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Revolutionizing the AI-Digital Landscape: A Guide to Sustainable Emerging Technologies for Marketing Professionals
by Alex Khang, Pushan Kumar Dutta, Sachin Gupta, Nishu Aayedee, and Sandeep ChatterjeeThis book investigates the growing influence of artificial intelligence in the marketing sphere providing insights into how AI can be harnessed for developing more effective and efficient marketing strategies.In addition, the book offers a comprehensive overview of the various digital marketing tools available to entrepreneurs, discussing their features, benefits, and potential drawbacks. This helps entrepreneurs make well-informed decisions when selecting the tools most suited to their needs and objectives. It is designed to help entrepreneurs develop and implement successful strategies, leveraging the latest tools and technologies to achieve their business goals.As the digital landscape continues to evolve rapidly, this book serves as a valuable resource for entrepreneurs looking to stay ahead of the curve and capitalize on new opportunities. The book's scope encompasses many topics, including customer experience, content marketing, AI strategy, and digital marketing tools.
How to Make Music in an Epidemic: Popular Music Making During the AIDS Crisis, 1981-1996 (ISSN)
by Matthew JonesThis volume examines responses to the epidemic of HIV/AIDS in Anglophone popular musicians and music video during the AIDS crisis (1981–1996).Through close reading of song lyrics, musical texts, and music videos, this book demonstrates how music played an integral part in the artistic-activist response to the AIDS epidemic, demonstrating music as a way to raise money for HIV/AIDS services, to articulate affective responses to the epidemic, to disseminate public health messages, to talk back to power, and to bear witness to the losses of AIDS.Drawing methodologies from musicology, queer theory, critical race studies, public health, and critical theory, the book will be of interest to a wide readership, including artists, activists, musicians, historians, and other scholars across the humanities as well as to people who lived through the AIDS crisis.
Restriction and Creation: Factors That Affect Translation (ISSN)
by Deng DiThis book presents an overall picture of the constraints faced at different stages of the translation process, providing a more scientific approach to descriptive translation studies.The study investigates translation constraints at three different levels. The micro-system includes the original work, the translator, and the translation itself. The meso-system includes various factors that represent power, such as individuals, groups, and institutions. The book also examines the macro-system, which includes factors related to culture, society, and even the global context. Drawing on the principles of literary hermeneutics, this book advances the study of translation constraints from description to interpretation through systematic analysis. Incorporating the latest scholarship from both national and international sources, the book discusses translation studies when it explores translation constraints and analyses translation constraints when it discusses translation studies.The book will be of interest to scholars and students of translation theory and practice and Chinese studies. It will also be of value to translation professionals.
Theorizing a Bengali Nation: Abul Hashim and the United Bengal Movement, 1937–1947
by Sucharita SenThis book explores the philosophical and political roots of the United Bengal movement of 1947 that emerged as a final bid to keep the province united against Partition. Through Abul Hashim, one of its architects, it explores the idea of an independent Bengali nation in the years preceding Independence and examines the underlying tensions of the concept of a Muslim-led independent Bangalistaan and its repercussions on a sizeable Hindu minority. Focusing on Hashim’s writings and political contributions, this monograph highlights his vision of an aesthetic identity rooted within religious principles as well as civic ideals in a new united Bengal, where common law underwritten through religious ideals did not need to be necessarily opposed to western discourses of a modern state.A major, new intervention, this book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of modern Indian history, especially the Partition, politics, and South Asian studies.
Journal of Human Capital, volume 18 number 2 (Summer 2024)
by Journal of Human CapitalThis is volume 18 issue 2 of Journal of Human Capital. The Journal of Human Capital (JHC) is dedicated to human capital and its expanding economic and social roles in the contemporary knowledge economy. It explores the role human capital plays in the production, allocation, and distribution of economic resources and in supporting long-term economic growth and development. JHC is designed to bring together theoretical and empirical work on human capital—broadly defined to include education, skill, health, entrepreneurship, and intellectual and social capital—and related public policy issues.
