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Political Economy in the Middle East and North Africa: Why Institutions, Rents, and Power Matter in Economic Reforms (Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy)
by Rachid MiraMany countries in the Middle East and North Africa continue to face major economic and political challenges, including volatile economic growth, low economic diversification, high unemployment levels, and, in some cases, pervasive authoritarian regimes. These economic and political challenges are interdependent, and reform is needed in both spheres if structural, long-lasting change is going to be achieved.This book combines the World Bank’s concept of “good governance” with other analytical tools of political economy – including rent-seeking theory, political settlements approach, the resource curse, and Dutch Disease – to explore how government institutions in the region affect economic reforms and vice versa. The book also examines the role of institutions and performance of governance on rent distribution, evaluating how governments manage their, sometimes-abundant natural resources. In some “rentier states,” governments are clearly utilizing these resources for their own political ends even at the cost of negatively impacting economic growth, job creation, and social service provision. Economic growth is also constrained by low flows of both private and public investment toward productive sectors that need it. The book analyzes the differences between countries in the Middle East and North Africa in their economic and political structures to show how sustainable economic growth and a level of political democratization can be achieved through enhancing governance institutions.This book will be invaluable reading for researchers on the political economy of the Middle East and institutional economics.
Academic Writing with Corpora: A Resource Book for Data-Driven Learning
by Tatyana Karpenko-SeccombeAcademic Writing with Corpora offers an accessible guide to using corpora in academic writing successfully and productively. Addressing the challenges faced by teachers of English for academic purposes when explaining to their students how to write 'naturally', this book places an emphasis on learning from expert and proficient writing.Revised and updated throughout, this book:• takes a highly practical approach, now with new tasks and the latest software features;• fosters autonomous learning by demonstrating how to solve everyday difficulties in word choice and grammar;• places a special emphasis on the use of corpora to explore rhetorical strategies;• introduces the reader to five corpus tools (SkELL, Lextutor, COCA, MICUSP and AntConc);• offers a new section on DIY corpora, including basic principles and a step-by-step guide to building a corpus, with an introduction to AntConc;• now includes a ‘Further reading’ section for each chapter.This resource book is for teachers looking to introduce data-driven learning into the classroom without spending excessive time on researching corpora and preparing tasks. It is also for second-language academic writers – university students and researchers – who are motivated to improve their writing and to learn from proficient and expert writing in their area.
Designing and Implementing Program Evaluation for Teaching and Learning Centers: An Evidence-Based Model
by Catherine Ford Susan HinesThis practical guide equips educational developers with a clear, systematic approach to evaluating the impact of their center’s programs.Evaluation data and evidence can serve as powerful tools to demonstrate alignment with strategic priorities and to construct compelling narratives that highlight the value added by educational development opportunities. Drawing from 10 years of in-depth research investigating how teaching and learning centers evaluate their programs, this book provides a four-phase model flexible enough to fit centers of any size. The authors’ accessible, outcomes-based approach outlines essential steps and strategies in designing and implementing an evaluation plan tailored to their center’s specific needs. The illustrative figures, practical examples, customizable templates, and real-world scenarios ensure that the model is comprehensive, while also being straightforward and easy to apply.This book is an indispensable resource for directors and staff working in teaching and learning centers, chief academic officers and deans, and administrators responsible for educational development at the college level.
Ibn ‘Arabī’s Religious Pluralism: Levels of Inclusivity (Routledge Studies in Islamic Philosophy)
by Faris Abdel-hadiThis book marks a significant contribution to the debate around Ibn ʿArabī’s religious pluralism, focusing on his multifaceted approach to non-Abrahamic religions.For nearly eight hundred years, the writings and ideas of the great Spanish Sufi master Ibn ʿArabī have shaped Islamic intellectual and spiritual culture, from North and West Africa and France on the one hand, to Iran, the Levant, Central Asia, and the Far East on the other. Modern scholarship on the “Greatest Master” is consequently at an all-time high. This book weighs in on a well-known aspect of his religious worldview, namely his perspective on religious pluralism, but does so from an entirely different angle. Offering a very close reading of his major works, newly translated by the author, and paying particular attention to a highly developed celestial metaphor prompted by his encounter with a group of pagan sun-worshippers, the book offers new insights into the nature and scope of Ibn ʿArabī’s understanding of Islamic inclusivism. Ultimately, the book contributes to our understanding of both interfaith dialogue and the history of world religions through the prism of Ibn ʿArabī’s work.The book will be of particular interest to students and scholars working in a range of fields, including Islamic philosophy, Sufism, and intellectual history.
