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Adaptive Agricultural Practices: Building Resilience in a Changing Climate (SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science)
by Pradeep Kumar Dubey Gopal Shankar Singh Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil AbhilashThis brief explores several adaptive agricultural practices from around the world to fulfill current and future agricultural demands for food security due to the challenges posed by climate change and growing global population. Readers will discover how farmers adapt to environmental changes by adopting various agronomic practices at crop, farm and landscape levels. Particular attention is given to systemic and transformational adaptation strategies employed by farmers such as mulching, organic farming and crop diversification. This is a highly informative and carefully presented book that provides insights on how crops can build up resilience against periods of drought, high salinity, disasters such as floods, and diseases. The policy implications and future prospects of these adaptation strategies are also addressed. Environmental and plant scientists, agronomists and researchers in climate sciences will find this book interesting.
Adaptive Analysis of Damage and Fracture in Rock with Multiphysical Fields Coupling
by Yongliang WangThis book mainly focuses on the adaptive analysis of damage and fracture in rock, taking into account multiphysical fields coupling (thermal, hydro, mechanical, and chemical fields). This type of coupling is a crucial aspect in practical engineering for e.g. coal mining, oil and gas exploration, and civil engineering. However, understanding the influencing mechanisms and preventing the disasters resulting from damage and fracture evolution in rocks require high-precision and reliable solutions. This book proposes adaptive numerical algorithms and simulation analysis methods that offer significant advantages in terms of accuracy and reliability. It helps readers understand these innovative methods quickly and easily. The content consists of: (1) a finite element algorithm for modeling the continuum damage evolution in rocks, (2) adaptive finite element analysis for continuum damage evolution and determining the wellbore stability of transversely isotropic rock, (3) an adaptive finite element algorithm for damage detection in non-uniform Euler–Bernoulli beams with multiple cracks, using natural frequencies, (4) adaptive finite element–discrete element analysis for determining multistage hydrofracturing in naturally fractured reservoirs, (5) adaptive finite element–discrete element analysis for multistage supercritical CO2 fracturing and microseismic modeling, and (6) an adaptive finite element–discrete element–finite volume algorithm for 3D multiscale propagation of hydraulic fracture networks, taking into account hydro-mechanical coupling. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable reference guide for researchers, postgraduates and undergraduates majoring in engineering mechanics, mining engineering, geotechnical engineering, and geological engineering.
Adaptive and Fault-Tolerant Control of Underactuated Nonlinear Systems (Automation and Control Engineering)
by Jiangshuai Huang Yong-Duan SongThe purpose of the book is to provide an exposition of recently developed adaptive and fault-tolerant control of underactuated nonlinear systems. Underactuated systems are abundant in real life, ranging from landing vehicles to surface ships and underwater vehicles to spacecrafts. For the tracking and stabilization control of underactuated mechanical systems, many methodologies have been proposed. However, a number of important issues deserve further investigation. In response to these issues, four important problems are solved in this book, including control of underactuated nonlinear systems with input saturation, output-feedback control in the presence of parametric uncertainties, fault-tolerant control of underactuated ships with or without actuator redundancy, and adaptive control of multiple underactauted nonlinear systems, including formation control and flocking control of multiple underactuated systems.
Adaptive and Learning-Based Control of Safety-Critical Systems (Synthesis Lectures on Computer Science)
by Max Cohen Calin BeltaThis book stems from the growing use of learning-based techniques, such as reinforcement learning and adaptive control, in the control of autonomous and safety-critical systems. Safety is critical to many applications, such as autonomous driving, air traffic control, and robotics. As these learning-enabled technologies become more prevalent in the control of autonomous systems, it becomes increasingly important to ensure that such systems are safe. To address these challenges, the authors provide a self-contained treatment of learning-based control techniques with rigorous guarantees of stability and safety. This book contains recent results on provably correct control techniques from specifications that go beyond safety and stability, such as temporal logic formulas. The authors bring together control theory, optimization, machine learning, and formal methods and present worked-out examples and extensive simulation examples to complement the mathematical style of presentation. Prerequisites are minimal, and the underlying ideas are accessible to readers with only a brief background in control-theoretic ideas, such as Lyapunov stability theory.