Concrete Particulars: A Metaphysics of Spatiotemporal Entities (Routledge Studies in Metaphysics)
by Daniel GibermanThis book presents a novel metaphysics of concrete entities. The author uses the theory developed to address three major topics in the metaphysics of concreta: fundamentality, persistence over time, and phenomenal consciousness.The book provides a new theory of what “bundles” particular property instances, or tropes, into material property bearers. The theory is based on two new ideas. The first is that the primitive nature of one sui generis monadic property called markedness bears on the bundling of other properties’ tropes. The second idea is that the geometric and topological features of a given markedness trope help to determine which tropes it bundles. The author argues that this new markedness bundle theory determines all property co-instantiation at the levels of both type and token, positioning markedness tropes as the fundamental concreta. The theory also explains bundling across time, yielding an advantageous account of material persistence. Finally, markedness tropes operate as de facto panprotopsychist property instances: fundamental non-consciousness tropes that uniquely explain where and why consciousness properties are exemplified. The book solidifies the case for markedness through sustained critical analysis of competing theories of fundamentality and persistence, focusing in part on their inability to account for unending mereological and plural structures.Concrete Particulars will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in metaphysics and philosophy of mind.
The Class and Gender Politics of Chinese Online Discourse: Ambivalence, Sociopolitical Tensions and Co-option (Routledge Studies in New Media and Cyberculture)
by Yanning HuangThis book offers an in- depth study of the quasi- political, self-deprecating, and parodic buzzwords and memes prevalent in Chinese online discourse.Combining discourse analysis with in- depth audience research among the young internet users who deploy these buzzwords in on- and offline contexts, the book explores the historical and social implications of online wordplay for sustaining or challenging the contemporary social order in China. Yanning Huang adopts a combination of media and communications, social anthropology, and socio- linguistic perspectives to shed light on various forms of agency enacted by different social groups in their embracing, negotiation of, or disengagement from online buzzwords, before addressing how the discourses of online wordplay have been co-opted by corporations and party-media.Offering a rigorous and panoramic analysis of the politics and logics of online wordplay in contemporary China, and providing a critical and nuanced analytical framework for studying digital culture and participation in China and elsewhere, this book will be an important resource for scholars and students of media and communication studies, Internet and digital media studies, discourse analysis, Asian studies, and social anthropology.
Ex-Combatants and International Statebuilding: Veterans as Peace Brokers in Kosovo (Routledge Studies in Intervention and Statebuilding)
by Nathalie DuclosThis book examines the international efforts to regulate violence in Kosovo since 1999 through the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and covers 15 years of international presence.The book analyses the process of implementing international policies from a sociological perspective, and looks at the adaptations and arrangements of public policies achieved through the transactions of international actors with local actors, who are at the heart of policy implementation. In particular, it analyses the disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration of combatants (DDR) programme and shows the extent to which it was co-produced with Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) leaders co-opted by international administrators. These analyses take the opposite view to the work that considers ex-combatants as spoilers. In Kosovo, the combatant leaders acted as peace brokers, facilitating demobilisation and exercising disciplinary control over rank-and-file combatants. Their position as brokers helped them to take control of the new state being built under international administration. This book shows the importance of the relationship between ex-combatants and the state and illustrates the multiplicity of their possible trajectories, including political ones. To elucidate the dynamics of co-production in shaping DDR policies and hybridising international policies as well as in state formation, the book relies on around a hundred interviews with ex-combatants of the KLA and with international personnel, as well as on the archives of international organisations and observations in the field.This book will be of much interest to students of international statebuilding, peace and conflict studies, Balkan politics and international relations.
Gentrification in Helsinki: Urban Planning at the Edge of the Welfare State (Routledge Research in Planning and Urban Design)
by Kevin DrainThis book unravels the paradox of gentrification in Helsinki, Finland. Here, housing and welfare policies work well under certain conditions to prevent the worst outcomes of residential gentrification. Yet other forms of gentrification have proliferated in recent years, and local urban planning has gained a momentum in efforts to remake the urban landscape for business and tourism.Through a range of methods, each chapter approaches a different aspect of gentrification: the effectiveness of welfare policies against residential gentrification, the importance of retail gentrification and symbolic changes, the role of media and state-led tourism campaigns in promoting gentrification, the rise of vibrancy and sustainability as concepts driving regeneration, and the question of planning principles like participation in confronting gentrification. The reader will find a state system that supports a delicate balance in housing, but a local planning regime related to a more “generalized” gentrification. The results raise questions about the limits of the welfare state in an age of global competition.While new readers of gentrification will benefit from a deep engagement with the literature, the case of Helsinki is relevant to all students of planning, social sciences, and urban studies, as well as professionals in related fields.
