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Tourism Planning & Policy: Strategies for Destination Development and Management
by Lynn MinnaertLocal, regional and national governments play an important role in how tourism destinations are developed and managed. But where do politics come in? How do organisations like the United Nations fit into this picture? And how does policy making work at the international level? All these questions and more are covered in this essential new textbook, with examples from destinations all over the world. This concise and accessible introduction to tourism planning and policy making explores key themes around the strategic planning process, sustainability, ethics and inclusion in tourism, and future policy directions for tourism. Each chapter includes several snapshots and one case study to demonstrate how theory applies in practice, and ends with self-test questions to check your understanding. This text is essential reading for all college and university students studying tourism, hospitality, events, and leisure and recreation studies. Lynn Minnaert is the Dean of the School of Hospitality at the Metropolitan State University of Denver.
Tourism Planning & Policy: Strategies for Destination Development and Management
by Lynn MinnaertLocal, regional and national governments play an important role in how tourism destinations are developed and managed. But where do politics come in? How do organisations like the United Nations fit into this picture? And how does policy making work at the international level? All these questions and more are covered in this essential new textbook, with examples from destinations all over the world. This concise and accessible introduction to tourism planning and policy making explores key themes around the strategic planning process, sustainability, ethics and inclusion in tourism, and future policy directions for tourism. Each chapter includes several snapshots and one case study to demonstrate how theory applies in practice, and ends with self-test questions to check your understanding. This text is essential reading for all college and university students studying tourism, hospitality, events, and leisure and recreation studies. Lynn Minnaert is the Dean of the School of Hospitality at the Metropolitan State University of Denver.
Tourism Planning and Development in Eastern Europe (CABI Regional Tourism Series)
by Senija Causevic Slawomir Dorocki Cristi Frent Veronika Jánová Olga Junek Halyna Kushniruk Dr Piotr Niewiadomski Lukasz Quirini-Poplawski Mykhailo Rutynskyi Blanka Šimundic Vlatka Škokic Anna Staszewska Svetla Stoyanova-Bozhkova Natalia Tomczewska-Popowycz Peter Vlachos Kejsi Xhafaj Michal ZemlaThree decades ago, the hypermobility of tourists from the days before the global pandemic was truly unthinkable in Eastern Europe. The borders were closed and the region isolated from the rest of the world. Despite an extraordinary transformation of tourism in the area since, Eastern Europe remains under-explored in tourism studies. This book fills the gap by outlining contemporary strategies for tourism development in post-socialist countries, considering the opportunities and challenges as well as the initiatives and approaches to sustainability. Reviewing tourism development and planning across Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Romania and Ukraine, this book: - offers a contemporary insight into Eastern European tourism, with a wide range of case studies from inter-disciplinary and single-disciplinary perspectives; - uses varied methodological approaches and research methods, including in-depth interviews, focus groups, informal conversations, document analysis, netnography, questionnaires and secondary data, to form an interesting and diverse treatise; - considers post-COVID tourism and the significant role of tourism stakeholders in its redevelopment. Illuminating the various economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts that tourism has created, this book is a valuable reference for researchers and students of tourism and related disciplines, as well as anyone interested in the development of Eastern Europe.
Tourism Planning and Development in Latin America (CABI Regional Tourism Series)
by Dimitrios Stylidis Dr Konstantinos Andriotis Ileana Araúz-Beita Adrián Arias-Navarro Florence E Babb Melvin Bermúdez-Elizondo Carlos Ronald Borbon-Sandí Juan Gabriel Brida Enrique Calfucura Francisca de la Maza Carolina Inés Garcia Carla Guerrón Montero Bibiana Lanzilotta Ledys López Zapata Gabriela Maldonado Pérez Andrea Muñoz-Barriga Gerardo Novo Maribel Osorio-García Fiorella Pizzolon Natalia Porto Martín Rodríguez Brindis Sandra Zapata-AguirreDespite the significance of tourism to the economic, social and environmental structures of Latin America, little has been documented in the English-language literature about tourism in this region. Filling that void, this book focuses exclusively on tourism development and planning, and the impact this has on a wide number of Latin American countries. It covers experiences, challenges, successful and unsuccessful stories, specific cases, and other tourism-related issues, with respect to 10 countries in total. Each chapter is authored by scholars who have done extensive research on tourism in the countries covered. This book: Examines the impact of tourism development and planning within Latin American countries. Takes a multidisciplinary approach including Anthropology, Development, Economics, Ecology, Policy, Sociology and Tourism Planning and Management. Is the first book in English to offer an insight into extensive research undertaken within the region. This book will provide a valuable insight for tourism researchers, practitioners and decision-makers in private and public organisations, not only from the regions of Central, South and North America, but also individuals from other parts of the world who want a more encompassing view of global tourism.
