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Job-Midlife-Crisis – Neuorientierung in der Lebensmitte: Durch Biografiearbeit und einen Wertekompass zu mehr Erfüllung im Beruf
by Franziska AmbacherMit diesem Buch möchte Franziska Ambacher Menschen, die in der beruflichen Midlife-Crisis stecken, Mut machen und einen Weg aus der Krise aufzeigen. Ihre Ratschläge basieren dabei auf eigene Erfahrungen sowie den Lebenswegen von Menschen, die sie in ihren Coachings und Beratungen kennengelernt hat. Die Autorin geleitet den Leser vom Erfassen der eigenen Krise über das Begreifen der eigenen Bedürfnisse und das Ergründen von Lebensmustern sowie eigenen Fähigkeiten bis hin zum Erkennen des eigenen Wertesystems als Wegweiser auf dem Weg in eine neue berufliche Zukunft. Reflexionsfragen am Ende jedes Kapitels helfen dabei, sich die eigenen Erfahrungen bewusst zu machen und persönliche Stärken sowie ungenutzte Potentiale zu erkennen.
Solar Rotation (UNITEXT for Physics)
by Arnold Hanslmeier Roman BrajšaThe rotation of the Sun is a basic parameter which constrains the boundary conditions for the model of the MHD-dynamo mechanisms that generates solar activity. The Sun is a slowly rotating star with a convection zone below the surface which is the site of the solar dynamo. The solar rotation depends on the latitude, depth/height and time, i.e., the Sun rotates differentially. In the book several aspects of the solar rotation are covered. Only in the case of the Sun we can directly observe details in its atmosphere and so measure the rotation velocity using various tracers, which is one of the mostly used methods for rotation determination. So, the Sun is a prototype for studying other stars. Different techniques that enable to determine solar rotation (e.g., tracer method, spectroscopic method, helioseismology) are presented and their results are compared and interpreted. In the current literature there is no book exclusively about solar rotation published in the last several decades. The book is intended for astrophysicists, both professionals as well as students and people interested in science in general. The reader would strongly benefit from the comprehensive description of several topics related to the solar rotation. The authors are highly experienced in teaching astrophysics both to astrophysicists, solar physicists as well as to the public. Therefore, from the didactical point of view the book is written basically as a textbook, so the reader that is not deep within that field can gain an overview. Moreover, for those who want to get deeper into the topics, additional information is given, and recommendations for further literature as well as many citations to recent publications. The reader will get both (i) a general introduction into the topics (ii) overview of recent publications on the topics. Therefore, the book can serve as a textbook but will be also very useful for research and thesis writing, for example.
Affirmative Intervention to Support Multispecies Relationships (Contemporary Systems Thinking)
by Janet J. McIntyre-MillsThis book offers a pioneering approach to collaborative co-authorship, integrating storytelling, participatory action research, and innovative uses of technology like Zoom to bridge geographical and cultural divides. The authors emphasize authentic dialogue, using a form of metalogue to ensure all voices are heard and respected, thus avoiding ventriloquy—speaking for or over others. Their praxis revolves around performative and regenerative projects involving indigenous custodians, academics, students, and community members, aiming to address "Species Apartheid" and promote a more inclusive and sustainable future. The book's engagement model includes inner work, focusing on critical analysis and analytical meditation on values and their consequences; outer work, involving transformative education and organic food production workshops to engage a broad community of practice; and future work, exploring narrative and "if-then" scenarios to envision new possibilities, with an emphasis on creativity and courage. The authors draw inspiration from diverse sources, including Indigenous knowledge systems and various academic institutes and organizations. Through their collaborative efforts, they aim to create a more inclusive, sustainable, and just world.