Adaptive and Robust Active Vibration Control: Methodology and Tests (Advances in Industrial Control)
by Ioan Doré Landau Tudor-Bogdan Airimițoaie Abraham Castellanos-Silva Aurelian ConstantinescuThis book approaches the design of active vibration control systems from the perspective of today s ideas of computer control. It formulates the various design problems encountered in the active management of vibration as control problems and searches for the most appropriate tools to solve them. The experimental validation of the solutions proposed on relevant tests benches is also addressed. To promote the widespread acceptance of these techniques, the presentation eliminates unnecessary theoretical developments (which can be found elsewhere) and focuses on algorithms and their use. The solutions proposed cannot be fully understood and creatively exploited without a clear understanding of the basic concepts and methods, so these are considered in depth. The focus is on enhancing motivations, algorithm presentation and experimental evaluation. MATLAB(r)routines, Simulink(r) diagrams and bench-test data are available for download and encourage easy assimilation of the experimental and exemplary material. Three major problems are addressed in the book: active damping to improve the performance of passive absorbers;adaptive feedback attenuation of single and multiple tonal vibrations; andfeedforward and feedback attenuation of broad band vibrations. Adaptive and Robust Active Vibration Control will interest practising engineers and help them to acquire new concepts and techniques with good practical validation. It can be used as the basis for a course for graduate students in mechanical, mechatronics, industrial electronics, aerospace and naval engineering. Readers working in active noise control will also discover techniques with a high degree of cross-over potential for use in their field. "
Adaptive Antennas and Receivers (Electrical and Computer Engineering)
by Melvin M. WeinerIn our modern age of remote sensing, wireless communication, and the nearly endless list of other antenna-based applications, complex problems require increasingly sophisticated solutions. Conventional antenna systems are no longer suited to high-noise or low-signal applications such as intrusion detection. Detailing highly effective approaches to non-Gaussian weak signal detection, Adaptive Antennas and Receivers provides an authoritative introduction to state-of-the-art research on the modeling, testing, and application of these technologies.Edited by innovative researcher and eminent expert Melvin M. Weiner, this book is the first to integrate three advanced approaches to non-Gaussian weak signal detection into a single reference: homogeneous partitioning of the surveillance volume, adaptive antennas, and adaptive receivers. Comprising self-contained chapters contributed by renowned experts such as Donald D. Weiner and Ronald Fante, each chapter explores the techniques, theoretical basis, and applications of the approach under discussion. The book considers signal detection in the presence of external noise such as clutter residue, interference, atmospheric noise, jammers, external thermal noise, in vivo surrounding tissue, and camouflaging material, making it ideal for use across a broad spectrum of applications.This authoritative reference supplies more than 750 figures and tables, 1460 equations, and 640 references. Adaptive Antennas and Receivers is an ideal resource for improving performance in surveillance, communication, navigation, artificial intelligence, computer tomography, neuroscience, and intrusion detection systems, to name only a few.
Adaptive Backstepping Control of Uncertain Systems with Actuator Failures, Subsystem Interactions, and Nonsmooth Nonlinearities
by Wei Wang Changyun Wen Jing ZhouIn practice, actuators often undergo failures and various factors influence its effectiveness. Also due to the increasing complexity of large-scale systems, subsystems are often interconnected, whereas the interactions between any two subsystems are difficult to deal with. This book details a series of new methodologies of designing and analyzing adaptive backstepping control systems involving treatment on actuator failures, subsystem interactions and nonsmooth nonlinearities. Moreover, it discusses some interesting open issues in adaptive failure accommodation, decentralized adaptive control and distributed adaptive coordinated control.
