NNI fits within the larger federal research enterprise, as well as how it can and should be organized for management purposes; and the initiative's various stakeholders and their roles with respect to research. Because technology transfer, one of the four NNI goals, is dependent on management and coordination, the committee chose to address the topic of technology transfer last, following its discussion of definitions of success and metrics for assessing progress toward achieving the four goals and management and coordination. Addressing its tasks in this order would, the committee hoped, better reflect the logic of its approach to review of the NNI. Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative also provides concluding remarks in the last chapter.
Trillions
by Nicholas FiskTrillions were hard, bright, tiny things which suddenly arrived - millions and millions and millions of them - one windy day in a village called Harbourtown.No one could explain them, much less why they had suddenly arrived. Were they a blessing, as their beauty suggested, or a deadly, inexplicable threat? A boy with a microscope was just as likely to come up with the answer as all the acknowledged experts in any known kind of science, so somehow it seemed natural for two 'ordinary' boys, Scott and Bem, to join forces with an ex-spaceman against the frightening efforts of the ruthless General Harman to destroy the Trillions, no matter what the cost.
Trimming, Miniaturization and Ideality via Convolution Technique of TRIZ
by Saurabh Kwatra Yuri SalamatovThe book is a valuable research tool-kit for innovators, amateur & professionals alike. Additionally, College & University faculties on Engineering, who organize yearly workshops internationally will find hundreds of novel themes to choose from. Some teachers might just secretly buy this book to introduce out-of-box brain-teasers in classroom to add fizz to normal (at times boring) lecturing. The book can be used as main/add-on textbook towards following courses: (1) Master's degree programs on design innovation worldwide and (2) Senior undergraduate courses in industrial, engineering & product design.
The Trinity Paradox
by Kevin J. Anderson Doug BeasonBy Kevin J. Anderson & Doug Beason. Activist Elizabeth Devane wished for an end to nuclear weapons. Surely, she thought, if they'd known what they were unleashing, the scientists of the Manhattan Project would never have created such a terrible instrument of destruction. But during a protest action, the unthinkable happened: a flash of light, a silent confusion, and Elizabeth awakes to find herself alone in a desolate desert arroyo ... and almost fifty years in the past. June 1944. Los Alamos, New Mexico. While the Allies battle in the Pacific and begin the Normandy invasion in Europe, Nazi Germany deviates from the timeline Elizabeth knows and uses its newfound nuclear arsenal against America. Somehow, someway, Elizabeth has been given the chance to put the genie back in the bottle ... yet could she—should she—attempt the greatest sabotage in history?
A Trip into Space
by Lori Haskins Houran Francisca MarquezA lively, rhythmical story and detailed illustrations take readers on a trip to the International Space Station, where astronauts work, sleep, and walk in space! This great read-aloud includes the latest information (verified by NASA staff) about the ISS. Fact-filled and fun, this story will send young minds soaring.This is a fixed-format ebook, which preserves the design and layout of the original print book.
Triple C Model of Project Management: Communication, Cooperation, and Coordination (Systems Innovation Book Series)
by Adedeji B. BadiruA comprehensive guide to the implementation of the Triple C Model of project management, this book presents the soft side of project management. It deals with the fuzzy, ambiguous people issues subject to emotional nuances and sentimental knee-jerk reactions. Offering practical steps for managing any project, this book presents real-world applications and case studies to illustrate the application of this model. This text provides coverage of techniques for tracking, managing, and controlling project costs as well as implementing the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK). Schedule performance appraisals, project performance appraisals, and alternate project organization structures are also included.
