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Transport Simulation: Beyond Traditional Approaches
by Edward ChungIn recent years, the transport simulation of large road networks has become far more rapid and detailed, and many exciting developments in this field have emerged. Within this volume, the authors describe the simulation of automobile, pedestrian, and rail traffic coupled to new applications, such as the embedding of traffic simulation into driving simulators, to give a more realistic environment of driver behavior surrounding the subject vehicle. New approaches to traffic simulation are described, including the hybrid mesoscopic-microscopic model and floor-field agent-based simulation. Written by an invited panel of experts, this book addresses students, engineers, and scholars, as well as anyone who needs a state-of-the-art overview of transport simulation today.
Transport Studies of the Electrical, Magnetic and Thermoelectric properties of Topological Insulator Thin Films
by Jinsong ZhangThis book presentsthe transport studies of topological insulator thin films grown by molecularbeam epitaxy. Through band structure engineering, the ideal topologicalinsulators, (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 ternary alloys, are successfully fabricated, whichpossess truly insulating bulk and tunable conducting surface states. Furthertransport measurements on these ternary alloys reveal a disentanglement betweenthe magnetoelectric and thermoelectric properties. In magnetically dopedtopological insulators, the fascinating quantum anomalous Hall effect wasexperimentally observed for the first time. Moreover, the topology-drivenmagnetic quantum phase transition was Systematically controlled by varying thestrength of the spin-orbital coupling. Readers will not only benefit from thedescription of the technique of transport measurements, but will also be inspired bythe understanding of topological insulators.
Transport Systems and Delivery of Cargo on East–West Routes (Studies In Systems, Decision And Control #155)
by Aleksander SładkowskiThis book discusses the problems of delivering goods from East and South-East Asia to Europe, presenting the regional transport problems experienced in Italy, Slovakia, Russia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Poland. The book is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to the analysis of various issues in global logistics and regional transport, which operate in transport corridors. The second part of the book focuses on solutions to some of the technical and informatics problems related to the organization of transportation along the East–West routes. Intended primarily for professionals involved in various aspects of cargo delivery along the East–West routes, the book is also useful for manufacturers, technical staff at logistics companies, managers, students of transport-related subjects, as well as for a wide range of readers interested in the current state of transport in different countries.
Transport Systems and Processes: Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
by Adam Weintrit Tomasz NeumannThe TransNav 2011 Symposium held at the Gdynia Maritime University, Poland in June 2011 has brought together a wide range of participants from all over the world. The program has offered a variety of contributions, allowing to look at many aspects of the navigational safety from various different points of view. Topics presented and discussed at th
Transport Systems and Urban Logistics (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #1257)
by Elżbieta Macioszek Grzegorz Sierpiński Sebastian NaumannThis book contains an abundance of numerical analyses based on significant data sets, illustrating the close affiliation between mobility and quality of life. What types of solutions can transform an urban zone into a Smart City? What parameters are important in the problem of optimizing supply strategies, especially at last-mile stage? How to use multi-criteria analysis when selecting parking locations? How to examine the condition of infrastructure and what impact it may have on delays in tram traffic? How to combine activities related to the suburbanization process with the integration of tariffs in public transport? This book provides you with answers to these and many other questions. With regard to the research results discussed and the selected solutions applied, the book primarily addresses the needs of three target groups: Scientists and researchers (ITS field) Local authorities (responsible for the transport systems at the urban and regional level) Representatives of business (traffic strategy management) and industry (manufacturers of ITS components). This book gathers selected papers presented at the 20th “Transport Systems. Theory and Practice” Scientific and Technical Conference organised by the Department of Transport Systems, Traffic Engineering and Logistics at the Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering of the Silesian University of Technology. The conference was held on 10–11 September 2024 in Katowice (Poland).
