- Table View
- List View
Sustainable Masonry: Stability and Behavior of Structures
by Thierry Ciblac Jean-Claude MorelThis book covers the impact of sustainable masonry on the environment, touting the many benefits of utilizing local and/or low embodied energy materials in the construction of sustainable buildings.
Sustainable Material, Design, and Process
by Ravi Kant Hema Gurung Shashikant YadavThis text emphasizes the importance of sustainable material, design, and manufacturing processes, and how the needs are changing day by day. It comprehensively covers important topics including material recycling, optimal utilization of resources, green materials, biocomposites, clean and green synthesis, stable material properties, utilization of renewable energy sources, ergonomic design, and sustainable design. The text examines the design process, manufacturing, and upscaling of next-generation materials and their application in diverse industries. The text is primarily written for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of manufacturing engineering, materials science, mechanical engineering, and environmental engineering. Presents an in-depth understanding of the progress of the need for new innovative and next-generation materials. Discusses biocomposites and green materials for eco-friendly products in a comprehensive manner. Explores recycling techniques of materials for sustainable manufacturing. Presents conceptual framework of sustainable product development. Covers important topics such as process optimization, renewable energy, and 3D printing in detail. The text discusses the designing process of these new materials, manufacturing, and upscaling of these materials along with their selection for industrial applications. It further focuses on improving surface homogeneity in nanoparticle scattering during dip coating for stable and efficient wettability during oil/water separation. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of manufacturing engineering, materials science, mechanical engineering, and environmental engineering.
Sustainable Material for Biomedical Engineering Application
by Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman Asma Abdullah NurulSustainable Material for Biomedical Engineering Application discusses current interdisciplinary approaches in the development of materials and their derivatives that are sustainable for biomedical engineering application. Recent advancement of materials research has shown to have great impact on biomedical and clinical applications. With potential for sustainability, the materials discussed and illustrated in this book, may have the ability to increase and contribute to wider therapeutic options for patients. On the other hand, with the advancement in materials technology, they also have positive impacts in terms of reproducibility and more cost-effective manufacturing solutions for biomedical engineering industry. Some of the main aspects covered in this book are utilisation of human waste, food waste and green technology approach for materials in biomedical engineering applications such as tissue engineering, 3D printing and biosensing. A team of experts from various disciplines share recent advances that provide details and integrates different approaches to sustainable materials development. This book is intended for academicians, researchers, students and industrial players in the field of materials and biomedical engineering.
Sustainable Material Forming and Joining
by R. Ganesh Narayanan Jay S GunasekeraThe main objective of the book is to expose readers to the basics of sustainable material forming and joining technologies, and to discuss the relationship between conventional and sustainable processes. It also provides case studies for sustainable issues in material forming and joining processes, workouts for converting conventional processes to green processes, and highlights the importance of awareness on sustainable and green manufacturing through education. The book will include green and sustainability concepts in material forming like bulk forming and sheet forming emphasizing hot forming, materials development, lubrication, and minimizing defects. Key Features Conceptualizes green and sustainability issues towards efficient material forming and joining Addresses important aspects of sustainable manufacturing by forming operations Presents comparison between traditional and sustainable manufacturing processes Includes practical case studies from industry experts Discusses green and sustainability concepts in material forming like bulk forming and sheet forming emphasizing hot forming, materials development, lubrication, and minimizing defects
Sustainable Materials: The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
by Akshansh Mishra Vijaykumar S. Jatti Shivangi PaliwalThe self-learning ability of machine learning algorithms makes the investigations more accurate and accommodates all the complex requirements. Development in neural codes can accommodate the data in all the forms such as numerical values as well as images. The techniques also review the sustainability, life-span, the energy consumption in production polymer, etc. This book addresses the design, characterization, and development of prediction analysis of sustainable polymer composites using machine learning algorithms.
