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Bioethanol Fuel Production Processes. II: Biomass Hydrolysis, Fermentation, and Bioethanol Fuel Separation
by Ozcan KonurThis book provides an overview of the research on production processes for bioethanol fuels in general, hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass for bioethanol production, microbial fermentation of hydrolysates and substrates with yeasts for bioethanol production, and separation and distillation of bioethanol fuels from the fermentation broth, complementing the research on biomass pretreatments presented in the first volume. It presents an overview of the research on biomass hydrolysis in general, wood hydrolysis, straw hydrolysis, and cellulose hydrolysis for bioethanol fuel production in the first section for biomass hydrolysis. It provides an overview of the research on microbial hydrolysate fermentation for bioethanol production in general, alternative fermentation processes for bioethanol fuel production such as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and consolidated biomass processing (CBP) compared with the separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) process, metabolic engineering of microorganisms and substrates for bioethanol fuel production, and utilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for microbial fermentation of hydrolysates for bioethanol fuel production in the second section for hydrolysate fermentation. It provides an overview of the research on the bioethanol fuel separation from the fermentation broth in the last section. This book is a valuable resource for the stakeholders primarily in the research fields of energy and fuels, chemical engineering, environmental science and engineering, biotechnology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, mechanical engineering, agricultural sciences, food science and engineering, materials science, biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, plant sciences, water resources, economics, business, management, transportations science and technology, ecology, public, environmental and occupational health, social sciences, toxicology, multidisciplinary sciences, and humanities among others.
Bioethanol: A Green Energy Substitute for Fossil Fuels (Green Energy and Technology)
by Eriola Betiku Mofoluwake M. IsholaThis book looks deeply into the prospects for using ethanol as a greener alternative to fossil fuels and the technical and scientific issues that surround them. Ethanol, with its numerous advantages, has emerged as a promising contender to replace gasoline as a fuel source. Currently, it is commercially available as a blend with gasoline, commonly known as E10 and E25, utilizing various ratios of ethanol. Despite its clear benefits over gasoline, the widespread adoption of ethanol as a fuel remains hindered by its limited availability. In this insightful book, we aim to explore the multifaceted challenges surrounding ethanol's full integration into our energy landscape, employing a comprehensive approach through review manuscripts. Leading worldwide experts, known for their deep understanding of ethanol as a fuel, have contributed to the book. Their valuable insights and contributions enrich the book's content, offering readers a comprehensive exploration of the subject matter. This book is a compelling resource for researchers, energy professionals, and anyone interested in understanding the challenges and opportunities associated with the integration of ethanol as a substitute for gasoline.
Bioethanol Production: Past and Present (Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology)
by Neeraj K. Aggarwal Naveen Kumar Mahak MittalThis book provides the latest research on bioethanol production from first- and second- generation feedstock. Bioethanol has emerged as one of the main alternative biofuels in recent years. The book provides a perspective on the chemistry, sources and production of bioethanol highlighting the recent developments in the field.Through this book readers will learn basic and advanced bioethanol production technologies under one roof, including resource management and environmental and economic impacts. The topics discussed in the book will attract researchers and scholars focusing in this field as well as anyone who is interested in green and sustainable energy resources.
Biofabrication (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)
by Ritu RamanHow engineered materials and machines powered by living biological cells can tackle technological challenges in medicine, agriculture, and global security.You are a biological machine whose movement is powered by skeletal muscle, just as a car is a machine whose movement is powered by an engine. If you can be built from the bottom up with biological materials, other machines can be as well. This is the conceptual starting point for biofabrication, the act of building with living cells--building with biology in the same way we build with synthetic materials. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Ritu Raman offers an accessible introduction to biofabrication, arguing that it can address some of our greatest technological challenges. After presenting the background information needed to understand the emergence and evolution of biofabrication and describing the fundamental technology that enables building with biology, Raman takes deep dives into four biofabrication applications that have the potential to affect our daily lives: tissue engineering, organs-on-a-chip, lab-grown meat and leather, and biohybrid machines. Organs-on-a-chip (devices composed of miniature model tissues), for example, could be used to test new medicine and therapies, and lab-grown meat could alleviate environmental damage done by animal farming. She shows that biological materials have abilities synthetic materials do not, including the ability to adapt dynamically to their environments. Exploring the principles of biofabrication, Raman tells us, should help us appreciate the beauty, adaptiveness, and persistence of the biological machinery that drives our bodies and our world.