Critical Interpersonal and Family Communication Pedagogy: Charting New Futurities (Routledge Research in Communication Studies)
by Sandra L. Faulkner Mick B. BrewerThis volume establishes critical interpersonal and family communication pedagogy (CIFCP) as a distinct academic area of inquiry, highlighting the intersections of identity, power, culture, pedagogy, and interpersonal and family communication concepts, theories, and methods.This practical, theoretical, and aspirational collection by interpersonal and family communication (IPFC) scholars and teachers shines a spotlight on, through a diversity of methods, some of the ways that power both emanates within the classroom and informs intellectual instruction. Providing examples that connect critical theories and concepts with topics common in IPFC classrooms, such as conflict, relational tension, disclosure, listening, and family dynamics, the book illustrates how critical concepts can be uniquely addressed and unpacked in IPFC classrooms through a variety of assignments, teaching activities, and discussion prompts, and promotes and normalizes the ongoing reflexive practices of IPFC instructors.This book will interest academics and upper-level students working in the areas of Critical Methodology, Interpersonal Communication, Family Communication, and Relationship Science.
Medieval Work, Worship, and Power: Persuasive and Silenced Voices (Studies in Medieval History and Culture)
by Tanya Stabler Miller Abigail P. Dowling Nancy Ann McLoughlinMedieval Work, Worship, and Power: Persuasive and Silenced Voices celebrates Sharon Farmer's significant contributions to the fields of medieval European social, religious, gender, environmental, labor, and interfaith history.This volume explores and builds on Farmer’s influence through 20 chapters organized across five intersecting topics that capture, chronologically, topically, and theoretically, the scope and trajectory of Farmer’s work. These are (1) Saints, Power, and Piety; (2) Gendered Work; (3) Gender and Resource Management; (4) Women’s Agency and Networks; and (5) Interfaith Tensions and Encounters. At the same time, the chapters themselves reflect the ways in which these fields of inquiry are intertwined, many drawing inspiration from the multiple themes that Farmer has explored. Beyond paying homage to a dedicated and influential scholar, mentor, and teacher, this volume represents current and future directions in the field of medieval history, and how scholars are engaging with unexpected sources and interpreting more familiar sources in new, interdisciplinary ways.The volume will appeal to medievalists and early modernists interested in how religion, gender, and status shape human connections to each other and their environment. More broadly, it will also be of interest to scholars interested in historical methods.
Pauline Tarnowsky's Les Femmes Homicides: Part I (Routledge Studies in Crime and Society)
by Boniface Noyongoyo Lin Huff-Corzine Kayla ToohyTranslated by Kayla Toohy and Boniface NoyongoyoThis translation of Les Femmes Homicides, by Praskov’ia Tarnovskaia, or Pauline Tarnowsky as her name has been Westernized, presents an important historical work in English for the first time. Tarnowsky, a neuropathologist and one of the first women allowed to attend medical school in Russia, has been called by some as the “first woman criminologist.” In Les Femmes Homicides, she uses a sample of rural peasant women who had committed homicide to test the “born criminal theory” often associated with Cesare Lombroso and to expand the theoretical explanations for the women’s homicides to include heredity and social impacts. This first volume includes Tarnowsky’s theory, methodology, and the first two categories of women she studied who were incarcerated for homicide.Tarnowsky’s progression from the original endeavor of identifying born criminals based on physical characteristics to the assertions she makes on the influences of biological and social factors are progressive for her time and an important contribution to the development of the discipline. Her meticulous methodological and extensive theoretical considerations regarding the intersections of her criminal population (e.g., race, environment, time, place, unity, and other social conditions) make this one of the first comprehensive studies on female offenders to use a control group to make comparisons among consistently homogenous criminal and non-criminal populations. She calls upon what we now know as the social sciences to study and explain homicides committed by women, eventually denouncing the importance of Lombroso’s theory of “born criminals.” Some images of the women of Les Femmes Homicides can be found on the online book page at www.Routledge.com.This historical work is essential reading for scholars and students engaged in criminology, homicide studies, social history, history of criminological ideas, criminal law, social sciences, and gender studies.
