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Virtues as Integral to Science Education: Understanding the Intellectual, Moral, and Civic Value of Science and Scientific Inquiry (Routledge International Studies in the Philosophy of Education)

By investigating the re-emergence of intellectual, moral, and civic virtues in the practice and teaching of science, this text challenges the increasing professionalization of science; questions the view of scientific knowledge as objective; and highlights the relationship between democracy and science. Written by a range of experts in science, the history of science, education and philosophy, the text establishes the historical relationship between natural philosophy and the Aristotelian virtues before moving to the challenges that the relationship faces, with the emergence, and increasing hegemony, brought about by the professionalization of science. Exploring how virtues relate to citizenship, technology, and politics, the chapters in this work illustrate the ways in which virtues are integral to understanding the values and limitations of science, and its role in informing democratic engagement. The text also demonstrates how the guiding virtues of scientific inquiry can be communicated in the classroom to the benefit of both individuals and wider societies. Scholars in the fields of Philosophy of Science, Ethics and Philosophy of Education, as well as Science Education, will find this book to be highly useful.

Virus

What if man were at the mercy of machine?

Virus Bomb: A Novel

What would happen if a nation-state really did launch a serious cyberattack against the United States, perhaps as part of something larger? Jerry Barkley never worked for the government. An IT contractor from Minnesota, he knows nothing about International espionage. But now he's on the front lines of the largest cyber-attack in history and nobody believes his warnings when Jerry discovers the attackers are gathering data to plan a series of bombings and a biological attack. To make things worse, the FBI suspects he's the attacker. Hundreds have already died in bombings and thousands more could die, first from Ebola and then potentially from war with the wrong enemy. Facing willful ignorance and a hostile law-enforcement bureaucracy, Jerry is forced to take action. If he doesn't, who will? He must leave his keyboard comfort zone, armed with nothing but IT skills and quick wits, and go face-to-face with elite foreign agents and shut the attack down.

Virus Detection (Pocket Guides to Biomedical Sciences)

Viruses do not behave as other microbes; their life cycles require infecting healthy cells, commandeering their cellular apparatus, replicating and then killing the host cell. Methods for virus detection and identification have been developed only in the past few decades. These recently developed methods include molecular, physical, and proteomic techniques. All these approaches (Electron Microscopy, Molecular, Direct Counting, and Mass Spectrometry Proteomics) to detection and identification are reviewed in this succinct volume. It is written in approachable language with enough detail for trained professionals to follow and want to recommend to others. Key Features Covers common detection methods Reviews the history of detection from antiquity to the present Documents the strengths and weaknesses of various detection methods Describes how to detect newly discovered viruses Recommends specific applications for clinical, hospital, environmental, and public health uses

Viruses, Hardware and Software Trojans: Attacks and Countermeasures

This book provides readers with a valuable reference on cyber weapons and, in particular, viruses, software and hardware Trojans. The authors discuss in detail the most dangerous computer viruses, software Trojans and spyware, models of computer Trojans affecting computers, methods of implementation and mechanisms of their interaction with an attacker — a hacker, an intruder or an intelligence agent. Coverage includes Trojans in electronic equipment such as telecommunication systems, computers, mobile communication systems, cars and even consumer electronics. The evolutionary path of development of hardware Trojans from "cabinets", "crates" and "boxes" to the microcircuits (IC) is also discussed. Readers will benefit from the detailed review of the major known types of hardware Trojans in chips, principles of their design, mechanisms of their functioning, methods of their introduction, means of camouflaging and detecting, as well as methods of protection and counteraction.

Viruses in all Dimensions: How an Information Code Controls Viruses, Software and Microorganisms

Microorganisms, viruses, and computer programs encode all the information necessary to reproduce and spread themselves. Yet these mechanisms are amazingly similar in the animate world, in the world of viruses, and even in the world of technical systems. The book shows how great the parallels are between these various animate and inanimate replicating systems and what they are based on.The excursion also leads into the fascinating world of genetics, to the question of what defines life and into the programming of software that multiplies itself independently. Finally, the question is derived whether and to what extent such self-replicating technical systems can become as dangerous as infectious viruses in triggering pandemics, such as the Corona pandemic in 2020.

Viscoelastic Interfaces Driven in Disordered Media

This book offers an in-depth study of two well-known models of "avalanche" dynamics, modified minimally by the inclusion of relaxation. Many complex systems respond to continuous inputs of energy by accumulation of stress over time, interrupted by sudden energy releases called avalanches. The first model studied is the viscoelastic interface driven over disorder, which is shown to display the fundamental features of friction. In the mean-field limit, the friction force derived semi-analytically is compatible with laboratory experiments (displaying both velocity weakening and contact aging). In two dimensions, large-scale numerical simulations are in good agreement with the basic features of real earthquakes (Gutenberg-Richter Law, aftershock migration). The second model is a non-Markovian variant of Directed Percolation, in which we observe that the universality class is only partly modified by relaxation, a promising finding with respect to our first model.