Tourism Planning and Development in South Asia (CABI Regional Tourism Series)
by Dimitrios Stylidis Boopen SeetanahTourism has huge significance as a global economic and social phenomenon, and given the growing reliance on the industry by service-dependent economies around the world, the lack of focus on tourism planning and development in South Asia is surprising. Current issues including social, environmental and cultural aspects underpinned by security challenges have defined the tourism development narratives in many South Asian countries over the last decades and lead to fluid demand and supply patterns. The appetite for and reliance on tourism growth is seen regardless of the numerous challenges faced by the region. Despite a rich and steady history of tourism and demand driven by numerous pull-destinations, most South Asian countries have not invested or benefitted from global tourism growth trends. This book discusses tourism planning and development in South Asian countries and reveals successful and unsuccessful stories by: providing thorough analyses of the nature and focus on tourism development in South Asia; analysing the experiences and challenges addressed via country-focused chapters; identifying the key impacts and current challenges; including cases from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Pakistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Written by scholars with extensive research experience on tourism in these countries, this book is a much-needed resource and an invaluable reference for researchers, policy makers and other tourism stakeholders involved in tourism planning and development.
Tourism Planning and Development in Western Europe (CABI Regional Tourism Series)
by Martin Fontanari Margarida Ferreira Silva Elisabeth Kastenholz Dr Peter Wiltshier Helena Albuquerque Sonia Ancio-Alcón Ágúst Bogason Rikke Brandt Broegaard Gildas Buron Ana M. Domínguez-Quintero Valeria Fuse Anna Karlsdóttir Marie Louise Mangion Filomena Martins Laura Rauschen Anastasia Traskevich Anna Serena Vergori Valeria DiaferiaFor many decades, Western European countries have undertaken diverse pathways in tourism development and planning. Most have experienced fast or even unlimited growth, resulting in overtourism and, now, the introduction of policies that respect the limits of communities and the sustainability of their resources. Focusing exclusively on tourism development, planning and policy, this book draws together new voices to discuss issues across Belgium, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the UK. It: - Provides both successful and unsuccessful case studies to illuminate real, practical solutions, developed by tourism scholars who are experts in their researched context countries. - Adopts a range of methodological approaches to cover diverse and less-covered areas such as industrial tourism, saltpans, natural and cultural heritage, and micro-destinations. - Considers post-COVID tourism and the significant role of tourism stakeholders in Western Europe's re-development. An invaluable collection for policy-makers, researchers and academics, this book is also an insightful source of engaging contemporary case studies for use in the classroom.
Tourism Planning and Development in the Middle East (CABI Regional Tourism Series)
by Rami K. Isaac Wisam Abbasi Naser Abdi Elad Almog Selenay Ata Nursah Ayhan Fatemeh Bagheri Ashkan Borouj Ali Hajinejad Farid Hanifezadeh Sina Kuzuoglu Sarasadat Makian Alexis Saveriades Ronen Shay Bahram Nekouie Sadry Kholoud Mohamed Maksoud Somayeh ZahabnazouriGiven the historical and cultural richness of countries in the Middle East region, as well as the economic development many have exhibited in recent years, tourism planning and development gains much significance for both scholars and practitioners. Turbulence, conflicts and crises exhibited in the area add further dimensions that need to be incorporated in tourism strategies and planning, and be taken into consideration by experts at an institutional, corporate and educational level. Furthermore, in order to effectively deal with aspects of sustainability, visions and strategies in the region need to build upon good practices. As a result, a greater understanding is required of the factors influencing decision-making on tourism matters as well as on the impacts and implications of sustainable tourism development. This book, written by an international team of experts, addresses the need to examine tourism development and planning in the Middle East from a sustainability perspective by embracing case studies and examples from the region. Through its collection of chapters, the book considers tourism planning and development from the economic, socio-cultural, environmental and regulatory perspectives of sustainability. Thus, the book advances understandings of the positive and negative impacts of tourism development as well as how turbulence, crisis, synergies and the top-down and bottom-up approaches to tourism development are connected to different problems and implications for local communities, the region and the relationship of the Middle East with the rest of the world. An essential resource for tourism practitioners, decision-makers in private and public organisations, government bodies and consultants, not only from the Middle East, but for all those who want an encompassing view of global tourism.
