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Troublemakers: Silicon Valley's Coming of Age
by Leslie BerlinThe richly told narrative of the Silicon Valley generation that launched five major high-tech industries in seven years, laying the foundation for today’s technology-driven world.At a time when the five most valuable companies on the planet are high-tech firms and nearly half of Americans say they cannot live without their cell phones, Troublemakers reveals the untold story of how we got here. This is the gripping tale of seven exceptional men and women, pioneers of Silicon Valley in the 1970s and early 1980s. Together, they worked across generations, industries, and companies to bring technology from Pentagon offices and university laboratories to the rest of us. In doing so, they changed the world. In Troublemakers, historian Leslie Berlin introduces the people and stories behind the birth of the Internet and the microprocessor, as well as Apple, Atari, Genentech, Xerox PARC, ROLM, ASK, and the iconic venture capital firms Sequoia Capital and Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers. In the space of only seven years and thirty-five miles, five major industries—personal computing, video games, biotechnology, modern venture capital, and advanced semiconductor logic—were born. During these same years, the first ARPANET transmission came into a Stanford lab, the university began licensing faculty innovations to businesses, and the Silicon Valley tech community began mobilizing to develop the lobbying clout and influence that have become critical components of modern American politics. In other words, these were the years when one of the most powerful pillars of our modern innovation and political systems was first erected. Featured among well-known Silicon Valley innovators like Steve Jobs, Regis McKenna, Larry Ellison, and Don Valentine are Mike Markkula, the underappreciated chairman of Apple who owned one-third of the company; Bob Taylor, who kick-started the Arpanet and masterminded the personal computer; software entrepreneur Sandra Kurtzig, the first woman to take a technology company public; Bob Swanson, the cofounder of Genentech; Al Alcorn, the Atari engineer behind the first wildly successful video game; Fawn Alvarez, who rose from an assembler on a factory line to the executive suite; and Niels Reimers, the Stanford administrator who changed how university innovations reach the public. Together, these troublemakers rewrote the rules and invented the future.
Troubleshooting Finite-Element Modeling with Abaqus: With Application in Structural Engineering Analysis
by Raphael Jean BoulbesThis book gives Abaqus users who make use of finite-element models in academic or practitioner-based research the in-depth program knowledge that allows them to debug a structural analysis model. The book provides many methods and guidelines for different analysis types and modes, that will help readers to solve problems that can arise with Abaqus if a structural model fails to converge to a solution. The use of Abaqus affords a general checklist approach to debugging analysis models, which can also be applied to structural analysis.The author uses step-by-step methods and detailed explanations of special features in order to identify the solutions to a variety of problems with finite-element models. The book promotes: • a diagnostic mode of thinking concerning error messages; • better material definition and the writing of user material subroutines; • work with the Abaqus mesher and best practice in doing so; • the writing of user element subroutines and contact features with convergence issues; and• consideration of hardware and software issues and a Windows HPC cluster solution.The methods and information provided facilitate job diagnostics and help to obtain converged solutions for finite-element models regarding structural component assemblies in static or dynamic analysis. The troubleshooting advice ensures that these solutions are both high-quality and cost-effective according to practical experience. The book offers an in-depth guide for students learning about Abaqus, as each problem and solution are complemented by examples and straightforward explanations. It is also useful for academics and structural engineers wishing to debug Abaqus models on the basis of error and warning messages that arise during finite-element modelling processing.
Troubleshooting Process Operations
by Norman LiebermanDrawing on his passion, training, and experience, Lieberman presents problems and troubleshooting techniques that are associated with specific processes, systems, and equipment, leading novice and practiced troubleshooters alike to the crux of malfunctions and failures. The fourth edition updates troubleshooting and design techniques, and adds seven new chapters with information on turbines, motors, heat exchangers, and environmentally friendly operations. Norm Lieberman sprinkles his troubleshooting guide with insightful and humorous anecdotes from 45 years in the petrochemical and refining industry. Features: * Nitty-gritty descriptions of common refinery and chemical plant problems and the diagnostic field observations, experiments, and calculations that reveal their origin * Troubleshooting checklists and references following each chapter * Practical advice for optimizing interactions with key plant operations personnel
Troubleshooting Process Plant Control
by Norman P. LiebermanThe book focuses on process control in the petroleum and refinery industries, with an emphasis on problem solving. The author explores various real life examples and relays the lessons learned from his career in this area. He explains many new yet straightforward concepts without the use of complex mathematics. This handy go-to emphasizes single and well-established process engineering principles that will help working engineers and operators switch manual control loops to automatic control.
