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Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences
by Donatella Della Porta Michael KeatingA revolutionary new textbook introducing masters and doctoral students to the major research approaches and methodologies in the social sciences. Written by an outstanding set of scholars, and derived from successful course teaching, this volume will empower students to choose their own approach to research, to justify this approach, and to situate it within the discipline. It addresses questions of ontology, epistemology and philosophy of social science, and proceeds to issues of methodology and research design essential for producing a good research proposal. It also introduces researchers to the main issues of debate and contention in the methodology of social sciences, identifying commonalities, historic continuities and genuine differences.
Approaches and Methods in Event Studies (Routledge Advances in Event Research Series)
by Tomas PerneckyThe recent proliferation of events as a subject of study in its own right has signalled the emergence of a new field – event studies. However, whilst the management-inspired notion of planned events, which strives for conceptual slenderness, may indeed be useful for event managers, the moment we attempt to advance knowledge about events as social, cultural and political phenomena, we realise the extent to which the field is theoretically impoverished. Event studies, it is argued, must transcend overt business-like perspectives in order to grasp events in their complexities. This book challenges the reader to reach beyond the established modes of thinking about events by placing them against a backdrop of much wider, critical discourse. Approaches and Methods in Event Studies emerges as a conceptual and methodological tour de force—comprising the works of scholars of diverse backgrounds coming together to address a range of philosophical, theoretical, and methods-related problems. The areas covered include the concepts of eventification and eventual approaches to events, a mobilities paradigm, rhizomatic events, critical discourse analysis, visual methods, reflexive and ethnographic research into events, and indigenous acumen. Researchers and students engaged in the study of events will draw much inspiration from the contributions and from the volume as a whole.
Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching
by Jack C. Richards Theodore S. RodgersAn extensively revised and updated edition of this popular and accessible text. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching Third edition is an extensive revision of this highly successful book. As in previous editions, both major and alternative approaches and methods are surveyed, with the section on current communicative approaches updated to include new material on CLIL, text and genre-based teaching. The book seeks not only to clarify the assumptions behind these approaches, and their similarities and differences, but also to help teachers explore their own beliefs and practices in language teaching. Further new material deals with other directions in language teaching, such as outcomes-based initiatives, to make this edition fully up-to-date.
Approaches for Clean Combustion in Gas Turbines (Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications #122)
by Medhat A. Nemitallah Mohamed A. Habib Ahmed A. AbdelhafezThis book focuses on the development of novel combustion approaches and burner designs for clean power generation in gas turbines. It shows the reader how to control the release of pollutants to the environment in an effort to reduce global warming. After an introduction to global warming issues and clean power production for gas turbine applications, subsequent chapters address premixed combustion, burner designs for clean power generation, gas turbine performance, and insights on gas turbine operability. Given its scope, the book can be used as a textbook for graduate-level courses on clean combustion, or as a reference book to accompany compact courses for mechanical engineers and young researchers around the world.
Approaches for Ecosystem Services Valuation for the Gulf of Mexico After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
by Committee on the Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Mississippi Canyon-252 Oil Spill on Ecosystem Services in the Gulf of MexicoOn April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon platform drilling the Macondo well in Mississippi Canyon Block 252 (DWH) exploded, killing 11 workers and injuring another 17. The DWH oil spill resulted in nearly 5 million barrels (approximately 200 million gallons) of crude oil spilling into the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The full impacts of the spill on the GoM and the people who live and work there are unknown but expected to be considerable, and will be expressed over years to decades. In the short term, up to 80,000 square miles of the U. S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) were closed to fishing, resulting in loss of food, jobs and recreation. The DWH oil spill immediately triggered a process under the U. S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) to determine the extent and severity of the "injury" (defined as an observable or measurable adverse change in a natural resource or impairment of a natural resource service) to the public trust, known as the Natural Resources Damage Assessment (NRDA). The assessment, undertaken by the trustees (designated technical experts who act on behalf of the public and who are tasked with assessing the nature and extent of site-related contamination and impacts), requires: (1) quantifying the extent of damage; (2) developing, implementing, and monitoring restoration plans; and (3) seeking compensation for the costs of assessment and restoration from those deemed responsible for the injury. This interim report provides options for expanding the current effort to include the analysis of ecosystem services to help address the unprecedented scale of this spill in U. S. waters and the challenges it presents to those charged with undertaking the damage assessment.