Adaptive Capacity and Environmental Governance (Springer Series on Environmental Management)
by Derek Armitage Ryan PlummerRapid environmental change calls for individuals and societies with an ability to transform our interactions with each other and the ecosystems upon which we depend. Adaptive capacity - the ability of a social-ecological system (or the components of that system) to be robust to disturbances and capable of responding to changes - is increasingly recognized as a critical attribute of multi-level environmental governance. This unique volume offers the first interdisciplinary and integrative perspective on an emerging area of applied scholarship, with contributions from internationally recognized researchers and practitioners. It demonstrates how adaptive capacity makes environmental governance possible in complex social-ecological systems. Cutting-edge theoretical developments are explored and empirical case studies offered from a wide range of geographic settings and natural resource contexts, such as water, climate, fisheries and forestry. * Of interest to researchers, policymakers and resource managers seeking to navigate and understand social-ecological change in diverse geographic settings and resource contexts
Adaptive Collaborative Control of Multiagent Systems by Event-Triggered Mechanisms (Intelligent Control and Learning Systems #14)
by Juan Zhang Huaguang Zhang Dongsheng Yang Yanhong Luo Bowen ZhouThis book provides a detailed study of several types of control problems in multi-agent systems, including consensus, output regulation, containment, and formation problems. The research on collaborative control of multi-agent systems has attracted engineers and scientists from various disciplines such as control, mathematics, artificial intelligence, and computer engineering. This book proposes a control strategy based on adaptive triggering mechanism and establishes a basic energy-saving framework; it also proposes an adaptive learning rate to replace fixed weights, ensuring that the proposed strategy does not rely on any global information of the communication topology and has scalability. This book is ideal for students, researchers, and engineers in collaborative control, wireless networks, power grids, UAVs, and more.
Adaptive Compensation of Nonlinear Actuators for Flight Control Applications (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #386)
by Dipankar Deb Gang Tao Jason BurkholderThis book provides a basic understanding of adaptive control and its applications in Flight control. It discusses the designing of an adaptive feedback control system and analyzes this for flight control of linear and nonlinear aircraft models using synthetic jet actuators. It also discusses control methodologies and the application of control techniques which will help practicing flight control and active flow control researchers. It also covers modelling and control designs which will also benefit researchers from the background of fluid mechanics and health management of actuation systems.The unique feature of this book is characterization of synthetic jet actuator nonlinearities over a wide range of angles of attack, an adaptive compensation scheme for such nonlinearities, and a systematic framework for feedback control of aircraft dynamics with synthetic jet actuators.
Adaptive Control: Second Edition (Dover Books on Electrical Engineering)
by Karl J. Åström Björn WittenmarkSuitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, this text introduces theoretical and practical aspects of adaptive control. It offers an excellent perspective on techniques as well as an active knowledge of key approaches. Readers will acquire a well-developed sense of when to use adaptive techniques and when other methods are more appropriate.Starting with a broad overview, the text explores real-time estimation, self-tuning regulators and model-reference adaptive systems, stochastic adaptive control, and automatic tuning of regulators. Additional topics include gain scheduling, robust high-gain control and self-oscillating controllers, and suggestions for implementing adaptive controllers. Concluding chapters feature a summary of applications and a brief review of additional areas closely related to adaptive control.Both authors are Professors at the Lund Institute of Technology in Sweden, and this text has evolved from their many years of research and teaching. Their insights into properties, design procedures, and implementation of adaptive controllers are complemented by the numerous examples, simulations, and problems that appear throughout the book.
Adaptive Control: Algorithms, Analysis and Applications (Communications and Control Engineering)
by Mohammed M'Saad Rogelio Lozano Ioan Doré Landau Alireza KarimiAdaptive Control (second edition) shows how a desired level of system performance can be maintained automatically and in real time, even when process or disturbance parameters are unknown and variable. It is a coherent exposition of the many aspects of this field, setting out the problems to be addressed and moving on to solutions, their practical significance and their application. Discrete-time aspects of adaptive control are emphasized to reflect the importance of digital computers in the application of the ideas presented. The second edition is thoroughly revised to throw light on recent developments in theory and applications with new chapters on: multimodel adaptive control with switching, direct and indirect adaptive regulation and adaptive feedforward disturbance compensation. Many algorithms are newly presented in MATLAB® m-file format to facilitate their employment in real systems. Classroom-tested slides for instructors to use in teaching this material are also now provided. All of this supplementary electronic material can be downloaded from fill in URL. The core material is also up-dated and re-edited to keep its perspective in line with modern ideas and more closely to associate algorithms with their applications giving the reader a solid grounding in: synthesis and analysis of parameter adaptation algorithms, recursive plant model identification in open and closed loop, robust digital control for adaptive control; * robust parameter adaptation algorithms, practical considerations and applications, including flexible transmission systems, active vibration control and broadband disturbance rejection and a supplementary introduction on hot dip galvanizing and a phosphate drying furnace. Control researchers and applied mathematicians will find Adaptive Control of significant and enduring interest and its use of example and application will appeal to practitioners working with unknown- and variable-parameter plant. Praise for the first edition: ...well written, interesting and easy to follow, so that it constitutes a valuable addition to the monographies in adaptive control for discrete-time linear systems... suitable (at least in part) for use in graduate courses in adaptive control.