Public Governance Dynamics: Comparative Administrative Systems
by Anupama Puri MahajanThis textbook examines public administration from a comparative perspective by incorporating theory and practice from two separate fields: Political Science and Development Administration. It explores the intricate interplay of diverse administrative frameworks, emphasising the adaptation and efficiency of governance models in varied political and cultural landscapes, especially in the selected five countries: the UK, the USA, France, Japan and India.This volume explores the evolution of comparative public administration and the approaches of F. W. Riggs, Ferrel Heady and John D. Montgomery to understand the major administrative systems around the world. It examines the extent to which the various forms of polities, regimes and public opinion can influence bureaucracies in multiple countries and analyses the role of public administration systems in their democratic frameworks.This book will be useful to students, researchers and teachers of Public Administration, Public Policy, Political Science and General Management. It will also be an invaluable companion to the policymakers in the government sector as it will strengthen their conceptual understanding of the subject.
The Cylinder: Kinematics of the Nineteenth Century (FlashPoints)
by Helmut Müller-SieversThe Cylinder investigates the surprising proliferation of cylindrical objects in the nineteenth century, such as steam engines, phonographs, panoramas, rotary printing presses, silos, safety locks, and many more. Examining this phenomenon through the lens of kinematics, the science of forcing motion, Helmut Müller-Sievers provides a new view of the history of mechanics and of the culture of the industrial revolution, including its literature, that focuses on the metaphysics and aesthetics of motion. Müller-Sievers explores how nineteenth-century prose falls in with the specific rhythm of cylindrical machinery, re-imagines the curvature of cylindrical spaces, and conjoins narrative progress and reflection in a single stylistic motion. Illuminating the intersection of engineering, culture, and literature, he argues for a concept of culture that includes an epoch’s relation to the motion of its machines.
Mastering QuickBooks® 2025: Bookkeeping for small businesses with US QuickBooks® Online
by Crystalynn SheltonThis new edition of the bestselling guide to the QuickBooks Online accounting software comes with a free PDF eBook, plus bonus chapters and video tutorials from the author on reconciling transactions, the Report Center, and more.Key FeaturesEnsure accurate payroll processing and 1099 contractor tracking with latest features for compliance and smooth paymentsLearn advanced reporting techniques and inventory management tools to streamline tracking, decision-making, and business insightsAccess exclusive video tutorials and bonus chapters on bookkeeping, financial reporting, and QuickBooks Online AdvancedBook DescriptionMastering QuickBooks® 2025 is the definitive guide for small-business owners, bookkeepers, and accounting students. This new edition covers both the fundamentals, like setting up the US version of QuickBooks Online, as well as advanced features, like integrating with e-commerce platforms. You'll grasp core business transactions such as sales, expenses, and payroll while ensuring compliance with tax regulations. You'll gain complete mastery of the US-based QuickBooks Online features—from setting up the platform to fi ling taxes like a professional. Updated for the latest QuickBooks 2025, this book introduces advanced topics like time tracking for hourly billing, inventory management techniques, and real-time financial reporting. Detailed guidance on payroll processing and 1099 contractor tracking is also included to help manage your financial operations. With the purchase of the book, you'll gain access to bonus chapters and video tutorials by the author, off erring deeper insights on how to navigate key reports, reconcile bank transactions, sharpen bookkeeping fundamentals, and generate detailed sales and expense reports. By the end of this book, you'll know how to effectively leverage QuickBooks Online for the fi nancial management of your business.What you will learnSet up and customize QuickBooks Online before managing vendor, product and services listAutomate tasks using workflow automation and advanced custom fieldsManage payroll and 1099 contractors for compliance and efficiencyOptimize inventory management and advanced reporting techniquesSolve common QuickBooks issues with expert troubleshooting tipsIntegrate QuickBooks Online with e-commerce and other financial toolsWho this book is forThe book is for small business owners, bookkeepers, and accounting students who want to learn QuickBooks Online and understand how to implement it effectively. Whether you're a bookkeeping beginner or have some experience already, this book will help you learn to use Intuit QuickBooks Online confidently.
