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Trichoderma
by Claire Sallenave-Namont Idit Kosti Richard J Weld Fabian Glaser Yves Francois Pouchus Walter M Jaklitsch Csaba Vagvolgyi Charles M Kenerley Astrid R Mach-Aigner Lea Atanasova David Laughlin Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo Yariv Brotman Nicolas Ruiz Rainer Schuhmacher Laszlo Manczinger Catherine Roullier B A Horwitz Susanne Zeilinger Rita Gorsche Karina Petit R L Melnick Johanna M Steyaert Sue Karagiosis Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza Mala Mukherjee Sergio Casas-Flores Bryan A Bailey U S Singh Najam S Zaidi Ludovit Varecka Walter A Vargas Matthias G Steiger Robert L Mach Jose Lopez-Bucio Randy Ortiz-Castro Oliver Grovel Monika Schmoll Laszlo Kredics Prasun K Mukherjee Svetlana Kryštofová Martin Simkovic Lorant Hatvani Alison Stewart Irina S Druzhinina Scott E Baker Alfredo Herrera-EstrellaTrichoderma spp. are biotechnologically significant fungi, being widely used both in agriculture and industry. These microbes are also a potential drug source of clinical importance. In recent years, driven by advances in genetics and genomics, research on these fungi have opened new avenues for its varied applications. Divided into three sections, covering taxonomy and physiology, interactions with plants and applications and significance, this book also discusses topics that have seen rapid developments in the recent years. Various aspects of Trichoderma like molecular taxonomy, sexual and asexual developments, secondary metabolism, beneficial interactions with plants, applications as cell factories and harmful interactions with humans are discussed. This book, thus, hopes to be an essential ready reference for researchers, students and people form industry as well.
Trichoderma And Gliocladium, Volume 2: Enzymes, Biological Control and commercial applications
by Christian P. Kubicek Gary E. HarmanFungi belonging to the genera Trichoderma and Gliocladium are soil- bourne saprophytes which have been used for industrial and agricultural applications for decades. Some strains produce enzymes and antibiotics while others are useful as biological agents for the protection of plants against pathogens.
Trichoderma And Gliocladium. Volume 1: Basic Biology, Taxonomy and Genetics
by Christian P. Kubicek Gary E. HarmanThis volume gives an account of the morphology and taxonomy of "Trichoderma" and "Gliocladium", before disscusing their ecology and basic biology.
Trichoderma: Agricultural Applications and Beyond (Soil Biology #61)
by Ajit Varma Harikesh Bahadur Singh Chakravarthula ManoharacharyThis book gives a comprehensive overview on the various aspects of Trichoderma, a filamentous fungus ubiquitously present in soil. Topics addressed are the biology, diversity, taxonomy, ecology, biotechnology and cultivation of Trichoderma, to just name a few. Basic as well as applied aspects are covered and a special focus is given on use of Trichoderma in agriculture and beyond. Trichoderma species are widely distributed throughout the world in soil, rotting plant material, and wood. Although they are often considered as a contaminants, Trichoderma species are also known for their ability to act as biocontrol agents against various plant pathogens and plant diseases, and also as biostimulants promoting plant growth. The contents of this book will be of particular interest to, agricultural scientists, biotechnologists, plant pathologists, mycologists, and microbiologists, students, extension workers, policy makers and other stakeholders.
Trichoderma: Biology and Applications
by Claire Sallenave-Namont Idit Kosti Richard J Weld Fabian Glaser Yves Francois Pouchus Walter M Jaklitsch Csaba Vagvolgyi Charles M Kenerley Astrid R Mach-Aigner Lea Atanasova David Laughlin Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo Yariv Brotman Nicolas Ruiz Rainer Schuhmacher Laszlo Manczinger Catherine Roullier B A Horwitz Susanne Zeilinger Rita Gorsche Karina Petit R L Melnick Sue Karagiosis Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza Mala Mukherjee Sergio Casas-Flores Bryan A Bailey U S Singh Najam S Zaidi Ludovit Varecka Walter A Vargas Matthias G Steiger Robert L Mach Jose Lopez-Bucio Randy Ortiz-Castro Oliver Grovel Monika Schmoll Laszlo Kredics Prasun K Mukherjee Svetlana Kryštofová Martin Simkovic Lorant Hatvani Alison Stewart Irina S Druzhinina Scott E Baker Alfredo Herrera-Estrella Johanna SteyaertTrichoderma spp. are biotechnologically significant fungi, being widely used both in agriculture and industry. These microbes are also a potential drug source of clinical importance. In recent years, driven by advances in genetics and genomics, research on these fungi have opened new avenues for its varied applications. Divided into three sections, covering taxonomy and physiology, interactions with plants and applications and significance, this book also discusses topics that have seen rapid developments in the recent years. Various aspects of Trichoderma like molecular taxonomy, sexual and asexual developments, secondary metabolism, beneficial interactions with plants, applications as cell factories and harmful interactions with humans are discussed. This book, thus, hopes to be an essential ready reference for researchers, students and people form industry as well.