Transport Systems: Modelling, Planning, and Evaluation
by Milan JanicThe transport sector consists of different modes of transport, each serving a growing demand for transporting people and goods. This (growing) demand on the one hand, needs expanding the systems’ capacity, and on the other hand, increasing the corresponding economic efficiency, effectiveness, and environmental and social friendliness. This implies development of a ‘greener’, i.e. a more sustainable transport sector. The book describes the current and prospective state of the art analytical modelling, conceptual planning, and multi-criteria evaluation of the selected cases of transport systems operated by different transport modes such as road, rail, sea, air, and intermodal. As such, the book is unique in addressing these three important aspects of dealing with transport systems before implementation of their particular components means by the selected cases. It will be particularly useful for readers from the academia and the professionals from the transport sector.
Transport Transitions: Proceedings of the 10th TRA Conference, 2024, Dublin, Ireland - Volume 2: Sustainable Transport Development (Lecture Notes in Mobility)
by Bidisha Ghosh Marina Efthymiou Ciaran McNally Páraic Carroll Beatriz Martinez-Pastor Nikolaos Valantasis-KanellosThis is an open access book. It gathers the proceedings of the 10th edition of Transport Research Arena (TRA 2024), held on 15-18 April, 2024, in Dublin, Ireland. Contributions cover a wide range of research findings, methodological aspects, technologies and policy issues that are currently reshaping the transport and mobility system in different parts of Europe. Bridging between academic research, industrial developments, and regulations, this book offers a comprehensive review of the state-of-the art in transportation, with a special emphasis on topics concerning digital transition in transport, and inclusive and sustainable mobility alike. This is the second volume of a 6-volume set.
Transport Transitions: Proceedings of the 10th TRA Conference, 2024, Dublin, Ireland - Volume 3: Eco-efficient Mobility Systems (Lecture Notes in Mobility)
by Bidisha Ghosh Marina Efthymiou Ciaran McNally Páraic Carroll Beatriz Martinez-Pastor Nikolaos Valantasis-KanellosThis is an open access book. It gathers the proceedings of the 10th edition of Transport Research Arena (TRA 2024), held on 15-18 April, 2024, in Dublin, Ireland. Contributions cover a wide range of research findings, methodological aspects, technologies and policy issues that are currently reshaping the transport and mobility system in different parts of Europe. Bridging between academic research, industrial developments, and regulations, this book offers a comprehensive review of the state-of-the art in transportation, with a special emphasis on topics concerning digital transition in transport, and inclusive and sustainable mobility alike. This is the third volume of a 6-volume set.
Transport and Coherent Structures in Wall Turbulence
by Sedat TarduWall bounded turbulent flows are of major importance in industrial and environmental fluid mechanics. The structure of the wall turbulence is intrinsically related to the coherent structures that play a fundamental role in the transport process. The comprehension of their regeneration mechanism is indispensable for the development of efficient strategies in terms of drag control and near wall turbulence management. This book provides an up-to-date overview on the progress made in this specific area in recent years.
Transport and Fluctuations in Granular Fluids
by Andrea PuglisiThis brief offers a concise presentation of granular fluids from the point of view of non-equilibrium statistical physics. The emphasis is on fluctuations, which can be large in granular fluids due to the small system size (the number of grains is many orders of magnitude smaller than in molecular fluids). Firstly, readers will be introduced to the most intriguing experiments on fluidized granular fluids. Then granular fluid theory, which goes through increasing levels of coarse-graining and emerging collective phenomena, is described. Problems and questions are initially posed at the level of kinetic theory, which describes particle densities in full or reduced phase-space. Some answers become clear through hydrodynamics, which describes the evolution of slowly evolving fields. Granular fluctuating hydrodynamics, which builds a bridge to the most recent results in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, is also introduced. Further and more interesting answers come when the dynamics of a massive intruder are discussed. Such non-equilibrium stochastic process offers a more precise and compact picture of the features foreseen at the more detailed levels of description. The dynamics of an intruder diffusing in a granular fluid reveal the clearest connection with recent theories on stochastic energetics and stochastic thermodynamics.
