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Synthetic Fuels (Dover Books on Aeronautical Engineering)
by Ronald F. Probstein R. Edwin HicksThis book, the outgrowth of a graduate course the authors taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was designed to fill an urgent need--the training of engineers in the production of synthetic fuels to replace dwindling supplies of natural ones. The authors presented synthetic fuels as a unified engineering subject, while recognizing that many of its principles are well-understood aspects of various engineering fields.The presentation begins with a review of chemical and physical fundamentals and conversion fundamentals, and proceeds to coal gasification and gas upgrading. Subsequent chapters examine liquids and clean solids produced from coal, liquids obtained from oil shale and tar sands, biomass conversion, and environmental, economic, and related aspects of synthetic fuel use.The text is directed toward beginning graduate students and advanced undergraduates in chemical and mechanical engineering, but should also appeal to students from other disciplines, including environmental, mining, petroleum, and industrial engineering, as well as chemistry. It also serves as a reference and guide for professionals.
Synthetic Jets: Fundamentals and Applications
by Kamran Mohseni Rajat MittalCompiles Information from a Multitude of SourcesSynthetic jets have been used in numerous applications, and are part of an emergent field. Accumulating information from hundreds of journal articles and conference papers, Synthetic Jets: Fundamentals and Applications brings together in one book the fundamentals and applications of fluidic actuators.
Synthetic Membranes and Membrane Separation Processes
by Takeshi MatsuuraSynthetic Membranes and Membrane Separation Processes addresses both fundamental and practical aspects of the subject. Topics discussed in the book cover major industrial membrane separation processes, including reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, membrane gas and vapor separation, and pervaporation. Membrane materials, membrane preparation, membrane structure, membrane transport, membrane module and separation design, and applications are discussed for each separation process. Many problem-solving examples are included to help readers understand the fundamental concepts of the theory behind the processes. The book will benefit practitioners and students in chemical engineering, environmental engineering, and materials science.
Synthetic Methods for Conjugated Polymer and Carbon Materials
by Jean-Francois Morin Mario LeclercA concise and practical overview of the most important modern synthetic aspects of conjugated polymers and carbon materials, including their properties and applications. Well structured, this book summarizes recent achievements, outlines the current state and reviews research trends. As such, a wide variety of polymerization techniques are included on both a strategic as well as a practical level, including Stille, Suzuki , and direct (hetero)arylation polymerizations. Furthermore, it covers various carbon-rich materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, followed by a look at how the different synthetic pathways and strategies influence their final properties, for example, for use in organic electronic devices. The whole is rounded off with a discussion of future technology advances. An essential reference for newcomers as well as experienced researchers in the field.
Synthetic Molecular Sequences in Materials Science (Nims Monographs Series)
by Kentaro TashiroThis monograph shares a newly emerging point of view among researchers and students in the field of materials science. Inspired by the presence of precisely determined molecular-level sequence structures in a wide range of biomolecules, a growing number of synthetic compounds with the same structural feature are appearing day by day. These examples in the interdisciplinary areas of materials science are collected in this monograph to provide readers with a good understanding of the state-of-the-art accessible structural level, characteristic features, and future potentials of these types of compounds. The major target audience of this monograph include Ph.D. students and researchers who have just begun their careers, who are seeking novel research directions, ideas, and inspiration. Among the diverse examples of synthetic molecular sequences referred to in the monograph, experienced experts can also find work that is informative and relevant to their own research, making the book worthwhile reading for these specialists.