The Triumvirate Approach to Systems Engineering, Technology Management and Engineering Management
by Thomas J. DayThis text is meant for introductory and midlevel program and project managers, Systems Engineering (SE), Technology Management (TM) and Engineering Management (EM) professionals. This includes support personnel who underpin and resource programs and projects. Anyone who wishes to understand what SE, TM and EM are, how they work together, what their differences are, when they should be used and what benefits should be expected, will find this text an invaluable resource. It will also help students to understand the career paths in innovation and entrepreneurship to choose from. There is considerable confusion today on when and where to use each discipline, and how they should be applied to individual circumstances. This text provides practitioners with the guidelines necessary to know when to use a specific discipline, how to use them and what results to expect. The text clearly shows how the disciplines retain focus of goals and targets, using cost, scope, schedule and risk to their advantage, while complying with and informing investors, oversight and those related personnel who eventually govern corporate or government decisions. It is more of an entry and midlevel general overview instructing the reader how to use the disciplines and when to use them. To use them all properly, more in-depth study is always necessary. However, the reader will know when to start, where to go and what disciplines to employ depending on the product, service, market, infrastructure, system or service under consideration. To date, none of this is available in existing literature. All texts on the subject stretch to try and cover all things, which is simply not possible, even with the definitions assigned by the three disciplines.
TRIZ-Anwendertag 2020
by Oliver MayerTRIZ is a valuable tool for inventive problem solving. Based on patent analysis TRIZ enables the faster solution-oriented generation of ideas in fields of technology, organizations, and software. Still TRIZ is not the only way that leads to innovation. There are more tools and each of them has its own pros and cons. Combining them is the key to success. The 1st TRIZ online conference by Bayern Innovativ was born from the TRIZ-Anwendertage. The idea behind is providing a platform that allows to discuss and display TRIZ development in the context of innovation methodology. This book presents papers in German and English language on how TRIZ is related to other tools like Design Thinking, the St. Gallen Business models, etc.
TRIZ-Anwendertag 2022
by Oliver MayerTRIZ is a valuable tool for inventive problem solving. Based on patent analysis TRIZ enables the faster solution-oriented generation of ideas in fields of technology, organizations, and software. TRIZ originated from mainly mechanical problems. But it can be applied very successfully as well for other branches like business, or sustainability or in traffic planning. This enlarged application range offers supplementary value of the tool box TRIZ. The 2nd TRIZ online conference by Bayern Innovativ was born from the TRIZ-Anwendertage. The idea behind is providing a platform that allows to discuss and display TRIZ development in the context of innovation methodology. This book presents papers in English & German language on how TRIZ is related to other tools like Design Thinking, the St. Gallen Business models, etc. and to different areas of application, not only electro-mechanical.
TRIZ for Engineers: Enabling Inventive Problem Solving
by Clive Goddard Karen GaddTRIZ is a brilliant toolkit for nurturing engineering creativity and innovation. This accessible, colourful and practical guide has been developed from problem-solving workshops run by Oxford Creativity, one of the world's top TRIZ training organizations started by Gadd in 1998. Gadd has successfully introduced TRIZ to many major organisations such as Airbus, Sellafield Sites, Saint-Gobain, DCA, Doosan Babcock, Kraft, Qinetiq, Trelleborg, Rolls Royce and BAE Systems, working on diverse major projects including next generation submarines, chocolate packaging, nuclear clean-up, sustainability and cost reduction.Engineering companies are increasingly recognising and acting upon the need to encourage successful, practical and systematic innovation at every stage of the engineering process including product development and design. TRIZ enables greater clarity of thought and taps into the creativity innate in all of us, transforming random, ineffective brainstorming into targeted, audited, creative sessions focussed on the problem at hand and unlocking the engineers' knowledge and genius to identify all the relevant solutions.For good design engineers and technical directors across all industries, as well as students of engineering, entrepreneurship and innovation, TRIZ for Engineers will help unlock and realise the potential of TRIZ. The individual tools are straightforward, the problem-solving process is systematic and repeatable, and the results will speak for themselves.This highly innovative book:Satisfies the need for concise, clearly presented information together with practical advice on TRIZ and problem solving algorithmsEmploys explanatory techniques, processes and examples that have been used to train thousands of engineers to use TRIZ successfullyContains real, relevant and recent case studies from major blue chip companiesIs illustrated throughout with specially commissioned full-colour cartoons that illustrate the various concepts and techniques and bring the theory to lifeTurns good engineers into great engineers.