Transport and Interactions of Chlorides in Cement-based Materials
by Caijun Shi Qiang Yuan Fuqiang He Xiang HuChloride-induced corrosion is the most important durability issue of reinforced concrete structures, and the prediction and prevention of chloride-induced corrosion has attracted considerable interest all over the world. Given that chloride penetrates through the concrete cover, the issues concerning its transport are crucial. These include testing methods, prediction, and the prevention of ingress. During the transport process, physical and chemical interaction occurs between chloride and cement hydrates, which in turn affects the further transport, so the transport of chloride and these interactions are closely related and underpin our understanding of chloride-induced corrosion in RC structures. This book provides in-depth discussion of chloride transport and its interaction in cement-based materials, and reviews and summarizes the state of the art. The mechanisms and testing methods for chloride transport, chemical interactions of chloride with cement hydrates, chloride binding isotherms, measurement of penetration depths, factors affecting chloride transport, and modeling of chloride transport are discussed in detail. This book serves as a reference for researchers or engineer, and a textbook for graduate students.
Transport and Mixing in Laminar Flows
by Roman Grigoriev Heinz Georg SchusterThis book provides readers from academia and industry with an up-to-date overview of important advances in the field, dealing with such fundamental fluid mechanics problems as nonlinear transport phenomena and optimal control of mixing at the micro- and nanoscale. The editors provide both in-depth knowledge of the topic as well as vast experience in guiding an expert team of authors. The review style articles offer a coherent view of the micromixing methods, resulting in a much-needed synopsis of the theoretical models needed to direct experimental research and establish engineering principles for future applications. Since these processes are governed by nonlinear phenomena, this book will appeal to readers from both communities: fluid mechanics and nonlinear dynamics.
Transport and Safety: Systems, Approaches, and Implementation (Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering)
by Geetam Tiwari Dinesh MohanThis volume addresses a variety of issues on traffic safety policy, ranging from issues of climate change, urban equity, and transport safety, in a broad global and societal context, while retaining situation-specific details. Written by international experts on issues of transportation and traffic safety, it will be of special interest to advanced researchers in the engineering and planning disciplines working on these issues as well as policy makers concerned with setting up institutions and legislations for traffic safety.
Transport and Turbulence in Quasi-Uniform and Versatile Bose-Einstein Condensates (Springer Theses)
by Gauthier GuillaumeAdvancing the experimental study of superfluids relies on increasingly sophisticated techniques. We develop and demonstrate the loading of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) into nearly arbitrary trapping potentials, with a resolution improved by a factor of seven when compared to reported systems. These advanced control techniques have since been adopted by several cold atoms labs around the world.How this BEC system was used to study 2D superfluid dynamics is described. In particular, negative temperature vortex states in a two-dimensional quantum fluid were observed. These states were first predicted by Lars Onsager 70 years ago and have significance to 2D turbulence in quantum and classical fluids, long-range interacting systems, and defect dynamics in high-energy physics. These experiments have established dilute-gas BECs as the prototypical system for the experimental study of point vortices and their nonequilibrium dynamics. We also developed a new approach to superfluid circuitry based on classical acoustic circuits, demonstrating its conceptual and quantitative superiority over previous lumped-element models. This has established foundational principles of superfluid circuitry that will impact the design of future transport experiments and new generation quantum devices, such as atomtronics circuits and superfluid sensors.
Transport by Pipelines and Its Optimization: A Sustainable Approach to the Design (Petroleum Engineering)
by Pablo Druetta Remo Frabotta Gustavo Luis CavalloThis textbook introduces pipeline design, one of the most efficient techniques for mass and energy transport available today. The global economy heavily relies on pipelines. However, designing a pipeline is more complex than it might seem; it involves many technical and economic factors that must work together to create an optimized system. The book begins with basic concepts of pipelines, including a description of the materials used, heat transfer between the system and medium, and the main components of pumping and compression stations, which are vital for the subsequent chapters. It then presents a simple yet detailed overview of these factors and introduces a mathematical methodology that combines them to deliver an optimized pipe design, minimizing costs and reducing energy consumption. The book also covers the transient verification of this design using well-known balance equations and material property relationships for both incompressible and compressible fluids, to validate the initial design. Finally, the book explores the analysis of multiphase pipelines, where the goal is to transport a particular material (e.g., solid) using a different medium (e.g., air or water).