Troubleshooting Process Plant Control: A Practical Guide to Avoiding and Correcting Mistakes
by Norman P. LiebermanExamines real life problems and solutions for operators and engineers running process controls Expands on the first book with the addition of five new chapters as well as new troubleshooting examples Written for the working operator and engineer, with straightforward instruction not hinged on complex math Includes real-life examples of control problems that commonly arise and how to fix them Emphasizes single and well-established process engineering principles that will help working engineers and operators switch manual control loops to automatic control
Troubleshooting Process Plant Control: A Practical Guide to Avoiding and Correcting Mistakes
by Norman P. LiebermanA practical and engaging guide to running process controls in petrochemical plants and refineries Process control is an area of study dealing with controlling variables that emerge in process plants, such as chemical plants, wastewater purification plants, or refineries. Existing guides to process control are numerous, but they tend to be associated with control engineering, which is more mathematical and theoretical. There is an urgent need for a more straightforward and concrete guide for practical use in petrochemical plants and refineries. Troubleshooting Process Plant Control meets this need with a work dedicated to real-life solutions and problem solving. Rooted in real-world examples and the career experience of the author, it largely avoids complex mathematics in favor of practical, well-established process engineering principles. Now fully updated to reflect the latest best practices and developments in the field, it is indispensable for process controllers in active plants of all kinds. Readers of the third edition will also find: New chapters on alarm disabling, spectrometer use, and reducing CO2 emissionsAdditional novel examples throughoutGuidelines for using spectrometers to directly control reflux rates and steam flow to reboilers Troubleshooting Process Plant Control is ideal for practicing engineers and other technical professionals working in process facilities, as well as advanced students taking professional training courses in these fields.
Troubleshooting Rotating Machinery: Including Centrifugal Pumps and Compressors, Reciprocating Pumps and Compressors, Fans, Steam Turbines, Electric Motors, and More
by Robert X. Perez Andrew P. ConkeyProcess machines are critical to the profitability of processes. Safe, efficient and reliable machines are required to maintain dependable manufacturing processes that can create saleable, on-spec product on time, and at the desired production rate. As the wards of process machinery, we wish to keep our equipment in serviceable condition. One of the most challenging aspects of a machinery professional or operator's job is deciding whether an operating machine should be shut down due to a perceived problem or be allowed to keep operating. If he or she wrongly recommends a repair be conducted, the remaining useful machine life is wasted, but if he or she is right, they can save the organization from severe consequences, such as product releases, fires, costly secondary machine damage, etc. This economic balancing act is at the heart of all machinery assessments. Troubleshooting is part science and part art. Simple troubleshooting tables or decision trees are rarely effective in solving complex, real-world machine problems. For this reason, the authors want to offer a novel way to attack machinery issues that can adversely affect the reliability and efficiency of your plant processes. The methodology presented in this book is not a rigid "cook book" approach but rather a flexible and dynamic process aimed at exploring process plant machines holistically, in order uncover the true nature the problem at hand.
Troubleshooting Vacuum Systems
by Norman P. LiebermanVacuum systems are in wide spread use in the petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries and power generation plants. <P><P>The existing texts on this subject are theoretical in nature and only deal with how the equipment functions when in good mechanical conditions, from the viewpoint of the equipment vendor. In this much-anticipated volume, one of the most well-respected and prolific process engineers in the world takes on troubleshooting vacuum systems, and especially steam ejectors, an extremely complex and difficult subject that greatly effects the profitability of the majority of the world's refineries.
