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Bogoliubov-de Gennes Method and Its Applications (Lecture Notes in Physics #924)
by Jian-Xin ZhuThe purpose of this book is to provide an elementary yet systematic description of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations, their unique symmetry properties and their relation to Green's function theory. Specifically, it introduces readers to the supercell technique for the solutions of the BdG equations, as well as other related techniques for more rapidly solving the equations in practical applications. The BdG equations are derived from a microscopic model Hamiltonian with an effective pairing interaction and fully capture the local electronic structure through self-consistent solutions via exact diagonalization. This approach has been successfully generalized to study many aspects of conventional and unconventional superconductors with inhomogeneities - including defects, disorder or the presence of a magnetic field - and becomes an even more attractive choice when the first-principles information of a typical superconductor is incorporated via the construction of a low-energy tight-binding model. Further, the lattice BdG approach is essential when theoretical results for local electronic states around such defects are compared with the scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. Altogether, these lectures provide a timely primer for graduate students and non-specialist researchers, while also offering a useful reference guide for experts in the field.
Boiler Control Systems Engineering
by G. F. Jerry GilmanThis book is for anyone who works with boilers: utilities managers, power plant managers, control systems engineers, maintenance technicians or operators. The information deals primarily with water tube boilers with Induced Draft (ID) and Forced Draft (FD) fan(s) or boilers containing only FD fans. It can also apply to any fuel-fired steam generator.
Boiler Operator's Handbook
by Carl BuzzutoWith the increased interest in climate impacts, sustainability, and efficiency, more responsibility is being placed on boiler operators to help improve performance and reduce emissions. This third edition of the Boiler Operator’s Handbook is intended to help such operators in the quest for improved operability and performance of their boilers and their plants. The theme of this book is to "operate wisely". The goal is to instill not only "know how" but "know why". The main details have been provided by the original author, Mr. Ken Heselton. This updated version has been somewhat expanded to include a wider range of examples and some of the more recent environmental requirements. To illustrate these points, topics include multi boiler operations, understanding the plant load, maintenance issues, and controls. Every plant is different. However, it is hoped that with the information provided in this book, the wise operator will be able to address the various unique issues posed by the specific plant and provide timely solutions to meet the present-day requirements.
Boiler Tube Failure Mechanisms: Case Studies (Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering)
by Atanu SahaThis book presents failure mechanisms of different boiler components and preventive measures. It illustrates the basic steam flow and circuit design of steam boiler, boiler design parameters, boiler components materials and their behavior at different temperatures. The book aims to identify the cause(s) of in-service failure of secondary superheater tube, platen superheater tube and furnace water wall tube and also presents the solutions to avoid the future failures. This volume will be of interest to researchers and professionals working in the areas of energy, power generation, electric power plants, thermodynamics, industrial chemistry, etc.
Boilers: A Practical Reference
by Kumar RayaproluFollowing the publication of the author's first book, Boilers for Power and Process by CRC Press in 2009, several requests were made for a reference with even quicker access to information. Boilers: A Practical Reference is the result of those requests, providing a user-friendly encyclopedic format with more than 500 entries and nearly the same num
Boilers for Power and Process
by Kumar RayaproluBoiler professionals require a strong command of both the theoretical and practical facets of water tube-boiler technology. From state-of-the-art boiler construction to mechanics of firing techniques, Boilers for Power and Process augments seasoned engineers' already-solid grasp of boiler fundamentals. A practical explanation of theory, it d
Boiling Heat Transfer And Two-Phase Flow
by L S TongCompletely updated, this graduate text describes the current state of boiling heat transfer and two-phase flow, in terms through which students can attain a consistent understanding. Prediction of real or potential boiling heat transfer behaviour, both in steady and transient states, is covered to aid engineering design of reliable and effective systems.
Boiling Heat Transfer in Dilute Emulsions (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology #8)
by Francis A. Kulacki Matthew Lind RoesleBoiling Heat Transfer in Dilute Emulsions synthesizes recent advances and established understanding on the subject of boiling in dilute emulsions. Experimental results from various sources are collected and analyzed, including contemporary experiments that correlate visualization with heat transfer data. Published models of boiling heat transfer in dilute emulsions, and their implementation, are described and assessed against experimental data.