Holistic Responses to Reducing Reoffending (Routledge Frontiers of Criminal Justice)
by Ian Mahoney and Rahmanara ChowdhuryOffering a range of theoretical and conceptual ideas as well as practical examples, this book provides a detailed insight into holistic opportunities for promoting desistance, reducing reoffending, and supporting (re)settlement and (re)integration.Providing a fresh lens through which to view existing debates within desistance and (re)settlement literature, the book encourages different perspectives and a new framing of current approaches. To this purpose, each chapter considers what embedding a person-centered holistic approach within the criminal justice system might look like, including ways of working within the confines of current processes, potential ethical considerations and how to maximize the potential impact to reduce reoffending.Interdisciplinary in approach, Holistic Responses to Reducing Reoffending will appeal to students, scholars, practitioners and policymakers within criminology, criminal justice, penology and prison studies.
Innovations, Disruptions and Future Trends in the Global Construction Industry (ISSN)
by Temitope OmotayoInnovations, Disruptions and Future Trends in the Global Construction Industry examines current and futuristic developments in the construction industry hinged on the construction industrial fourth and fifth revolution, otherwise known as construction industry 4.0 and 5.0.This book provides a wide range of expert views and case studies on the future of the construction industry from the perspectives of researchers and practitioners in various fields of study from business management, psychology, sociology, engineering, behavioural studies and computer sciences. The book provides documentary evidence of how the construction industry has changed post-COVID-19 pandemic in terms of design, planning, management, construction, the behaviour of construction professionals, research in the built environment, and new interactions of built environment practitioners with other professionals from computer science, finance, business management, and engineering. The evidence provided in this book can help decision makers in the construction sector and associated industries to understand human interaction in the construction sector and inspire new research directions. Furthermore, the book will map potential future paradigms for the construction industry and the preparedness of construction professionals, teams, and organisations for coming changes.This book is of interest to a wide audience of postgraduate students, academics, researchers, and industry professionals in the built environment, finance, project management, engineering, and policy makers.
Korea’s Platform Empire: An Emerging Power in the Global Platform Sphere (Routledge Research in Digital Media and Culture in Asia)
by Dal Yong Jin Seongcheol KimKorea’s Platform Empire explores the evolution of digital platforms in South Korea’s media sphere, and their global political, economic, cultural, and technological influence.With a focus on Korea in the context of the global platform revolution, the book takes a methodical look at the broader social implications and the impact on cultural production. The authors explore various facets of the media and cultural industries—looking beyond social media to news broadcasting and the music industry—and look at the policy and regulations behind this shifting technological advancement.This book will appeal to students and scholars working on media industries, digital media, platform studies, information and technology studies, Korean and East Asian media studies, and the creative and cultural industries.
Convergence and Developmental Aspects of Credit Allocations in BRICS Nations: Theoretical and Empirical Inquiries
by Ramesh Chandra DasThis book explores the levels of cooperation and the phenomenon of convergence among BRICS nations. It provides an in-depth look into the financial and banking systems among these rapidly developing economies and the steps they have taken to foster development and counter inequalities.Of the many factors in determining the income and wealth of a country as well as a group of countries, commercial bank credit, a well-known financial indicator, has been an important one. This book analyses the governance and structure of the New Development Bank and its effects on group members for peer growth and to defend against any external economic and political shocks. It looks at how much of an influence the commercial bank credit, or simply the credit, has upon the income levels of the BRICS member countries, how equitable they are, whether they are converging in credits and incomes, and other such issues. It also focuses on India’s credit aspects of inclusiveness and convergence.With a strong empirical model estimation, this book will be of interest to students and researchers of economics, finance, management, political studies, international relations, and international trade.