Biofertilizers: Study and Impact
by Inamuddin, Mohd Imran Ahamed Rajender Boddula Mashallah RezakazemiGreat attention has been paid to reduce the use of conventional chemical fertilizers harming living beings through food chain supplements from the soil environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative sustainable fertilizers to enhance soil sustainability and agriculture productivity. Biofertilizers are the substance that contains microorganisms (bacteria, algae, and fungi) living or latent cells that can enrich the soil quality with nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, organic matter, etc. They are a cost-effective, biodegradable, and renewable source of plant nutrients/supplements to improve the soil-health properties. Biofertilizers emerge as an attractive alternative to chemical fertilizers, and as a promising cost-effective technology for eco-friendly agriculture and a sustainable environment that holds microorganisms which enhance the soil nutrients’ solubility leading a raise in its fertility, stimulates crop growth and healthy food safety. This book provides in-depth knowledge about history and fundamentals to advances biofertilizers, including latest reviews, challenges, and future perspectives. It covers fabrication approaches, and various types of biofertilizers and their applications in agriculture, environment, forestry and industrial sectors. Also, organic farming, quality control, quality assurance, food safety and case-studies of biofertilizers are briefly discussed. Biofertilizers' physical properties, affecting factors, impact, and industry profiles in the market are well addressed. This book is an essential guide for farmers, agrochemists, environmental engineers, scientists, students, and faculty who would like to understand the science behind the sustainable fertilizers, soil chemistry and agroecology.
Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment (Soil Biology #55)
by Bhoopander Giri Ram Prasad Qiang-Sheng Wu Ajit VarmaThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of biofertilizers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides.Agricultural production has increased massively over the last century due to increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but these gains have come at a price. The chemicals are not only expensive; they also reduce microbial activity in agricultural soils and accumulate in the food chain, with potentially harmful effects for humans. Accordingly, it is high time to explore alternatives and to find solutions to overcome our increasing dependence on these chemicals.Biofertilizers, which consist of plant remains, organic matter and microorganisms, might offer an alternative. They are natural, organic, biodegradable, eco-friendly and cost-effective. Further, the microbes present in the biofertilizers are important, because they produce nutrients required for plant growth (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), as well as substances essential for plant growth and development (e.g., auxins and cytokinins). Biofertilizers also improve the physical properties, fertility and productivity of soil, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers while maintaining high crop yield. This makes biofertilizers a powerful tool for sustainable agriculture and a sustainable environment.The book covers the latest research on biofertilizers, ranging from beneficial fungal, bacterial and algal inoculants; to microbes for bioremediation, wastewater treatment; and recycling of biodegradable municipal, agricultural and industrial waste; as well as biocontrol agents and bio-pesticides. As such, it offers a valuable resource for researchers, academics and students in the broad fields of microbiology and agriculture.
Biofibers and Biopolymers for Biocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization and Properties
by Abdullah M. Asiri Anish Khan Suchart Siengchin Sanjay Mavinkere RangappaThis book summarizes recent developments in epoxy blends. It emphasizes new challenges for the synthesis, characterization, and properties of biofibers and biopolymers. It provides updates on all the important areas of biofibers and biopolymers in a comprehensive fashion, including synthesis, processing, characterisation and application. It provides a a one-stop reference for researchers and those working in industry and government. The book correlates macro, micro and nanostructure properties. Moreover, it provides cutting edge research from experts around the globe. The current status, trends, future directions and opportunities are discussed in detail, making the book also accessible for beginners to the subject and young researchers.
Biofiller-Reinforced Biodegradable Polymer Composites
by R. JumaidinPresenting a comprehensive overview of the field, Biofiller-Reinforced Biodegradable Polymer Composites examines biodegradable composites derived from biofiller and biodegradable polymers while providing critical information for efficient use of biocomposites developed from natural resources. Discusses advanced techniques for the use of both biofiller and biodegradable polymers as the matrix for composites. Highlights application of both natural fiber and natural matrix for composites in the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable materials. Introduces the basics of biocomposites, the processing and characteristics of new composite materials, and new combinations of composites such as soy protein and nanocellulose. Elaborates on the introduction of new materials to develop biodegradable polymers. This book has been written for researchers, advanced students, and professional engineers and materials scientists working in the area of bio-based polymers, natural fiber composites, and biocomposites.