Bokashi Composting
by Adam FooterBokashi composting relies on anaerobic fermentation in a closed system to recycle food waste in your kitchen, garage or apartment. Unlike conventional composting, the bokashi method can break down heavier items like meat, fish and cheese, and usually takes no more than two weeks. From scraps to soil, Bokashi Composting is a complete, step-by-step, do-it-yourself guide to this amazing process.
Bok's Giant Leap: One Moon Rock's Journey Through Time and Space
by Neil ArmstrongFirst man on the moon Neil Armstrong's only children's book is a unique exploration of how the Earth and the Moon came to be.The entire epic history of the Earth and the Moon is recounted through the observations of one special moon rock named Bok. Geologists say that rocks remember, and Bok certainly does. It recounts how its life began on Earth, until a collision with an asteroid catapults it into orbit during the creation of the Moon. From the Moon's surface, Bok watches the developing planet change from afar--until a strange creature scoops him up and brings him back to Earth. When NASA honored Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong and gave him a piece of moon rock from that mission, Armstrong playfully named the rock Bok in his acceptance speech. Award-winning illustrator Grahame Baker-Smith has created a breathtaking, one-of-a-kind picture book based on that speech, combining fascinating science and history with the grandest human adventure of all.
The Bold and the Brave: A History of Women in Science and Engineering
by Monique FrizeThe Bold and the Brave investigates how women have striven throughout history to gain access to education and careers in science and engineering. Author Monique Frize, herself an engineer for over 40 years, introduces the reader to key concepts and debates that contextualize the obstacles women have faced and continue to face in the fields of science and engineering. She focuses on the history of women’s education in mathematics and science through the ages, from antiquity to the Enlightenment. While opportunities for women were often purposely limited, she reveals how many women found ways to explore science outside of formal education. The book examines the lives and work of three women –Sophie Germain, Mileva Einstein, and Rosalind Franklin – that provide excellent examples of how women’s contributions to science have been dismissed, ignored or stolen outright. She concludes with an in-depth look at women’s participation in science and engineering throughout the twentieth century and the current status of women in science and engineering, which has experienced a decline in recent years. To encourage more young women to pursue careers in science and engineering she advocates re-gendering the fields by integrating feminine and masculine approaches that would ultimately improve scientific and engineering endeavours.
Boldly Go: Teen Astronauts #2 (Teen Astronauts #2)
by Eric WaltersTeen astronaut Houston Williams is finally headed into outer space. Houston Williams was thrilled to win a scholarship to attend a space program at NASA. What he didn’t realize was that organizers were recruiting people for a cutting-edge research project aimed at studying how space travel affects people of different ages. Now, after months of intense training, Houston is blasting off into space! He and his new friend and former rival, Ashley, are on their way to the International Space Station (ISS) where, along with veteran astronaut Colonel Sanderson, they will be subjected to a variety of experiments. Meanwhile, back on Earth, the politics of space travel are getting complicated. Many feel the money being spent on Mars exploration should be redirected to address issues such as access to clean water and global warming. A planned mission to Mars may be accelerated before funding is canceled, and there is talk of repurposing the ISS crew. Houston doesn't dare say out loud what he's thinking: Is there a chance he could actually be going to Mars? This is the second book in the Teen Astronauts series, following Houston, Is There A Problem?
The Boletes of China: Tylopilus s.l.
by Yan-Chun Li Zhu L. YangThis book introduces the Chinese boletes, including the history, ecological and economic values, as well as the geographical distribution patterns with a highlight on the Tylopilus species. Species in Tylopilus s.l. are not only of important ecological values but also of scientific interests. They are very diverse in morphology, complex in structure and wide in ecological niches. China is one of the diverse hotspots of boletes, and many boletes were traditionally treated as members of Tylopilus based on hymenophore or spore-print colour. The studies revealed that the traditionally defined Tylopilus is polyphyletic. This book aims to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among the genera treated in Tylopilus s.l. previously; to delimit and recognize the taxa, and finally to reveal the diversity of the genera and species of Tylopilus s.l. in China. The book is intended to be a reference for biologists who conduct investigations of biological resources and biodiversity; university and college teachers and students carrying out studies in related fields; mycologists and amateur mycologists, or people who interested in mushrooms taxonomy and systematics; and workers in the development of non-timber forest products.