Adaptive Control for Robotic Manipulators
by Dan Zhang Bin WeiThe robotic mechanism and its controller make a complete system. As the robotic mechanism is reconfigured, the control system has to be adapted accordingly. The need for the reconfiguration usually arises from the changing functional requirements. This book will focus on the adaptive control of robotic manipulators to address the changed conditions. The aim of the book is to summarise and introduce the state-of-the-art technologies in the field of adaptive control of robotic manipulators in order to improve the methodologies on the adaptive control of robotic manipulators. Advances made in the past decades are described in the book, including adaptive control theories and design, and application of adaptive control to robotic manipulators.
Adaptive Control of Bio-Inspired Manufacturing Systems (Research on Intelligent Manufacturing)
by Dunbing Tang Kun Zheng Wenbin GuThis book introduces state-of-the-art models and methods based on the neuroendocrine-immune-inspired approaches in the field of manufacturing control systems. It develops various bio-inspired intelligent approaches for multiple applications in order to efficiently generate production plans and control solutions and agilely deal with the frequent unexpected disturbances at the shop floor level. It also provides an introduction to bio-inspired manufacturing systems with intelligent control structures and the latest technologies. Further, the book describes recent advances in the bio-inspired methodology for a high-level adaptability in manufacturing systems, including the bio-inspired control architecture and the implementation of intelligent and adaptive control approaches based on neuroendocrine-immune mechanisms and hormone-regulation principles. It offers a valuable resource for graduate students, researchers and engineers in the fields of production management, manufacturing system control and related areas.
Adaptive Control of Dynamic Systems with Uncertainty and Quantization (Automation and Control Engineering)
by Jing Zhou Lantao Xing Changyun WenThis book presents a series of innovative technologies and research results on adaptive control of dynamic systems with quantization, uncertainty, and nonlinearity, including the theoretical success and practical development such as the approaches for stability analysis, the compensation of quantization, the treatment of subsystem interactions, and the improvement of system tracking and transient performance. Novel solutions by adopting backstepping design tools to a number of hotspots and challenging problems in the area of adaptive control are provided. In the first three chapters, the general design procedures and stability analysis of backstepping controllers and the basic descriptions and properties of quantizers are introduced as preliminary knowledge for this book. In the remainder of this book, adaptive control schemes are introduced to compensate for the effects of input quantization, state quantization, both input and state/output quantization for uncertain nonlinear systems and are applied to helicopter systems and DC Microgrid. Discussion remarks are provided in each chapter highlighting new approaches and contributions to emphasize the novelty of the presented design and analysis methods. Simulation results are also given in each chapter to show the effectiveness of these methods. This book is helpful to learn and understand the fundamental backstepping schemes for state feedback control and output feedback control. It can be used as a reference book or a textbook on adaptive quantized control for students with some background in feedback control systems. Researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the fields of control, information, and communication, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, and others will benefit from this book.
Adaptive Control of Solar Energy Collector Systems (Advances in Industrial Control)
by Rui Neves-Silva João M. Lemos José M. IgrejaThis book describes methods for adaptive control of distributed-collector solar fields: plants that collect solar energy and deliver it in thermal form. Controller design methods are presented that can overcome difficulties found in these type of plants: they are distributed-parameter systems, i. e. , systems with dynamics that depend on space as well as time; their dynamics is nonlinear, with a bilinear structure; there is a significant level of uncertainty in plant knowledge. Adaptive methods form the focus of the text because of the degree of uncertainty in the knowledge of plant dynamics. Parts of the text are devoted to design methods that assume only a very limited knowledge about the plant. Other parts detail methods that rely on knowledge of the dominant plant structure. These methods are more plant specific, but allow the improvement of performance. Adaptive Control of Solar Energy Collector Systems demonstrates the dynamics of solar fields to be rich enough to present a challenge to the control designer while, at the same time, simple enough to allow analytic work to be done, providing case studies on dynamics and nonlinear control design in a simple and revealing, but nontrivial way. The control approaches treated in this monograph can be generalized to apply to other plants modelled by hyperbolic partial differential equations, especially process plants in which transport phenomena occur, plants like dryers, steam super-heaters and even highway traffic. An important example, used repeatedly throughout the text, is a distributed-collector solar field installed at Plataforma Solar de Almeria, located in southern Spain. The control algorithms laid out in the text are illustrated with experimental results generated from this plant. Although the primary focus of this monograph is solar energy collector, the range of other systems which can benefit from the methods described will make it of interest to control engineers working in many industries as well as to academic control researchers interested in adaptive control and its applications.
