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Understanding Satellite Communications: The Stochastic Geometry Perspective
by Shuai Wang Jinpeng Song Xiaqing Miao Gaofeng PanThis book aims to analyze and model satellite communication systems while taking into account the variable transmission performance that occurs due to randomness in space, aerial, and terrestrial terminals. The book covers both conceptual principles and practical engineering applications, with an emphasis on the latter. Readers will gain a deep understanding of several major topics, including satellite-terrestrial communications, satellite-aerial communications, satellite-aerial-terrestrial communications, and terrestrial-satellite-terrestrial communications. A key feature of this book is its comprehensive and systematic treatment of satellite communication issues, making it an ideal resource for anyone interested in learning about various application scenarios in this field. Researchers, engineers, and graduate students in wireless communications, signal processing, and related areas will find this book highly valuable.
Understanding Social Sustainability in a Hill Town: Water Governance in Shillong (Transition in Northeastern India)
by Bankerlang KharmylliemNestled amidst rolling hills, Shillong, the Himalayan capital city of Meghalaya in India’s northeast, faces a growing challenge of water scarcity. This timely book examines the role of urban and traditional village councils (the Khasi dorbar shnong) in shaping equitable water distribution and management through the lens of social sustainability. The book navigates through the complexities of water governance, shedding light on the challenges and opportunities and elucidating the interplay between tradition and modernity in urban governance. It also features narratives of success and struggle, and covers diverse themes, including social capital and gender. It initially foregrounds social sustainability setting the context for the study. It ventures into a detailed examination of the institutions of the village councils, with particular attention to water equity and water governance, including highlighting differences between municipal and non-municipal areas. The volume offers significant theoretical and empirical insights into Shillong's water challenges, filling a gap in the literature on northeast hill towns/cities.Part of Transitions in Northeastern India series, this book will be valuable to a diverse audience including students, researchers, policy practitioners, community leaders, and general readers interested in urban studies, sociology, development studies, public administration, Asian studies, sustainability, and those concerned about our urban-water future.
Understanding Solid State Physics
by Sharon Ann HolgateKeeping the mathematics to a minimum yet losing none of the required rigor, Understanding Solid State Physics, Second Edition clearly explains basic physics principles to provide a firm grounding in the subject. This new edition has been fully updated throughout, with recent developments and literature in the field, including graphene and the use of quasicrystalline materials, in addition to featuring new journalistic boxes and the reciprocal lattice. The author underscores the technological applications of the physics discussed and emphasizes the multidisciplinary nature of scientific research. After introducing students to solid state physics, the text examines the various ways in which atoms bond together to form crystalline and amorphous solids. It also describes the measurement of mechanical properties and the means by which the mechanical properties of solids can be altered or supplemented for particular applications. The author discusses how electromagnetic radiation interacts with the periodic array of atoms that make up a crystal and how solids react to heat on both atomic and macroscopic scales. She then focuses on conductors, insulators, semiconductors, and superconductors, including some basic semiconductor devices. The final chapter addresses the magnetic properties of solids as well as applications of magnets and magnetism. This accessible textbook provides a useful introduction to solid state physics for undergraduates who feel daunted by a highly mathematical approach. By relating the theories and concepts to practical applications, it shows how physics is used in the real world. Key features: Fully updated throughout, with new journalistic boxes and recent applications Uses an accessible writing style and format, offering journalistic accounts of interesting research, worked examples, self-test questions, and a helpful glossary of frequently used terms Highlights various technological applications of physics, from locomotive lights to medical scanners to USB flash drives
Understanding Solids: The Science of Materials
by Richard J. TilleyExplore a comprehensive and illuminating introductory text to the science of solid materials from a leading voice in the field The newly revised Third Edition of Understanding Solids: The Science of Materials delivers a complete yet concise treatment of the basic properties and chemical and physical behaviors of solid materials. Following a completely revised opening set of chapters in which the basic properties of solids—including atomic structure, chemical bonding, crystallography, and phase relationships—are discussed, the book goes on to describe new developments in the areas of batteries and fuel cells, perovskite solar cells, lighting and displays, nanoparticles, whiskers, and sheets. The distinguished author has also added sections about organic framework structures, superionic conductors, mechanochemistry, bi-layer graphene, hologram formation and recording, and the optics of nanoparticle arrays and thermochromic materials. Each chapter includes a Further Reading section to help students accumulate additional knowledge on the topic within and new problems have been added throughout the book. Readers will also enjoy the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the states of aggregation, including atoms and bonding, microstructures and phase relationships, and crystal structures and defects A comprehensive overview of different categories of solids, including metals, crystalline silicates, inorganic ceramics, and silicate glasses An exploration of reactions and transformations, including diffusion and ionic conductivity, phase transformations, and phase reactions A treatment of oxidation and reduction, including galvanic cells and chemical analysis Perfect for undergraduate students in sciences, engineering, and technology, Understanding Solids: The Science of Materials will also earn a place in the libraries of anyone seeking a thoroughly up to date, one-stop reference to the science of solid materials.