Boll Weevil Blues: Cotton, Myth, and Power in the American South
by James C. GiesenBetween the 1890s and the early 1920s, the boll weevil slowly ate its way across the Cotton South from Texas to the Atlantic Ocean. At the turn of the century, some Texas counties were reporting crop losses of over 70 percent, as were areas of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi. By the time the boll weevil reached the limits of the cotton belt, it had destroyed much of the region’s chief cash crop—tens of billions of pounds of cotton, worth nearly a trillion dollars. As staggering as these numbers may seem, James C. Giesen demonstrates that it was the very idea of the boll weevil and the struggle over its meanings that most profoundly changed the South—as different groups, from policymakers to blues singers, projected onto this natural disaster the consequences they feared and the outcomes they sought. Giesen asks how the myth of the boll weevil’s lasting impact helped obscure the real problems of the region—those caused not by insects, but by landowning patterns, antiquated credit systems, white supremacist ideology, and declining soil fertility. Boll Weevil Blues brings together these cultural, environmental, and agricultural narratives in a novel and important way that allows us to reconsider the making of the modern American South.
Boltzmanns Atom: The Great Debate That Launched A Revolution In Physics
by David LindleyIn 1900 many eminent scientists did not believe atoms existed, yet within just a few years the atomic century launched into history with an astonishing string of breakthroughs in physics that began with Albert Einstein and continues to this day. Before this explosive growth into the modern age took place, an all-but-forgotten genius strove for forty years to win acceptance for the atomic theory of matter and an altogether new way of doing physics. Ludwig Boltz-mann battled with philosophers, the scientific establishment, and his own potent demons. His victory led the way to the greatest scientific achievements of the twentieth century. Now acclaimed science writer David Lindley portrays the dramatic story of Boltzmann and his embrace of the atom, while providing a window on the civilized world that gave birth to our scientific era. Boltzmann emerges as an endearingly quixotic character, passionately inspired by Beethoven, who muddled through the practical matters of life in a European gilded age. Boltzmann's story reaches from fin de siècle Vienna, across Germany and Britain, to America. As the Habsburg Empire was crumbling, Germany's intellectual might was growing; Edinburgh in Scotland was one of the most intellectually fertile places on earth; and, in America, brilliant independent minds were beginning to draw on the best ideas of the bureaucratized old world. Boltzmann's nemesis in the field of theoretical physics at home in Austria was Ernst Mach, noted today in the term Mach I, the speed of sound. Mach believed physics should address only that which could be directly observed. How could we know that frisky atoms jiggling about corresponded to heat if we couldn't see them? Why should we bother with theories that only told us what would probably happen, rather than making an absolute prediction? Mach and Boltzmann both believed in the power of science, but their approaches to physics could not have been more opposed. Boltzmann sought to explain the real world, and cast aside any philosophical criteria. Mach, along with many nineteenth-century scientists, wanted to construct an empirical edifice of absolute truths that obeyed strict philosophical rules. Boltzmann did not get on well with authority in any form, and he did his best work at arm's length from it. When at the end of his career he engaged with the philosophical authorities in the Viennese academy, the results were personally disastrous and tragic. Yet Boltzmann's enduring legacy lives on in the new physics and technology of our wired world. Lindley's elegant telling of this tale combines the detailed breadth of the best history, the beauty of theoretical physics, and the psychological insight belonging to the finest of novels.