Poverty Alleviation Case Analysis In China: Poverty Alleviation Best Practice via Practices and SDG Strategies (SpringerBriefs on Case Studies of Sustainable Development)
by Intl Poverty Reduction Center In ChinaThis book offers comprehensive analysis for individual cases of poverty alleviation to facilitate respective in-depth key learnings and an overview of poverty alleviation strategies carried out in China. Best practices were selected from representative cases in China to demonstrate the development of different approaches in the poverty alleviation journey with collective stakeholders’ efforts – Government, Industry, Academia, and Research, plus the local stakeholders engaged in the rural development activities. Overseas cases are referenced to show the outcome of similar strategies as comparison with the consideration of regional specific conditions. Through better understanding of the focal issues, areas and organizations – and their respective key challenges and solutions – there is the compilation for each case its analysis, comparative studies and SDG relevance. These aim at engaging the readers from institutes, governments, corporates, or social enterprises, to think about how to adopt the related SDG strategies. They also serve as the initiatives to facilitate potential cross-region and cross-disciplinary collaboration. The book acts as the guide on how: - Poverty Reduction is one of the key goals in SDGs – while solving this key challenge, multiple goals could be planned and tackled together to make an effective solution. - Multi-disciplinary strategies are put in place, demonstrated via success stories and best practices. Key driving factors are identified with the consideration of the driving organization nature. - A system could be developed to engage different stakeholders in the society for industry development – and to avoid returning to poverty in the long term. - Future international cooperation could be facilitated to create a poverty alleviation framework applicable across different regions.
Inevitable Knowledge (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Janos J. SarboThe Holy Grail of AI is artificial generative intelligence, a computer that can think human-like. However, human thinking is qualitatively more complex than computer calculations. So, the ultimate goal of AI cannot be achieved. Not quite. This book shows that a model of human-like, meaningful processing can be introduced based on a theory of cognition (how human processing can be abstracted in a series of events), semiotics (what signs are and what kind of distinctions can be communicated by signs), and computer science (how all this can be realized as a procedure). The emerging model offers a solution to the problem of artificial intelligence, not by itself, but in collaboration with the human agent by augmenting its intelligence. But there is more to it than that. Because of the fundamental nature of signs, the semiotic concept of meaning can be transformative for AI research. The book comprehensively covers several applications, including language processing, analyzing integrative negation processes, and solving mathematical problems. It delves into the intricate characteristics of the meaningful processing problem and the fascinating journey that led to its solution. The book provides insight into the historical background of the problem and the solution, enriching the reader’s understanding and engagement. The text is self-contained. All necessary technical terms are explained.
Demonstration and Burhan: A Logical Investigation (SpringerBriefs in Philosophy)
by Qusthan A. FirdausThis book investigates the historical development of Aristotle’s perfect syllogism, or demonstration, into the Muslim world. It provides an accessible account to the modern reader, while at the same time bringing to the discussion the important issue of the specifically Muslim contribution to the field of logic. The author emphasizes the importance of axioms in establishing demonstration and the modern logic of dialetheia - Graham Priest’s idea of some true contradictions - in Islamic discourses. While Muslim philosophers have been claiming that demonstration is equal to burhan in mantiq or logic in Islamic education, this book presents the fact that burhan sets aside the necessity of axioms, making the former seem to be a deviation from Aristotle’s demonstration. The variety of Islamic philosophies has not been adequate enough to develop logic in Islamic education as progressive as its European counterparts. This book is an invitation to students and researchers to reconsider mantiq or logic in Islamic education based upon the Aristotelian logic and the modern logic of dialetheia, given that one cannot comprehend various Islamic discourses simply by exercising the Aristotelian principles of identity, non-contradiction, and excluded middle. In providing a useful overview of Aristotle before launching into a discussion on the various positions that Muslim scholars take regarding demonstration, the author presents a better framework for scholars and students in philosophy and religious studies to grasp several controversial and peculiar ideas in Islam.