Biofilm and Materials Science
by Hideyuki Kanematsu Dana M. BarryThis book explains the formation of biofilm on materials surfaces in an industrial setting. The authors describe new developments in understanding of biofilm formation, detection, and control from the viewpoint of materials science and engineering. The book details the range of issues caused by biofilm formation and the variety of affected industries.
Biofilm Highlights (Springer Series on Biofilms #5)
by Hans-Curt Flemming Jost Wingender Ulrich SzewzykLiving in biofilms is the common way of life of microorganisms, transiently immobilized in their matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), interacting in many ways and using the matrix as an external digestion and protection system. This is how they have organized their life in the environment, in the medical context and in technical systems - and has helped make them the oldest, most successful and ubiquitous form of life. In this book, hot spots in current biofilm research are presented in critical and sometimes provocative chapters. This serves a twofold purpose: to provide an overview and to inspire further discussions. Above all, the book seeks to stimulate lateral thinking.
Biofilms: Investigative Methods and Applications
by Hans-Curt Flemming Ulrich Szewzyk Thomas GriebeUntil now, techniques for studying biofilms- the cellular colonies that live in drinking water systems, wastewater operations, even ground and surface water- have been limited. Yet during the last decade, biofilms have become a critical element in water quality preservation systems, a key component of wastewater treatment biological reactions and t
Biofilms in Bioelectrochemical Systems
by Jerome T. Babauta Haluk BeyenalThis book serves as a manual of research techniques for electrochemically active biofilm research. Using examples from real biofilm research to illustrate the techniques used for electrochemically active biofilms, this book is of most use to researchers and educators studying microbial fuel cell and bioelectrochemical systems. The book emphasizes the theoretical principles of bioelectrochemistry, experimental procedures and tools useful in quantifying electron transfer processes in biofilms, and mathematical modeling of electron transfer in biofilms. It is divided into three sections: Biofilms: Microbiology and microbioelectrochemistry - Focuses on the microbiologic aspect of electrochemically active biofilms and details the key points of biofilm preparation and electrochemical measurement Electrochemical techniques to study electron transfer processes - Focuses on electrochemical characterization and data interpretation, highlighting key factors in the experimental procedures that affect reproducibility Applications - Focuses on applications of electrochemically active biofilms and development of custom tools to study electrochemically active biofilms. Chapters detail how to build the reactors for applications and measure parameters
Biofilms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control
by Sunil Kumar Niharika Chandra Leena Singh Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi Ajit VarmaThis book highlights treatment strategies for bacterial biofilms in connection with a variety of human diseases. In particular, it reviews bacterial biofilm formation and its mechanism. Topics covered include biofilms in human health, the role of biofilms in mediating human diseases, and methods for testing bacterial biofilms. Further sections concentrate on biofilm-mediated diseases in different parts of the human gastrointestinal tract, while therapeutic strategies for biofilm control and natural agents that disrupt bacterial biofilms are also covered. Readers will also find the latest advances in probiotics and biofilms, as well as the use of probiotics to counteract biofilm-associated infections. Biofilms and antimicrobial resistance are discussed. Subsequent chapters address the management of inflammatory bowel disease via probiotics biofilms, as well as the role of probiotics bacteria in the treatment of human diseases associated with bacterial biofilms. The book is chiefly intended for clinicians/scientists in the fields of medical microbiology, applied microbiology, biochemistry, and biotechnology.
Biofilms in the Dairy Industry (Society of Dairy Technology)
by Koon Hoong Teh Steve Flint John Brooks Geoff KnightIn recent years, the formation and impacts of biofilms on dairy manufacturing have been studied extensively, from the effects of microbial enzymes produced during transportation of raw milk to the mechanisms of biofilm formation by thermophilic spore-forming bacteria. The dairy industry now has a better understanding of biofilms and of approaches that may be adopted to reduce the impacts that biofilms have on manufacturing efficiencies and the quality of dairy products. Biofilms in the Dairy Industry provides a comprehensive overview of biofilm-related issues facing the dairy sector. The book is a cornerstone for a better understanding of the current science and of ways to reduce the occurrence of biofilms associated with dairy manufacturing. The introductory section covers the definition and basic concepts of biofilm formation and development, and provides an overview of problems caused by the occurrence of biofilms along the dairy manufacturing chain. The second section of the book focuses on specific biofilm-related issues, including the quality of raw milk influenced by biofilms, biofilm formation by thermoduric streptococci and thermophilic spore-forming bacteria in dairy manufacturing plants, the presence of pathogens in biofilms, and biofilms associated with dairy waste effluent. The final section of the book looks at the application of modelling approaches to control biofilms. Potential solutions for reducing contamination throughout the dairy manufacturing chain are also presented. Essential to professionals in the global dairy sector, Biofilms in the Dairy Industry will be of great interest to anyone in the food and beverage, academic and government sectors. This text is specifically targeted at dairy professionals who aim to improve the quality and consistency of dairy products and improve the efficiency of dairy product manufacture through optimizing the use of dairy manufacturing plant and reducing operating costs.