Boltzmann's Tomb
by Bill GreenA selection of the Scientific American book clubRecommended by MSNBC, Los Angeles Times, & American Association for the Advancement of Science's SB&F magazine"This wonderful scientific memoir captures the romance and beauty of research in precise poetic prose that is as gorgeous and evocative as anything written by Rilke, painted by Seurat, or played by Casals." -Mary Doria Russell, author of Doc and The Sparrow"A radiant love letter to science from a scientist with a poet's soul . . . Green is an exquisite writer, and his fierce focus and mastery of style are reminiscent of the biologist and essayist Lewis Thomas." -Kirkus ReviewsIn Boltzmann's Tomb, Bill Green interweaves the story of his own lifelong evolution as a scientist, and his work in the Antarctic, with a travelogue that is a personal and universal history of science. Like Richard Holmes' The Age of Wonder-this book serves as a marvelous introduction to the great figures of science. Along with lyrical meditations on the tragic life of Galileo, the wildly eccentric Tycho Brahe, and the visionary Sir Isaac Newton, Green's ruminations return throughout to the lesser-known figure of Ludwig Boltzmann. Using Boltzmann's theories of randomness and entropy as a larger metaphor for the unpredictable paths that our lives take, Green shows us that science, like art, is a lived adventure. Bill Green is a geochemist and professor emeritus at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. He is also the author of Water, Ice & Stone: Science and Memory on the Antarctic Lakes which received the American Museum of Natural History's John Burroughs Award for Nature Writing, was a finalist for the PEN/Martha Albrand Award, and was excerpted in The Ends of the Earth: An Anthology of the Finest Writing on the Arctic and the Antarctic, edited by Elizabeth Kolbert.
Boltzman's Atom
by David LindleyDescribes the history of Boltzman and his work in discovering atoms. Also goes into the philosophical debates involved.
The Bomb: A New History
by Steven M. YoungerA former Los Alamos weapons designer shares “an indispensable guide to the science and strategy of nuclear weapons” (Booklist).From his years at Los Alamos and the Nevada Test Site to his meetings with nuclear arms experts in Moscow, former weapons designer Stephen M. Younger has witnessed firsthand the making of nuclear policy. With a deep understanding of both the technology and the politics behind nuclear weapons, he guides us from the Manhattan Project to the Cold War and into the present day, illuminating how nuclear weapons fit into our globalized, war-plagued world. With startling clarity, Younger reveals how weapons work, the myths and realities of what happens after a nuclear explosion, and how our nuclear policy evolved to what it is today. In an era when rogue nations like North Korean and Iran strive to create their own precarious weapons programs, Younger provides much-needed background and insight for students, policy makers, and readers who wish to better understand the important issues involving nuclear weapons and national security.“Younger has provided an insightful guide, especially for the general reader, into today’s array of nuclear powers and their capabilities.” —James Schlesinger, former Secretary of Defense and Secretary of Energy
The Bomb and America's Missile Age (The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science #133)
by Christopher GainorHow nuclear weapons helped drive the United States into the missile age.The intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), designed to quickly deliver thermonuclear weapons to distant targets, was the central weapons system of the Cold War. ICBMs also carried the first astronauts and cosmonauts into orbit. More than a generation later, we are still living with the political, technological, and scientific effects of the space race, while nuclear-armed ICBMs remain on alert and in the headlines around the world.In The Bomb and America’s Missile Age, Christopher Gainor explores the US Air Force’s (USAF) decision, in March 1954, to build the Atlas, America’s first ICBM. Beginning with the story of the guided missiles that were created before and during World War II, Gainor describes how the early Soviet and American rocket programs evolved over the course of the following decade. He argues that the USAF was wrongly criticized for unduly delaying the start of its ICBM program, endangering national security, and causing America embarrassment when a Soviet ICBM successfully put Sputnik into orbit ahead of any American satellite. Shedding fresh light on the roots of America’s space program and the development of US strategic forces, The Bomb and America’s Missile Age uses evidence uncovered in the past few decades to set the creation of the Atlas ICBM in its true context—not only in the America of the postwar years but also in comparison with the real story of the Soviet missiles that propelled the space race and the Cold War. Aimed at readers interested in the history of the Cold War and of space exploration, the book makes a major contribution to the history of rocket development and the nuclear age.