Adaptive Control Systems: Techniques and Applications (Electrical And Computer Engineering Ser. #39)
by Chalamimpossible to access. It has been widely scattered in papers, reports, and proceedings ofsymposia, with different authors employing different symbols and terms. But now thereis a book that covers all aspects of this dynamic topic in a systematic manner.Featuring consistent terminology and compatible notation, and emphasizing unifiedstrategies, Adaptive Control Systems provides a comprehensive, integrated accountof basic concepts, analytical tools, algorithms, and a wide variety of application trendsand techniques.Adaptive Control Systems deals not only with the two principal approachesmodelreference adaptive control and self-tuning regulators-but also considers otheradaptive strategies involving variable structure systems, reduced order schemes, predictivecontrol, fuzzy logic, and more. In addition, it highlights a large number of practical applicationsin a range of fields from electrical to biomedical and aerospace engineering ...and includes coverage of industrial robots.The book identifies current trends in the development of adaptive control systems ...delineates areas for further research . : . and provides an invaluable bibliography of over1,200 references to the literature.The first authoritative reference in this important area of work, Adaptive ControlSystems is an essential information source for electrical and electronics, R&D,chemical, mechanical, aerospace, biomedical, metallurgical, marine, transportation, andpower plant engineers. It is also useful as a text in professional society seminars and inhousetraining programs for personnel involved with the control of complex systems, andfor graduate students engaged in the study of adaptive control systems.
Adaptive Critic Control with Robust Stabilization for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #167)
by Ding Wang Chaoxu MuThis book reports on the latest advances in adaptive critic control with robust stabilization for uncertain nonlinear systems. Covering the core theory, novel methods, and a number of typical industrial applications related to the robust adaptive critic control field, it develops a comprehensive framework of robust adaptive strategies, including theoretical analysis, algorithm design, simulation verification, and experimental results. As such, it is of interest to university researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the fields of automation, computer science, and electrical engineering wishing to learn about the fundamental principles, methods, algorithms, and applications in the field of robust adaptive critic control. In addition, it promotes the development of robust adaptive critic control approaches, and the construction of higher-level intelligent systems.
Adaptive Detection for Multichannel Signals in Non-Ideal Environments
by Weijian Liu Zeyu Wang Hongmeng ChenThis book systematically presents adaptive multichannel signal detection in three types of non-ideal environments, including sample-starved scenarios, signal mismatch scenarios, and noise plus subspace interference environments.The authors provide definitions of key concepts, detailed derivations of adaptive multichannel signal detectors, and specific examples for each non-ideal environment. In addition, the possible future trend of adaptive detection methods is discussed, as well as two further research points – namely, the adaptive detection algorithms based on information geometry, and the hybrid approaches that combine adaptive detection algorithms with machine learning algorithms.The book will be of interest to researchers, advanced undergraduates, and graduate students in sonar, radar signal processing, and communications engineering.
Adaptive Detection of Multichannel Signals Exploiting Persymmetry
by Jun Liu Danilo Orlando Chengpeng Hao Weijian LiuThis book offers a systematic presentation of persymmetric adaptive detection, including detector derivations and the definition of key concepts, followed by detailed discussion relating to theoretical underpinnings, design methodology, design considerations, and techniques enabling its practical implementation. The received data for modern radar systems are usually multichannel, namely, vector-valued, or even matrix-valued. Multichannel signal detection in Gaussian backgrounds is a fundamental problem for radar applications. With an overarching focus on persymmetric adaptive detectors, this book presents the mathematical models and design principles necessary for analyzing the behavior of each kind of persymmetric adaptive detector. Building upon that, it also introduces new design approaches and techniques that will guide engineering students as well as radar engineers toward efficient detector solutions, especially in challenging sample-starved environments where training data are limited. This book will be of interest to students, scholars, and engineers in the field of signal processing. It will be especially useful for those who have a solid background in statistical signal processing, multivariate statistical analysis, matrix theory, and mathematical analysis.