Troubleshooting for Network Operators: The Road to a New Paradigm with Encrypted Traffic
by Abdelhamid Mellouk Sami Souihi Van Van Tong Hai-Anh TranNowadays, the Internet is becoming more and more complex due to an everincreasing number of network devices, various multimedia services and a prevalence of encrypted traffic. Therefore, in this context, this book presents a novel efficient multi modular troubleshooting architecture to overcome limitations related to encrypted traffic and high time complexity. This architecture contains five main modules: data collection, anomaly detection, temporary remediation, root cause analysis and definitive remediation. In data collection, there are two sub modules: parameter measurement and traffic classification. This architecture is implemented and validated in a software-defined networking (SDN) environment.
Troubleshooting: A Technician's Guide
by William L. Mostia Jr.Troubleshooting loops and systems is something all technicians must do, but that few truly master. This edition draws on the author's long experience as an instrument and electrical engineer and his maintenance expertise to provide a detailed look at the skills and knowledge required for troubleshooting. Interspersed with a wealth of practical detail and real-world examples are Mostia's no-nonsense discussions of what a good troubleshooter needs to know. He provides an in-depth discussion of the basic logical framework that underlies all troubleshooting as well as advanced troubleshooting techniques. He also explores the causes of failures and the techniques that engineers and technicians use to trace them down. This edition covers troubleshooting methods, both basic and advanced, hints and troubleshooting aids, troubleshooting safety, basic maintenance concepts, information about training, and the developing troubleshooting skills. It also includes numerous examples of troubleshooting problems in mechanical systems, process connections, pneumatic systems, electrical systems, electronic systems, and valves. Mostia also explores test equipment, programmable electronic systems, communication circuits, transient problems, and software. - See more at: https://www.isa.org/store/products/product-detail/?productId=116195#sthash.CjIr9eVF.dpuf
Trucks (Readers)
by Wil MaraWho can resist trucks? They&’re loud. They&’re complicated. They have wheels twice as tall as your dad. Trucks! has many cool images of the trucks we know and love. There are also curiosities like the $3 million mining truck that&’s "like driving a house." This level 1 text is revved up with sound words and images to steer young readers on the road to reading success.National Geographic supports K-12 educators with ELA Common Core Resources.Visit www.natgeoed.org/commoncore for more information.
True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Middle-East
by J. E. McPherson Hassan Ghahari Pierre MouletThis reference guide covers information on the true bugs (Heteroptera) of Middle East and includes taxonomy, general biology, economic importance, applied aspects, and distributional data. It also includes up-to-date reviews of the literature on the Heteroptera of the Middle East. The book represents a clear guide for future research in heteropteran biology. Apart from providing a taxonomic treatment of all the families known from the Middle East, information is provided on Iranian and general geographic distributions, bionomics, ecology, natural enemies, prey records, and plant associations for the various species. General discussion also is included on morphology, economic importance, family characters of each group, and affinity with related groups. This book includes detailed information on more than 2,000 species of the Middle East Heteroptera belonging to 58 families. An exhaustive bibliography (over 4,000) has been provided to facilitate studies of chosen aspects of the various species. Up-to-date information for the various species has been provided as far as possible. The book contains the contributions of 37 heteropteran specialists from 17 countries. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, and masters and Ph. D students of entomology, biosciences, agriculture, biological control, IPM (Integrated Pest Management), and environmental sciences. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of the mentioned scientific fields. National and international entomological and agricultural scientists may also find the book to be a useful read as well as those individuals who are active in medical, urban, and forensic entomology because there are several heteropteran pests in these fields.