Biofilms in the Food Environment
by Ali Demirci Anthony L. Pometto IIIIn nature, microorganisms are generally found attached to surfaces as biofilms such as dust, insects, plants, animals and rocks, rather than suspended in solution. Once a biofilm is developed, other microorganisms are free to attach and benefit from this microbial community. The food industry, which has a rich supply of nutrients, solid surfaces, and raw materials constantly entering and moving through the facility, is an ideal environment for biofilm development, which can potentially protect food pathogens from sanitizers and result in the spread of foodborne illness. Biofilms in the Food Environment is designed to provide researchers in academia, federal research labs, and industry with an understanding of the impact, control, and hurdles of biofilms in the food environment. Key to biofilm control is an understanding of its development. The goal of this 2nd edition is to expand and complement the topics presented in the original book. Readers will find: The first comprehensive review of biofilm development by Campylobacter jejuni An up-date on the resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to sanitizing agents, which continues to be a major concern to the food industry An account of biofilms associated with various food groups such as dairy, meat, vegetables and fruit is of global concern A description of two novel methods to control biofilms in the food environment: bio-nanoparticle technology and bacteriophage Biofilms are not always a problem: sometimes they even desirable. In the human gut they are essential to our survival and provide access to some key nutrients from the food we consume. The authors provide up-date information on the use of biofilms for the production of value-added products via microbial fermentations. Biofilms cannot be ignored when addressing a foodborne outbreak. All the authors for each chapter are experts in their field of research. The Editors? hope is that this second edition will provide the bases and understanding for much needed future research in the critical area of ?Biofilm in Food Environment?.
Biofluid Dynamics: Principles and Selected Applications
by Clement KleinstreuerBiofluid Dynamics builds a solid understanding of medical implants and devices from a bioengineering standpoint. The text features extensive worked examples and mathematical appendices; exercises and project assignments to stimulate critical thinking and build problem solving skills; numerous illustrations, including a 16-page full-color insert; computer simulations of biofluid dynamics processes and medical device operations; tools for solving basic biofluid problems; and a glossary of terms. The text can be used as a primary selection for a comprehensive course or for a two-course sequence or as a reference for professionals in biomedical engineering and medicine.
Biofluid Mechanics: The Human Circulation, Second Edition
by Krishnan B. Chandran Stanley E. Rittgers Ajit P. YoganathanDesigned for senior undergraduate or first-year graduate students in biomedical engineering, Biofluid Mechanics: The Human Circulation, Second Edition teaches students how fluid mechanics is applied to the study of the human circulatory system. Reflecting changes in the field since the publication of its predecessor, this second edition has been ex
Biofluidmechanik: Grundlagen und Anwendungen
by Dieter LiepschDieses Buch führt Sie in die Grundlagen der Biofluidmechanik einWie funktioniert der menschliche Blutkreislauf? Wie arbeiten Mikrozirkulationsvorgänge? Mit diesen und vielen weiteren Fragen der Strömungsuntersuchung beschäftigt sich die Biofluidmechanik. Dieses Buch gewährt ihnen interessante Einblicke in die Grundlagen der Biofluidmechanik.Die Biofluidmechanik ist eine thematisch sehr breit gestaffelte Wissenschaft. Sie erforscht die Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Bewegung, des Kräftegleichgewichtes und der Strömungstechnik von Fluiden. Hierzu gehören unter anderem:• Atmung• Blutkreislauf• Mikrozirkulationsvorgänge• Lymphströmungen• Künstliche Gefäßersatze• Gefäßprothesen aus verschiedenen Materialien• Künstliche Herzklappen• Urologische Messungen• Künstliche Harnleiter• Blutrheologie• Transport durch Membranen• Bewegung geladener Partikel• Ionen in Lösungen• Vibrationen• Wellenfortpflanzung und SchockwellenWichtiges Grundlagenwissen der Biofluidmechanik in einem Buch In seinem Buch gibt der Autor einen ausführlichen Überblick über die Grundlagen der Biofluidmechanik und stellt die folgenden Themen detailliert vor:• Einleitung in die Biofluidmechanik• Physikalische Grundlagen von Fluiden• Rheologische Grundlagen• Biofluide (Körperflüssigkeiten) in Menschen und Tieren• Grundlegende theoretische Fluid- bzw. hämodynamische Betrachtungen• Medizinische Grundlagen, menschliches Kreislaufsystem, Blutgefäße, Herz, Lungenmechanik und Atmung• Besonderheiten und Messmethoden der Biofluidmechanik• Anwendungen und Beispiele in Modellen, diagnostische und therapeutische BedeutungAufgrund des hohen Praxisbezugs ist dieses Buch über die Biofluidmechanik nicht nur für Studenten, sondern auch für Beschäftigte in Gesundheitsforschung und Medizin ein wichtiges und hilfreiches Grundlagenwerk.