Synthetic Natural Gas from Coal, Dry Biomass, and Power-to-Gas Applications
by Tilman J. Schildhauer Serge BiollazProvides an overview of the different pathways to produce Synthetic Natural Gas Covers technological, and economic aspects of this Synthetic Natural Gas Details the most popular technologies and state-of-the-art of SNG technologies while also covering recent and future research trends Covers the main process steps during conversion of coal and dry biomass to SNG: gasification, gas cleaning, methanation and gas upgrading Describes a number of novel processes for the production of SNG with their specific combination of process steps as well as the boundary conditions Covers important technical aspects of Power-to-Gas processes
Synthetic Pesticide Use in Africa: Impact on People, Animals, and the Environment (World Food Preservation Center Book Series)
by Charles L. Wilson Don M. HuberA UN report presented to the UN Human Rights Council in 2017 recognized that, “although pesticide use has been correlated with a rise in food production, it has had catastrophic impacts" on human health and the environment. The report acknowledged that “increased food production has not succeeded in eliminating hunger worldwide because of the many interacting factors involved. Reliance on hazardous pesticides is a short-term solution that undermines the rights to adequate food and health for present and future generations."It is hoped that the knowledge available in Synthetic Pesticide Use in Africa: Impact on People, Animals, and the Environment will both enlighten the reader to present serious concerns on the use of synthetic pesticides, and motivate society to make the changes necessary for the sustainable production of safe, nutritious, and affordable food for the anticipated 9.6 billion inhabitants of this Earth in 2050. Key Features:• Explains the relationship of synthetic pesticides to escalating noncommunicable human and animal diseases in Africa and developing countries.• Discusses the impact of the herbicide glyphosate on the health of humans, animals, and the environment.• Reviews the disease causing mode of action of glyphosate and other synthetic pesticides on nutrient density and human and animal bodies.• Warns of the special vulnerability of children to synthetic pesticide toxicity.• Recommends needed legal initiatives to use synthetic pesticides more judiciously.The book is divided into seven (7) sections: I. General Impact, explains the general impact of synthetic pesticides on the African people, their animals, and environment. II. Human Health, covers the impact of synthetic pesticides on the human body, while III, Children’s Health, focuses on the special vulnerability of children to synthetic pesticides. IV. Animal Health describes the synthetic pesticide threats to animal production and sustainability. V. Environmental Health presents the threat of synthetic pesticides to soil microbiota and sustainable remediations. VI. Control Strategies discusses biologically-based alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Finally, VII. Reglatory Control presents some legal initiatives to combat the misuse of synthetic pesticides.
Synthetic Planet: Chemical Politics and the Hazards of Modern Life
by Monica J. CasperThis timely collection of original essays traces the migration of synthetic chemicals from the laboratory to the factory and then into the environment, bodies and communities. Turning our attention to the impact these chemicals have on our ecosystems, human health, social organization and political processes, the contributors break new ground by focusing on the production and distribution of these potentially hazardous agents themselves rather than just detailing their effects.
Synthetic Seeds: Germplasm Regeneration, Preservation and Prospects
by Mohammad Faisal Abdulrahman A. AlatarThis book introduces the reader to synthetic or artificial seeds, which refer to alginate encapsulated somatic embryos, vegetative buds or any other micropropagules that can be used as seeds and converted into plantlets after propagating under in vitro or in vivo conditions. Moreover, synthetic seeds retain their potential for regeneration even after low-temperature storage. The production of synthetic or artificial seeds using micropropagules opens up new vistas in agricultural biotechnology. Encapsulated propagules could be used for in vitro regeneration and mass multiplication at reasonable cost. In addition, these propagules may be used for germplasm preservation of elite plant species and the exchange of plant materials between national and international laboratories. This book offers state-of-the-art findings on methods, applications and prospects of synthetic or artificial seeds.
Synthetic Socialism
by Eli RubinEli Rubin takes an innovative approach to consumer culture to explore questions of political consensus and consent and the impact of ideology on everyday life in the former East Germany. Synthetic Socialism explores the history of East Germany through the production and use of a deceptively simple material: plastic. Rubin investigates the connections between the communist government, its Bauhaus-influenced designers, its retooled postwar chemical industry, and its general consumer population. He argues that East Germany was neither a totalitarian state nor a niche society but rather a society shaped by the confluence of unique economic and political circumstances interacting with the concerns of ordinary citizens.To East Germans, Rubin says, plastic was a high-technology material, a symbol of socialism's scientific and economic superiority over capitalism. Most of all, the state and its designers argued, plastic goods were of a particularly special quality, not to be thrown away like products of the wasteful West. Rubin demonstrates that this argument was accepted by the mainstream of East German society, for whom the modern, socialist dimension of a plastics-based everyday life had a deep resonance.