Personal: Diversity Management (Studienwissen kompakt)
by Swetlana FrankenDieses Lehrbuch gibt einen kompakten und verständlichen Überblick über die Herausforderungen und Chancen des Diversity Management in Unternehmen. Kurze Lerneinheiten, übersichtliche didaktische Module sowie die begleitende Lernkontrolle sorgen für eine nachhaltige Wissensvermittlung. Es richtet sich damit an alle, die sich mit Fragen des Personalmanagement im Rahmen ihrer Aus- und Weiterbildung (auch im Nebenfach) sowie ihrer beruflichen Praxis auseinandersetzen. Für die 2. Auflage wurde das Lehrbuch vollständig überarbeitet, aktualisiert und neue Entwicklungen wurden aufgenommen.
The Potential of Public Discussion in Media: Philosophy of Democracy and Misinformation
by Minna-Kerttu KekkiA friend recommended an interesting news article to you that changed your view on the topic. Later, you find out that the information in the article was false. Did you learn something, even though the information was not correct? From the subjective perspective at that moment, the answer is “yes,” but from the objective perspective, you were led false. “The Potential of Public Discussion in Media: Philosophy of Democracy and Misinformation,” takes up two perspectives on public discussions in media: the outsider’s third-person perspective and the first-person perspective of the engaged subject. By investigating public discussion in media through both perspectives, public discussion appears simultaneously both crucial and risky for democracy. The book uses phenomenology to frame the problematic of contemporary public discussions in media, which emphasizes the subjective experience of gaining new information.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: A Comprehensive Guide
by Jason P. Sheehan Arjun Sahgal Daniel M. Trifiletti Samuel T. ChaoThis new edition is a fully updated, comprehensive review of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT): its physics, clinical evidence, indications, and future directions. The utilization of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is increasing internationally because of several factors. First, it offers patients a local treatment option that has demonstrated effectiveness similar to traditional surgery without the morbidity of general anesthesia and open surgical resection. Second, recent advancements in the quality of scientific evidence supporting a SRS or SBRT-containing approach in patients continues to evolve and demonstrate favorable disease-specific outcomes with little, if any, toxicity in various anatomic disease sites and for various conditions including cancer, benign tumors, and other psychiatric and neurologic conditions. Third, and most provocatively, is the notion that definitive local therapy (i.e. SRS or SBRT) in patients with cancer can boost the immune system to fight cancer in other sites throughout the body. While traditional medical knowledge would suggest that all patients with metastatic cancer are incurable, there is a mounting body of evidence that there is a subset of these patients that can be cured with definitive SRS or SBRT. This volume thus delves into each of these benefits and aspects of treatment, guiding physicians to the best treatment plan for their patients. Expert, international authors provide guidelines for SRS and SBRT use by clinicians. Chapters are divided into six main sections: Radiobiology of Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy, Intracranial Radiosurgery Technique, Intracranial Radiosurgery by Indication, Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Technique, Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy by Indication, The Future of Radiosurgery and SBRT. Overall physics are explained, as well as specific considerations for particular surgical tools (including the Leksell Gamma Knife and Accuray CyberKnife), techniques (including fractionated and charged particle radiosurgery), and anatomic sites (including brain metastases, pituitary tumors, and the prostate). Since the first edition published, the field has grown significantly. There is now significant new data to support preoperative radiosurgery, increased indications in metastatic cancers, as well as integration with new drug therapies and imaging techniques. Each chapter is thus fully updated with the latest in medical advancements and new scientific research. Detailed images and charts enhance the chapters. This book provides physicians with a single, practical resource incorporating both of these broad categories of treatment, SRS and SBRT, and better defines the current role and the direction of radiosurgery.
