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Tribology of Elastomers (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Alokesh Pramanik Ferial Hakami Animesh Kumar BasakThis book highlights the tribological behavior of elastomers by investigating the effect of operating variables such as, the applied load and the abrasive particle size, and the materials’ mechanical properties such as, tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, and tear strength by the experimental, statistical and analytical methods. It is found that the wear mechanism is mostly friction wear, which is mixed with fatigue wear and abrading under higher applied loads or larger abrasives. The statistical method shows that the abrasive particle size has the highest contribution followed by the applied load on the wear process. Wear equation is developed to predict the wear rate considering the trends of the input variables.
Tribology of Interface Layers
by Hooshang HeshmatTo this point, the field of lubrication has been conceptualized using several noncontiguous modes of operation- boundary, fluid-film, and dry and solid lubrication. Engineers and analysts have long had to deal with old evidence that many tribological devices, such as flat surface and centrally pivoted sliders, can act as viable bearings- contradict
Tribology of Nanocomposites
by Paulo Davim JThis book provides recent information on nanocomposites tribology. Chapter 1 provides information on tribology of bulk polymer nanocomposites and nanocomposite coatings. Chapter 2 is dedicated to nano and micro PTFE for surface lubrication of carbon fabric reinforced polyethersulphone composites. Chapter 3 describes Tribology of MoS2 -based nanocomposites. Chapter 4 contains information on friction and wear of Al2O2 -based composites with dispersed and agglomerated nanoparticles. Finally, chapter 5 is dedicated to wear of multi-scale phase reinforced composites. It is a useful reference for academics, materials and physics researchers, materials, mechanical and manufacturing engineers, both as final undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It is a useful reference for academics, materials and physics researchers, materials, mechanical and manufacturing engineers, both as final undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
Tribology of Polymer and Polymer Composites for Industry 4.0 (Composites Science and Technology)
by Amar Patnaik Jitendra Kumar Katiyar Hemalata JenaThis book first introduces polymers and polymer composites which are widely used in different industrial and engineering applications where the proper selection of fiber, filler, and polymer can be tailored for particular application. The primary objective of this book is to broaden the knowledge of tribology of polymer composites in a new dimension for Industry 4.0. For instance, the book covers polymer composites used as self-lubricating material used in the automotive industry and other manufacturing equipment to reduce the effect of energy loss due to friction and wear. This book is of interest to researchers and industrial practitioners who work in the field of tribology of polymer composites, manufacturing equipment and production engineering.
Triboluminescence
by David O. Olawale Okenwa O. I. Okoli Ross S. Fontenot William A. HollermanThis book expounds on progress made over the last 35 years in the theory, synthesis, and application of triboluminescence for creating smart structures. It presents in detail the research into utilization of the triboluminescent properties of certain crystals as new sensor systems for smart engineering structures, as well as triboluminescence-based sensor systems that have the potential to enable wireless, in-situ, real time and distributed (WIRD) structural health monitoring of composite structures. The sensor component of any structural health monitoring (SHM) technology -- measures the effects of the external load/event and provides the necessary inputs for appropriate preventive/corrective action to be taken in a smart structure -- sits at the heart of such a system. This volume explores advances in materials properties and structural behavior underlying creation of smart composite structures and sensor systems for structural health monitoring of critical engineering structures, such as bridges, aircrafts, and wind blades.
Tribosystem Analysis: A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis of Wear Problems
by Peter J. BlauTribosystem Analysis: A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis of Wear Problems provides a systematic framework for conducting root cause analyses and categorizing various types of wear. Designed specifically for engineers without formal training in tribology, this book: Describes a number of direct and indirect methods for detecting and quantifying wear problems Surveys different microscopy techniques, including those for light optics, electron optics, and acoustic imaging Discusses the selection of wear and friction test methods, both standard and custom, identifying possible pitfalls for misuse Presents practical examples involving complex materials and environments, such as those with variable loads and operating conditions Uses universally accepted terminology to create consistency along with the potential to recognize similar problems and apply comparable solutions Complete with checklists to ensure the right questions are asked during diagnosis, Tribosystem Analysis: A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis of Wear Problems offers pragmatic guidance for defining wear problems in the context of the materials and their surroundings.