Chrystia: From Peace River to Parliament Hill
by Catherine TsalikisThe intriguing, in-depth story of the most powerful woman in Canadian politics. Catherine Tsalikis traces Chrystia Freeland’s remarkable journey from the northwestern Alberta town of Peace River to Moscow, London, and New York, where she spent two decades as a journalist, to the halls of Parliament Hill as deputy prime minister and finance minister in Justin Trudeau’s Liberal government. Ambitious and talented with a work ethic to match, Freeland has had an impressive run since she entered politics in 2013: spearheading major trade negotiations, expertly navigating relations with an erratic US president, speaking out about human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia, and standing up to Vladimir Putin’s aggressions in Ukraine. With her impeccable research, seasoned perspective, and accessible style, Tsalikis brings Freeland’s story to life. The defining moments and experiences that shaped Freeland’s particular worldview illuminate the answers to larger social questions: how to live a good, useful life; how to hold fast to guiding principles; how to break through glass ceilings. This is a unique behind-the-curtains look at Canadian politics through the story of a trailblazing woman.
Putting the CEFR into Practice Through Action Research: Reflecting on Principles for Foreign Language Teaching
by Noriko Nagai Gregory C. Birch Jack V. Bower Maria Gabriela SchmidtThis book provides an overview of an action research model which utilizes the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and stresses the importance of systematically researching classroom practice. It introduces the complementary nature of the CEFR and action research, the CEFR, and the CEFR-focused Action Research Model (CARM). The book includes seven case studies guided by the model and concludes with an overall assessment of the efficacy of the CARM as a way to facilitate action research into CEFR-informed practice. Undertaken in a Japanese educational context, the focus of the book is squarely on classroom-based CEFR-focused action research concerning issues that all educators face, such as course design, materials development/selection, classroom implementation, learner autonomy and assessment.
Technological Advancements in Waste Management: Select Proceedings of TAWMCO 2023 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #542)
by Vipin Kumar Kunwar D. Yadav Brajesh Kumar DubeyThis book consists of the select proceedings of the National Conference on Technological Advancements in Waste Management: Challenges and Opportunities (TAWMCO) - 2023. The book focuses on the prospective challenges and new emerging opportunities in the field of waste management. It primarily delves into the realm of challenges and nascent opportunities within the sphere of waste management, encompassing diverse facets such as industrial waste, municipal waste, and mining and mineral processing waste. It covers recent research in waste upcycling, transformation, recycling and methodical disposal, with a particular emphasis on cutting-edge technologies that underpin the sustainable management of waste. An integral component of this compilation is the exploration of technological breakthroughs in the realm of waste-to-energy. This book is poised to become an invaluable resource for scholars, researchers and seasoned professionals engaged in the field of waste management and allied disciplines.
Networks, Markets & People: Communities, Institutions and Enterprises Towards Post-humanism Epistemologies and AI Challenges, Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #1183)
by Francesco Carlo Morabito Francesco Calabrò María José Piñeira Mantiñán Livia MadureiraThis book aims to address the issue of the effects that the contemporary environmental, technological, social and economic global challenges produce on settlement systems, communities, institutions and enterprises. It presents a multi-disciplinary scientific debate on the new frontiers of strategic and spatial planning, decision support tools and ecological design, within the urban-rural areas networks and the metropolitan cities of the Mediterranean basin. The book focuses on five topics: Cultural Heritage as driver of development for territories and tourism destinations; Ecosystems, people-nature cohesion and urban-rural relationships; Decision Support Systems for urban regeneration; Policies and practices of cohesion and social innovation for inclusive cities; Green buildings and sustainable solutions for ecological transition. In addition, the book hosts the papers of a special session intercluster promoted by Italian Society of Architectural Technology (SITdA). The book benefits all researchers, practitioners and policymakers interested in the issue applied to metropolitan cities and marginal areas.