True Digital Control: Statistical Modelling and Non-Minimal State Space Design
by C. James Taylor Peter C. Young Arun ChotaiTrue Digital Control: Statistical Modelling and Non–Minimal State Space Designdevelops a true digital control design philosophy that encompasses data–based model identification, through to control algorithm design, robustness evaluation and implementation. With a heritage from both classical and modern control system synthesis, this book is supported by detailed practical examples based on the authors’ research into environmental, mechatronic and robotic systems. Treatment of both statistical modelling and control design under one cover is unusual and highlights the important connections between these disciplines. Starting from the ubiquitous proportional–integral controller, and with essential concepts such as pole assignment introduced using straightforward algebra and block diagrams, this book addresses the needs of those students, researchers and engineers, who would like to advance their knowledge of control theory and practice into the state space domain; and academics who are interested to learn more about non–minimal state variable feedback control systems. Such non–minimal state feedback is utilised as a unifying framework for generalised digital control system design. This approach provides a gentle learning curve, from which potentially difficult topics, such as optimal, stochastic and multivariable control, can be introduced and assimilated in an interesting and straightforward manner. Key features: Covers both system identification and control system design in a unified manner Includes practical design case studies and simulation examples Considers recent research into time–variable and state–dependent parameter modelling and control, essential elements of adaptive and nonlinear control system design, and the delta–operator (the discrete–time equivalent of the differential operator) systems Accompanied by a website hosting MATLAB examples True Digital Control: Statistical Modelling and Non–Minimal State Space Design is a comprehensive and practical guide for students and professionals who wish to further their knowledge in the areas of modern control and system identification.
True Genius: The Life And Science Of John Bardeen
by Lillian Hoddeson Vicki DaitchWhat is genius? Define it. Now think of scientists who embody the concept of genius. Does the name John Bardeen spring to mind? Indeed, have you ever heard of him?Like so much in modern life, immediate name recognition often rests on a cult of personality. We know Einstein, for example, not just for his tremendous contributions to science, but also because he was a character, who loved to mug for the camera. And our continuing fascination with Richard Feynman is not exclusively based on his body of work; it is in large measure tied to his flamboyant nature and offbeat sense of humor.These men, and their outsize personalities, have come to erroneously symbolize the true nature of genius and creativity. We picture them born brilliant, instantly larger than life. But is that an accurate picture of genius? What of others who are equal in stature to these icons of science, but whom history has awarded only a nod because they did not readily engage the public? Could a person qualify as a bona fide genius if he was a regular Joe?The answer may rest in the story of John Bardeen.John Bardeen was the first person to have been awarded two Nobel Prizes in the same field. He shared one with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor. But it was the charismatic Shockley who garnered all the attention, primarily for his Hollywood ways and notorious views on race and intelligence.Bardeen’s second Nobel Prize was awarded for the development of a theory of superconductivity, a feat that had eluded the best efforts of leading theorists—including Albert Einstein, Neils Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, and Richard Feynman. Arguably, Bardeen’s work changed the world in more ways than that of any other scientific genius of his time. Yet while every school child knows of Einstein, few people have heard of John Bardeen. Why is this the case?Perhaps because Bardeen differs radically from the popular stereotype of genius. He was a modest, mumbling Midwesterner, an ordinary person who worked hard and had a knack for physics and mathematics. He liked to picnic with his family, collaborate quietly with colleagues, or play a round of golf. None of that was newsworthy, so the media, and consequently the public, ignored him.John Bardeen simply fits a new profile of genius. Through an exploration of his science as well as his life, a fresh and thoroughly engaging portrait of genius and the nature of creativity emerges. This perspective will have readers looking anew at what it truly means to be a genius.
True Genius: The Life and Work of Richard Garwin, the Most Influential Scientist You've Never Heard of
by Joel ShurkinRichard Garwin was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama Called a "true genius" by Enrico Fermi, Richard Garwin has influenced modern life in far-reaching ways, yet he is hardly known outside the physics community. This is the first biography of one of America's great minds--a top physicist, a brilliant technological innovator, and a trusted advisor of presidents for sixty years. Among his many contributions to modern technology are innovations we now take for granted: air-traffic control systems, touch screens, color monitors, laser printers, GPS satellite navigation, and many other facets of everyday contemporary life.But certainly his most important work has been on behalf of nuclear disarmament. As a key member of the Los Alamos team that developed the hydrogen bomb (he created the final design), Garwin subsequently devoted much of his career to ensuring that nuclear weapons never again be used. He has spent hundreds of hours testifying before Congress, serving on government advisory committees, and doing work that is still classified, all the while working for IBM as a researcher. A genuine polymath, his ideas extend from propulsion systems for interplanetary flight to preventing flu epidemics. Never shy about offering his opinions, even to rigid government bureaucracies unwilling to change, Garwin continues to show leaders how to do the smart thing. The world is a more interesting and safer place because of his many accomplishments.