Trichoderma: Host Pathogen Interactions and Applications (Rhizosphere Biology)
by Anil K. Sharma Pratibha SharmaThis book compiles the latest research in the area of Trichoderma Rhizosphere Biology. It covers topics such as microbial interaction, crosstalk between plants and microbes, interactions with abiotic and biotic factors, and advances in biocontrol agents, biofertilizers and biostimulants. The respective chapters describe innovative ways of adapting fungal communities to improve their survival in highly dynamic environments and agroecosystems. In closing, the book discusses the use of Trichoderma as a bio-growth enhancer and biostimulant for organic agriculture.
Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative
by National Research Council Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences National Materials and Manufacturing Board Committee on Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative: Phase IIThe National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a multiagency, multidisciplinary federal initiative comprising a collection of research programs and other activities funded by the participating agencies and linked by the vision of "a future in which the ability to understand and control matter at the nanoscale leads to a revolution in technology and industry that benefits society." As first stated in the 2004 NNI strategic plan, the participating agencies intend to make progress in realizing that vision by working toward four goals. Planning, coordination, and management of the NNI are carried out by the interagency Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology (NSET) Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) Committee on Technology (CoT) with support from the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO). Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative is the latest National Research Council review of the NNI, an assessment called for by the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003. The overall objective of the review is to make recommendations to the NSET Subcommittee and the NNCO that will improve the NNI's value for basic and applied research and for development of applications in nanotechnology that will provide economic, societal, and national security benefits to the United States. In its assessment, the committee found it important to understand in some detail--and to describe in its report--the NNI's structure and organization; how the NNI fits within the larger federal research enterprise, as well as how it can and should be organized for management purposes; and the initiative's various stakeholders and their roles with respect to research. Because technology transfer, one of the four NNI goals, is dependent on management and coordination, the committee chose to address the topic of technology transfer last, following its discussion of definitions of success and metrics for assessing progress toward achieving the four goals and management and coordination. Addressing its tasks in this order would, the committee hoped, better reflect the logic of its approach to review of the NNI. Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative also provides concluding remarks in the last chapter.
Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative
by Engineering Medicine National Academies of SciencesNanoscale science, engineering, and technology, often referred to simply as “nanotechnology,†is the understanding, characterization, and control of matter at the scale of nanometers, the dimension of atoms and molecules. Advances in nanotechnology promise new materials and structures that are the basis of solutions, for example, for improving human health, optimizing available energy and water resources, supporting a vibrant economy, raising the standard of living, and increasing national security. Established in 2001, the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a coordinated, multiagency effort with the mission to expedite the discovery, development, and deployment of nanoscale science and technology to serve the public good. This report is the latest triennial review of the NNI called for by the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003. It examines and comments on the mechanisms in use by the NNI to advance focused areas of nanotechnology towards advanced development and commercialization and on the physical and human infrastructure needs for successful realization in the United States of the benefits of nanotechnology development.
Trillions
by Nicholas FiskTrillions were hard, bright, tiny things which suddenly arrived - millions and millions and millions of them - one windy day in a village called Harbourtown.No one could explain them, much less why they had suddenly arrived. Were they a blessing, as their beauty suggested, or a deadly, inexplicable threat? A boy with a microscope was just as likely to come up with the answer as all the acknowledged experts in any known kind of science, so somehow it seemed natural for two 'ordinary' boys, Scott and Bem, to join forces with an ex-spaceman against the frightening efforts of the ruthless General Harman to destroy the Trillions, no matter what the cost.
Trimming, Miniaturization and Ideality via Convolution Technique of TRIZ
by Saurabh Kwatra Yuri SalamatovThe book is a valuable research tool-kit for innovators, amateur & professionals alike. Additionally, College & University faculties on Engineering, who organize yearly workshops internationally will find hundreds of novel themes to choose from. Some teachers might just secretly buy this book to introduce out-of-box brain-teasers in classroom to add fizz to normal (at times boring) lecturing. The book can be used as main/add-on textbook towards following courses: (1) Master's degree programs on design innovation worldwide and (2) Senior undergraduate courses in industrial, engineering & product design.