Retirement Migrants and Dependency: Caring for Sun Seekers
by Inés CalzadaThis book tells the story of what happens when the “adventure” of living in Spain turns complicated due to the emergence of care needs derived from loss of autonomy. It investigates the care strategies of retirement migrants that must navigate a foreign welfare system and a different “culture of care”, and how the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the difficulties they experience accessing care services and information. The book condenses the results of a 4-year (2019-2022) research project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science under the title “Retirement migration and the Social Services” and applies a mixed methods approach that combined statistical analysis of secondary data; telephonic interviews with the coordinators of Social Services in more than 80 Spanish municipalities with a high presence of retirement migrants; ethnographic case studies in four municipalities (observation, interviews, focus groups); and an online survey with social workers.
Christianity in Britain Since 1914 (Histories of the Sacred and Secular, 1700–2000)
by Mark Smith David GoodhewThis book charts the profound changes in British Christianity over the last century. It does so through the medium of diverse local case-studies, based on high quality new research. The ethnic diversification of British churches in the last fifty years is a key theme of the volume. Overall, the chapters show how secularization has had different trajectories in different parts of the country. Alongside this, the book charts the surprising desecularisation of parts of Britain in recent decades.
The Futures of Borders and Geopolitics in South Asia: Beyond a Statist Discourse (Global Political Transitions)
by Amena Mohsin Asm Ali Ashraf Niloy Ranjan Biswas Mohammad Atique RahmanThis book offers a theory-driven and evidence-based approach to the study of South Asian borders and geopolitics. In the book, readers will be particularly interested to see the multiple meanings of borders and territoriality and their effects on border communities. The analyses found within chapters show how the statist and territorialist definitions of border and geopolitics have given way to the rise of liberal, humane, and gendered definitions of borders and geopolitics. Individual chapters in this volume employ a wide variety of qualitative research methods, with some adopting a mixed method approach by combining quantitative and qualitative data. The book would be a useful reference to academics and practitioners with a regional interest in South Asia.
Stochastic Transport in Upper Ocean Dynamics III: STUOD 2023 Workshop, Plouzané, France, September 25–28 (Mathematics of Planet Earth #13)
by Dan Crisan Darryl D. Holm Bertrand Chapron Etienne Mémin Jane-Lisa CoughlanThis open-access proceedings volume brings selected, peer-reviewed contributions presented at the Fourth Stochastic Transport in Upper Ocean Dynamics (STUOD) 2023 Workshop, held at IFREMER in Plouzané, France, September 25–28, 2023. The STUOD project is supported by an ERC Synergy Grant, and led by Imperial College London, the National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automatic Control (INRIA), and the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER). The project aims to deliver new capabilities for assessing variability and uncertainty in upper ocean dynamics. It will provide decision makers a means of quantifying the effects of local patterns of sea level rise, heat uptake, carbon storage, and change of oxygen content and pH in the ocean. Its multimodal monitoring will enhance the scientific understanding of marine debris transport, tracking of oil spills, and accumulation of plastic in the sea. All topics of these proceedings are essential to the scientific foundations of oceanography which has a vital role in climate science. Studies convened in this volume focus on a range of fundamental areas, including: Observations at a high resolution of upper ocean properties such as temperature, salinity, topography, wind, waves and velocity; Large-scale numerical simulations; Data-based stochastic equations for upper ocean dynamics that quantify simulation error; Stochastic data assimilation to reduce uncertainty. These fundamental subjects in modern science and technology are urgently required in order to meet the challenges of climate change faced today by human society. This proceedings volume represents a lasting legacy of crucial scientific expertise to help meet this ongoing challenge, for the benefit of academics and professionals in pure and applied mathematics, computational science, data analysis, data assimilation, and oceanography.