Trichoderma
by Claire Sallenave-Namont Idit Kosti Richard J Weld Fabian Glaser Yves Francois Pouchus Walter M Jaklitsch Csaba Vagvolgyi Charles M Kenerley Astrid R Mach-Aigner Lea Atanasova David Laughlin Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo Yariv Brotman Nicolas Ruiz Rainer Schuhmacher Laszlo Manczinger Catherine Roullier B A Horwitz Susanne Zeilinger Rita Gorsche Karina Petit R L Melnick Johanna M Steyaert Sue Karagiosis Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza Mala Mukherjee Sergio Casas-Flores Bryan A Bailey U S Singh Najam S Zaidi Ludovit Varecka Walter A Vargas Matthias G Steiger Robert L Mach Jose Lopez-Bucio Randy Ortiz-Castro Oliver Grovel Monika Schmoll Laszlo Kredics Prasun K Mukherjee Svetlana Kryštofová Martin Simkovic Lorant Hatvani Alison Stewart Irina S Druzhinina Scott E Baker Alfredo Herrera-EstrellaTrichoderma spp. are biotechnologically significant fungi, being widely used both in agriculture and industry. These microbes are also a potential drug source of clinical importance. In recent years, driven by advances in genetics and genomics, research on these fungi have opened new avenues for its varied applications. Divided into three sections, covering taxonomy and physiology, interactions with plants and applications and significance, this book also discusses topics that have seen rapid developments in the recent years. Various aspects of Trichoderma like molecular taxonomy, sexual and asexual developments, secondary metabolism, beneficial interactions with plants, applications as cell factories and harmful interactions with humans are discussed. This book, thus, hopes to be an essential ready reference for researchers, students and people form industry as well.
Trichoderma And Gliocladium, Volume 2: Enzymes, Biological Control and commercial applications
by Christian P. Kubicek Gary E. HarmanFungi belonging to the genera Trichoderma and Gliocladium are soil- bourne saprophytes which have been used for industrial and agricultural applications for decades. Some strains produce enzymes and antibiotics while others are useful as biological agents for the protection of plants against pathogens.
Trichoderma And Gliocladium. Volume 1: Basic Biology, Taxonomy and Genetics
by Christian P. Kubicek Gary E. HarmanThis volume gives an account of the morphology and taxonomy of "Trichoderma" and "Gliocladium", before disscusing their ecology and basic biology.
Trichoderma: Agricultural Applications and Beyond (Soil Biology #61)
by Ajit Varma Harikesh Bahadur Singh Chakravarthula ManoharacharyThis book gives a comprehensive overview on the various aspects of Trichoderma, a filamentous fungus ubiquitously present in soil. Topics addressed are the biology, diversity, taxonomy, ecology, biotechnology and cultivation of Trichoderma, to just name a few. Basic as well as applied aspects are covered and a special focus is given on use of Trichoderma in agriculture and beyond. Trichoderma species are widely distributed throughout the world in soil, rotting plant material, and wood. Although they are often considered as a contaminants, Trichoderma species are also known for their ability to act as biocontrol agents against various plant pathogens and plant diseases, and also as biostimulants promoting plant growth. The contents of this book will be of particular interest to, agricultural scientists, biotechnologists, plant pathologists, mycologists, and microbiologists, students, extension workers, policy makers and other stakeholders.