Triple C Model of Project Management: Communication, Cooperation, and Coordination (Systems Innovation Book Series)
by Adedeji B. BadiruA comprehensive guide to the implementation of the Triple C Model of project management, this book presents the soft side of project management. It deals with the fuzzy, ambiguous people issues subject to emotional nuances and sentimental knee-jerk reactions. Offering practical steps for managing any project, this book presents real-world applications and case studies to illustrate the application of this model. This text provides coverage of techniques for tracking, managing, and controlling project costs as well as implementing the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK). Schedule performance appraisals, project performance appraisals, and alternate project organization structures are also included.
Triple Helix Nigeria SciBiz Annual Conference 2024: THN SciBiz
by Eucharia Oluchi Nwaichi ThankGod Itua Egbe Abdulmalik HaliluThis book presents the proceedings of the Triple Helix Nigeria SciBiz Conference 2024 (THN SciBiz 2024), which took place October 24-25, 2024 in Abuja, Nigeria. The papers include cutting-edge research, insightful discussions, and innovative strategies presented under the theme "Integrating Research, Innovation and Policy: Triple Helix Pathway to Research Commercialisation." This collection of papers and case studies provides a deep dive into the latest advancements and practical applications that bridge the gap between theory and practice. Essential reading for those involved in research and policy-making, this book serves as a cornerstone for future collaborations and initiatives aimed at driving sustainable development and research commercialization in Nigeria. The conference offers a comprehensive and valuable resource for academics, industry professionals, and government officials.
Trois Semaines Au Printemps Dernier
by Victoria HowardFriday Harbor, un village pittoresque du Nord-ouest Pacifique, est le lieu de rendez-vous incontournable des pêcheurs et des plaisanciers. Pour Skye Dunbar, c’est l’endroit où elle peut surmonter la douleur de son cœur brisé et remettre sa vie sur les rails. Elle loue donc un bungalow sur la plage. Mais la dernière chose à laquelle elle s’attendait, c’était d’être accusée de piratage informatique. Jedediah Walker enquête sur la mort d’animaux marins retrouvés échoués sur les plages de l’île. Il découvre que les poissons contiennent une forte concentration de produits chimiques et envisage la possibilité que quelqu'un les déverse délibérément dans Puget Sound. Hâtif dans ses conclusions, il soupçonne la femme aux cheveux auburn qui lui loue son bungalow d’y être mêlée de près ou de loin. Skye tente de l’ignorer mais les circonstances les réunissent et, ensemble, ils feront tout pour découvrir les responsables de cette abomination écologique.
Tropane Alkaloids: Pathways, Potential and Biotechnological Applications
by Vikas Srivastava Shakti Mehrotra Sonal MishraThis book covers the current research on the biochemistry and biotechnological applications of plant-based Tropane alkaloids. Tropane alkaloids (TA)belong to the world’s oldest phytomedicines with their valuable ethno-pharmacological applications.The book compiles scientific ideas, perspectives and challenges in the application of TA in the present day. The book also provides case studies of Tropane alkaloid bearers. The book attempts to investigate the loop holes in existing methodologies, challenges and possible solutions through well thought-out scientific discussions from various eminent research groups. The book is split into three major sections. The first section includes an overview of Tropane alkaloids and their biosynthesis. This section addresses the biogenesis, evolutionary and ecological perspectives and enzymes in TA biosysnthesis. The second section covers aspects of genetic tools and biotechnological interventions in tropane alkaloid bearing plants. The third section presents various case studies in TA. This book is of high interest to students and researchers in biotechnology, plant biology and pharmacology. Alkaloids are of high medicinal value, and therefore, this book is an interesting read for industry experts, too.
Trophic Organization in Coastal Systems (CRC Marine Science)
by Robert J. LivingstonDerived from an unprecedented research effort covering over 70 field years of field data in a series of studies, Trophic Organization in Coastal Systems represents an alternative approach to coastal research that has been successfully applied to coastal resource management issues. This unique book is based upon a sequence of long-term, interdiscipl
Tropical Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology)
by John H. VandermeerTropical areas present ecological, cultural, and political problems that demand analysis that is distinct from general ecological analysis. The tropical environment is special in many ways, from the lack of a biological down season (winter), to generally poor soil conditions, to a reliance on traditional methods of agriculture in an undeveloped society. Presenting a broad range of approaches to agroecosystem analysis, this book addresses specific ecological issues associated with agricultural production, examines two case studies of agricultural transformation and its effect on biodiversity, and discusses key landscape relationships between agroecosystems, wildlife, and human disease.