Adaptive Digital Circuits for Power-Performance Range beyond Wide Voltage Scaling: From the Clock Path to the Data Path
by Massimo Alioto Saurabh Jain Longyang LinThis book offers the first comprehensive coverage of digital design techniques to expand the power-performance tradeoff well beyond that allowed by conventional wide voltage scaling. Compared to conventional fixed designs, the approach described in this book makes digital circuits more versatile and adaptive, allowing simultaneous optimization at both ends of the power-performance spectrum. Drop-in solutions for fully automated and low-effort design based on commercial CAD tools are discussed extensively for processors, accelerators and on-chip memories, and are applicable to prominent applications (e.g., IoT, AI, wearables, biomedical). Through the higher power-performance versatility techniques described in this book, readers are enabled to reduce the design effort through reuse of the same digital design instance, across a wide range of applications. All concepts the authors discuss are demonstrated by dedicated testchip designs and experimental results. To make the results immediately usable by the reader, all the scripts necessary to create automated design flows based on commercial tools are provided and explained.
Adaptive Digital Filters
by Zoran Banjac Milan Milosavljević Branko Kovačević"Adaptive Digital Filters" presents an important discipline applied to the domain of speech processing. The book first makes the reader acquainted with the basic terms of filtering and adaptive filtering, before introducing the field of advanced modern algorithms, some of which are contributed by the authors themselves. Working in the field of adaptive signal processing requires the use of complex mathematical tools. The book offers a detailed presentation of the mathematical models that is clear and consistent, an approach that allows everyone with a college level of mathematics knowledge to successfully follow the mathematical derivations and descriptions of algorithms. The algorithms are presented in flow charts, which facilitates their practical implementation. The book presents many experimental results and treats the aspects of practical application of adaptive filtering in real systems, making it a valuable resource for both undergraduate and graduate students, and for all others interested in mastering this important field.
Adaptive Digital Filters (Signal Processing and Communications)
by Maurice BellangerThis text emphasizes the intricate relationship between adaptive filtering and signal analysis - highlighting stochastic processes, signal representations and properties, analytical tools, and implementation methods. This second edition includes new chapters on adaptive techniques in communications and rotation-based algorithms. It provides practical applications in information, estimation, and circuit theories.
Adaptive Disaster Risk Assessment: Combining Multi-Hazards with Socioeconomic Vulnerability and Dynamic Exposure (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)
by Neiler Medina PenaClimate change, combined with the rapid and often unplanned urbanisation trends, is associated with a rising trend in the frequency and severity of disasters triggered by natural hazards. In order to face the impacts of such threats, it is necessary to have an appropriate Disaster Risk Assessment (DRA). Traditional DRA approaches for disaster risk reduction (DRR) have focused mainly on the hazard component of risk, with little attention to the vulnerability and the exposure components. To address this issue, this dissertation’s main objective is to develop and test a disaster risk modelling framework that incorporates socioeconomic vulnerability and the adaptive nature of exposure associated with human behaviour in extreme hydro-meteorological events in the context of SIDS. To achieve the objective, an Adaptive Disaster Risk Assessment (ADRA) framework is proposed. ADRA uses an index-based approach (PeVI) to assess the socioeconomic vulnerability using three components: susceptibility, lack of coping capacities, and lack of adaptation. Furthermore, ADRA explicitly incorporates the exposure component using two approaches; first, a logistic regression model was built using the actual evacuation rates observed during Hurricane Irma, and second, an Agent-based model is used to simulate how households change their exposure levels in relation to different sources of information
Adaptive, Dynamic, and Resilient Systems
by Niranjan Suri Giacomo CabriAs the complexity of today's networked computer systems grows, they become increasingly difficult to understand, predict, and control. Addressing these challenges requires new approaches to building these systems. Adaptive, Dynamic, and Resilient Systems supplies readers with various perspectives of the critical infrastructure that systems of netwo