True Kaizen: Management's Role in Improving Work Climate and Culture
by Collin McLoughlin Toshihiko MiuraWhat does it take to manage an organization to success? No matter what industry you are in, an organization is primarily a group of people. This book focuses on that ever-important human element. In the rush to get 'lean', many organizations focus solely on tools for increasing productivity, but where do these tools come from? In this book, Collin McLoughlin and Toshihiko Miura look back on their decades of international consulting experience to examine how organizations around the world have transformed on a cultural level by respecting the people who work within them and leveraging their creativity to solve problems. As our workforce becomes more knowledgeable, skillful, and more perceptive of their needs and wants as employees, the ability to reach the true potential of an organization becomes more and more difficult. Managers must look at each individual element of an equation like this in order to fully understand how to achieve an answer. They must begin to answer more focused questions, such as: 1. How productive is the existing work climate and culture? 2. How do employees, as individuals, navigate the existing work climate? (How do they deal with day-today issues with each other?) 3. Where and how are individuals and their work processes assessed? 4. What obstacles do employees face every day, and are they empowered to fix these obstacles? 5. What role does leadership play at each level of the organization? (Looking at the organization in layers of management.) To address these challenges, this book focuses on three main aspects of leadership and management: 1. Addressing and Improving the Perspective of Management -- The ideas presented in this book are not limited to a certain industry or field of work, but can be applied in any setting because they speak to a universal human element. 2. Exploring and Improving Work Climate -- Organizations are social entities, operating within their own controlled environment. This book will explore the factors that contribute to, and encourage, a positive work climate. 3. Observing and Eliminating Wasteful Work Processes -- Observing wasteful activities and work processes requires a refined perspective. The case studies presented illustrate the How and Why to help refine expertise. This will also lead to the joy and benefits
True Triaxial Testing of Rocks (Geomechanics Research Series #4)
by Xiaochun Li Marek Kwaśniewski Manabu TakahashiThe book provides a guide to rock engineers and engineering geologists as to how to perform laboratory tests and how to use the existing data for solving practical rock engineering design and operating problems. Knowledge of the behavior of rocks under general triaxial compression is also of crucial importance in the fields of structural geology and tectonophysics as the effect of the intermediate and the minimum principal stresses may be a decisive factor in the mode of deformation and processes of gross-fracturing, faulting and earthquakes.
True Warnings and False Alarms: "Evaluating Fears about the Health Risks of Technology, 1948-1971"
by Allan MazurGiven time, scientists reach consensus about the truth or falsity of a wide range of alleged hazards. Today, there is broad agreement that CFCs destroy stratospheric ozone. On the other hand, research does not support claims that electromagnetic fields from transmission lines cause a noticeable increase of leukemia. But new allegations continuously arise. Are manufactured chemicals in the environment distorting normal hormonal processes in our bodies? Are genetically modified foods a cause for concern? Addressing one of the most vexing problems in risk policy, Allan Mazur asks how we can tell, at an early stage, how seriously we should take a new warning. To identify hallmarks that could help predict the truth or falsity of an alleged hazard, Mazur analyzes 31 health warnings raised during the 1950s and 1960s about diverse technologies, including fluoridation, DDT, cyclamate, nuclear weapons testing, and birth control pills. Among his considerations are the initial source of an alarm, the biases held by its primary 'sponsors,' and the type of media coverage it receives. With 30 to 50 years of hindsight, he identifies characteristics - apparent from the outset of a controversy - that most effectively distinguish true warnings from false alarms. Early recognition and a timely response to a genuine hazard are important to protect our environment, health, and economic well-being. But if we act quickly and a warning turns out to be false, money is wasted, people are needlessly frightened, regulators lose credibility, and our ability to appropriately handle the next set of risks is compromised. Mazur's findings do not provide certainty about which of today's warnings will prove true and which will prove false. But they do help us to make informed judgments about where it is best and most reasonable to direct our worries and resources.