Sustainable Materials: Proceedings of EGRWSE-23, Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #509)
by Krishna R. Reddy Arvind Kumar Agnihotri Ajay BansalThis book contains peer-reviewed and selected papers presented during the International Conference on Environmental Geotechnology, Recycled Waste Materials and Sustainable Engineering (EGRWSE) 2023, held at NIT Jalandhar. It discusses the recent innovations, trends, concerns, practical challenges encountered, and the solutions adopted in waste management and engineering, geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, infrastructure engineering and sustainable engineering. This book can serve as a useful resource for researchers, educators, policymakers, and professionals working in the field of civil engineering, chemical engineering, environmental sciences, and public policy.
Sustainable Materials and Manufacturing Techniques in Aviation (Sustainable Aviation)
by T. Hikmet Karakoc Can Ozgur Colpan Alper DalkiranThis book offers comprehensive coverage of sustainable materials and manufacturing techniques in aviation that reduce fuel consumption, increase operational efficiency, and make more sustainable use of raw materials, energy, and water during manufacturing. Materials that enable the aircraft to be lightweight without compromising safety issues are covered. The sustainability aspects in selecting the materials and manufacturing techniques, as well as performance, cost, and environmental aspects are discussed. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and digital twins in manufacturing are covered. Sustainable Materials and Manufacturing Techniques in Aviation will appeal to a broad readership in the aviation community, including students, engineers, scientists, and researchers, as a reference source for material science and modern production techniques. Offers guidance on the selection of sustainable materials for aircraft; Discusses additive manufacturing for aviation applications; Covers artificial intelligence and machine learning as well as digital twin in manufacturing.
Sustainable Materials and Manufacturing Technologies (Science, Technology, and Management)
by Navneet Khanna Kishor Kumar Gajrani Khaled Giasin J. Paulo DavimMaterials and manufacturing techniques are a few of the vital processes in production industries. Most of the materials processing and manufacturing techniques currently used in industries are a major cause of environmental pollution and are hence unsustainable. This book provides in-depth knowledge about challenges faced during the processing of advanced materials and discusses possible ways to achieve sustainability in manufacturing. This book: Covers advances in cryogenic machining, optimization, and economical and energy assessment of machining; Provides case studies and numerical design with analysis using computational fluid dynamics of minimum quantity lubrication mist droplets; Reviews metalworking fluids, laser micro-texturing, materials and manufacturing in sustainability, biofuels additives, nano-materials, and additive manufacturing of waste plastic; Explores the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning-based manufacturing techniques; and Covers the latest challenges and future trends in sustainable manufacturing. Sustainable Materials and Manufacturing Technologies is primarily written for senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers in mechanical, manufacturing, industrial, and production engineering, and material science.
Sustainable Materials and Systems for Water Desalination (Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation)
by Inamuddin Anish KhanThis edited book explores the most promising and reliable technological developments expected to impact on the next generation of desalination systems. The book includes research studies which takes the reader on a fascinating walk through the multidisciplinary world of membrane science applied to water treatment. Concerning the ultimate technological advancement, the book seeks to investigate how to bridge the gap between the laboratory scale and the applicability to industry.
Sustainable Materials for Electrochemcial Capacitors
by Inamuddin Tariq Altalhi Sayed Mohammed AdnanSustainable Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors The book highlights the properties of sustainable materials for the production of commercial electrochemical capacitors. Sustainable Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors details the progress in the usage of ubiquitous environmentally sustainable materials. Due to their cost effectiveness, flexible forms, frequent accessibility, and environmentally friendly nature, electrochemical capacitors with significant surface areas of their carbon components are quite common. Many novel ways for using bio-derived components in highly efficient electrochemical capacitors are being established as a consequence of current research, and this book provides details of all these developments. The book provides: A broad overview of properties explored for the development of electrochemical capacitors; Introduces potential applications of electrochemical capacitors; Highlights sustainable materials exploited for the production of electrochemical capacitors; Presents commercial potential of electrochemical capacitors. Audience This is a useful guide for engineers, materials scientists, physicists, and innovators, who are linked to the development and applications of electrochemical capacitors.
Sustainable Materials in Building Construction (Building Pathology and Rehabilitation #11)
by J. M. P. Q. DelgadoThis book presents a selection of recent research works that provide best practice solutions, case studies and practical advice on the implementation of sustainable construction techniques. The topics covered include innovations in building sustainability assessment, sustainable construction and materials, service-life prediction, construction 4.0, digitalization of the construction process, and circular economy. Reviewing the current state of knowledge, the book will benefit scientists, students, practitioners, lecturers and other interested parties in a range of scientific and engineering disciplines, e.g. civil, materials and mechanical engineering.