Economy of Identities in Traditional Chinese Theatre
by Ágota RévészThe book is intended to become a useful reference for theatre people who need “China knowledge”. Its central questions are: how is traditional Chinese theatre (“Chinese opera”, i.e. xiqu) embedded in contemporary Chinese society? What identities are created through theatre? And, most importantly: how are these identities related to one another to form a complex “economy of identities”? An insight is offered into the traditional Chinese theatre system composed of over three hundred theatre types vying for recognition in a complex relational network. Understanding how this “relationality” works might also shed light on the functioning of other fields in the current socio-cultural complex of China.
Diseases of Field Crops: Diagnostics and Management
by Krishna Pratap Singh Vaibhav Kumar Singh Jameel AkhtarThis edited book is a compilation of the chapters on the recent advances made in the field of disease management in various field crops. It covers host resistance, regulatory mechanism as well as non-chemical methods and computer-based applications in disease management. Molecular marker assisted selection, proteomic approaches, CRISPR-Cas mediated technology to improve food quality and minimize negative public health impact associated with crop diseases is also discussed. Plant diseases continue to be major challenge to global crop production, especially field crops, inflicting not only crop yield losses to farmers, but also decline quality as well as nutritional value leading threat to global food security. According to FAO statistics, there is a need of 70% steady increase in agricultural production to fulfil the food requirements of 9.1 billion populations by 2050, and annual global crop losses due to pests and diseases have been estimated to be about 30%. Therefore, the book aims at bringing out a comprehensive information on field crop diseases, plant disease detection and diagnosis, monitoring, forecasting/forewarning, and management. The book is very useful for students, teachers, researchers, planners/administrators, and also the end users at national and international level.
The Ethics of Humanitarian Intervention: An Introduction (The Ethics of ...)
by Jonathan ParryFew topics generate as much controversy and debate as armed humanitarian intervention. Military force involves death and destruction, as well as interfering in other countries’ domestic affairs. But, crucially, non-intervention is also controversial. When confronted with humanitarian crises abroad, many feel that outsiders are not only justified in using force to halt the abuses, but that they must do so. The Ethics of Humanitarian Intervention: An Introduction offers a guide to these ethical debates.In clear and informative style Jonathan Parry explores the following topics: The morality of defending others, including the ‘responsibility to protect’ (R2P). State sovereignty and self-determination as barriers to intervention. The possibility of consensual intervention. Just causes for intervention: what kinds of human rights abuses warrant intervention? The effectiveness of intervention: does it work in practice? Alternatives to intervention, including aiding rebels, economic sanctions, and providing aid. Whether there is a duty to intervene. Examples of intervention – including the former Yugoslavia, Iraq, Liberia, and Libya – are used to illustrate the ethical dilemmas in question. The arguments of important theorists of intervention, such as John Stuart Mill, Michael Walzer and Jeff McMahan, are also explained clearly and critically. Each chapter concludes with questions for discussion and reflection. The Ethics of Humanitarian Intervention: An Introduction is ideal reading for students and researchers in philosophy, applied ethics, politics and international relations.Chapter 3 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
Introduction to Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations
by Vladimir Mityushev Wojciech Nawalaniec Natalia Rylko Radoslaw Antoni KyciaIntroduction to Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations, Second Edition continues to serve as an engaging and accessible textbook for undergraduates studying mathematical modeling and computer simulations. The book is heavily focussed on applications, and so may have a particular appeal to applied mathematicians, engineers, and others working in applied quantitative disciplines. The book may also be useful as a reference text for reference text for early-career stage practitioners. New to this Edition: A new chapter on Machine Learning and Data Analysis in order to account for recent developments in the field. Chapter 9, ‘Asymptotic Methods in Composites’, has been entirely re-written to make it more consistent with industry and scientific standards. Includes an elementary introduction to programming in Python language. The Jupyter notebooks with examples for Chapter 10 and Appendix A are available for a download from www.Routledge.com/9781032661513.