Tourism Planning and Development: Contemporary Cases and Emerging Issues
by Jarkko Saarinen, Christian M. Rogerson and C. Michael HallAcademically complex and challenging to apply, development and planning are increasingly relevant to the growing tourism industry. This collection contains critical studies on tourism development and planning, and calls for proactive, holistic and responsible thinking. It addresses conceptual and contemporary issues in development and planning research including political trust, innovation networks, sustainability, moral encounters, enclavisation and evolutionary economics. It argues that recognition of the contextual and historical dimensions around tourism development and planning is essential to help both researchers and practitioners better understand destination and place-based decision-making. In addition, it will lead to improvements in stakeholder relations, and explains how tourism best works with localities and localities with tourism. This book was originally published as a special issue of Tourism Geographies.
Tourism Policy and Planning Implementation: Issues and Challenges (Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility)
by Konstantinos Andriotis Adi Weidenfeld Dimitrios StylidisPolicy and planning are particularly important in tourism due to their multi-faceted nature and the complexity of inter-organisational relations and collaboration. This book sheds light onto these interrelations through the critical review of tourism planning policies and their measurable outcomes. Looking at a range of policies in a variety of countries at both micro and macro levels, it considers both the failures and successes of implementing tourism policies and planning initiatives. Policies discussed throughout include: cross-border tourism, planning in post-conflict destinations and sustainable tourism development. This multidisciplinary volume furthers knowledge of the impacts of planning and policy implementation on tourism development both present and future. Written by an international team of highly esteemed academics from some of the world’s leading institutions, this will be a valuable resource for students and researchers in tourism, sociology, geography, development studies, politics, economics, and management.
Tourism Policy and Planning in Bangladesh
by Azizul Hassan Muhammad Shoeb-Ur- RahmanThis book accounts that Bangladesh is a potential destination in South Asia exhibiting a steady growth in its economy along with socio-cultural developments. With a population of over 170 million, the country possesses significant possibilities in (domestic) tourism. This book explicates that increasing number of upper social classes along with their affordability to spend on tourism and leisure activities has recalled attention for the development of this emerging industry. This book comprehensively examines the overall tourism and hospitality contexts in Bangladesh under the lens of current policy and administrative frameworks. In so doing, the contribution of tourism and hospitality industry has been highlighted in the economy of Bangladesh as a means to creating employment opportunities. Further, the book addresses that contributions remain uneven and distributed improperly and to date the tourism industry has not been offered the desired attention in supporting examples in this regard. Nonetheless, tourism and hospitality education and research have been intensifying in recent years across numerous higher academic institutions (e.g. public and private universities) in Bangladesh. This book explores critically the requirement of supportive roles of key tourism and hospitality stakeholders both from public and private domains. Ultimately, the book signifies collaborative and continuous efforts are imperative that partake both the practitioners and the academia in the development and execution of inclusive and functional tourism policy and planning in Bangladesh.