Trichoderma: Biology and Applications
by Claire Sallenave-Namont Idit Kosti Richard J Weld Fabian Glaser Yves Francois Pouchus Walter M Jaklitsch Csaba Vagvolgyi Charles M Kenerley Astrid R Mach-Aigner Lea Atanasova David Laughlin Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo Yariv Brotman Nicolas Ruiz Rainer Schuhmacher Laszlo Manczinger Catherine Roullier B A Horwitz Susanne Zeilinger Rita Gorsche Karina Petit R L Melnick Sue Karagiosis Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza Mala Mukherjee Sergio Casas-Flores Bryan A Bailey U S Singh Najam S Zaidi Ludovit Varecka Walter A Vargas Matthias G Steiger Robert L Mach Jose Lopez-Bucio Randy Ortiz-Castro Oliver Grovel Monika Schmoll Laszlo Kredics Prasun K Mukherjee Svetlana Kryštofová Martin Simkovic Lorant Hatvani Alison Stewart Irina S Druzhinina Scott E Baker Alfredo Herrera-Estrella Johanna SteyaertTrichoderma spp. are biotechnologically significant fungi, being widely used both in agriculture and industry. These microbes are also a potential drug source of clinical importance. In recent years, driven by advances in genetics and genomics, research on these fungi have opened new avenues for its varied applications. Divided into three sections, covering taxonomy and physiology, interactions with plants and applications and significance, this book also discusses topics that have seen rapid developments in the recent years. Various aspects of Trichoderma like molecular taxonomy, sexual and asexual developments, secondary metabolism, beneficial interactions with plants, applications as cell factories and harmful interactions with humans are discussed. This book, thus, hopes to be an essential ready reference for researchers, students and people form industry as well.
Trichoderma: Host Pathogen Interactions and Applications (Rhizosphere Biology)
by Anil K. Sharma Pratibha SharmaThis book compiles the latest research in the area of Trichoderma Rhizosphere Biology. It covers topics such as microbial interaction, crosstalk between plants and microbes, interactions with abiotic and biotic factors, and advances in biocontrol agents, biofertilizers and biostimulants. The respective chapters describe innovative ways of adapting fungal communities to improve their survival in highly dynamic environments and agroecosystems. In closing, the book discusses the use of Trichoderma as a bio-growth enhancer and biostimulant for organic agriculture.
Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative
by National Research Council Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences National Materials and Manufacturing Board Committee on Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative: Phase IIThe National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a multiagency, multidisciplinary federal initiative comprising a collection of research programs and other activities funded by the participating agencies and linked by the vision of "a future in which the ability to understand and control matter at the nanoscale leads to a revolution in technology and industry that benefits society." As first stated in the 2004 NNI strategic plan, the participating agencies intend to make progress in realizing that vision by working toward four goals. Planning, coordination, and management of the NNI are carried out by the interagency Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology (NSET) Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) Committee on Technology (CoT) with support from the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO). Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative is the latest National Research Council review of the NNI, an assessment called for by the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003. The overall objective of the review is to make recommendations to the NSET Subcommittee and the NNCO that will improve the NNI's value for basic and applied research and for development of applications in nanotechnology that will provide economic, societal, and national security benefits to the United States. In its assessment, the committee found it important to understand in some detail--and to describe in its report--the NNI's structure and organization; how the NNI fits within the larger federal research enterprise, as well as how it can and should be organized for management purposes; and the initiative's various stakeholders and their roles with respect to research. Because technology transfer, one of the four NNI goals, is dependent on management and coordination, the committee chose to address the topic of technology transfer last, following its discussion of definitions of success and metrics for assessing progress toward achieving the four goals and management and coordination. Addressing its tasks in this order would, the committee hoped, better reflect the logic of its approach to review of the NNI. Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative also provides concluding remarks in the last chapter.
Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative
by Engineering Medicine National Academies of SciencesNanoscale science, engineering, and technology, often referred to simply as “nanotechnology,†is the understanding, characterization, and control of matter at the scale of nanometers, the dimension of atoms and molecules. Advances in nanotechnology promise new materials and structures that are the basis of solutions, for example, for improving human health, optimizing available energy and water resources, supporting a vibrant economy, raising the standard of living, and increasing national security. Established in 2001, the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a coordinated, multiagency effort with the mission to expedite the discovery, development, and deployment of nanoscale science and technology to serve the public good. This report is the latest triennial review of the NNI called for by the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003. It examines and comments on the mechanisms in use by the NNI to advance focused areas of nanotechnology towards advanced development and commercialization and on the physical and human infrastructure needs for successful realization in the United States of the benefits of nanotechnology development.