Sustainable Materials, Structures and IoT
by Sujit Kumar Pradhan Srinivas Sethi Mufti MahmudThe International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Structures and IoT (SMSI-2024) was organized by Department of Civil Engineering, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology Sarang, India. The practical problems associated with various engineering in many developing countries including India and developed countries are different and complex. Therefore, researchers and agencies have been working to tackle these challenges and to identify implementable solutions for various transportation engineering related problems as per prevailing conditions. As a recurring event with nationwide participation, SMSI-2024 converged experts, researchers, practitioners, industry professionals around the world to share and deliberate on their work, offering profound insights into emerging technological trends. This conference invited papers related to various themes under the umbrella of engineering.
Sustainable Membrane Technology for Energy, Water, and Environment (Sustainable Water Developments - Resources, Management, Treatment, Efficiency And Reuse Ser. #3)
by Ahmad Fauzi Ismail Takeshi MatsuuraA detailed look at the most recent developments in sustainable membrane technology for use in energy, water, and the environment A collection of twenty-seven groundbreaking papers on important ideas about the development of membrane science and technology, Sustainable Membrane Technology for Energy, Water, and Environment brings together contributions from leading international experts in one comprehensive volume. Covering the latest developments and most innovative ideas in the field, this book is a unique resource for understanding the growing interest in using membranes across several industries. Divided into six chapters that cover new membrane materials and membrane development; membrane applications for gas and vapor separation; membrane applications in water treatment; environmental applications of membranes; energy applications of membranes; and other industrial membrane applications, the book looks at the current and emerging applications for membrane science and technology in detail. As the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Middle East emerge as the next generation of membrane research and development centers, in part due to their need for water and natural gas production technology, this book provides invaluable insights into the cutting-edge work taking place in these regions. Additional topics covered also include new membrane materials, membrane applications for food processing, and much more. Designed for engineers, scientists, professors, and graduate students who are engaged in membrane R&D activities, as well as for anyone interested in sustainable development, Sustainable Membrane Technology for Energy, Water, and Environment is a cutting-edge look at membrane applications.
Sustainable Metal Extraction from Waste Streams
by Garima Chauhan Perminder Jit Kaur K.K. Pant K.D.P. NigamProvides a comprehensive overview on developing sustainable practices for waste minimization via green metal extraction from waste streams This book introduces readers to sustainable management and defines the challenges as well as the opportunities in waste stream management. It starts by covering conventional technologies for metal extraction then focuses on emerging tools and techniques such as green adsorption, bioleaching, and chelation. It also discusses the scale-up and process intensification of metal extraction from waste streams from process design to pilot plan. Sustainable Metal Extraction from Waste Streams begins by covering sustainability-related constructs and illustrates the pre-requisites for sustainable management of waste streams. It then introduces the basics of solid waste handling, ranging from an analysis of the relevance, categories of wastes, consequences of untreated waste disposal into the environment, government initiatives, management strategies, and unit operations for pre-treatment of wastes. The book also looks at widely accepted, conventional metal extraction technologies like hydro and pyro metallurgical methods; discusses the possibility of sustainable green processes for metal extraction; and introduces the recently deployed coiled flow inverter process. -Provides a comprehensive collection of the conventional, emerging, and future technologies for metal extraction from industrial waste and electrical & electronic equipment in a sustainable way -Demonstrates trans-disciplinary research as an executable direction to achieve the sustainable governance of natural resources and solid waste management -Presents a dedicated section on scale-up and process intensification of metallurgical processes -Summarizes various aspects of novel processes ranging from basic concepts, benchmark performance of technologies on lab scale, and recent research trends in metal extraction Covering a variety of interdisciplinary topics on resource optimization and waste minimization, Sustainable Metal Extraction from Waste Streams is an excellent resource for engineers, science students, entrepreneurs, and organizations who are working in the field of waste management and wish to gain information on upcoming sustainable processes.