Approaches for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
by Mirza Hasanuzzaman Kamrun Nahar Masayuki Fujita Hirosuke Oku Tofazzal IslamPlants are frequently exposed to unfavorable and adverse environmental conditions known as abiotic stressors. These factors can include salinity, drought, heat, cold, flooding, heavy metals, and UV radiation which pose serious threats to the sustainability of crop yields. Since abiotic stresses are major constraints for crop production, finding the approaches to enhance stress tolerance is crucial to increase crop production and increase food security. This book discusses approaches to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants on a global scale. Plants scientists and breeders will learn how to further mitigate plant responses and develop new crop varieties for the changing climate.
Approaches For Evaluating The Nrc Resident Research Associateship Program At Nist
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesThe NRC Resident Research Associateship Program at NIST provides two-year temporary appointments for outstanding scientists and engineers. This book describes program applicants and awardees and offers suggestions for an in-depth assessment of career outcomes. Preliminary investigation indicates that outreach efforts produce more qualified applicants than NIST has slots to fill, the pool of applicants is increasingly diverse, and many Research Associates go on to permanent positions at NIST. The agency should conduct a more thorough evaluation of the program, including an assessment of outreach to potential applicants, individuals who decline an award, the program’s impact on the careers of awardees, and the benefits of the program to NIST and the broader scientific and engineering community.
Approaches for Potato Crop Improvement and Stress Management
by John E. Bradshaw S. M. Paul Khurana Vinay BhardwajThis edited book provides an all-inclusive coverage of latest research in crop improvement and stress management in potato crop. It is composed of 17 chapters covering breeding, diseases & pest management with the view to enhancing the total production and quality under the scenario of climate change. The book also explores harvesting, storage, post-harvest management, and processing of potato. The book has special focus on the use of high throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, modern genomics tools, genome editing techniques such as CRISPR systems that could help the potato breeding programs and, also in development of biotic and abiotic stress resistant varieties. Potato is the world’s third most important food crop after wheat and rice in terms of human consumption. It is the staple crop providing maximum nutrients per unit area, time and money and is the most versatile crop with the highest industrial production potential in India being the second largest potato producing country after China. As a major food crop, the potato has the most important role to play in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals’ 2030 Agenda for zero hunger, achieving food security, improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. This book is unique in its approach for providing in depth knowledge enabling readers to learn the subject fully on different strategies, new perspectives and fully understanding different topics of diversity, interaction and improvement for stress management in potato. It is a relevant reading material for researchers, students, practitioners and other stakeholders involved in improvement of potato crop.
Approaches for Science Illustration and Communication (Biomedical Visualization #4)
by Mark RoughleyThis edited book explores the breadth of approaches undertaken by scientists, artists and communicators in their crucial role making science accessible, engaging and impactful. Contemporary approaches in science illustration and visualization include a variety of creative methodologies that are valuable for effective communication, teaching, learning and professional practice. These range in method from anatomical drawings used in medical curricula, to 2D animations and editorial illustrations available in the public realm. They also include unexpected approaches such as the use of tabletop board games, comics and collage in understanding our bodies, emergent health threats and cutting-edge science developments. If you are a scientist seeking to enhance your ability to communicate your research or an artist interested in biomedical visualization, this volume serves as an introduction to contemporary approaches in science illustration and communication. By understanding the creative methods and techniques employed in this field, we can collectively work towards fostering a deeper appreciation of art in science, and continue to captivate and inspire audiences worldwide.
Approaches in Bioremediation: The New Era of Environmental Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology (Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences)
by Ram Prasad Elisabet ArandaBioremediation refers to the clean‐up of pollution in soil, groundwater, surface water, and air using typically microbiological processes. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to degrade, transform or detoxify hazardous substances to human health or the environment.For bioremediation to be effective, microorganisms must enzymatically attack the pollutants and convert them to harmless products. As bioremediation can be effective only where environmental conditions permit microbial growth and action, its application often involves the management of ecological factors to allow microbial growth and degradation to continue at a faster rate. Like other technologies, bioremediation has its limitations. Some contaminants, such as chlorinated organic or high aromatic hydrocarbons, are resistant to microbial attack. They are degraded either gradually or not at all, hence, it is not easy to envisage the rates of clean-up for bioremediation implementation.Bioremediation represents a field of great expansion due to the important development of new technologies. Among them, several decades on metagenomics expansion has led to the detection of autochthonous microbiota that plays a key role during transformation. Transcriptomic guides us to know the expression of key genes and proteomics allow the characterization of proteins that conduct specific reactions. In this book we show specific technologies applied in bioremediation of main interest for research in the field, with special attention on fungi, which have been poorly studied microorganisms. Finally, new approaches in the field, such as CRISPR-CAS9, are also discussed. Lastly, it introduces management strategies, such as bioremediation application for managing affected environment and bioremediation approaches. Examples of successful bioremediation applications are illustrated in radionuclide entrapment and retardation, soil stabilization and remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, plastics or fluorinated compounds. Other emerging bioremediation methods include electro bioremediation, microbe-availed phytoremediation, genetic recombinant technologies in enhancing plants in accumulation of inorganic metals, and metalloids as well as degradation of organic pollutants, protein-metabolic engineering to increase bioremediation efficiency, including nanotechnology applications are also discussed.