Understanding Solids
by Richard J. TilleyThe second edition of a modern introduction to the chemistry and physics of solids. This textbook takes a unique integrated approach designed to appeal to both science and engineering students.Review of 1st edition"an extremely wide-ranging, useful book that is accessible to anyone with a firm grasp of high school science...this is an outstanding and affordable resource for the lifelong learner or current student." Choice, 2005The book provides an introduction to the chemistry and physics of solids that acts as a foundation to courses in materials science, engineering, chemistry, and physics. It is equally accessible to both engineers and scientists, through its more scientific approach, whilst still covering the material essential to engineers.This edition contains new sections on the use of computing methods to solve materials problems and has been thoroughly updated to include the many developments and advances made in the past 10 years, e.g. batteries, solar cells, lighting technology, lasers, graphene and graphene electronics, carbon nanotubes, and the Fukashima nuclear disaster.The book is carefully structured into self-contained bite-sized chapters to enhance student understanding and questions have been designed to reinforce the concepts presented.The supplementary website includes Powerpoint slides and a host of additional problems and solutions.
Understanding Spectrum Liberalisation
by Martin Sims Toby Youell Richard WomersleyUntil the 1990s, almost all spectrum licenses were given away practically for free-even the first mobile licenses which laid the foundation for multi-billion dollar companies that dominate stock markets around the world. In the past fifteen years, there has been a concerted attempt to liberalise the sector and make it more open to market forces. Th
Understanding Structural Engineering: From Theory to Practice
by Wai-Fah Chen Salah El-Din El-MetwallyIn our world of seemingly unlimited computing, numerous analytical approaches to the estimation of stress, strain, and displacement-including analytical, numerical, physical, and analog techniques-have greatly advanced the practice of engineering. Combining theory and experimentation, computer simulation has emerged as a third path for engineering
Understanding Structures: An Introduction to Structural Analysis
by Mete A. Sozen Toshikatsu IchinoseBefore structural mechanics became the common language of structural engineers, buildings were built based on observed behavior, with every new solution incurring high levels of risk. Today, the pendulum has swung in the other direction. The web of structural mechanics is so finely woven that it hides the role of experience in design, again leading to high levels of risk.Understanding Structures brings the art and science of structures into the environment of a computer game. The book imparts a basic understanding of how buildings and bridges resist gravity, wind, and earthquake loads. Its interactive presentation of topics spans elementary concepts of force in trusses to bending of beams and the response of multistory, multi-bay frames. Formulate Graphical and Quantitative Solutions with GOYA The companion software, GOYA, runs easily on any java-enabled system. This interactive learning environment allows engineers to obtain quick and instructive graphical and quantitative solutions to many problems in structures. Simulation is critical to the design and construction of safe structures. Using GOYA and the tools within Understanding Structures, engineers can enhance their overall understanding of structure response as well as expedite the process of safe structure design.
Understanding Surface and Thin Film Science
by Thomas M. ChristensenThis book is a conceptual overview of surface and thin film science, providing a basic and straightforward understanding of the most common ideas and methods used in these fields. Fundamental scientific ideas, deposition methods and characterization methods are all examined. Relying on simple, conceptual models and figures, fundamental scientific ideas are introduced and then applied to surfaces and thin films in the first half of the book. Topics include vacuum and plasma environments, crystal structure, atomic motion, thermodynamics, electrical and magnetic properties, optical and thermal properties, and adsorbed atoms on surfaces. Common methods of gas phase thin film deposition are then introduced, starting with an overview of the film growth process and then a discussion of both physical and chemical vapor deposition methods. This is followed by an overview of a wide range of characterization techniques including imaging, structural, chemical, electrical, magnetic, optical, thermal, and mechanical techniques. Thin film science is a natural extension of surface science, especially as applications involve thinner and thinner films; distinct from other literature in the field, this book combines the two topics in a single volume. Simple, conceptual models and figures are used, supported by some mathematical expressions, to convey key ideas to students as well as practicing engineers, scientists, and technicians.