Transport in Laser Microfabrication: Fundamentals and Applications
by Costas P. GrigoropoulosEmphasizing the fundamentals of transport phenomena, this book provides researchers and practitioners with the technical background they need to understand laser-induced microfabrication and materials processing at small scales. It clarifies the laser/materials coupling mechanisms, and discusses the nanoscale confined laser interactions that constitute powerful tools for top-down nanomanufacturing. In addition to discussing key and emerging applications to modern technology, with particular respect to electronics, advanced topics such as the use of lasers for nanoprocessing and nanomachining, the interaction with polymer materials, nanoparticles and clusters, and the processing of thin films are also covered.
Transport in Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structures
by Hamid BentarziThis book focuses on the importance of mobile ions presented in oxide structures, what significantly affects the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) properties. The reading starts with the definition of the MOS structure, its various aspects and different types of charges presented in their structure. A review on ionic transport mechanisms and techniques for measuring the mobile ions concentration in the oxides is given, special attention being attempted to the Charge Pumping (CP) technique associated with the Bias Thermal Stress (BTS) method. Theoretical approaches to determine the density of mobile ions as well as their distribution along the oxide thickness are also discussed. The content varies from general to very specific examples, helping the reader to learn more about transport in MOS structures.
Transport in the Atmosphere-Vegetation-Soil Continuum
by Arnold F. Moene Jos C. van DamTraditionally, soil science, atmospheric science, hydrology, plant science and agriculture have been studied largely as separate subjects. These systems are clearly interlinked, however, and in recent years a great deal of interdisciplinary research has been undertaken to better understand the interactions. This textbook was developed from a course that the authors have been teaching for many years on atmosphere-vegetation-soil interactions at one of the leading international research institutes in environmental science and agriculture. The book describes the atmosphere-vegetation-soil continuum from the perspective of several interrelated disciplines, integrated into one textbook. The text is interspersed with many student exercises and problems, with solutions included. It will be ideal for intermediate to advanced students in meteorology, hydrology, soil science, environmental sciences and biology who are studying the atmosphere-vegetation-soil continuum, as well as researchers and professionals interested in the observation and modelling of atmosphere-vegetation-soil interactions.
Transport of Dangerous Goods
by Dalanda Lachtar Mohamed Tkiouat Natalia Yankevich Emmanuel GarbolinoThis book addresses the various risks associated with the transport of dangerous goods within a territory. The emphasis of the contributions is on methods and tools to reduce the vulnerability of both the environment and human society to accidents or malicious acts involving such transport. With topics ranging from game theory to governance principles, the authors together cover technical, legal, financial, and logistic aspects of this problem. The intended audience includes responsible persons in territorial organizations, managers of transport infrastructures, as well as students, teachers and researchers wishing to deepen their knowledge in this area.
Transport of Energetic Electrons in Solids: Computer Simulation with Applications to Materials Analysis and Characterization (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics #271)
by Maurizio DaporThis book describes, as simply as possible, the mechanisms of scattering (both elastic and inelastic) of electrons with solid targets (electron–atom, electron–plasmon, and electron–phonon interactions). It also presents the main strategies of the Monte Carlo method, as well as numerous comparisons between simulation results and the experimental data available in the literature. Furthermore it provides readers with all the information they need in order to write their own Monte Carlo code and to compare the obtained results with the many numerical and experimental examples presented throughout the book. An extended and updated third edition of a work published in 2014 (first edition) and in 2017 (second edition) on the application of the Monte Carlo method to the transport of fast electrons in solids, this book includes, as novel topics, the theory of polarized electron beams (i.e. density matrix and spin polarization), the study of elastic scattering by molecules, a classical treatment of the Bethe-Bloch stopping power, a simple derivation of the f- and ps-sum rules, the Vicanek and Urbassek formula for the calculation of the backscattering coefficient, the Wolff theory describing the secondary electron spectra, and fundamental aspects of the interactions between electrons beams and solid targets. Further, it describes a completely analytical approach (the so-called multiple reflection method) for calculating the absorbed, backscattered, and transmitted fractions of electrons from unsupported and supported thin films. It also discusses recent applications of the Monte Carlo method.