Sustainable Microbial Technologies for Valorization of Agro-Industrial Wastes (Novel Biotechnological Applications for Waste to Value Conversion)
by Jitendra Kumar Saini Surender Singh Lata NainThis book provides an overview of the different aspects of microbial bioconversion methodologies for valorization of underutilized wastes of varied nature. It covers microbiological/biotechnological aspects, environmental concerns, bioprocess development, scale-up aspects, challenges, and opportunities in microbial valorization at commercial scale. It explains sustainable microbiological processes for bioconversion and valorization of the wastes for production of various products of commercial interests, including biofuels, bioenergy, and other platform chemicals. The book • presents potential biotechnological topics and strategies for the valuation of agricultural waste materials; • provides technical concepts on the production of various commercially significant bioproducts; • introduces various microbial bioprocesses to sustainably valorize various potential wastes as renewable feedstocks for production of biofuels and biochemicals; • explores the relevant scale-up opportunities, commercialization aspects, and critical technological advances; and • explains concepts and recent trends in life cycle analyses in waste valorization. It is aimed at researchers and graduate students in bioengineering, biochemical engineering, microbial technology/microbiology, environmental engineering, and biotechnology.
Sustainable Microbial Technology for Synthetic and Cellulosic Microfiber Bioremediation
by Alok Prasad Das Ipsita Dipamitra Behera Dipalee BhanjaThis book offers a variety of cases that detail microbial technologies for remediation of microfiber pollution. Synthetic microfibers are made up of polypropylene, nylon, and polyethylene terephthalate. They are porous and dry which makes them ideal for cleaning, but wide use of synthetic microfibers across industries and the human population in general has led to the accumulation of microfiber wastes in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Microfibers are a major environmental pollutant due to their endurance, omnipresence, and synthetic composition. Due to their undetectable size and wide distribution, microfibers slowly get incorporated within the food chain leading them into the higher trophic level. Microbial remediation of Synthetic microfibers through biodegradation is a sustainable and economic solution. With advanced bioremediation technology, novel methods have been developed for remediation, recovery, and recycling. Some of these methods are detailed in this volume.
Sustainable Mobility: Policies, Challenges and Advancements
by Ashwani Kumar Arbind Prasad Gaurav KumarThis book is essential for anyone interested in understanding and implementing sustainable transportation practices, as it provides comprehensive insights into the challenges, advancements, and policies related to sustainable mobility. Sustainable transportation refers to any means of transportation that is “green” and has a low impact on the environment. The goal of sustainable transportation is to balance our current and future needs. As per the United Nations Brundtland Commission (WCED, 1987), sustainable mobility can be defined as “mobility that satisfies the needs of present generations without compromising future generations”, but in the modern era, we are compromising the needs of the next generation in terms of pollution, depletion of fossil fuels, global warming, poor air quality, and hazardous gases. The three main pillars of sustainability, economics, environment, and social issues, are crushed by modern development, so there is a need to shift from traditional means of transportation to sustainable transportation. Under the vision of sustainable mobility, better infrastructure and services will be provided to support the movement of goods and people. This outcome will be achieved only if four goals are pursued simultaneously: developing the right policy, building awareness, developing intelligent transportation, and creating green vehicles. Sustainable Mobility: Policies, Challenges and Advancements will discuss transitions from conventional to sustainable mobility, infrastructure development challenges in this transition period, new vehicle policies, and the latest autonomous vehicles for intelligent transportation. The main highlights of the book are energy efficient technologies for transportation, accessibility and safety of the transport system, environmental footprint, health impacts, economic development, and social growth. Sustainable mobility is essential to economic and social development. The environmental impacts of transport can be reduced by reducing the weight of vehicles, creating sustainable styles of driving, reducing the friction of tires, encouraging electric and hybrid vehicles, improving the walking and cycling environment in cities, and enhancing the role of public transport, especially electric vehicles. Going green and sustainable is not only beneficial for the company, but it also maximizes the benefits of an environmental focus in the long term.