Viral World: Global Relations During the COVID-19 Pandemic (The COVID-19 Pandemic Series)
by Long T. BuiThis book argues that the catastrophe of COVID-19 provided a momentous time for groups, institutions, and states to reassess their worldviews and relationship to the entire world. Following multiple case studies across dozens of countries throughout the course of the pandemic, this book is a timely contribution to cultural knowledge about the pandemic and the viral politics at the heart of it. Mapping the various forms of global consciousness and connectivity engendered by the crisis, the book offers the framework of "viral worlding," defined as viral forms of relationality, becoming, and communication. It demonstrates how worlding or world-making processes accelerated with the novel coronavirus. New emergent forms of being global "went viral" to address conditions of inequality as well as forge possibilities for societal transformation. Considering the tumult wrought by the pandemic, Bui analyzes progressive movements for democracy, abolition, feminism, environmentalism, and socialism against the world-shattering forces of capitalism, authoritarianism, racism, and militarism. Focusing on ways the pandemic disproportionately impacted marginalized communities, particularly in the Global South, this book juxtaposes the closing of their lifeworlds and social worlds by hegemonic global actors with increased collective demands for freedom, mobility, and justice by vulnerable people. The breadth and depth of the book thus provides students, scholars, and general readers with critical insights to understanding the world(s) of COVID-19 and collective efforts to build better new ones.
Critical Infrastructure Protection, Risk Management, and Resilience: A Policy Perspective
by Nancy E. Marion Kelley A. Pesch-CroninThis second edition of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Risk Management, and Resilience continues to be an essential resource for understanding and protecting critical infrastructure across the U.S. Revised and thoroughly updated throughout, the textbook reflects and addresses the many changes that have occurred in critical infrastructure protection and risk management since the publication of the first edition. This new edition retains the book’s focus on understudied topics, while also continuing its unique, policy-based approach to topics, ensuring that material is presented in a neutral and unbiased manner. An accessible and up-to-date text, Critical Infrastructure Protection, Risk Management, and Resilience is a key textbook for upper-level undergraduate or graduate-level courses across Homeland Security, Critical Infrastructure, Cybersecurity, and Public Administration.
Digital Public Relations and Marketing Communication Trends in Africa (Routledge New Directions in PR & Communication Research)
by Brandi Watkins Anne W. NjathiThe uptake of digital media platforms necessitates the need to understand how digital cultures of consumers and brands are unfolding. Despite the increase in usage and adoption of the internet in Africa, there is limited information about digital marketing trends on the continent. This book is among the first to present an edited collection of chapters on digital and influencer marketing authored by many who are either from or have close ties to Africa.This book showcases digital marketing trends in Africa that are burgeoning at the same speed as the uptake of technology in the continent. With this in mind, the contributors seek to interrogate digital marketing trends in two stages: the status of digital marketing on the African continent, including cases from Nigeria, Egypt, Uganda and Kenya, and an analysis of the rise of influencer marketing, including cases from Nigeria and Uganda. This book will explore factors driving the increase in digital media platforms in Africa as well as an analysis of the implications of the growth in digital marketing, using various theoretical and methodological underpinnings to probe trends.Digital Public Relations and Marketing Communication Trends in Africa provides significant implications for marketing scholars and researchers and will be relevant to those looking to understand the opportunities and challenges ahead.
British West Indian Newspapers and the Abolition of Slavery (Routledge Studies in Modern History)
by Andrew LewisThis book is the first overall survey of the British West Indian press in the early nineteenth century—a critical period in the history of the region.Based on extensive and ground-breaking archival research, this volume provides an in-depth history of early nineteenth-century British West Indian newspapers and potted biographies of the journalists who produced them. The author examines the economics underpinning newspapers, and a political spectrum, unique to the West Indian press, is also posited. Towards one end sat a small group of ‘liberal’ newspapers that outraged white colonists by arguing for civil and political rights to be extended to so-called free coloureds and for the abolition of slavery; scattered at various points towards the other end of the spectrum were newspapers still best collectively described as the ‘planter press’—the traditional term used in the literature. Starting from this basic conceptual framework, the volume shows how the press landscape in the British Caribbean at this time was more volatile and complex than has been previously thought.This volume will be of value to academics, undergraduates and postgraduates studying Caribbean and media history and those interested in modern history.
A History of Disinformation in the U.S.
by Joseph R. HaydenThis volume recounts notable episodes of distortion throughout American media history. It examines several of the lurid hoaxes and conspiracy theories that have inspired press coverage, as well as some of the political lies promoted by partisan gladiators, whether of the eighteenth century or today.The book moves beyond the sensational stories to show the enduring and systemic nature of media manipulation that occurs on far more consequential issues. It exposes persistent and deeply destructive falsehoods that have been told about women, people of color, immigrants, the LGBTQ+ community, unions, commercial products, highlighting how longstanding “bipartisan” myths have effectively marginalized certain groups of Americans. Alongside these cases, the author carefully dissects the changing nature of institutions, technologies, and practices of journalism in America. Attention is given to the evolution of newspapers in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the role of broadcasting in the twentieth, and the impact of the internet and social media at the dawn of the twenty-first.This book will appeal to readers interested in American history, journalism, communication studies, political science and sociology.