Tourism Policy and Planning: Yesterday, Today, And Tomorrow
by Jason Swanson Ginger Smith Maria Delmastro Allen David Edgell Sr.For many communities and countries throughout the world tourism is the most valuable industry. Economic changes taking place in China, India, and the United States (with almost 3 billion people, half the world's population), for example, will have major impacts on the global tourism markets of tomorrow. Social-cultural changes in Europe, with borderless tourism crossings and a common currency, are increasing opportunities for tourism growth. East Asia and the Pacific Rim are experiencing unprecedented growth and change in tourism. From the perspective of economic policy, tourism for local communities is a vital economic development tool producing income, creating jobs, spawning new businesses, spurring economic development, promoting economic diversification, developing new products, and contributing to economic integration. If local and national governments are committed to broad based tourism policies, then tourism will provide its citizens with a higher quality of life while it generates sustained economic, environmental, and social benefits. The wellspring to future growth for tourism throughout the world is a commitment toward good policy. Governments, the private sector, and not-for-profit agencies must be the leaders in a sustainable tourism policy that transcends the economic benefits and embraces environmental and cultural interests as well. Tourism Policy and Planning: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow addresses key ingredients for positive tourism policies and planning that will lead this generation and the next toward a greater quality of life resulting from tourism growth. The aim of this book is to provide government policy-makers (at all levels), business leaders, not-for-profit executives, university professors, students, tourism industry managers, and the general public with an introduction and examination of important policy and planning issues in tourism.
Tourism Policy and Planning: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
by David L. Edgell Sr Jason SwansonThe wellspring to the future global growth in tourism is a commitment toward good policy and strategic planning. Governments, the private sector, international organizations, academic institutions, and not-for-profit agencies must be the leaders in developing sustainable tourism policies that transcend the economic benefits and embrace environmental and cultural interests as well. Tourism Policy and Planning: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow (second edition) offers a comprehensive look into the policy process and how policies link to the strategic planning function as well as influence planning at the local, national and international levels. This second edition has been fully revised and updated with important new chapters and case studies that reflect the many important developments in the travel, tourism and hospitality industry and subsequent new policies and plans needed to better understand the nuances and issues in the travel, tourism and hospitality industry. The second edition features: Updates to reflect recent developments and issues ranging from global economic and cultural issues to concerns for increased national and local leadership in tourism policy and strategic planning Three new chapters: "Barriers and Obstacles to International Travel", "The International Tourism Policy Process", and "Transformative Leadership, Poverty Alleviation and Tourism Policies" New case studies throughout the book to illustrate practical applications of policy and planning at the international, regional, national and local levels to provide a solid foundation for a better understanding of new travel and tourism concepts and issues Examination of the past, present, and future of tourism policy development and strategic planning to equip professionals, academicians, and students to better understand the global tourism marketplace.
Tourism Policy and Planning: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
by David L. Edgell Sr. Jason R. SwansonThe wellspring to the future global growth in tourism is a commitment toward good policy and strategic planning. Tourism Policy and Planning: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow offers an introduction to the tourism policy process and how policies link to the strategic tourism planning function as well as influence planning at the local, national, and international level. This third edition has been fully revised and updated to reflect the many important developments in the travel and tourism industry and subsequent new policies and present planning process issues. The third edition features: A new chapter on policies regarding terrorism and its impact on tourism. New and updated content on managing sustainable tourism, obstacles and barriers to international travel, and strategic tourism planning. New case studies based on established and emerging markets throughout to illustrate real-life applications of planning and policy at the international, regional, national, and local level. New end of chapter summary and review questions to consolidate student learning. Accessible and up to date, Tourism Policy and Planning is essential reading for all tourism students.
Tourism Policy and Planning: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
by Jason R. Swanson David L. Edgell, Sr.Tourism Policy and Planning: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow offers an introduction to the tourism policy process and how policies link to the strategic tourism planning function as well as influence planning at the local, national, and international levels. This fourth edition has been fully revised and updated to reflect the many important developments in the travel and tourism industry and subsequent new policies and present planning process issues in relation to crises – in particular, COVID-19. The fourth edition features: New content on the impact of COVID-19 on tourism policy and planning. New content on the effects of the pandemic on the tourism industry more generally, including topics such as degrowth, common good economy, post-growth economy, tourism lobbies and lobbying, tourism policy/planning and SGDs citizens’ engagement in tourism policy and planning, strategic directions, monitoring, and evaluation of tourism policy. New case studies throughout to illustrate real-life applications of planning and policy at the international, regional, national, and local levels. New case studies across a variety of issues related to flora and fauna, landscapes and geographies, and global destinations such as Ecuador, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, and Belize. New enhanced companion website with chapter assignments and quizzes. Accessible and up to date, Tourism Policy and Planning provides students with an essential introduction to and examination of important policy and planning issues in tourism globally.