Approaches in Integrative Bioinformatics: Towards the Virtual Cell
by Ming Chen Ralf HofestädtApproaches in Integrative Bioinformatics provides a basic introduction to biological information systems, as well as guidance for the computational analysis of systems biology. This book also covers a range of issues and methods that reveal the multitude of omics data integration types and the relevance that integrative bioinformatics has today. Topics include biological data integration and manipulation, modeling and simulation of metabolic networks, transcriptomics and phenomics, and virtual cell approaches, as well as a number of applications of network biology. It helps to illustrate the value of integrative bioinformatics approaches to the life sciences. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the field of Bioinformatics. Professor Ming Chen is the Director of the Bioinformatics Laboratory at the College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Professor Ralf Hofestädt is the Chair of the Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, Bielefeld University, Germany.
Approaches in Public Policy (Routledge Revivals)
by Steve Leach John StewartFirst published in 1982, Approaches in Public Policy is an integrated, purpose-written text on the context, process, and practice of policymaking in the public sector, particularly at the local level. It has two main purposes. It aims to provide a stimulating and critical evaluation of trends in the analysis and formulation of policy by examining the realities behind such influential concepts and ideas as ‘rationality’, ‘information systems’, ‘distributional impact of services’ and ‘monitoring’. At the same time, it attempts through case study illustration to provide perceptive and detailed insights into the way such approaches have worked out in practice in a range of examples of policy initiatives in area management, regional planning, health care planning and Comprehensive Community Programmes.The book fills a significant gap in the literature by providing a well-structured set of papers which link theoretical arguments to an evaluation of topical examples of the policy process in action. It will be of interest to students and researchers of public administration, public policy making, planning, and similar topics.
Approaches, Opportunities, and Challenges for Eco-design 4.0: A Concise Guide for Practitioners and Students
by Samira KeivanpourThis book addresses the implications of the Industry 4.0 paradigm in design for the environment. We examine the opportunities for, and challenges of, the implications of cyber-physical systems, big data analytics, Internet of things, additive manufacturing, and simulation in a range of areas in an eco-design context. These include selecting low impact materials, choosing manufacturing processes with environmental considerations, end of life strategies, applying design approaches for disassembly, integrating economic and social components into environmental studies, and stakeholder’s involvement. This volume takes a step toward this journey to explore how the three pillars of technology, sustainability, and evolving consumers could shape the future of the product’s design.
Approaches to American Cultural Studies
by Antje Dallmann Eva Boesenberg Martin KlepperApproaches to American Cultural Studies provides an accessible yet comprehensive overview of the diverse range of subjects encompassed within American Studies, familiarising students with the history and shape of American Studies as an academic subject as well as its key theories, methods, and concepts. Written and edited by an international team of authors based primarily in Europe, the book is divided into four thematically-organised sections. The first part delineates the evolution of American Studies over the course of the twentieth century, the second elaborates on how American Studies as a field is positioned within the wider humanities, and the third inspects and deconstructs popular tropes such as myths of the West, the self-made man, Manifest Destiny, and representations of the President of the United States. The fourth part introduces theories of society such as structuralism and deconstruction, queer and transgender theories, border and hemispheric studies, and critical race theory that are particularly influential within American Studies. This book is supplemented by a companion website offering further material for study (www.routledge.com/cw/dallmann). Specifically designed for use on courses across Europe, it is a clear and engaging introductory text for students of American culture.