Manual of Definitive Surgical Trauma Care: Incorporating Definitive Anaesthetic Trauma Care
by Kenneth D Boffard Jonathan Oliver WhiteDeveloped for the International Association for Trauma Surgery and Intensive Care (IATSIC), the Manual of Definitive Surgical Trauma Care 6e is ideal for training all surgeons and anaesthetists who manage trauma on an infrequent basis.The Manual is updated every 4 years and reflects the most recent developments in patient management based on new evidence-based information. Its focus is on the importance of the multidisciplinary care of the trauma surgical patient. This sixth edition has evolved, and the all-important section on the Non-Technical Skills which are required has been expanded. A significant number of the original guidelines in trauma have been archived, as they are no longer pertinent or have been superseded. The increasing (and occasionally harmful) role of non-operative management (NOM) has been recognized. The ‘Military Environments’ and ‘Austere Environments’ chapters have been substantially revised to reflect current multinational combat experience, and broadened to reflect modern asymmetrical conflicts and the increased need for humanitarian intervention including military peacekeeping in which only one side wears a uniform. Military weapons are used in major cities against the civilian population. More recently, urban, non-military populations have been the targets and victims of heavy military combat including use of ultra-sophisticated weaponry. Each situation carries its own spectrum of injury and responsibility of care.Including website access to a selection of videos which provide an anatomic overview of surgical approaches, this resource provides a gold standard educational and training resource to help prepare the relatively fully trained surgeon to manage the difficult injuries that might present to a major trauma centre.
Conscience as a Historical Force: The Liberation Theology of Herman Husband (Perspectives on Early America)
by Douglas HarveyConscience as a Historical Force is the first true analysis of the life and thought of the radically democratic eighteenth-century backcountry figure of Herman Husband (1724–1795) and his heavily metaphorical political and religious writings during the “Age of Revolution.”This book addresses the influence of religion in the American revolutionary period and locates the events of Herman Husband’s life in the broader Atlantic context of the social, economic, and political transition from feudalism to capitalism. Husband’s metaphorical reading of the Bible reveals the timeless nature of his message and its relevance today. Other studies of Herman Husband fail in this regard even though, this book argues, this is the most valuable lesson of his life. The debate over the importance of religion in the American Revolution has neglected its connection with both the English radicals of the seventeenth century and continental religious radicals dating back further still. Essentially, the “antinomian” movement, where individuals refused to acknowledge any power greater than that of their own conscience, was Atlantic in scope and dates to the origins of Christianity itself.With a chronological approach, this study is of great use to students and scholars interested in the politics and religion of eighteenth-century America.
Guarantees of Non-Repetition in International Human Rights Law and Transitional Justice: Building Peace after Conflict (ISSN)
by Nita ShalaThis book examines the understudied, yet increasingly applied, concept of Guarantees of Non-Repetition under international human rights law and transitional justice.Guarantees of Non-Repetition (GNRs) are measures taken to ensure that human rights abuses do not recur. They are especially crucial in post-war contexts marked by severe and systematic violations. However, although they are increasingly invoked, GNRs are not well understood, and they have so far received only limited theoretical and practical analysis. Tracing their development to the influence of international human rights law, this book considers what GNRs are, how and why they have come about, and how GNRs are implemented. Through an explication of the history, law and jurisprudence of GNR’s – in regional mechanisms in Latin America, Europe, and Asia, as well as in international bodies – the book maintains the increasing importance, and as yet unfulfilled potential, of this legal obligation in transitional justice settings.This first book to analyse the development of GNRs and their application will appeal to scholars in the areas of law and transitional justice, public policy, and socio-legal studies, as well as lawyers and policy-makers working in post-conflict situations.