Synthetic Sorbent Materials Based on Metal Sulphides and Oxides
by D.S. Sofronov K.N. Belikov M. Rucki S.N. Lavrynenko Z. Siemiątkowski E. Yu. Bryleva O.M. OdnovolovaSynthetic Sorbent Materials Based on Metal Sulphides and Oxides focuses on development of inorganic nanomaterials for removal of metallic species from the aqueous environment. General synthetic methods to prepare such materials are lacking. This book investigates problems of controlled synthesis of these materials and the effect of their morphological characteristics on their sorption capacity. • Synthesizes experimental data on the synthesis of micro- and nanoparticles of zinc, copper, and cadmium sulfides, iron oxides, and manganese oxyhydroxide. • Discusses controlled synthesis of zinc, cadmium, and copper sulfide particles and their sorption properties. • Describes production of iron oxides (hematite and magnetite) and manganese oxyhydroxide particles. • Features numerous SEM images of the obtained nanostructures and original graphs of various characteristics. • Offers practical recommendations. This book is of interest to researchers and scientists working with inorganic synthesis and properties of sorption materials.
Synthetic: How Life Got Made
by Sophia RoosthIn the final years of the twentieth century, émigrés from engineering and computer science devoted themselves to biology and resolved that if the aim of biology is to understand life, then making life would yield better theories than experimentation. Armed with the latest biotechnology techniques, these scientists treated biological media as elements for design and manufacture: viruses named for computers, bacterial genomes encoding passages from James Joyce, chimeric yeast buckling under the metabolic strain of genes harvested from wormwood, petunias, and microbes from Icelandic thermal pools. In Synthetic: How Life Got Made, cultural anthropologist Sophia Roosth reveals how synthetic biologists make new living things in order to understand better how life works. The first book-length ethnographic study of this discipline, Synthetic documents the social, cultural, rhetorical, economic, and imaginative transformations biology has undergone in the post-genomic age. Roosth traces this new science from its origins at MIT to start-ups, laboratories, conferences, and hackers’ garages across the United States—even to contemporary efforts to resurrect extinct species. Her careful research reveals that rather than opening up a limitless new field, these biologists’ own experimental tactics circularly determine the biological features, theories, and limits they fasten upon. Exploring the life sciences emblematic of our time, Synthetic tells the origin story of the astonishing claim that biological making fosters biological knowing.
Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants: Chemistry and Technology (Chemical Industries)
by Leslie R. RudnickHighlighting the major economic and industrial changes in the lubrication industry since the first edition, Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants: Chemistry and Technology, Third Edition highlights the major economic and industrial changes in the lubrication industry and outlines the state of the art in each major lubricant application area. Chapters cover the use of lubricant fluids, growth or decline of market areas and applications, potential new applications, production capacities, and regulatory issues, including biodegradability, toxicity, and food production equipment lubrication. The highly-anticipated third edition features new and updated chapters including those on automatic and continuously variable transmission fluids, fluids for food-grade applications, oil-soluble polyalkylene glycols, functional bio-based lubricant base stocks, farnesene-derived polyolefins, estolides, bio-based lubricants from soybean oil, and trends in construction equipment lubrication. Features include: Contains an index of terms, acronyms, and analytical testing methods. Presents the latest conventions for describing upgraded mineral oil base fluids. Considers all the major lubrication areas: engine oils, industrial lubricants, food-grade applications, greases, and space-age applications Includes individual chapters on lubricant applications—such as environmentally friendly, disk drive, and magnetizable fluids—for major market areas around the globe. In a single, unique volume, Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants: Chemistry and Technology, Third Edition offers property and performance information of fluids, theoretical and practical background to their current applications, and strong indicators for global market trends that will influence the industry for years to come.
Syria as an Arena of Strategic Competition
by Jeffrey Martini Erin York William YoungLess than two years since the beginning of the uprising in Syria, localized protests have morphed into full-blown civil conflict, and external actors have become involved as well. RAND conducted an analytic exercise to generate a greater understanding of the parties and issues in play, including the actors, their motivations, and potential impact of their activities.