Trillions
by Nicholas FiskTrillions were hard, bright, tiny things which suddenly arrived - millions and millions and millions of them - one windy day in a village called Harbourtown.No one could explain them, much less why they had suddenly arrived. Were they a blessing, as their beauty suggested, or a deadly, inexplicable threat? A boy with a microscope was just as likely to come up with the answer as all the acknowledged experts in any known kind of science, so somehow it seemed natural for two 'ordinary' boys, Scott and Bem, to join forces with an ex-spaceman against the frightening efforts of the ruthless General Harman to destroy the Trillions, no matter what the cost.
Trimming, Miniaturization and Ideality via Convolution Technique of TRIZ
by Saurabh Kwatra Yuri SalamatovThe book is a valuable research tool-kit for innovators, amateur & professionals alike. Additionally, College & University faculties on Engineering, who organize yearly workshops internationally will find hundreds of novel themes to choose from. Some teachers might just secretly buy this book to introduce out-of-box brain-teasers in classroom to add fizz to normal (at times boring) lecturing. The book can be used as main/add-on textbook towards following courses: (1) Master's degree programs on design innovation worldwide and (2) Senior undergraduate courses in industrial, engineering & product design.
Triple C Model of Project Management: Communication, Cooperation, and Coordination (Systems Innovation Book Series)
by Adedeji B. BadiruA comprehensive guide to the implementation of the Triple C Model of project management, this book presents the soft side of project management. It deals with the fuzzy, ambiguous people issues subject to emotional nuances and sentimental knee-jerk reactions. Offering practical steps for managing any project, this book presents real-world applications and case studies to illustrate the application of this model. This text provides coverage of techniques for tracking, managing, and controlling project costs as well as implementing the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK). Schedule performance appraisals, project performance appraisals, and alternate project organization structures are also included.
Triple Helix Nigeria SciBiz Annual Conference 2024: THN SciBiz
by Eucharia Oluchi Nwaichi ThankGod Itua Egbe Abdulmalik HaliluThis book presents the proceedings of the Triple Helix Nigeria SciBiz Conference 2024 (THN SciBiz 2024), which took place October 24-25, 2024 in Abuja, Nigeria. The papers include cutting-edge research, insightful discussions, and innovative strategies presented under the theme "Integrating Research, Innovation and Policy: Triple Helix Pathway to Research Commercialisation." This collection of papers and case studies provides a deep dive into the latest advancements and practical applications that bridge the gap between theory and practice. Essential reading for those involved in research and policy-making, this book serves as a cornerstone for future collaborations and initiatives aimed at driving sustainable development and research commercialization in Nigeria. The conference offers a comprehensive and valuable resource for academics, industry professionals, and government officials.
Trois Semaines Au Printemps Dernier
by Victoria HowardFriday Harbor, un village pittoresque du Nord-ouest Pacifique, est le lieu de rendez-vous incontournable des pêcheurs et des plaisanciers. Pour Skye Dunbar, c’est l’endroit où elle peut surmonter la douleur de son cœur brisé et remettre sa vie sur les rails. Elle loue donc un bungalow sur la plage. Mais la dernière chose à laquelle elle s’attendait, c’était d’être accusée de piratage informatique. Jedediah Walker enquête sur la mort d’animaux marins retrouvés échoués sur les plages de l’île. Il découvre que les poissons contiennent une forte concentration de produits chimiques et envisage la possibilité que quelqu'un les déverse délibérément dans Puget Sound. Hâtif dans ses conclusions, il soupçonne la femme aux cheveux auburn qui lui loue son bungalow d’y être mêlée de près ou de loin. Skye tente de l’ignorer mais les circonstances les réunissent et, ensemble, ils feront tout pour découvrir les responsables de cette abomination écologique.
Tropane Alkaloids: Pathways, Potential and Biotechnological Applications
by Vikas Srivastava Shakti Mehrotra Sonal MishraThis book covers the current research on the biochemistry and biotechnological applications of plant-based Tropane alkaloids. Tropane alkaloids (TA)belong to the world’s oldest phytomedicines with their valuable ethno-pharmacological applications.The book compiles scientific ideas, perspectives and challenges in the application of TA in the present day. The book also provides case studies of Tropane alkaloid bearers. The book attempts to investigate the loop holes in existing methodologies, challenges and possible solutions through well thought-out scientific discussions from various eminent research groups. The book is split into three major sections. The first section includes an overview of Tropane alkaloids and their biosynthesis. This section addresses the biogenesis, evolutionary and ecological perspectives and enzymes in TA biosysnthesis. The second section covers aspects of genetic tools and biotechnological interventions in tropane alkaloid bearing plants. The third section presents various case studies in TA. This book is of high interest to students and researchers in biotechnology, plant biology and pharmacology. Alkaloids are of high medicinal value, and therefore, this book is an interesting read for industry experts, too.