Understanding Technological Systems (Synthesis Lectures on Engineering, Science, and Technology)
by John Krupczak, Jr.This book is about understanding technology using the perspective of systems. It addresses the need for an accessible approach to understanding the broad range of technological devices and systems that create the modern world. Understanding technological systems offers an introduction to engineering and technology centered on the underlying structure common to all technological objects. This framework views technological systems as created using components to provide specific capabilities or functions. Components contributing well-defined functions interact with other components to create systems. Major topics include the concepts of technological function and the embedding of functional capabilities in physical components, the hierarchical nature of systems, and the clustering of related systems into technological domains. The book fills the gap between engineering science and engineering design.
Understanding the Analytic Hierarchy Process (Chapman & Hall/CRC Series in Operations Research)
by Konrad KulakowskiThe aim of this book is to provide the reader with a critical guide to AHP. In this book, the AHP method is considered primarily as a mathematical technique supporting the decision-making process. This method provides a convenient and versatile framework for modelling multi-criteria decision problems, evaluating alternatives and deriving final priorities. Rather than imposing a correct decision, AHP allows the user to create a ranking of alternatives, then choose the one which is the best (or among the best). At the core of AHP is a pairwise comparisons (PC) method. This is an old technique known in various forms since at least the Middle Ages.
UNDERSTANDING THE BENEFITS AND RISKS OF PHARMACEUTICALS: Workshop Summary
by Institute of Medicine of the National AcademiesThe National Academies Press (NAP)--publisher for the National Academies--publishes more than 200 books a year offering the most authoritative views, definitive information, and groundbreaking recommendations on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and health. Our books are unique in that they are authored by the nation's leading experts in every scientific field.
Understanding the Bigger Energy Picture: DESERTEC and Beyond (SpringerBriefs in Energy)
by Michael DürenThis book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.This book focuses on the global cycles of energy, water and carbon, which are not only the essentials of our main energy carriers, the fossil fuels, but are also the building blocks of life. The book offers an overview of the basic scientific facts and relationships that are needed to understand today’s energy generation and use, how they relate to global climate, the water cycle and other resources, and the complexities of energy policy. Building on the work of the Desertec project, it presents the main technological options that we will have in a world after the “Energiewende” and presents the possible future solutions for a sustainable world. The book is written in an engaging, descriptive style that can be understood by those without specific knowledge of science or economics and allows readers to form their own conclusions. Controversy rages over energy problems, climate change and their possible solutions. Expressions like “climate deniers”, “renaissance of nuclear energy”, “stop the war on coal”, and “Energiewende now” represent a diversity of opinions that divide our society and political leaders. This book shows the reader the whole energy picture and how it is part of the wider global problems of overpopulation and uncontrolled economies in a world of limited resources.
Understanding the Building Regulations
by Simon PolleyDo you need a concise, jargon-free and compact guide to the UK building regulations? Simon Polley boils down the regulations to their basic features, explaining the core principles behind them. Easy to read and light enough to carry around with you, this is the ideal introduction to a vital part of your remit as a building control officer, architect or surveyor. Updated with the extensive 2013 changes, and illustrated with cartoons and diagrams.
Understanding the Business of Global Media in the Digital Age
by Micky Lee Dal Yong JinThis new introductory textbook provides students with the tools they need to understand the way digital technologies have transformed the global media business of the 21st century. Focusing on three main approaches – media economics, critical political economy, and production studies – the authors provide an empirically rich analysis of ownership, organizational structures and culture, business strategies, markets, networks of strategic alliances, and state policies as they relate to global media. Examples throughout involve both traditional and digital media and are taken from different regions and countries to illustrate how the media business is influenced by interconnected historical, political, economic, and social factors. In addition to introducing today’s convergent world of global media, the book gives readers a greater understanding of their own potential roles within the global media industries.