System Analysis & Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications (Studies in Computational Intelligence #1022)
by Michael Zgurovsky Nataliya PankratovaThe book contains the newest advances related to research and development of complex intellectual systems of various nature, acting under conditions of uncertainty and multifactor risks, intelligent systems for decision-making, high performance computing, state-of-the-art information technologies for needs of science, industry, economy, and environment. The most important problems of sustainable development and global threats estimation, forecast and foresight in tasks of planning and strategic decision-making are investigated. This monograph will be useful to researchers, post-graduates, and advanced students specializing in system analysis, decision-making, strategic planning or engineering design, fundamentals of computational Intelligence, artificial Intelligence systems based on hybrid neural networks, big data, and data mining.
System Analysis and Artificial Intelligence (Studies in Computational Intelligence #1107)
by Michael Zgurovsky Nataliya PankratovaThis book contains the latest scientific work of Ukrainian scientists and their colleagues from other countries of the world in three interrelated areas: systems analysis, artificial intelligence and data mining. The included articles present the theoretical foundations and practical applications of the latest tools and methods of artificial intelligence, scenario planning, decision making and computational intelligence for important areas of human activity. The tools and methods presented in the book are continuously evolving and finding new applications across various fields, contributing to advancements and efficiencies in different industries: healthcare, finance, retail and E-commerce, manufacturing and industrial automation, transportation and logistics advancements and cybersecurity. The results of the book are useful to teachers, scientists, graduate students of universities and managers of large companies specializing in strategic planning, engineering design of complex systems, decision-making, optimization of operations and other related fields of knowledge and practice.
System Analysis in Engineering and Control (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #442)
by Yuriy S. Vasiliev Nataliya D. Pankratova Violetta N. Volkova Olga D. Shipunova Nikolay N. LyabakhThis book covers the results of research that has been obtained during the last decades by scholars representing several scientific schools working in the field of theory of systems and system analysis. In the book chapters, attention is paid to the development of the general theory of systems’ provisions, approaches, models, and methods of system analysis; such as the concepts of an open system and adaptive systems; the concepts of “the movable equilibrium” and “disequilibrium”, the approach of “growing” the system and its developing through innovations; the system-target approach, systems’ regularities; ontological, cognitive and logical-linguistic models of systems, etc. The book includes parts devoted to the general theoretical and philosophical-methodological problems of systems theory; methods and models of system analysis; innovation technologies in technical and socioeconomic systems; system analyses in the educational process, and higher education management. The materials of the book may be of interest to researchers and specialists working in the field of systems analysis, engineering, computer technologies, including human–computer interaction in socio-technical systems; for the representatives of the academic and engineering society.
System Architecture Design and Platform Development Strategies: An Introduction to Electronic Systems Development in the Age of AI, Agile Development, and Organizational Change
by Tobias MünchThis book provides readers with a hands-on guide to system architecture design and platform development strategies for electronic systems. While system architecture design is a sub topic of systems engineering, the author discusses platform development as a matter of strategy, engineering efficiency and quality. This book helps readers by combining system architecture and platform development in a defined way, discussing processes and consequences in the context of the newest developments in technology, processes and management, such as artificial intelligence, agile development, and organizational change.Provides first book to offer a combined perspective on system architecture design and platform development strategy;Offers a systematic, state-of-the-art description of all aspects of system architecture and platform development;Presents system architecture and platform development in the modern context of agile development and artificial intelligence, as it relates to product development in the electronics industry.
System Architecture and Complexity: Contribution of Systems of Systems to Systems Thinking
by Jacques PrintzThe emergence of a true systemic science - the systemic one - capable of rigorously addressing the many problems posed by the design and management of the evolution of modern complex systems is therefore urgently needed if wants to be able to provide satisfactory answers to the many profoundly systemic challenges that humanity will have to face at the dawn of the third millennium. This emergence is of course not easy because one can easily understand that the development of the systemic is mechanically confronted with all the classical disciplines which can all pretend to bring part of the explanations necessary to the understanding of a system and which do not naturally see a good eye a new discipline claim to encompass them in a holistic approach ... The book of Jacques Printz is therefore an extremely important contribution to this new emerging scientific and technical discipline: it is indeed first of all one of the very few "serious" works published in French and offering a good introduction to the systemic. It gives an extremely broad vision of this field, taking a thread given by the architecture of systems, in other words by the part of the systemic that is interested in the structure of systems and their design processes, which allows everyone to fully understand the issues and issues of the systemic. We can only encourage the reader to draw all the quintessence of the masterful work of Jacques Printz which mixes historical reminders explaining how the systemic emerged, introduction to key concepts of the systemic and practical examples to understand the nature and the scope of the ideas introduced.