Viscoelastic Modeling for Structural Analysis

Viscoelastic Solids (CRC Press Revivals)

Viscoelastic Solids covers the mathematical theory of viscoelasticity and physical insights, causal mechanisms, and practical applications. The book: presents a development of the theory, addressing both transient and dynamic aspects as well as emphasizing linear viscoelasticity synthesizes the structure of the theory with the aim of developing physical insight illustrates the methods for the solution of stress analysis problems in viscoelastic objects explores experimental methods for the characterization of viscoelastic materials describes the phenomenology of viscoelasticity in a variety of materials, including polymers, metals, high damping alloys, rock, piezoelectric materials, cellular solids, dense composite materials, and biological materials analyzes high damping and extremely low damping provides the theory of viscoelastic composite materials, including examples of various types of structure and the relationships between structure and mechanical properties contains examples on the use of viscoelastic materials in preventing and alleviating human suffering Viscoelastic Solids also demonstrates the use of viscoelasticity for diverse applications, such as earplugs, gaskets, computer disks, satellite stability, medical diagnosis, injury prevention, vibration abatement, tire performance, sports, spacecraft explosions, and music.

Viscoelasticity of Polymers

Thisbook offers a comprehensive introduction to polymer rheology with a focus onthe viscoelastic characterization of polymeric materials. It contains variousnumerical algorithms for the processing of viscoelastic data, from basicprinciples to advanced examples which are hard to find in the existingliterature. The book takes a multidisciplinary approach to the study ofthe viscoelasticity of polymers, and is self-contained, including the essentialmathematics, continuum mechanics, polymer science and statistical mechanicsneeded to understand the theories of polymer viscoelasticity. It coversrecent achievements in polymer rheology,such as theoretical and experimental aspects of large amplitude oscillatoryshear (LAOS), and numerical methods for linear viscoelasticity, as well as newinsights into the interpretation of experimental data. Althoughthe book is balanced between the theoretical and experimental aspects ofpolymer rheology, the author's particular interest in the theoretical side willnot remain hidden. Aimed at readers familiar with the mathematics andphysics of engineering at an undergraduate level, the multidisciplinaryapproach employed enables researchers with various scientific backgrounds toexpand their knowledge of polymer rheology in a systematic way.

Viscometry for Liquids

This book is written for scientists involved in the calibration of viscometers. A detailed description for stepping up procedures to establish the viscosity scale and obtaining sets of master viscometers is given in the book. Uncertainty considerations for standard oils of known viscosity are presented. The modern viscometers based on principles of tuning fork, ultrasonic, PZT, plate waves, Love waves, micro-cantilever and vibration of optical fiber are discussed to inspire the reader to further research and to generate improved versions. The primary standard for viscosity is pure water. Measurements of its viscosity with accuracy/uncertainty achieved are described. The principles of rotational and oscillation viscometers are explained to enhance the knowledge in calibration work. Devices used for specific materials and viscosity in non SI units are discussed with respect to the need to correlate viscosity values obtained by various devices. The description of commercial viscometers meets the needs of the user.

Viscous Fluid Flow

"With the appearance and fast evolution of high performance materials, mechanical, chemical and process engineers cannot perform effectively without fluid processing knowledge. The purpose of this book is to explore the systematic application of basic engineering principles to fluid flows that may occur in fluid processing and related activities.In Viscous Fluid Flow, the authors develop and rationalize the mathematics behind the study of fluid mechanics and examine the flows of Newtonian fluids. Although the material deals with Newtonian fluids, the concepts can be easily generalized to non-Newtonian fluid mechanics. The book contains many examples. Each chapter is accompanied by problems where the chapter theory can be applied to produce characteristic results.Fluid mechanics is a fundamental and essential element of advanced research, even for those working in different areas, because the principles, the equations, the analytical, computational and experimental means, and the purpose are common.

Viscous Hypersonic Flow: Theory of Reacting and Hypersonic Boundary Layers

This frequently cited text addresses theories for treating the laminar and turbulent boundary layers of reacting gas mixtures. The theories are developed from fundamentals, and all related chemical, thermodynamic, and physical concepts are described in a fashion that provides a self-contained treatment. In addition, the book presents useful equations for calculating heat transfer between reacting gas boundary layers and reacting, melting, sublimating, and otherwise decomposing surfaces. Designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate engineering courses in modern boundary-layer theory, this volume also serves as a valuable reference for professionals. Along with its thorough coverage of the theories for treating reacting laminar and turbulent boundary layers, the text also describes the underlying theories and methods of calculating transport and thermodynamic properties for dilute gas mixtures. Certain useful concepts from thermochemistry are also examined in detail. All theories are developed from the fundamentals, with a focus on the basic physics of interactions between like and unlike particles and the roles these interactions play in determining the transport properties of reacting gas mixtures.

Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite: A New Operational Cloud Imager

The Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is the next-generation multispectral imaging instrument to fly on US operational, polar-orbiting meteorological satellites. VIIRS will gather data across 22 spectral bands and be used to create products for a variety of applications including weather forecasting and climate change studies. VIIRS

Visible Learning for Science, Grades K-12: What Works Best to Optimize Student Learning

Inquiry, laboratory, project-based learning, discovery learning—which science instructional approach is most effective? In Visible Learning for Science, the authors reveal that it’s not which strategy, but when, and plot a vital K-12 framework for choosing the right approach at the right time, depending on where students are within the three phases of learning: surface, deep, and transfer. Synthesizing state-of-the-art science instruction and assessment with John Hattie’s cornerstone educational research, this book empowers you to plan, develop, and implement high-impact instruction at each phase so all students demonstrate more than a year’s worth of learning for every year in school.

Visible Learning for Science, Grades K-12: What Works Best to Optimize Student Learning

Inquiry, laboratory, project-based learning, discovery learning—which science instructional approach is most effective? In Visible Learning for Science, the authors reveal that it’s not which strategy, but when, and plot a vital K-12 framework for choosing the right approach at the right time, depending on where students are within the three phases of learning: surface, deep, and transfer. Synthesizing state-of-the-art science instruction and assessment with John Hattie’s cornerstone educational research, this book empowers you to plan, develop, and implement high-impact instruction at each phase so all students demonstrate more than a year’s worth of learning for every year in school.

Visible Light Communication

Visible light communication (VLC) is an evolving communication technology for short-range applications. Exploiting recent advances in the development of high-power visible-light emitting LEDs, VLC offers an energy-efficient, clean alternative to RF technology, enabling the development of optical wireless communication systems that make use of existing lighting infrastructure. Drawing on the expertise of leading researchers from across the world, this concise book sets out the theoretical principles of VLC, and outlines key applications of this cutting-edge technology. Providing insight into modulation techniques, positioning and communication, synchronisation, and industry standards, as well as techniques for improving network performance, this is an invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers in the fields of visible light communication, optical wireless communication, and industrial practitioners in the field of telecommunications.

Visible Light Communication: Comprehensive Theory and Applications with MATLAB®

The field of visible light communication (VLC) has diverse applications to the end user including streaming audio, video, high-speed data browsing, voice over internet and online gaming. This comprehensive textbook discusses fundamental aspects, research activities and modulation techniques in the field of VLC. Visible Light Communication: A Comprehensive Theory and Applications with MATLAB® discusses topics including line of sight (LOS) propagation model, non-line of sight (NLOS) propagation model, carrier less amplitude and phase modulation, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), non-linearities of optical sources, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access, non-orthogonal multiple access and single-carrier frequency-division multiple access in depth. Primarily written for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the field of electronics and communication engineering for courses on optical wireless communication and VLC, this book: Provides up-to-date literature in the field of VLC Presents MATLAB codes and simulations to help readers understand simulations Discusses applications of VLC in enabling vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication Covers topics including radio frequency (RF) based wireless communications and VLC Presents modulation formats along with the derivations of probability of error expressions pertaining to different variants of optical OFDM

Visible Light Communication Based Indoor Localization

This book demonstrates the research on VLC based indoor localization in four aspects: first, it constructs the concept and model of the system; second, positioning algorithms, as the main issue in indoor localization, are detailed; third, many approaches are proposed to further improve the positioning performance; fourth, challenges will be detailed. Impulse response with multipath reflections are analyzed. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is proposed, and positioning performance is largely improved compared to On-off-keying (OOK) modulation. The readers will get a broad view of VLC based indoor localization from the background to the future challenges.

Visible Light Communications: Theory and Applications

Visible Light Communications, written by leading researchers, provides a comprehensive overview of theory, stimulation, design, implementation, and applications. The book is divided into two parts – the first devoted to the underlying theoretical concepts of the VLC and the second part covers VLC applications. Visible Light Communications is an emerging topic with multiple functionalities including data communication, indoor localization, 5G wireless communication networks, security, and small cell optimization. This concise book will be of valuable interest from beginners to researchers in the field.