Approaches to Art Therapy
by Judith Aron RubinThe second edition of the highly successful 1987 book brings together the varied theoretical approaches to art therapy, and provides a variety of solutions to the challenge of translating theory to technique. In each chapter, the esteemed contributors, experts in the approach of the particular chapter, provide a definition of and orientation to the specific theory or area of emphasis, showing its relevance to art therapy. Clinical examples and nearly 100 illustrations are employed as the authors present the creative and effective treatment of patients.In addition to the strength of the theoretical overview, this new edition offers many new chapters including those on cognitive-behavioral therapy and person-centered therapy. The text is divided into five sections: psychodynamic approaches; humanistic approaches; psycho-educational approaches; systemic approaches; and integrative approaches. Commentaries by well known art therapists follow each section of the book. Art therapists at all levels, as well as any mental health professional utilizing art in their clinical work, will find this new edition of value and interest.
Approaches to Art Therapy: Theory and Technique
by Judith Aron RubinThe third edition of Approaches to Art Therapy brings together varied theoretical approaches and provides a variety of solutions to the challenge of translating theory to technique. In each chapter, the field's most eminent scholars provide a definition of and orientation to the specific theory or area of emphasis, showing its relevance to art therapy. The third edition includes many new chapters with material on a wide variety of topics including contemplative approaches, DBT, neuroscience, and mentalization while also retaining important and timeless contributions from the pioneers of art therapy. Clinical case examples and over 100 illustrations of patient artwork vividly demonstrate the techniques in practice. Approaches to Art Therapy, 3rd edition, is an essential resource in the assembly of any clinician's theoretical and technical toolbox, and in the formulation of each individual's own approach to art therapy.
Approaches to Assessing Intake of Food and Dietary Supplements in Pregnant Women and Children 2 to 11 Years of Age: Proceedings Of A Workshop Series
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Health and Medicine Division Food and Nutrition BoardA virtual workshop series titled Approaches to Assessing Intake of Food and Dietary Supplements in Pregnant Women and Children 2 to 11 Years of Age was convened in May, 2021 by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The four-day workshop series explored the evidence on methodological approaches to assessing intake of food and dietary supplements in pregnant women and children 2 to 11 years of age. Obtaining reliable and valid dietary intake information for these population groups is particularly difficult - in pregnancy, rapid changes in nutrient needs and dietary intakes occur, and in young children, much of dietary intake is consumed outside the home and is often misreported by the children or their proxy reporters. To advance the quality of the science in these areas, the workshop had four goals: identify the suite of current methods used in dietary assessments, including food and dietary supplements, in pregnant women and children 2 to 11 years of age; identify the methodological challenges and opportunities in improving current methods; explore methodologies in other disciplines and their application in dietary assessments in those populations; and discuss factors to consider when implementing dietary assessment tools in those populations. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop series.
Approaches to Behavior
by Janis Roszler Wendy S. RapaportApproaches to Behavior provides information and simple tools that healthcare professionals can use to help patients move beyond feelings that prevent them from benefiting fully from any learning opportunity. Each chapter opens with an introduction to experts' newest psychological understanding about a common emotion. This is followed by a list of easy techniques healthcare professionals can employ with their patients. Each technique was contributed by experienced mental health experts who counsel people with diabetes. None of these techniques can take the place of the in-depth guidance mental healthcare professionals provide. Instead, this book is a first aid kit that experts can use to help patients start to move past strong emotions and become more receptive to vital information that will improve their lives and help them take control of their diabetes.
Approaches to Behavior and Classroom Management: Integrating Discipline and Care
by Dr W. George Scarlett Iris Chin Ponte Jay P. SinghApproaches to Behavior and Classroom Management focuses on helping teachers use a variety of approaches in behavior and classroom management in order to make good decisions when faced with the challenge of creating positive classroom communities. Today's classrooms often include children from a variety of backgrounds and with different needs - needs that must be met if these children are to thrive in school. This text will provide teachers and other educators with the historical and cultural framework necessary to understand approaches to behavior and classroom management, a deep understanding of each approach, and a tool belt of relevant methods from which to choose to meet the needs of various situations.Ancillaries available, including:Instructor's Resource CD-ROM (for qualified instructors)Student Resource CD-ROMStudent Study Site (www.sagepub.com/scarlettstudy)
Approaches to Byzantine Architecture and its Decoration: Studies in Honor of Slobodan Curcic
by Mark J. Johnson Amy PapalexandrouThe fourteen essays in this collection demonstrate a wide variety of approaches to the study of Byzantine architecture and its decoration, a reflection of both newer trends and traditional scholarship in the field. The variety is also a reflection of Professor Curcic’s wide interests, which he shares with his students. These include the analysis of recent archaeological discoveries; recovery of lost monuments through archival research and onsite examination of material remains; reconsidering traditional typological approaches often ignored in current scholarship; fresh interpretations of architectural features and designs; contextualization of monuments within the landscape; tracing historiographic trends; and mining neglected written sources for motives of patronage. The papers also range broadly in terms of chronology and geography, from the Early Christian through the post-Byzantine period and from Italy to Armenia. Three papers examine Early Christian monuments, and of these two expand the inquiry into their architectural afterlives. Others discuss later monuments in Byzantine territory and monuments in territories related to Byzantium such as Serbia, Armenia, and Norman Italy. No Orthodox church being complete without interior decoration, two papers discuss issues connected to frescoes in late medieval Balkan churches. Finally, one study investigates the continued influence of Byzantine palace architecture long after the fall of Constantinople.