System Dependability - Theory and Applications: Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Dependability of Computer Systems DepCoS-RELCOMEX. July 1–5, 2024, Brunów, Poland (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #1026)
by Janusz Kacprzyk Wojciech Zamojski Jacek Mazurkiewicz Jarosław Sugier Tomasz WalkowiakThis book presents a selection of papers about problems which arise in dependability studies of contemporary computer systems and networks. Their collection should be an interesting and inspiring source material for scientists, researchers, engineers, and students who must consider diverse dependability characteristics in design, analysis, or maintenance of computer systems and networks. The papers were presented during the 19th DepCoS-RELCOMEX conference which was the next event in a series organized annually since 2006. Originating as a scientific platform for discussions of reliability aspects in computer engineering, the topical scope of the conference has been constantly expanded to incorporate new dependability challenges brought by recent advances in systems and information technologies. Currently, dependable operation in the context of computer processing means obtaining reliable (true and timely) results in the conditions of processing both quantitative and qualitative data, using precise or fuzzy (often: imitating) models and algorithms. With increasing use of artificial intelligence algorithms and tools, dependability in contemporary information technology and computer engineering calls for methods based on cognitive systems and deep learning techniques. Topical variety of the papers included in these proceedings proves that almost all applications of modern computer systems and networks must take into account the aspect of dependability and also illustrates a wide diversity of multidisciplinary subjects which needs to be considered in this context.
System Dependability and Analytics: Approaching System Dependability from Data, System and Analytics Perspectives (Springer Series in Reliability Engineering)
by Long Wang Karthik Pattabiraman Catello Di Martino Arjun Athreya Saurabh BagchiThis book comprises chapters authored by experts who are professors and researchers in internationally recognized universities and research institutions. The book presents the results of research and descriptions of real-world systems, services, and technologies. Reading this book, researchers, professional practitioners, and graduate students will gain a clear vision on the state of the art of the research and real-world practice on system dependability and analytics. The book is published in honor of Professor Ravishankar K. Iyer, the George and Ann Fisher Distinguished Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois. Professor Iyer is ACM Fellow, IEEE Fellow, AAAS Fellow, and served as Interim Vice Chancellor of UIUC for research during 2008–2011. The book contains chapters written by many of his former students.
System Design and Control Integration for Advanced Manufacturing
by Han-Xiong Li Xinjiang LuMost existing robust design books address design for static systems, or achieve robust design from experimental data via the Taguchi method. Little work considers model information for robust design particularly for the dynamic system. <P><P>This book covers robust design for both static and dynamic systems using the nominal model information or the hybrid model/data information, and also integrates design with control under a large operating region. This design can handle strong nonlinearity and more uncertainties from model and parameters.
System Development Charges for Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater Facilities
by Arthur C. NelsonThis book presents a comprehensive method by which to determine the proportionate share of the costs and revenues generated by the development of new water, wastewater, and stormwater facilities. It presents a rational, legally defensible approach to assessing charges based on the use of new and existing facilities to support new system development. Written by a consultant who has helped hundreds of communities deal with how to pay for growth, the book is designed for all communities presently engaged in calculating and administering charges for new development, as well as those planning for future growth.
System Dynamics
by Karl A. SeelerThis unique textbook takes the student from the initial steps in modeling a dynamic system through development of the mathematical models needed for feedback control. The generously-illustrated, student-friendly text focuses on fundamental theoretical development rather than the application of commercial software. Practical details of machine design are included to motivate the non-mathematically inclined student.
System Dynamics and Control with Bond Graph Modeling
by Javier KypurosWritten by a professor with extensive teaching experience, System Dynamics and Control with Bond Graph Modeling treats system dynamics from a bond graph perspective. Using an approach that combines bond graph concepts and traditional approaches, the author presents an integrated approach to system dynamics and automatic controls. The textbook guide