Tourism Products and Services in Bangladesh: Concept Analysis and Development Suggestions
by Azizul HassanThis book provides the latest research in the application of innovative technology to the tourism industry in Bangladesh, covering the perspectives, theories, issues, complexities, as well as opportunities and the challenges present. This book provides a blend of comprehensive and cross disciplinary as well as international insights from contributors to cover the various technologies in tourism. This book focuses on the importance of technologies in tourism, specifically the application and practice of such technologies including the relevant niches in tourism. This book also comprehensively highlights technologies that are impacting the tourism industry in Asia as well as reveals the specific constraints. The contents of this book deal with distinct topics such as mobile computing, new product designs, innovative technology usages in tourism promotion, technology-driven sustainable tourism development, location-based apps, mobility, accessibility and so on. This book is a significant contribution towards the very limited knowledge and under published area of tourism in Bangladesh. This book is designed to accommodate readers that from both both qualitative and quantitative research theory and practices. This book identifies specific examples of the existing tourism products and services in order to better promote and boost the tourism industry by suggesting tourism products and services available in Bangladesh. This book addresses a number of key issues and solutions by examining the products and services and the need for improved tourism marketing and development in Bangladesh as the central themes.
Tourism Public Policy, and the Strategic Management of Failure (Advances In Tourism Research Ser.)
by William Revill KerrFirst Published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Tourism Reassessed: Blight or Blessing
by Frances BrownTourism Reassessed: Blight or blessing? provides a balanced assessment of the effects of tourism on 20th century life and evaluates its significance in international relations. Inspired by Sir George Young's book, Tourism: Blessing or blight?, published 25 years ago, this book places tourism firmly within its wider context.Tourism Reassessed sees tourism as:· A factor of international relations· A facet of the global economic orderIt takes a new approach by examining the place of tourism in the global political economy, analysing both how far it is shaped by the political-economic system and its own role in shaping that system.Tourism Reassessed is ideal for educators and researchers in tourism and all those studying or interested in the subject. Policy makers in governments and international and national organizations in tourism and related fields will find this essential reading.
Tourism Research Methods
by Catherine Palmer Peter Burns Brent RitchieWithin the tourism industry there is a growing consensus on the need for research to investigate the economic, social and environmental impacts of tourism. However, existing research methods texts are based solely on either the business approach or the social science approach to tourism. They often fail to provide real world examples of how to plan, implement or analyse tourism related research. This book aims to address this divide by integrating theory with practice through the inclusion of specific tourism research case studies alongside research theory. It considers a wide range of research issues, approaches and techniques with contributions from both experienced and new researchers.
Tourism Research in China: Themes and Issues
by Songshan Sam Huang Ganghua ChenThis book provides critical in-depth reviews on key themes and issues in tourism research in China. <P><P>These themes include: Chinese scholars' epistemological views of tourism, rural tourism development, community participation in tourism, tourist market and behaviour, tourist attraction management and tour guiding and interpretation in China. While Chinese scholars are often able to access key research in both English and Chinese, the majority of researchers from outside China without knowledge of the Chinese language are unable to read original research from China. This book seeks to redress this knowledge imbalance and bring key Chinese tourism research to the international tourism academic community. This book will be a valuable reference for tourism researchers, postgraduate students and industry professionals.
Tourism Resilience and Adaptation to Environmental Change: Definitions and Frameworks (Routledge Advances in Tourism)
by Alan A. Lew and Joseph M. CheerIn recent years, resilience theory has come to occupy the core of our understanding and management of the adaptive capacity of people and places in complex social and environmental systems. Despite this, tourism scholars have been slow to adopt resilience concepts, at a time when the emergence of new frameworks and applications is pressing. Drawing on original empirical and theoretical insights in resilience thinking, this book explores how tourism communities and economies respond to environmental changes, both fast (natural hazard disasters) and slow (incremental shifts). It explores how tourism places adapt, change, and sometimes transform (or not) in relation to their environmental context, with an awareness of intersection with societal dynamics and links to political, economic and social drivers of change. Contributions draw on empirical research conducted in a range of international settings, including indigenous communities, to explore the complexity and gradations of environmental change encounters and resilience planning responses in a range of tourism contexts. As the first book to specifically focus on environmental change from a resilience perspective, this timely and original work makes a critical contribution to tourism studies, tourism management and environmental geography, as well as environmental sciences and development studies.