Transport of Energetic Electrons in Solids: Computer Simulation with Applications to Materials Analysis and Characterization (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics #290)
by Maurizio DaporThis book describes the computational methods most frequently used to deal with the interaction of charged particles, notably electrons, with condensed matter. Both elastic and inelastic scattering phenomena are discussed, and methods for calculating the relevant cross sections are explained in a rigorous but simple way. It provides readers with all the information they need in order to write their own Monte Carlo code and to simulate the transport of fast particles in condensed matter. Many numerical and experimental examples are presented throughout the book.The updated and extended fourth edition features ab initio methods for calculating dielectric function and energy loss function. Non-relativistic partial wave expansion method for calculating the differential elastic scattering cross section is also included in this new edition. It represents a very useful introduction to the relativistic partial wave expansion method, i.e., to the Mott theory, already discussed in the previous editions of this book. Further details about the effects of spin-polarization on the differential elastic scattering cross section are included in this new edition. The multiple reflection method is extended to the general case of a system composed of a set of layers of different materials and thicknesses. Analytical expressions are provided for calculating the backscattering coefficient of multilayers. New results are presented, notably about Monte Carlo simulations of reflection electron energy loss spectra and of the radial dose deposited along the track of ions impinging on materials.
Transport of Suspended Solids in Open Channels: Proceedings of Euromech 192, Munich/Neubiberg, 11-15 June 1985
by W. BechtelerConference Proceedings of Euromech 192: Transport of suspended solids in open channels, Munich, Neubiberg, 11-15 June 1985. Rapid growth in water requirements makes it necessary to increase the amount of water drawn from rivers. The dams necessary for capturing river water have to be built to resist damage when large floods occur, and an idea of the possible destructive power of floods is given by the front cover photograph.
Transport, Arbeit und Erholung auf dem Meer: Die Rolle der Schifffahrt in der globalen Wirtschaft
by Ralf WitthohnDas Werk ist eine weitreichende wie kritische Darstellung der internationalen Schifffahrt und beschreibt deren Geschäftszweige, Schiffstypen Reedereien, Werften und Häfen. Einen derartigen Versuch einer umfassenden Abhandlung hat es bisher weder im deutschen noch internationalen Schrifttum gegeben. Wegen der Internationalität des Sujets wird das Werk weltweites Interesse in der allgemeinen Wirtschaft, der Schifffahrt, bei Seeleuten, Hafenbeschäftigten, Schiffbauern, Reedereien, Behörden und interessierten Laien finden.
Transportation Air Pollutants: Black Carbon and Other Emissions (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Thomas BrewerThis book begins by discussing the problems caused by transportation emissions, the various types of emissions, and the impacts they have on public health, agricultural production, and climate change. The next several chapters then present technologies and policies from around the world, which can be used to solve some of these problems. Finally, the book discusses implications for the future, from both an industrial and governmental point of view.
Transportation Analytics in the Era of Big Data (Complex Networks And Dynamic Systems Ser. #4)
by Satish V. Ukkusuri Chao YangThis book presents papers based on the presentations and discussions at the international workshop on Big Data Smart Transportation Analytics held July 16 and 17, 2016 at Tongji University in Shanghai and chaired by Professors Ukkusuri and Yang. The book is intended to explore a multidisciplinary perspective to big data science in urban transportation, motivated by three critical observations:The rapid advances in the observability of assets, platforms for matching supply and demand, thereby allowing sharing networks previously unimaginable.The nearly universal agreement that data from multiple sources, such as cell phones, social media, taxis and transit systems can allow an understanding of infrastructure systems that is critically important to both quality of life and successful economic competition at the global, national, regional, and local levels.There is presently a lack of unifying principles and methodologies that approach big data urban systems.The workshop brought together varied perspectives from engineering, computational scientists, state and central government, social scientists, physicists, and network science experts to develop a unifying set of research challenges and methodologies that are likely to impact infrastructure systems with a particular focus on transportation issues. The book deals with the emerging topic of data science for cities, a central topic in the last five years that is expected to become critical in academia, industry, and the government in the future. There is currently limited literature for researchers to know the opportunities and state of the art in this emerging area, so this book fills a gap by synthesizing the state of the art from various scholars and help identify new research directions for further study.