Sustainable Mobility for Island Destinations
by Theocharis TsoutsosThis open access book presents the findings of the CIVITAS DESTINATIONS project regarding the link between mobility and tourism in urban areas and the complications tourist destinations face in becoming more sustainable. It integrates the tourist mobility needs and the associated fluctuation impacts in the design of mobility solutions in order to enforce the accessibility, attractiveness, efficiency and sustainability of transport services and infrastructure for both residents and tourists in island cities such as Rethymno, Crete, and Valetta, Malta. Sustainable Mobility for Island Destinations contains contributions from highly experienced academics, engineers, and planners in the area of sustainable tourism, mobility services, and smart solutions design companies assisting: the change of the mind set in insular and tourism areas; the adoption of green mobility systems and services; andmonitoring the environmental benefits to assist towards the Climate Change. It explores the challenges tourist islands face, such as the seasonal fluxes in transport usage, the pressures of tourism to provide aesthetic green spaces, and the space issues of being an island in relation to economic potential and infrastructure construction. The book suggests areas for future research, and implementation of innovative systems and policies. It will be of interest to academics, planners, decision makers, and environmentalists.
Sustainable Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Environmental Applications (Sustainable Materials and Technology)
by Imran UddinThis book brings together various topics of nanomaterials in various industrial applications to promote sustainable development practices. The first part of the book describes green nanotechnology for clean energy and environmental sustainability, which includes heavy metal detoxification from water, wastewater remediation, dye degradation, and bioremediation. The second part of the book covers sustainable biomedical applications of nanomaterials such as antibacterial activity and drug delivery systems, which includes the toxicological as well as the antibacterial impacts that nanoparticles have on microorganisms. The subsequent chapters discuss the roles of nanomaterials for sustainability in agriculture, crop protection, plant disease management, food technology (increasing the efficiency of the food industry), and the textile industry. The book caters to researchers and scientists who are interested in the utilization of nanomaterials to enhance sustainable industrial practices.
Sustainable Nanomaterials for the Construction Industry (Emerging Materials and Technologies)
by Ghasan Fahim Huseien Kwok Wei ShahSustainable Nanomaterials for the Construction Industry examines applications of sustainable nanomaterials used in the building construction sector. The chapters focus on sustainable construction materials using nanotechnology such as pigments, modified cement, polymer, glass, phase change materials and air purification. • Highlights nanotechnology applications in smart buildings • Reviews nano-enhanced glass and phase change materials for energy saving and energy storage • Discusses nanomaterials used in air purification applications as well as sustainable pigments • Covers latest developments in polymers, glasses, coatings, paints and insulating materials Aimed at materials and construction engineers, this work offers advanced solutions to enhancing properties of common building materials to improve and extend their performance.
Sustainable Nanomaterials for Treatment and Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
by Rajasekhar Chokkareddy Suvardhan Kanchi Gan G. RedhiThe book focuses on the design and novel synthetic routes of sustainable nanomaterials in diagnosing and treating infectious diseases offering potential benefits in terms of efficiency, biocompatibility, and environmental impact. The fifteen chapters in this book provide a comprehensive exploration of how sustainable nanotechnology can revolutionize infectious disease management and bridge the gap between the fundamental principles of nanotechnology and their practical applications in combating infectious diseases. Subjects covered include: the rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the limitations of existing therapies; the challenges of infectious disease management including the rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the limitations of existing therapies; nano-pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics in the treatment of infectious diseases; the advancements in nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems, vaccines, and diagnostic tools, and the future of personalized medicine; nanotheranostic mechanisms outlining how nanomaterials can be engineered to simultaneously diagnose and treat infections; nano drug delivery systems that contribute to enhancing the efficacy and precision of treatment modalities; biocompatibility and toxicity of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases; regulatory perspectives of nanomaterials ensuring they meet safety and efficacy standards; green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide, carbon dots, and its composites for infectious diseases and biosurfactants; nanomaterials of polymeric design underscoring their potential to create more effective and sustainable therapeutic options; how nanomaterials can be engineered to simultaneously diagnose and treat infections. Audience The book targets nanotechnology researchers, scientists, and healthcare professionals interested in understanding nanotechnology’s critical role in sustainable healthcare solutions.