Rousseau and the Limits of the Liberal International Order (The Palgrave Macmillan History of International Thought)
by Joshua KingJean-Jacques Rousseau’s international thought anticipates many of the political dynamics that have arisen through globalization and great power competition. Rousseau and the Limits of the Liberal International Order considers Rousseau as a critic and a reformer of international politics, arguing that Rousseau’s account of liberty drives his approach to the international realm. Rousseau’s work provides an incisive critique. He dismantles notions of economic rationalism, rejects the preference for administration over self-governance, and encourages strategies of resistance as a meaningful response to great power rivalry. To address these concerns, Rousseau affirms an approach to international politics that is closely related to his account of political liberty. For Rousseau, liberty develops through one’s carefully chosen obligations that encourage self-rule, limit dependence on others, and constrain the irrational motives of politics. To pursue these goals, Rousseau proposes civic education and national institutions that cultivate a sense shared of humanity and limit the use of war. These alternatives moderate the desire for status and establish a form of national interest directed towards contentment and pluralism rather than competition. Rousseau acknowledges significant limits to these solutions. Citizenship creates substantive divisions among human beings, and the pursuit of national self-sufficiency may leave the state vulnerable to more powerful neighbors. Emphasizing these trade-offs draws attention to competing sources of human obligation and to the unsatisfying ways that international politics attempts to harmonize them.
Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Taiwan
by Gunter SchubertThis fully revised 2nd edition of the Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Taiwan provides a comprehensive overview of both contemporary Taiwan and the Taiwan studies field.Written by an international team of Taiwan experts, the Handbook includes major topics in Taiwanese history, domestic politics, political economy, society, culture, and international relations. Each chapter summarises the major findings in the field and highlights long-term trends, recent observations, and potential future developments in Taiwan, revealing its long journey from a frontier island to a highly industrialised country struggling for international recognition.Up-to-date, interdisciplinary, and academically rigorous, the Handbook offers the reader an accessible and fascinating insight into contemporary Taiwan and will be of interest to students, academics, and policymakers with an interest in all things Taiwan.
Equitable and Inclusive School Education: Ideation to Implementation
by Bharti KaushikThis book highlights the strategies and approaches to the practice of equitable and inclusive school education, elaborating the role of various stakeholders such as teachers, special educators, parents, peers, teacher educators, educational administrators and Ed-tech firms.The aim of this book is to create an understanding of equitable and inclusive school education which is not restricted to children with disabilities but also includes children with different learning needs as well as those from socially and economically disadvantaged sections of society. The focus is on presenting practical strategies that are grounded in theory and supported with research. The significance of screening at the classroom level, development of need-based accessible learning teaching materials, customizing the pedagogy practices for inclusive classrooms, need-based examination accommodations, leveraging the potential of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to elicit the participation of all and collaborative efforts toward realizing the optimum potential of each learner are a few basic ideas illustrated in the book with examples. The volume also discusses recent national and international policies for equitable and inclusive education, recommending courses of action for effective implementation of the existing provisions by teachers and educators.The book will be useful to students, researchers, teacher-educators, special educators, special education teacher educators, pre-service teachers and parents. It will also be an invaluable companion to in-service teachers, policymakers and educational administrators, curriculum developers and NGOs working in the field of inclusive education.
Metaethical Issues in Contemporary Legal Philosophy: A Constitutivist Approach (Routledge Research in Legal Philosophy)
by Stefano Bertea and Jorge Silva SampaioThis volume explores the importance of constitutivism for legal studies. Constitutivism is the view that the normative force, or authority, of practical reasons is grounded in principles, capacities, aims, or functions that are essential to, and thus constitutive of, agency. While the implications that the constitutivist approach has on the fundamental metaethical disputes and central ethical debates have been extensively explored, the literature on the relations between constitutivism and law remains scarce, unsystematic, and sporadic. This collection brings together world-renowned practical philosophers and legal theorists to fill a noticeable gap in the literature. The authors systematically and innovatively address key dimensions of the relationships between constitutivism and the theoretical study of law, as well as programmatically offering novel insights into the conceptual connections between constitutivist claims, fundamental legal concepts and practices, legal issues, and, ultimately, the law as a distinctive concept. The book will be of interest to academics and researchers working in the areas of Legal Philosophy, Legal Theory, Jurisprudence, Moral Philosophy and Metaethics.