Approaches to Chan, Sŏn, and Zen Studies: Chinese Chan Buddhism and Its Spread throughout East Asia (SUNY series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture)
by Albert Welter; Steven Heine; Jin Y. ParkThis volume focuses on Chinese Chan Buddhism and its spread across East Asia, with special attention to its impacts on Korean Sŏn and Japanese Zen. Zen enthralled the scholarly world throughout much of the twentieth century, and Zen Studies became a major academic discipline in its wake. Interpreted through the lens of Japanese Zen and its reaction to events in the modern world, Zen Studies incorporated a broad range of Zen-related movements in the East Asian Buddhist world. As broad as the scope of Zen Studies was, however, it was clearly rooted in a Japanese context, and aspects of the "Zen experience" that did not fit modern Japanese Zen aspirations tended to be marginalized and ignored. Approaches to Chan, Sŏn, and Zen Studies acknowledges the move beyond Zen Studies to recognize the changing and growing parameters of the field. The volume also examines the modern dynamics in each of these traditions.
Approaches To Child And Family Policy
by Harold C. WallachThis unusual and stimulating collection of essays examines the state of child and family policy in the United States today. Drawing upon the diverse disciplines of the social and behavioral sciences, history, philosophy, and law, the authors assess the influence of federal policy on families; reasons for the failures in national child-care legislat
Approaches to Chronic Kidney Disease: A Guide for Primary Care Providers and Non-Nephrologists
by Jerry McCauley Seyed Mehrdad Hamrahian Omar H. MaaroufChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health problem, affecting nearly one in seven adults in the United States alone. It is a disease that integrates chronic illness at several levels, and the progressive condition is associated with high rates of co-morbidity. This text provides a comprehensive, current state-of-the art review of this field, serving as a valuable resource for primary care providers and non-nephrology clinicians that treat patients with CKD. It is comprised of 24 chapters focused on specific aspects of the disease. The first 2 chapters provide a bit of background on the disease, describing the anatomy and physiology of the kidney as well as the definition and epidemiology of the disease. The following 3 chapters discuss the detection, prevention and progression of the disease. The next 6 chapters describe the relationship of the disease with other conditions and most common co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. The chapters, that follow focus on the CKD associated complications and the CKD within special populations such as the elderly and minorities as well as dietary restrictions and drug dosing. The book concludes with discussion on preparation for renal replacement therapy and preemptive organ transplantation as an alternative to dialysis in the management of the advanced CKD. Written by experts in the field, Approach to Chronic Kidney Disease is a comprehensive guide for clinicians, especially primary care providers including residents and fellows in training, who take care of chronic kidney disease patients. It is also a useful tool for researchers dealing with this challenging field.
Approaches to Climate Risk Analysis in FSAPs (Staff Climate Notes Ser.)
by PanagiotopoulosA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Approaches to Cognition: Contrasts and Controversies (Psychology Library Editions: Cognitive Science)
by TERRY J. KNAPP AND LYNN C. ROBERTSONTo the vast majority of academic psychologists in the 1980s, the study of cognition referred to that area of psychology known as ‘cognitive psychology’. The major basis of this area had been the computer metaphor with its accompanying notion of the individual as an information-processing system. Yet within the field the study of cognition is much broader and has a history that reaches into antiquity, whereas ‘cognitive psychology’ as information-processing psychology had only recently become the standard bearer of cognitive studies. One of the purposes of this volume, originally published in 1986, was to articulate some of the fundamental distinctions between and concordances among different orientations concerning the study of cognition. The collection includes chapters on information processing, ecological, Gestalt, physiological, and operant psychology.