Biofoams: Science and Applications of Bio-Based Cellular and Porous Materials
by Salvatore Iannace Chul B. ParkAddresses a Growing Need for the Development of Cellular and Porous Materials in IndustryBuilding blocks used by nature are motivating researchers to create bio-inspired cellular structures that can be used in the development of products for the plastic, food, and biomedical industry. Representing a unified effort by international experts, Biofoams
Bioformulations: for Sustainable Agriculture
by Naveen Kumar Arora Samina Mehnaz Raffaella BalestriniMore than a century has passed since the first bioformulations were introduced to the market. But there is still much to be done, explored and developed. Though bioformulations offer green alternatives and are important for sustainable agriculture, they make up only a small fraction of the total additions used to enhance crop yields or protect them from pests. There is a great need to develop bioformulations that can promote confidence among end users; accordingly, it is imperative that bioformulations to replace chemicals be reliable and overcome the shortcomings of the past. Bioformulations: for Sustainable Agriculture discusses all the issues related to the current limitations and future development of bioformulations. It examines in detail those bioformulations that include biofertilizers and biopesticides (also commonly known as bioinoculants), presenting a global picture of their development. Further chapters address diverse microbes that are already being or could be used as bioformulations. The book also discusses the techniques, tools and other additions required to establish bioformulations as trustworthy and global solutions. It assesses the types of bioformulations currently available on the market, while also considering the future roles of bioformulations, including the reclamation of marginal and polluted soils. Further, it discusses the current legislation and much-needed amendments. Overall the book provides a comprehensive outlook on the status quo of bioformulations and the future approaches needed to improve them and achieve sustainable agriculture and food security without sacrificing the quality of soils. This will be extremely important in offering chemical-free foods and a better future for generations to come.
Biofortification for Nutrient-Rich Crops (Genome Designing of Crops)
by Monika Garg Saloni Sharma Apoorv TiwariBiofortification is a widely accepted cost-effective agricultural strategy to improve the nutrient deficiency in populations. It is especially useful in low income and developing nations. Strategies for biofortification employ crop breeding, targeted genetic alteration, and agronomy, show promise for addressing multiple forms of human malnutrition. To increase the bioavailability of food nutrients, biofortification efforts must focus on improving the nutrient content of food and decreasing anti-nutrients.This book covers the basics of biofortification, international efforts, challenges, opportunities, and the use of the latest omics technologies in addition to classical approaches. It covers the most studied micronutrients, vitamin biofortification, and the new topics in dietary fibers, starch quality, and phenolics. It uniquely covers the antinutrients like phytic acid, ODAP, and Glucosinolates. It also reviews food bioavailability, scientific research, and meta-analyses to assess the health-promoting efficacy of different nutrients. The book attempts to cover all bases, from decision considerations to prospects, as well as biofortification of nutrients, antinutrient reduction, and the use of latest technology to aid in the nutritional enhancement of virtually all recorded food crops.