An Emergent Curriculum for the Early Years in Malta: Stories of Professional and Pedagogical Transformation (Routledge Research in Early Childhood Education)
by Carmen Dalli Charmaine Bonello Anna BaldacchinoThis book charts the firsthand experiences and challenges faced by Maltese early childhood educators in the implementation of a novel approach to the curriculum: the replacement of a prescriptive curricula with one co-constructed by the educator and the child.Chapters provide seven contextualised, inspiring narratives of how the ‘emergent curriculum’ approach was implemented, received, and reflected upon within Maltese educational settings, ranging from childcare (0–3 years), kindergarten (3–5 years), and early primary (5–7 years). Packed with practical guidance along with on-the-ground commentary, this volume showcases the pedagogical and professional transformation of these educators, informing and encouraging reflection as well as inspiring others on a global scale. Challenging the established modes and traditions of pedagogical best practice, this book ultimately fills a gap in research on how educators in diverse local contexts and cultures can embrace the global concept of the ‘emergent curriculum’ within their own practice and settings.Providing pedagogical and professional insights for early years educators in similar contexts internationally, the book will be of interest to researchers and early childhood educators, as well as curriculum designers and policy makers interested in how the curriculum can take shape in different cultures and contexts.
Not a Hope in Hell
by James Dominic RooneyIt is frequently claimed that an all-loving and good God cannot permit anyone to end up in hell. In this book, the author shows that this issue of God's permission of hell has an intimate connection with age-old questions regarding why God would permit sin. Indeed, focus on why an all-loving and good God would permit hell is the best lens through which to explain sin.Many arguments against the possibility of hell require affirming that God permits sin because God could not achieve goods for us without allowing sin. The author argues that we have independent philosophical reasons to reject that sin is necessary for us in any way, and, further, we have similar reasons to hold that hell is necessarily possible if the God of classical theism exists. In the end, understanding why an all-loving and good God would permit hell reveals that there is always hope for us, even when things appear most hopeless.The book will appeal to those working in metaphysics, theology, philosophy of religion, and medieval philosophy.
Smart Organizations in Industry 5.0: A Human-centric Approach (Routledge Studies in Management, Organizations and Society)
by Sandra Grabowska Sebastian Saniuk Anna AdamikThe Fourth Industrial Revolution means the widespread digitization of economic processes using more economical and efficient production technologies. Orientation towards productivity, flexibility and low production costs results in a slow process of dehumanization of industry and focus only on implementing digital technologies of Industry 4.0. A natural consequence of this trend is the concern of workers, governments and societies about new challenges and the role of humans in industry and the economy. The hope is the emergence of a new industry concept proposed by the European Commission that expands the features of the existing Industry 4.0 concept to include human-centric, environmental and resilience aspects in smart organizations. Industry 5.0 is an excellent alternative to the development of today’s digital and dehumanized world, and this book presents challenges and priority directions for smart organizations in an environment shaped by the pillars of Industry 5.0. This research volume discusses the development of technologies that support human-oriented work systems, sustainable production and system resilience in intelligent organizations. It presents an educational challenge for universities and vocational schools in preparing employees for intelligent organizations and will be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students in the fields of organizational studies, knowledge management and the digital economy.
Contemporary Enterprise and Entrepreneurship in Context (Routledge Research in Applied Enterprise and Entrepreneurship)
by Jenny Hall Russ Hepworth-Sawyer Mark Marrington Emily BeaumontContemporary Enterprise and Entrepreneurship in Context is the core debut for the Routledge Applied Enterprise and Entrepreneurship Series (AEES). This book introduces contemporary sectoral discussions and the theories, considerations and contexts relating to them from a wide range of contemporary academics, thinkers and entrepreneurs.This book brings together many of today’s discourse in the area of enterprise and entrepreneurship alongside relevant and experienced practitioners to launch the AEES series’ foundational book. The book’s structure will distinguish, yet pull together theoretical underpinning and practitioner accounts of enterprise and entrepreneurship in context.This book is suitable for both undergraduate and postgraduate students in the area of business studies, innovation, entrepreneurship and enterprise. The book will also be of interest to a range of roles in the enterprise and entrepreneurship community, including academics and practitioners.