Hitchcock as Philosopher of the Erotic (Routledge Research in Aesthetics)
by Richard GilmoreThis book reads Alfred Hitchcock as a philosopher of what constitutes the erotic. The author argues that Hitchcock is doing a post-Nietzschean, postmodern kind of philosophy in which he is exploring and creating possibilities of what the erotic can feel like and how the erotic can be expressed.The erotic is a pervasive phenomenon in Hitchcock’s films. It involves irony, play, and sophistication, and there can be erotic failures as well as erotic successes. The erotic is most complexly explored by Hitchcock in his two masterpieces from the 1950s: Vertigo (1958), a story of the failure of the erotic, and North by Northwest (1959), in which the erotic is consummated in marriage. The author argues that Hitchcock has a philosophical theory about what makes the difference. It is a version of existential philosophy that understands what a person is to be based on what they make of themselves through their choices. The author argues that the erotic for Hitchcock is a process of mutual, reciprocal creation of the personality of the other person. This process is complicated by the fact that as one attempts to create the person one desires, one is simultaneously being created by that other person, and so what one desires is also in a process of being recreated in the mutual reciprocal dance of the erotic entanglement. There is a moral dimension to this because erotic failure is, in a way, a failure of the human, not in the sense of a human essence, but in the sense of realizing human possibilities that can make our lives more satisfying, complete, and full.Hitchcock as Philosopher of the Erotic will appeal to scholars and advanced students working on philosophy of film, film studies, and philosophy of love and sex.
Economy and Theology: Cusanus’s Theory of Value (ISSN)
by Agnieszka KijewskaEconomy and Theology: Cusanus's Theory of Value, a study from the field of the history of philosophy, responds to the present-day interest in what is referred to as economic theology. This study aims to show that value (valor), one of the fundamental concepts of contemporary philosophy and economics, has its genealogy in the thought of Nicholas of Cusa. Starting from the economic context (the concept of price/pretium), Cusanus proposes the theory of value that, on the one hand, is objectively rooted in the Divine act of creation (God as the Minter) and, on the other hand, requires reading by human beings (human mind as a banker). While this theory appears in Cusanus’s late work The Bowling-Game, it is underpinned by his theory of knowledge, theory of human beings and human cognition against the background of his vision of the universe. Thus, the aim of the book is to try to answer the question about the role and tasks of human beings as a principal player in economic and social game. This description of human position emerges from the creative tension between human philosophical and theological reflection and certain economic solutions.
Stakeholder Management and Entrepreneurship in Africa (Routledge Studies in Entrepreneurship)
by Samuel Adomako Michael Asiedu Gyensare Mujtaba AhsanBuilding on past research in the broad field of stakeholder management and entrepreneurship, this book pushes a new agenda for more effective stakeholder engagement and management in entrepreneurial firms in Africa.Adomako, Gyensare, and Ahsan provide a novel lens for entrepreneurs to manage stakeholders in Africa and a sense of current best practices. Issues discussed include how external stakeholders such as government, nongovernmental organizations, media, civil society organizations, and local institutions influence the core business operations of entrepreneurial firms. The book confronts the central challenge of entrepreneurship by providing a comprehensive understanding of how entrepreneurs could identify, select, enroll, and coordinate stakeholders. In addition, it assesses issues such as stakeholder influence on corporate social responsibility strategy, sustainability, and environmental management of entrepreneurial firms.An essential read for postgraduate students, researchers, and public and private analysts.
Russian Westernizers and Change in International Relations: The Promised West (ISSN)
by Andrei P. TsygankovRussian Westernizers and Change in International Relations summarizes the Westernizing trend in Russian thought from the early nineteenth century to the present day.This book looks at Russian thinkers and politicians who have considered Western/European civilization to be superior to others and who have drawn the conclusion that Russia consequently ought to align itself with the West, rather than preserving certain traditional Russian values – and that not doing so is an impediment to political, social, and economic evolution. Within this trend of thought, the author identifies four schools – Christian Westernizers, Economic Liberals, Political Liberals, and Social State Supporters – and explores examples of each. The author compares Russian thinkers from different periods, finding contrasts and similarities within their political and historical settings and assessing their responses to their unique circumstances. He analyzes Russian Westernizers’ self‑definition and ideas of national freedom relative to those of Western nations, exploring how the West’s definition of values and institutions has changed over time. He shows how Western historical developments affected waves of Westernization and pro‑Western thinking inside Russia, arguing the importance of this being grounded in national state‑building priorities. The growing complexity of global relations, the declining global influence of the West, and the war in Ukraine present Russian Westernizers with new questions and challenges, and this book assesses the resulting implications.This book will appeal to students and scholars of Russian foreign policy, Russia–West relations, IR theory, diplomatic studies, political science, and European history including the history of ideas.