Truffles: Diversity, Ecology and Biotechnology (Progress in Mycological Research)
by Sunil K. Deshmukh Kandikere R. SridharTruffles are hypogeous ectomycorrhizal ascomycetous edible mushrooms distributed worldwide in terrestrial ecosystems, including deserts, as non-timber forest products. They are seasonal and have a short shelf life. Owing to their nutraceutical value, truffles are in high demand and valuable. Of the 180 or more species of truffles reported worldwide, only around 20 are commercially viable. Truffles: Diversity, Ecology and Biotechnology reviews the current advances in truffles from a historical perspective and covers ethnomycological profiles, habitats, ecology, geographical distribution, diversity, systematics, phylogeny, ultrastructure, sexual reproduction, cultivation, analytical techniques, and the impact of climate change and industrial applications on truffles. It also emphasizes the role of soil properties in the occurrence of truffles (e.g., Tuber spp.), their pathogens, product development and marketing. The contributors hail from academia and industries across the globe.
Truncated Predictor Based Feedback Designs for Linear Systems with Input Delay (Control Engineering)
by Zongli Lin Yusheng WeiThis monograph is the first of its kind to present innovative research results on truncated predictor feedback (TPF) designs for general linear systems with input delay. Beginning with a brief review of time delay systems, the first half of the book focuses on TPF with a constant feedback parameter. Both state feedback and output feedback are considered. It is established that TPF achieves stabilization in the presence of an arbitrarily large bounded delay if the open loop system is not exponentially unstable. Examples are presented to illustrate that TPF may fail to stabilize an exponentially unstable system when the delay is sufficiently large. Bounds on the delay are then established under which stabilization can be achieved. The second half of the book explores variations of the TPF laws designed with a non-constant feedback parameter to accommodate unknown delays and improve closed-loop performance. The authors employ a step-by-step approach to presenting the ultimate result on a completely delay-independent feedback law. Truncated Predictor Based Feedback Designs for Linear Systems with Input Delay will appeal to control engineers, control theorists, and graduate students studying control systems. This volume will also be a valuable resource for engineers and applied mathematicians interested in dynamic systems with time delays.
Truncated Predictor Feedback for Time-Delay Systems
by Bin ZhouThis book provides a systematic approach to the design of predictor based controllers for (time-varying) linear systems with either (time-varying) input or state delays. Differently from those traditional predictor based controllers, which are infinite-dimensional static feedback laws and may cause difficulties in their practical implementation, this book develops a truncated predictor feedback (TPF) which involves only finite dimensional static state feedback. Features and topics: A novel approach referred to as truncated predictor feedback for the stabilization of (time-varying) time-delay systems in both the continuous-time setting and the discrete-time setting is built systematically Semi-global and global stabilization problems of linear time-delay systems subject to either magnitude saturation or energy constraints are solved in a systematic manner Both stabilization of a single system and consensus of a group of systems (multi-agent systems) are treated in a unified manner by applying the truncated predictor feedback and predictor feedback The properties of the solutions to a class of parametric (differential and difference) Lyapunov matrix equations are presented in detail Detailed numerical examples and applications to the spacecraft rendezvous and formation flying problems are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the presented theoretical results This book can be a useful resource for the researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of control, applied mathematics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and aerospace engineering.