Tropane Alkaloids: Sources, Chemistry, Pharmacology and Biotechnology
by T. Pullaiah Parvatam Giridhar Zhe-Sheng ChenThis book provides comprehensive information on tropane alkaloids, from their discovery to their pharmacological applications and biotechnological production. It focuses on the challenges and opportunities in the sustainable utilization of tropane alkaloid-yielding plants. The book serves as a desk reference for pharmacologists, biomedical scientists, biotechnologists, and herbal drug manufacturers, offering detailed insights into tropane alkaloid research from discovery to commercial production.Key topics include the chemistry and biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids, their occurrence in food commodities, and the cultivation of tropane alkaloid-yielding plants. This volume also explores the pharmacological uses of these compounds, with particular attention to their role as anticholinergic agents. Readers will discover the commercial aspects of tropane alkaloids, including the regulation, use and misuse of cocaine, a well-known narcotic. The authors present a unique combination of theoretical perspectives and practical insights, supported by descriptive illustrations and workflows that facilitate understanding and application, making this an essential guide for researchers and professionals in the pharmaceutical industry.This book is an invaluable resource for researchers, pharmacists, chemists, and industry professionals seeking to deepen their knowledge of tropane alkaloids. It is particularly relevant for those involved in the study or production of these compounds, offering guidance on the propagation of tropane alkaloid-producing plants and alternative production strategies.
Trophic Organization in Coastal Systems (CRC Marine Science)
by Robert J. LivingstonDerived from an unprecedented research effort covering over 70 field years of field data in a series of studies, Trophic Organization in Coastal Systems represents an alternative approach to coastal research that has been successfully applied to coastal resource management issues. This unique book is based upon a sequence of long-term, interdiscipl
Tropical Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology)
by John H. VandermeerTropical areas present ecological, cultural, and political problems that demand analysis that is distinct from general ecological analysis. The tropical environment is special in many ways, from the lack of a biological down season (winter), to generally poor soil conditions, to a reliance on traditional methods of agriculture in an undeveloped society. Presenting a broad range of approaches to agroecosystem analysis, this book addresses specific ecological issues associated with agricultural production, examines two case studies of agricultural transformation and its effect on biodiversity, and discusses key landscape relationships between agroecosystems, wildlife, and human disease.
Tropical Agroforestry
by Alain Atangana Damase Khasa Scott Chang Ann DegrandeAgroforestry is recognized as a sustainable land-use management in the tropics, as it provides environmental-friendly ecosystems; it also provides people with their every day need for food and cash. Since the recognition of agroforestry as a science, curricula have been developed for agroforestry programs for undergraduate and graduate trainings in Universities. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and make available educational material. This textbook strives to provide up-to-date information on tropical agroforestry to serve as educational material in the tropical context. The authoritative textbook of Nair (1993) on agroforestry was published 18 years ago, and before the advent of tree domestication, an important agroforestry practice today. In addition, many other research activities, such as carbon sequestration and integrated pest management, have been included in the agroforestry agenda. This textbook is intended for agroforestry students, teachers, and practitioners.
Tropical Cloud Forest Ecology in Hainan Island
by Wenxing LongThis book introduces ecology of tropical cloud forests in China, a high-altitudinal tropical forest. The findings are novel in revealing environmental characteristics, community features, diversity patterns, plant strategies, community assembly mechanisms, and diversity-ecosystem functions of tropical cloud forests in China. The knowledge of this book will bridge the gaps of our understanding on the tropical forest in China and the world-wide, and will enrich the theory of tropical forest community ecology.Written by experts in the field, this book will serve as an invaluable reference for tropical forest ecology researchers.