Soft Computing Applications for Advancements in Power Systems (River Publishers Series in Power)
by Anupam Kumar Om Hari Gupta Vijay Kumar Sood Krishna MurariThis book discusses real applications of soft computing (SC) in power systems. These SC techniques, inspired by the human mind and biological behavior, have proven to be excellent tools to overcome the challenges faced in power systems and related areas. The techniques are robust and provide low-cost solutions while also offering an effective solution for studying and modeling the behavior of renewable energy generation, operation of grid-connected renewable energy systems, and sustainable decision-making among alternatives. The tolerance of SC techniques to imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and approximation makes them highly useful alternatives to conventional techniques. The rapid growth in SC techniques plays an important role in powerful representation, modeling paradigms and optimization mechanisms for solving power system issues such as power quality, reactive power control, oscillation and stability problems, renewable energy resource eval-uation, design of energy efficiency systems, economic load dispatch problems or very different energy system applications in smart grids.
The Physiology of Aerobic Capacity in Women
by David Montero BarrilThis book questions the limitation of exercise capacity in women by discussing female physiology from the perspectives of respiratory, circulatory, skeletal, body composition, and training adaptations. Written in a compelling manner, the book covers not only gender differences in exercise physiology but also touches upon such questions as doping and novel mechanisms in exercise theory and practice. Based on first-hand research experience, this book offers new and realistic perspectives, including positive and negative aspects of women’s capacity to perform exercise, which should interest the readers of kinesiology, integrative physiology, clinical science, general science and sociology of sports topics.Key Features: Research-based findings on the cutting-edge topic of women's aerobic capacity Written in an accessible manner and packed with science-based insights Presents an overarching view of various medical disciplines that are essential in evaluating women's aerobic capacity
Cluster Randomization Trials: Statistical Design and Analysis (Chapman & Hall/CRC Biostatistics Series)
by Sin-Ho JungOftentimes, small groups (called clusters) of individuals (called subunits) are randomized between treatment arms. Typically, clusters are families, classes, communities, surgeons operating patients, and so on. Such trials are called cluster randomization trials (CRTs). The subunits in each cluster share common frailties so that their outcomes tend to be positively correlated. Since clusters are independent, the data in two arms are independent in CRTs. In a clinical trial, multiple sites (such as teeth or ears) from each subject may be randomized between different treatment arms. In this case, the sites (subunits) of each subject (cluster) share common genetic, physiological, or environmental characteristics so that their observations tend to be positively correlated. This kind of trials are called subunit randomization trials (SRTs). In SRTs, dependency exists both within and between treatment arms. Individually randomized group treatment (IRGT) trials are composite of traditional independent subject randomization and CRTs. In an IRGT trial, the control arm is to treat patients individually, whereas the experimental arm is to treat patients using a group training, education, or treatment to increase the treatment effect by close interactions among patients. As a result, the outcome data of the control arm are independent as in traditional trials, but those in the experimental arm are correlated within each group (cluster) as in CRTs. Hence, two arms in IRGT trials have different dependency structures. Unlike standard CRTs, clusters of IRGT trials are usually organized after randomization. But statistically, they have identical statistical issues between the two types of trials, i.e., accounting for the dependency within each cluster. Although this book is entitled Cluster Randomization Trials, it covers all three types of trials (i.e., CRTs, SRTs, and IRGT trials) resulting in clustered data. For outcome variables of binary, continuous, and time-to-event types, we investigate generalized estimating equation type statistical tests and their sample size formulas. Also presented are random number generation algorithms for different types of outcome variables and randomization methods. The methods are discussed in terms of clinical trials, but can be used to design and analyze any types of experiments involving clustered data. This book also discusses statistical methods for various types of biomarker studies, including ROC methods, with clustered data. Key Features: Includes extensive statistical tests and their sample size formulas for various types of clinical trials resulting in clustered data. Handles different variable types of endpoints separately. Discusses algorithms to generate clustered binary and survival data that are useful for simulations. Covers statistical tests and sample size formulas for medical tests with clustered data.