Visible Light Communications (Synthesis Lectures on Communications)

This book describes the methods and application of Visible Light Communication (VLC) and covers topics such as light sources, detectors, VLC systems, optical modulation schemes, optical multiple-access techniques, new VLC standards, and current applications including ubiquitous indoor information services, visible-light wireless LAN (LiFi), underwater optical wireless communications, and VLC with art.

Visible Light Communications: Modulation and Signal Processing (IEEE Series on Digital & Mobile Communication)

A complete and comprehensive reference on modulation and signal processing for visible light communication This informative new book on state-of-the-art visible light communication (VLC) provides, for the first time, a systematical and advanced treatment of modulation and signal processing for VLC. Visible Light Communications: Modulation and Signal Processing offers a practical guide to designing VLC, linking academic research with commercial applications. In recent years, VLC has attracted attention from academia and industry since it has many advantages over the traditional radio frequency, including wide unregulated bandwidth, high security, and low cost. It is a promising complementary technique in 5G and beyond wireless communications, especially in indoor applications. However, lighting constraints have not been fully considered in the open literature when considering VLC system design, and its importance has been underestimated. That’s why this book—written by a team of experts with both academic research experience and industrial development experience in the field—is so welcome. To help readers understand the theory and design of VLC systems, the book: Details many modern techniques on both modulation and signal processing aspects Links academic research with commercial applications in visible light communications as well as other wireless communication systems Combines theoretical rigor with practical examples in presenting optical camera communication systems Visible Light Communications: Modulation and Signal Processing serves as a useful tool and reference book for visible light communication professionals, as well as wireless communication system professionals and project managers. It is also an important guide for undergraduates and graduates who want to conduct research in areas of wireless communications.

Visible Light Photocatalyzed Redox-Neutral Organic Reactions and Synthesis of Novel Metal-Organic Frameworks

This unique thesis discusses the development of conceptually novel and synthetically valuable methods that use visible light photocatalysis. Each chapter addresses a different topic in the emerging field of photocatalysis, which has become an indispensable tool for organic synthesis. Photocatalysis employs environmentally harmless and abundant visible light in the presence of a photosensitizer, and as such offers an attractive alternative to harmful UV light in photo-mediated reactions. This book introduces the novel concept of merging gold catalysis with visible light photocatalysis in a dual catalytic fashion, which demonstrates their compatibility with each other for first time and has inspired the development of various reactions. Moreover, a novel trifluoromethylation method, which combines radical addition chemistry with a polar rearrangement to synthesize valuable fluorinated compounds, is presented, since compounds featuring fluorinated functionality are the subject of increasing attention in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and material research. It also develops an external photocatalyst-free photochemical method for the synthesis of valuable indolizine heterocycles, where the product mediates its own formation. Lastly, it describes the synthesis and characterization of two novel highly porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The comprehensive text is rounded out with illustrations and color figures.

Vision and Art

<p>With the original release of Vision and Art in 2002, Harvard professor Margaret Livingstone successfully bridged the gap between science and art, exploring how great painters fool the brain: why Mona Lisa’s smile seems so mysterious, or Monet’s Poppy Field appears to sway. In the revised and expanded edition, Livingstone presents two new chapters of her latest observations, has substantially expanded other chapters, and updates the rest of the existing text with new insights gleaned from her ongoing research, bringing the book to the cutting edge in the field of neuroscience. <p>Accompanying Livingstone’s lively prose are many charts and diagrams that lucidly illustrate her points, as well as in-depth analyses of the phenomena found in major works of art. Be it the explanation of common optical illusions or the breakdown of techniques painters use to create those illusions, Vision and Art provides a wealth of information for artists, scholars, and scientists alike.</p>

Vision and Art with Two Eyes (Vision, Illusion and Perception #3)

This book celebrates binocular vision by presenting illustrations that require two eyes to see the effects of cooperation and competition between them. Pictures are flat but by printing them in different colours and viewing them through similarly coloured filters (included with the book) they are brought to life either in stereoscopic depth or in rivalry with one another. They are called anaglyphs and all those in the book display the ways in which the eyes interact. Thus, the reader is an integral element in the book and not all readers will see the same things. The history, science and art of binocular vision can be experienced in ways that are not usually available to us and with images made specifically for this book. The study of vision with two eyes was transformed by the invention of stereoscopes in the early 19th century. Anaglyphs are simple forms of stereoscopes that have three possible outcomes from viewing them – with each eye alone to see the monocular images, with both eyes to see them in stereoscopic depth or rivalry, or without the red/cyan glasses where they can have an appeal independent of the binocularity they encompass. Through the binocular pictures and the words that accompany them there will be an appreciation of just how remarkable the processes are that yield binocular singleness and depth. Moreover, the opportunities for expressing these processes are explored with many examples of truly binocular art.