Sustainable Nanotechnology: Strategies, Products, and Applications
by Yashwant V. Pathak Govindan Parayil Jayvadan K. PatelSustainable Nanotechnology A robust examination of the use of nanotechnology in the manufacture of sustainable products In Sustainable Nanotechnology: Strategies, Products, and Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of nanotechnology applications in environmental, pharmaceutical, and engineering products in the context of global sustainability. The book offers balanced coverage of the benefits and risks of nanotechnology. Divided into three parts, the editors have included contributions from leading scholars discussing sustainability, toxicological impacts, and nanomaterial-based adsorbents. This edited volume helps readers understand how nanotechnology and nanomaterials apply in different global sustainability challenges. It also discusses models for understanding the lifecycle and risk assessments of manufactured nanomaterials. Case studies are included to explore such topics as design, remediation, and technology assessment. The book also provides: Thorough introductions to nanotechnology-based research priorities for global sustainability and the challenges and opportunities of modern, sustainable nanotechnology Comprehensive explorations of improving the sustainability of bio-based products with nanotechnology and the improvement of the environmental sustainability of biopolymers using nanotechnology Practical discussions of nanotechnology-based polymers for drug delivery applications In-depth examinations of green nanotechnology-driven drug delivery systems Perfect for nanotechnology-focused professionals, sustainability experts, biomedical experts, and pharmaceutical industry practitioners, Sustainable Nanotechnology: Strategies, Products, and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of neuroscientists, bioengineering professionals, and those involved in neuroprosthetic engineering.
Sustainable Oil and Gas Using Blockchain (Lecture Notes in Energy #98)
by Soheil Saraji Si ChenThis monograph explores the potential of blockchain technology to facilitate the transition in the oil and gas (O&G) industry.As the world shifts towards a sustainable energy future, the oil and gas industry faces significant challenges and opportunities. Focusing on the development of a sustainable O&G industry, the book delves into the role of climate and financial markets in the energy sector, applications of blockchain in sustainable energy development, and the challenges of legal and regulatory issues in applying blockchain technology. It provides insight into how the energy industry is already working on reducing carbon emissions and paving the way to a sustainable future with detailed examples of reducing methane emissions, carbon credit markets, sustainable aviation fuels, and plastics. The book also examines how O&G companies could further their sustainability initiatives using blockchain technology for emission data monitoring, carbon capture, utilization, storage, and supply-chain management to develop clean products.
Sustainable Operations in India (Managing The Asian Century Ser.)
by Ayon Chakraborty Sirish Kumar Gouda M. S. GajanandThis book focuses on understanding the status quo of sustainable practices in industry operations from an emerging economy perspective, presenting various practices in India. In order to offer a balance between theory and practice, it provides guidelines for applying models to achieve the goal of sustainability in this competitive environment. The chapters include theoretical perspectives, models and empirical evidence on sustainable practices from Indian industries. The book also presents a scholarly perspective on sustainable operations from various researchers and practitioners in India for a global audience in academia and industry.
Sustainable Operations Management
by Kampan MukherjeeThis book includes concepts, methodologies, and practices for achieving sustainability in business operations. The underlying concept is explained from two perspectives—organizational level and policy level. In the former, all principles, techniques, and decision-making issues relevant to sustainability at unit level, management of product recovery processes, and sustainability at integrated level are captured. Content on policy-level perspective includes policies, norms, guidelines, and regulatory measures both at global and national levels. The primary goal of this book is the creation of an integrated and value-rich platform for the initiation and management of sustainable operations. Features: This book offers a comprehensive overview of environmental sustainability from the operations and supply chain perspective. This book proposes an understandable and innovative viewpoint in explaining sustainable operations management comprehensively as managing operations sustainably at organizational level. Readers will learn the concepts, techniques, and the core factors relating to managing operations, keeping in view various dimensions of sustainability and the macro-level guidelines, norms, regulatory measures, and the like in this context. This book adds to the knowledge on design, planning, and management of sustainable operations, including the specific management approaches. This book includes summary and review questions at the end of each chapter. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in industrial, production, and mechanical engineering, including operations management. It is also recommended as a textbook for courses such as sustainable development, sustainable operations management, and environmental management.