Tropical Agroforestry
by Alain Atangana Damase Khasa Scott Chang Ann DegrandeAgroforestry is recognized as a sustainable land-use management in the tropics, as it provides environmental-friendly ecosystems; it also provides people with their every day need for food and cash. Since the recognition of agroforestry as a science, curricula have been developed for agroforestry programs for undergraduate and graduate trainings in Universities. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and make available educational material. This textbook strives to provide up-to-date information on tropical agroforestry to serve as educational material in the tropical context. The authoritative textbook of Nair (1993) on agroforestry was published 18 years ago, and before the advent of tree domestication, an important agroforestry practice today. In addition, many other research activities, such as carbon sequestration and integrated pest management, have been included in the agroforestry agenda. This textbook is intended for agroforestry students, teachers, and practitioners.
Tropical Cloud Forest Ecology in Hainan Island
by Wenxing LongThis book introduces ecology of tropical cloud forests in China, a high-altitudinal tropical forest. The findings are novel in revealing environmental characteristics, community features, diversity patterns, plant strategies, community assembly mechanisms, and diversity-ecosystem functions of tropical cloud forests in China. The knowledge of this book will bridge the gaps of our understanding on the tropical forest in China and the world-wide, and will enrich the theory of tropical forest community ecology.Written by experts in the field, this book will serve as an invaluable reference for tropical forest ecology researchers.
Tropical Deforestation: A socio-economic approach (Earthscan Library Collection: Natural Resource Management Set Ser.)
by C. J. JepmaThe depletion of the tropical rain forests has attracted considerable attention in recent times, and the serious consequences for the global biosphere are widely acknowledged. Yet deforestation continues apace, and in some areas (for example, southeast Asia) the very existence of the forests is seriously threatened. Contrary to popular belief, evidence suggests that local economic and living conditions are more significant in this than timber exploitation for exports to the Northern countries. Tropical Deforestation - A Socio-Economic Approach offers a new perspective on the economic imperatives which encourage indigenous populations to encroach upon their own forests, and shows how action against deforestation must form part of a wider movement to improve both the living conditions of the local inhabitants and the durability of their national economies. Part 1 offers an overview of the processes surrounding deforestation, and an assessment of the current situation. Part 2 analyses the land-use issues, and explains the socioeconomic imperatives in the affected regions. In an absorbing conclusion. Part 3 guides the reader through a series of hypothetical policy scenarios, using a specially adapted economic computer model, to predict which combinations of policies and trade arrangements might bring about a more beneficial state of affairs.
Tropical Deltas and Coastal Zones: Food Production, Communities and Environment at the Land–Water Interface
by Chu T. Hoanh Brian W. Szuster Kam Suan-Pheng Abdelbagi M. Ismail Andrew D. NobleFocusing on the developing countries of Asia, Africa and South America, chapters of the book explore the diverse livelihoods of people in these areas and the impact of land-water management on the environment. New techniques and methodologies are explored in land and water management to try and solve the conflicts between rice-based agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and the environment in tropical delta regions.
Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest: Research Trends and Emerging Features
by J. S. Singh R. K ChaturvediTropical dry deciduous forests (TDFs) can be found in severe and extremely variable climates characterized by low annual rainfall, 5-6 dry months within the annual cycle, and nutrient-poor soil. Several terms have been used for this vegetation type such as seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF), tropical dry deciduous forest, monsoon forest, caatinga, cuabal, etc. More than any other factor, the lack of precipitation during a prolonged portion of the year is what produces true dry forest, an ecosystem type characterized by plants and animals with specific adaptations to survive the long dry season. Deciduousness is the single most important adaptation among plants to the extended droughts. Most of the trees drop their leaves after the rains end, and essentially halt photosynthesis, as they would otherwise be unable to survive the water loss during the dry season. TDFs are subject to intensive anthropogenic disturbances and are among the most at-risk ecosystems in the world. In order to assess the conservation status of this forest type, information is required on its distribution pattern, climate, the structure and functional traits of its vegetation, phenology, strategies for coping with drought and nutrient poverty, and disturbances and their effects. In this book, we review important studies on TDFs around the globe, particularly those in the northern dry deciduous forests of India. We put forward the claim that those TDFs that experience drought and arise on nutrient-poor sites feature adaptations such as deciduousness, as well as a variety of nutrient conservation strategies. They also experience biotic disturbances, which can result in fragmentation and ecosystem conversion, and therefore exhibit changes in biomass, productivity, and soil microbial biomass, etc.