Truss Optimization: A Metaheuristic Optimization Approach
by Vivek Patel Vimal Savsani Ghanshyam TejaniThis book provides a comprehensive study of structural design and optimization of different truss structures for size, shape, and topology of structure. It describes truss optimization based on into three categories: size optimization, shape optimization, and topology optimization.It also studies the performance of metaheuristic algorithms developed after 2011 for truss optimization problems. The results highlight the best approach to achieve the best performance of the structural design. Pseudo codes of all the methods are provided at the end of the book so that it can be used by the researchers, practitioners, and students to test it for different real-world systems.This book ideal for structural design engineers to realize the appropriate systems with properly optimized parameters as well as designers, practitioners, consultants involved in structural designs, researchers, academics, and graduate students in mechanical, civil, and architectural engineering.
Trust & Fault in Multi Layered Cloud Computing Architecture
by Pradeep Kumar Gupta Punit GuptaThis book discusses various aspects of cloud computing, in which trust and fault-tolerance models are included in a multilayered, cloud architecture. The authors present a variety of trust and fault models used in the cloud, comparing them based on their functionality and the layer in the cloud to which they respond. Various methods are discussed that can improve the performance of cloud architectures, in terms of trust and fault-tolerance, while providing better performance and quality of service to user. The discussion also includes new algorithms that overcome drawbacks of existing methods, using a performance matrix for each functionality. This book provide readers with an overview of cloud computing and how trust and faults in cloud datacenters affects the performance and quality of service assured to the users. Discusses fundamental issues related to trust and fault-tolerance in Cloud Computing;Describes trust and fault management techniques in multi layered cloud architecture to improve security, reliability and performance of the system;Includes methods to enhance power efficiency and network efficiency, using trust and fault based resource allocation.
Trust Models for Next-Generation Blockchain Ecosystems (EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing)
by Khaled Salah Ernesto Damiani Muhammad Habib ur Rehman Davor SvetinovicThis book discusses the trust models for next-generation Blockchain ecosystems. The book provides a comprehensive discussion on various trust factors involving security, anonymization, reputation, governance, economic models, and other relevant determinants. The book covers various topics in breadth and depth. In addition, it sets the foundation to involve the readers in understanding the core theories supplemented with technical and experimental discussion. The book starts by laying out the foundations of trust models in Blockchain ecosystems. The authors then provide a study of existing trust models Blockchain networks. They then provide identification of trust factors and discuss each trust factor. The book concludes with a future outlook of trust-enabling Blockchain ecosystems.Outlines the trust models for next-generation Blockchain ecosystems;Covers the trust issues in various Blockchain ecosystems running in public, private, consortium, and cloud environments;Features issues such has privacy, security, scalability, and requirements in Blockchain.
Trust and Credit in Organizations and Institutions: As Viewed from the Evolution of Cooperation (Theoretical Biology)
by Mayuko NakamaruThis book shows that evolutionary game theory can unravel how mutual cooperation, trust, and credit in a group emerge in organizations and institutions. Some organizations and institutions, such as insurance unions, credit unions, and banks, originated from very simple mutual-aid groups. Members in these early-stage mutual-aid groups help each other, making rules to promote cooperation, and suppressing free riders. Then, they come to “trust” not only each other but also the group they belong to, itself. The division of labor occurs when the society comes to have diversity and complexity in a larger group, and the division of labor also requires mutual cooperation and trust among different social roles. In a larger group, people cannot directly interact with each other, and the reputation of unknown people helps other decide who is a trustworthy person. However, if gossip spreads untruths about a reputation, trust and cooperation are destroyed. Therefore, how to suppress untrue gossip is also important for trust and cooperation in a larger group. If trustworthiness and credibility can be established, these groups are successfully sustainable. Some develop and evolve and then mature into larger organizations and institutions. Finally, these organizations and institutions become what they are now. Therefore, not only cooperation but also trust and credit are keys to understanding these organizations and institutions.The evolution of cooperation, a topic of research in evolutionary ecology and evolutionary game theory, can be applied to understanding how to make institutions and organizations sustainable, trustworthy, and credible. It provides us with the idea that evolutionary game theory is a good mathematical tool to analyze trust and credit. This kind of research can be applied to current hot topics such as microfinance and the sustainable use of ecosystems.