Understanding the Digital Generation: Teaching and Learning in the New Digital Landscape
by Ted McCain Ian Jukes Lee CrockettAn innovative look at reshaping the educational experiences of 21st-century learners! Inspiring thoughtful discussion that leads to change, this reader-friendly resource examines how the new digital landscape is transforming teaching and learning in an environment of standards, accountability, and high-stakes testing and why informed leadership is so critical. The authors present powerful strategies and compelling viewpoints, underscore the necessity of developing relevant classroom experiences, and discuss: Attributes common among digital learners; The concepts of neuroplasticity and the hyperlinked mind; An educational approach that supports traditional literacy skills alongside 21st-century fluencies; Evaluation methods that encompass how digital generation students process new information.
Understanding the Digital Transformation of Socio-Economic-Technological Systems: Dedicated to the 120th Anniversary of Economic Education at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #951)
by Tatiana Kudryavtseva Mohammed Ali Berawi Tessaleno Campos Devezas Sergey Evgenievich BarykinThis book is dedicated to the 120th anniversary of economic education at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU). It gathers the best and most recent research materials of scientists from SPbPU’s Institute of Industrial Management, Economics and Trade and their colleagues from other universities.This book reflects many years of experience, unique results and interesting discoveries made by collaborative teams exploring the following issues: engineering economics, sustainable development and other topics related to the digitalization of enterprises, industries and systems; digital transformation of the service market in the face of global challenges; automation of enterprise control systems, digital and data management solutions for business; socio-economic development and territorial management in the era of Industry 4.0, etc. This book offers various views on challenges faced by today's economy and industry that are undoubtedly relevant to readers of almost all categories: from students to practitioners and scientists, but mostly for researchers.
Understanding the Dynamics of Nuclear Power and the Reduction of CO2 Emissions: A System Dynamics Approach
by Hassan Qudrat-UllahThis books explains a strategy that a country can meet its CO2 emission reduction targets (e.g., as are in Paris Agreement) with a dominant share of nuclear power with a balanced energy supply mix. The book starts with an introduction to the subject of energy policy, mechanisms, and CO2 emissions, and the complexity of the CO2 reduction goal. It introduces the system dynamics approach as a solution modeling approach for dealing with the complexity of CO2 reducing policies and mechanisms. The book presents the dynamic model and its key parameters and then elaborates the structural and behavioral validity of the dynamic model. The book gives an intensive review to do that comparative analysis involving China, India, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Pakistan. The last half of the book focuses on the case in Pakistan. The author reviews Pakistan’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution and other key sources from Pakistan’s Ministry of Energy and related institutions. Using Pakistan’s case data, the author applies the system dynamics modeling approach whereby a dynamic model, capable of representing the important interactions among various sectors of the electricity supply sector of Pakistan. This book is intended to be of use to policymakers, managers and practitioners, teachers, researchers, and students of design and assessment of policymaking for the complex, dynamic energy systems
Understanding the Failure of Materials and Structures: An Introduction
by David JessonUnderstanding the Failure of Materials and Structures introduces practical aspects of mechanical characterisation of materials and structures. It gives those with little or no prior experience insight into the process of developing everyday products, issues behind some high-profile failures, and tools to begin planning a programme of research.Written in an easily accessible manner, the work discusses fundamentals of the physical world, highlighting the range of materials used and varied applications, and offers a brief history of materials development. It covers the role of materials structure in controlling materials properties and describes mechanical properties, such as stress, strain, stiffness, fracture, and fatigue. The book also features information on various modes of testing and strain measurement. It provides some discussion on topics that go beyond well-behaved test coupons, with thoughts on biomechanics, megastructures, and testing for applications in extreme environments. Finally, it covers how materials fail and the future of physical testing.With minimal theory and mathematics, this work presents the fundamentals of mechanical characterisation of materials and structures in a manner accessible to the novice materials investigator and the layperson interested in the science behind materials engineered for use in common and advanced products.
Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface of Arsenic - As 2012: Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, 22-27 July 2012, Cairns, Australia (Arsenic in the Environment - Proceedings)
by Jack C. Ng Barry N. Noller Ravi Naidu Jochen Bundschuh Prosun BhattacharyaThe congress "Arsenic in the Environment" offers an international, multi- and interdisciplinary discussion platform for arsenic research aimed at practical solutions of problems with considerable social impact, as well as focusing on cutting edge and breakthrough research in physical, chemical, toxicological, medical and other specific issues on ar
Understanding the Impact of Human Interventions on the Hydrology of Nile Basin Headwaters, the Case of Upper Tekeze Catchments (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Tesfay Gebretsadkan GebremicaelThe availability and distribution of water resources in catchments are influenced by various natural and anthropogenic factors. Human-induced environmental changes are key factors controlling the hydrological flows of semi-arid catchments. Land degradation, water scarcity and inefficient utilization of available water resources continue to be important constraints for socio-economic development in the headwater catchments of the Nile river basin in particular over the Ethiopian Catchments. This research investigates the impact of landscape anthropogenic changes on the hydrological processes in the Upper Tekeze basin (A tributary of the Nile). The hydrology of the basin is investigated through analysis of hydro-climatic data, remote sensing techniques, new field measurements and parsimonious hydrological models. The empirical evidence provided in this book confirms that human-induced environmental changes can significantly change the hydrology of catchments, both in negative (degradation) and in positive (restoration) ways. This book also shows that rainfall-runoff relationships in semi-arid catchments are non-uniform and hence the application of hydrological models in such catchments need special attention. Moreover, parsimonious dynamic hydrological model improves our understanding of the hydrological response to dynamic environmental changes.
Understanding the Japanese Food and Agrimarket: A Multifaceted Opportunity
by Andrew D O'RourkeThe contributing authors of Understanding the Japanese Food and Agrimarket discuss broad forces that affect markets in Japan and specific situations faced in marketing grain, livestock, and seafood products; fruits; vegetables; and wood products. Many of the contributors speak and read Japanese and have lived in Japan for extensive periods; they are able to give deep insights into how and why the Japanese consumption and distribution system behaves as it does. They draw on their expertise to fully explore various Japanese food and fiber markets. As they demystify the Japanese market, they illustrate for readers several systematic approaches to mastering the Japanese food and fiber markets.Readers will discover that effective long-term marketing strategies in Japan must be based on sound analytical information. The contributors provide such needed material with chapters on items as diverse as wine, grain products, beef, and fruits and vegetables. Some of the specific topics covered include:changes in Japanese food consumptionJapanese food distribution systemdemand for beef products in Japandemand for vegetables and vegetable seedsJapanese wine marketdemand for bakery productsnew food products for the Japanese marketdeveloping trade relations in wood productsExecutives of commodity associations or firms exporting foods to Japan will find the general sections most interesting as well as chapters specific to their products. Teachers and students exploring exporting to the Japanese market will be intrigued by the various dimensions of the “multifaceted” nature and opportunities of the Japanese market.
Understanding the Manufacturing Process: Key to Successful Cad/cam Implementation
by Joseph Harrington Jr.This book approaches manufacturing as a basic problem of making a desired end-product from bulk raw materials. It encompasses the entire gamut of activities from product concept to maintenance of past products in the field, and everything in between.
Understanding the Metaverse: Applications, Challenges, and the Future (Blockchain Technologies)
by Keshav Kaushik Gunjan ChhabraThis book highlights the numerous potentials and concerns involved with using the metaverse. Furthermore, the project discusses countermeasures to protect any firm from these risks. Insights into practical solutions may assist organizations in using this new business model by raising awareness and preparing them to improve. The book helps readers get insights into technology's future, i.e., the metaverse. The application areas of the metaverse is quite vast, but it also includes security and privacy issues. Addressing the security issues is the need of the hour. Developers are designing the applications, and users are ready to use them, but on the other side, many security issues need to be focused on. Hence, along with the applications, this book helps the reader understand these hidden security and privacy issues.
Understanding the Microbiome Interactions in Agriculture and the Environment
by Pallaval Veera BramhachariThis book illustrates the importance of microbiome interactions in sustainable agriculture and the environment. The chapters of the book provide information pertaining to the vast diversity of microbiomes in many ecosystems and their functional dynamics. The book also discusses bioremediation, space microbiomes, geo microbiomes, coral microbiomes, antibiotic resistomes, and rhizomicrobiome. It also sheds light on the complex syntrophic and other symbiotic interactions between bacteria, protists, plants, and certain animals in agricultural and environmental systems. The book, in turn, provides an understanding of the adaptation, resilience, and evolution of microbial ecosystems. Further, the chapters cover metagenomics analysis of microbiomes of a novel or extreme environments, microbial resilience or temporal fluctuations, symbiosis and co-evolution of the microbiome, and novel microbial interactions in agriculture and environment. Finally, the book elucidates a comprehensive yet representative description of complex structural and functional diversity within the plant and environmental microbiomes to reveal their immense potential. This book covers United Nations Sustainable Developmental Goal 2 towards Zero Hunger.