Tropical Dry Forests in the Americas: Ecology, Conservation, and Management
by Jennifer S. Powers Geraldo W. Fernandes Mauricio Quesada Arturo Sánchez-AzofeifaUnder threat from natural and human disturbance, tropical dry forests are the most endangered ecosystem in the tropics, yet they rarely receive the scientific or conservation attention they deserve. In a comprehensive overview, Tropical Dry Forests in the Americas: Ecology, Conservation, and Management examines new approaches for data sampling and
Tropical Ecosystems in Australia: Responses to a Changing World
by Dilwyn GriffithsOver the last century, the world has lived through changes more rapid than those experienced at any other time in human history, leading to pressing environmental problems and demands on the world’s finite resources. Nowhere is this more evident than across the world’s warm belt; a region likely to have the greatest problems and which is home to some of the world’s most disadvantaged people. This book reviews aspects of the biology of tropical ecosystems of northern Australia, as they have been affected by climatic, social and land-use changes. Tropical Australia can be regarded as a microcosm of the world’s tropics and as such, shares with other tropical regions many of the conflicts between various forms of development and environmental considerations. The book draws on a wide range of case studies of tropical Australian ecosystems ranging from coastal coral reefs and mangroves, known to be among the most vulnerable to the effects of the imposed changes, to cropping and pasture lands which, under careful management, have the potential remain as productive and sustainable agricultural or forestry ecosystems. Expert author Dilwyn Griffiths -emphasizes the importance of maintaining an active program for the establishment and management of national parks and environmental reserves -describes the effects of mining and other forms of industrial and urban development with particular reference to mine-site rehabilitation - explores problems relating to the restoration of marginally uneconomic farming land as alternative forms of land-use such as carbon farming through photosynthetically-driven carbon sequestration. This accessible reference work should find a place in educational libraries at all levels and become an essential resource for environmentalists and anyone with interests in various forms of land-use and development.
Tropical Ecosystems: Structure, Functions and Challenges in the Face of Global Change
by Satish Chandra Garkoti Skip J. Van Bloem Peter Z. Fulé Rajeev L. SemwalThe book brings together research topics having a broad focus on human and climate change impacts on the terrestrial ecosystems in the tropics in general and more specifically from the most significant and vulnerable Himalayan ecosystem. A total of 16 contributions included in the book cover a diverse range of global change themes such as the impacts of changing temperature and precipitation on soil ecosystems, forest degradation, extent and impacts of invasive species, plant responses to pollution, climate change impacts on biodiversity and tree phenology, environmental changes associated with land use, importance of traditional knowledge in climate change adaptation, timberline ecosystems, and role of integrated landscape modeling for sustainable management of natural resources. The book is a collective endeavour of an international multidisciplinary group of scientists focused on improving our understanding of the impacts of global change on the structure and functioning of tropical ecosystems and addressing the challenges of their future sustainable management. We hope that the book will help researchers working in the areas of ecology and environmental science to update their knowledge. We also expect that natural resource managers and policy planners will find explanations for some of their observations and hypotheses on multiple global change factors impacting tropical ecosystems and especially Himalayan ecosystems.
Tropical Forage Legumes: Harnessing the Potential of Desmanthus and Other Genera for Heavy Clay Soils
by Nazeer Ahmad John R. LazierThe development of legume use in agricultural production in the tropics lags far behind the temperate areas and extensive research over recent decades has aimed to rectify the lack of available leguminous fodder species available for heavy clay soils. This book draws together that research and explores the importance of heavy clay soils to agricultural productivity in the tropics and subtropics and the identification of adapted, productive forage legumes for these environments. Covering over four decades of international research, Tropical Forage Legumes: · Includes a detailed analysis of the forage germplasm available which is adapted to heavy clay soils · Covers the adaptation of a wide range of forages on Australian clay soils, and the evaluation of successful native and exotic forage legume species that have potential for those in Belize · Explores the genetics of the most promising genera, Desmanthus and Stylosanthes, and looks at the results from countries where new genotypes have been found to be productive and persistent · Provides details of a number of exciting new species, especially those in Desmanthus which have the potential to be, or have been commercialized · Makes recommendations for future research Providing an invaluable example of how a global search for adapted and productive forage germplasm has been - and can be - undertaken, and allowing access to a significant body of knowledge that was acquired before the digitalization of reports, this book will be a key resource for new scientists and experienced researchers in the areas of agriculture and forage agronomy.