Biofortification in Cereals: Progress and Prospects
by Altafhusain Nadaf Rupesh Deshmukh Humira Sonah Waquar Akhter Ansari Kashmir SinghThe book addresses recent advances in biofortification using different approaches like foliar fertilizer, plant breeding, and genetic engineering as well as its utilization for improvement of nutritional quality of cereals. The content compiled is contributed by the renowned scientists actively working in the area of the cereal biofortification. This is an authentic, reliable, and exhaustive compilation bringing together the technological advancements, fundamental principles, and applicability of scientific innovations in biofortification. It also discusses policies and regulations for the implication of various strategies. It is useful reading material for researchers and students in the field.
Biofortification of Food Crops
by Ummed Singh C S Praharaj S S Singh N P SinghThe chapters presented in this book 'Biofortification of Food Crops' depict how agricultural technological interventions have true role in alleviating malnutrition. This book highlights the role of multidisciplinary approaches to cope up with the challenges of micronutrient malnutrition or hidden hunger which is an alarming public health issue in most parts of the world including India. In this endeavour, different biofortification approaches such as agronomic (or ferti-fortification), breeding, biotechnological, physiological, microbial etc. has fulfilled their different mandates of nutrient enrichment of food crops including cereals and pulses. The contents of the book proves that biofortified plants have adequate potential to nourish nutrient depleted soils, help increase crop productivity and provide nutritional benefits to plants, humans and livestock. The content and quality of information presented in this book will definitely provide multiple novel ideas of advance techniques and will stimulate innovative thoughts and directions amongst researchers and policy makers in the field of biofortification. In addition, the contributions presented in the book will be a good source of background knowledge and technical know-how to educate the readers about biofortification. The authors hope that the book entitled "Biofortification of Food Crops" would provide a suitable platform in our collective efforts for an appropriate dialogue among the scientists, researchers, entrepreneurs, policy makers and farmers in reducing the budding issues of malnutrition through novel approaches and means.
Biofortification of Staple Crops
by Shiv Kumar Harsh Kumar Dikshit Gyan Prakash Mishra Akanksha SinghThis edited book brings together comprehensive information on various aspects of the biofortification of staple crops. It addresses the present status of food and nutritional security and highlights the importance of micronutrients in human health, a historical account of biofortification, current approaches and challenges, crop-specific biofortification efforts and various breeding approaches, including conventional, and genomics enabled improvement. It also explains the efficacy of biofortification, bioavailability, and future thrust. It is an inclusive source of information on different aspects of micronutrients in crops of global importance. Malnutrition is a serious global issue, with millions of people being undernourished, several suffering from micronutrient deficiencies, and the adult population struggling with obesity. Despite significant economic progress, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are still home to an undernourished population. Nutrition-related health problems are related to hidden hunger and are widespread in the developing world. Women and preschool children are more vulnerable. Even though global food production has increased manifolds, estimates indicate that over 60% of the world’s population is deficient in essential micronutrients such as iron, zinc, iodine, and selenium, often causing health problems and developmental delays. Linking agricultural production with human nutrition and health is crucial for ensuring nutrition security. Much research has been carried out to assess genetic diversity related to micro-nutrients in staple crops, their bioavailability, and the efficacy of biofortified germplasm. Biofortified varieties developed in different crops through conventional breeding are being up-scaled for reducing the micronutrient deficiencies in other countries. This book is a ready reference for researchers, academicians, extension personnel, policymakers, students, and value chain stakeholders engaged in agriculture, nutrition, and health sectors promoting nutrition-sensitive diets.
Biofouling Methods
by Sergey Dobretsov Jeremy C. Thomason David N. WilliamsBiofouling Methods provides a “cook book” for both established workers and those new to the field. The methods included in this important new book range from tried and tested techniques to those at the cutting edge, encompassing the full diversity of this multidisciplinary field. The book covers methods for microbial and macrofouling, coatings and biocides, and ranges from methods for fundamental studies to methods relevant for industrial applications. There is an emphasis on answering questions and each chapter provides technical methods and problem-solving hints and tips. Bringing together a wealth of international contributions and edited by three internationally known and respected experts in the subject Biofouling Methods is the essential methodology reference in the field for all those working in the antifouling industry including those involved in formulation of antifouling products such as paints and other coatings. Aquatic biologists, ecologists, environmental scientists and lawyers, marine engineers, aquaculture personnel, chemists, and medical researchers will all find much of interest within this book. All universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught should have copies of this important work on their shelves.