Tourism Routes and Trails: Theory and Practice
by David Ward-Perkins Christina Beckmann Jackie EllisTourism Routes and Trails plunges into the world of 'extended' tourism, offering an exploration of the 'routes' phenomenon whereby tourism is no longer for a given destination, but extends over multiple sites, a territory or landscape. Covering how such routes are created, often as ways of clustering experiences, it also reviews their effects on tourism businesses, local populations and other stakeholders. Emphasising the critical role of local communities, volunteers and small businesses, as well as those who provide strategic direction and funding, the book: - Is based in tourism theory, but focuses on the models and practice of route formation; - Includes a rich selection of contemporary examples and cases, showing the reader best practice as well as illustrating challenges and risks; - Covers both strategic issues of concern to nations, regions and local authorities, and the complex dynamics occurring on the ground, such as the role of grass-roots organisations and local communities. Routes allow destinations to diversify their offer and spread the economic and social benefits of tourism. With tourist behaviour increasingly shifting to thematic experiences, this book shows how to create these in a way that is both meaningful for visitors and beneficial for the destination. Suitable for tourism policy makers, economic development agencies and local stakeholders, it is also a vital resource for the next generation; students of tourism, sociology, local politics and economic development.
Tourism SMEs, Service Quality and Destination Competitiveness
by Eleri Jones Claire Haven-TangThe tourism and hospitality industry in most destinations is dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), including small hotels, guesthouses, cafes and restaurants. While a destination may be seen by potential customers as a coordinated set of "places to say and things to do," therein lies a dilemma -- destinations may be much less coordinated than desirable, which may strongly influence a customer's image of a destination. The heterogeneity of tourism SME business motivation poses enormous challenges to developing a coherent destination, enhancing destination service quality and standards and sustaining destination competitiveness. This book is based on an edited collection of papers drawn from academic and practitioner research presented at a tourism research conference held in Cardiff. These papers explore SMEs in Australia, Austria, Canada, Central Florida, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Kenya, Libya, New Zealand, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland and Wales. This book will be of significant interest to researchers in tourism and hospitality and industry practitioners.
Tourism Safety, Security and Resilience: Integrated Community-Based Approaches (Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility)
by Rami K. Isaac Vanessa Gb Gowreesunkar Shem Wambugu MaingiThis significant volume critically explores the implications of tourism safety and security and how communities in tourism destinations try to be resilient in the face of these impacts.Written by leading scholars, this book offers new insight into the conceptual and practical knowledge of community resilience due to tourism security and safety issues. Chapters examine these topics through an integrated community perspective to provide comprehensive consideration of the interconnected facets of a community, encompassing social, economic, environmental and cultural dimensions when evaluating and addressing matters pertaining to tourism management, safety, security and resilience. This book is structured around different conceptual, theoretical and practical strategies employed by destinations to foster and sustain community resilience, particularly during periods of crises, as well as communities in the context of tourism recovery. It examines this across geographical borders and in many different contexts (not just locations) of tourism or types of tourism, such as religious tourism, and different types of crises, including natural disasters, pandemics and terrorism.This book is an essential reading for all tourism students, researchers and academics as well as for those interested in conflict and crises recovery.
Tourism Society's Dictionary for the Tourism Industry
by Verite Reily CollinsThis dictionary is a handy reference covering everyday terms used within the tourism, travel, leisure and airline sectors. The dictionary provides an overview of terminology used within these global industries, complete with explanations for industry-specific terms and helpful annotated diagrams to illustrate travel related information, such as seating plans and airline tickets. It is a useful introduction for those new to studying or working in tourism and related industries. " Covers travel-related facts on over 130 countries, including capital cities, currencies and languages " Includes airline and airport codings for major airlines and airports worldwide " Lists the Phonetic Radio Alphabet as used by pilots and other transport professionals. " Provides a selection of interesting words and idioms useful for guides, tour managers and those compiling itineraries Find updated definitions here
Tourism Specialization and Economic Development: Evidence from the UNESCO World Heritage List
by Rabah Arezki Reda Cherif John PiotrowskiA report from the International Monetary Fund.