The Bomb in My Garden: The Secrets of Saddam's Nuclear Mastermind
by Mahdi Obeidi Kurt PitzerObeidi, the former director-general of Iraq's Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization under Saddam Hussein, was involved in Iraq's quest for a nuclear bomb beginning in the late 1970s. In this memoir, he tells his story of his work in the program, describing how the efforts came to a halt after the first Gulf War, and how he watched as the U. S. used allegations he knew were false to justify the invasion of his country. In many parts, the story is as much personal as professional as he worries about the fate of his family in difficult times.
Bonanza Girl
by Patricia BeattyA widow and her two children head for gold rush territory in Idaho, hoping to find jobs and a new life.
Bond Failure Mechanism of Fully Grouted Rock Bolts (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Jianhang Chen Yongliang Li Junwen ZhangThe purpose of writing this book is to provide the latest research findings in ground control techniques in mining engineering, especially the rock bolting techniques. Since rock bolts are widely used in mining engineering and civil engineering, they are significant in guaranteeing the safety of underground openings. However, instability issues still occur with the rock bolting technique. Therefore, it is valuable to understand the exact load transfer mechanism of rock bolts. This book summarised the recent research work regarding rock bolting conducted by the authors. It is valuable for the readers to fully understand the reinforcing mechanism of fully grouted rock bolts. This book focuses on the bond failure mode of fully grouted rock bolts, which is the most widely encountered failure mode in rock bolting. Different investigation approaches are used in this book, including numerical simulation, analytical modelling and experimental tests. Therefore, this book conducts a comprehensive study to reveal the bond failure process of fully grouted rock bolts. Moreover, it reveals the corresponding bond failure mechanism. Therefore, it helps the reads to fully understand the bond failure mechanism of rock bolting. Moreover, it helps the readers to develop new approaches and methods to prevent failure of the rock bolting system.This is an open access book.
Bond Graph Model-based Fault Diagnosis of Hybrid Systems
by Wolfgang BorutzkyThis book presents bond graph model-based fault detection with a focus on hybrid system models. The book addresses model design, simulation, control and model-based fault diagnosis of multidisciplinary engineering systems. The text beings with a brief survey of the state-of-the-art, then focuses on hybrid systems. The author then uses different bond graph approaches throughout the text and provides case studies.
Bond Graph Modelling for Control, Fault Diagnosis and Failure Prognosis
by Wolfgang BorutzkyThis book shows in a comprehensive presentation how Bond Graph methodology can support model-based control, model-based fault diagnosis, fault accommodation, and failure prognosis by reviewing the state-of-the-art, presenting a hybrid integrated approach to Bond Graph model-based fault diagnosis and failure prognosis, and by providing a review of software that can be used for these tasks.The structured text illustrates on numerous small examples how the computational structure superimposed on an acausal bond graph can be exploited to check for control properties such as structural observability and control lability, perform parameter estimation and fault detection and isolation, provide discrete values of an unknown degradation trend at sample points, and develop an inverse model for fault accommodation. The comprehensive presentation also covers failure prognosis based on continuous state estimation by means of filters or time series forecasting. This book has been written for students specializing in the overlap of engineering and computer science as well as for researchers, and for engineers in industry working with modelling, simulation, control, fault diagnosis, and failure prognosis in various application fields and who might be interested to see how bond graph modelling can support their work.Presents a hybrid model-based, data-driven approach to failure prognosisHighlights synergies and relations between fault diagnosis and failure prognosticDiscusses the importance of fault diagnosis and failure prognostic in various fields
Bond Graph Modelling of Engineering Systems: Theory, Applications and Software Support
by Wolfgang BorutzkyThe author presents current work in bond graph methodology by providing a compilation of contributions from experts across the world that covers theoretical topics, applications in various areas as well as software for bond graph modeling. It addresses readers in academia and in industry concerned with the analysis of multidisciplinary engineering systems or control system design who are interested to see how latest developments in bond graph methodology with regard to theory and applications can serve their needs in their engineering fields. This presentation of advanced work in bond graph modeling presents the leading edge of research in this field. It is hoped that it stimulates new ideas with regard to further progress in theory and in applications.