Regulation and Regulators after Global Financial Crises: Enforcement and Adaptation
by Aleksandra JordanoskaThis book provides an original theoretically and empirically grounded analysis of regulatory enforcement activism in post-crisis periods and the ensuing regulatory interactions. It critically addresses the ‘more regulation’ enforcement agenda relating to financial misconduct in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, showing how misconduct was constructed through the enforcement policies and practices of the powerful UK financial conduct regulator and its interactions with the subjects of enforcement proceedings and their legal representatives during a tumultuous time in the financial markets. Drawing from interviews with regulators, professional intermediaries, and markets participants; documentary analysis of enforcement decisions and speeches; and observations, the volume adopts an interdisciplinary approach grounded in social constructivist perspectives on compliance and deviance, regulation theory, and socio-legal research. Through a multi-dimensional analytical framework of regulatory enforcement activism that links shifts in regulatory policymaking; experimentations with legal powers in information-gathering, legal and extra-legal penalties, and individual accountability; and the use of enforcement tools in micro-level interactions, the book documents a more interventionist and punitive post-crisis enforcement agenda. The findings challenge current thinking in the 'scandal and reform' literature. The work argues that despite the increased focus on enforcement, it is not necessarily the case that the power has tilted more towards the regulator. This fine-grained socio-legal enquiry makes innovative and timely theoretical contributions to our understanding of the limitations of regulatory activism and regulatory control, regulatory relationships, the governance of financial markets, and broader thinking on regulating corporations and the individuals within them. It will appeal to academics, researchers, regulators, and policymakers working in regulation across law, criminology, sociology, and politics.
God and the Problem of Epistemic Defeaters (Elements in the Problems of God)
by Joshua ThurowAny modern, moderately intellectually mature (MMIM) believer in God faces a variety of epistemic defeaters of their belief in God. Epistemic defeaters challenge the rationality of a belief. After explaining the notion of a defeater and discussing various ways and targets of defeat, this Element categorizes the many defeaters of belief in God into four classes: rebutting, undercutting, base defeaters, and competence defeaters. Then, several general defeaters of theistic belief are examined in some detail: the superfluity argument, the problem of unpossessed evidence, various forms of debunking arguments, and a cumulative case competence defeater. The typical MMIM believer, it is argued, has resources to resist these defeaters, although the cumulative case competence defeater has some force. The strength of its force depends on the strength of grounds for theistic belief and of various defeaters and deflectors for the competence defeater. No easy general defeater of theistic belief is found.
Lawyering Imperial Encounters: Negotiating Africa's Relationship with the World Economy (Global Law Series)
by Sara DezalayLawyering Imperial Encounters revisits the relationship between the African continent and global capitalism since the 19th century Scramble. Focused on sites of imperial encounters – in London, Paris, Abidjan, Bujumbura, Kinshasa, Johannesburg or the Hague, it provides an unprecedented account of the correlation between the legacy of legal imperialism and British hegemony, and the uneven and unequal expansion of finance and global justice in the current rush for Africa's 'green' minerals. Tracking the role played by legal intermediaries to negotiate and justify Africa's practical and symbolic subaltern position in the global economy, it demonstrates the interconnectedness between political, legal and economic change in capitalism's cores and its so-called peripheries. Embracing the global turn in sociology, history and legal scholarship, it rubs against the functionalist account of global value chains as engines of development. It also constitutes a powerful postcolonial critique of law's double-bind - as both enabler and bulwark against domination.
Women, Gender, and Rebel Governance during Civil Wars (Elements in Gender and Politics)
by Meredith Maloof LokenHow is rebel governance gendered, and how does women's participation in rebellion affect the development and execution of governance programs? The author develops a framework for evaluating and explaining rebel governance's gendered dynamics, identifying four areas where attention to women and to gender helps us better understand these institutions: recruitment and internal organization, program expansion, development of new projects, and multi-layered governance relationships. They explore the context and significance of these dynamics using cross-conflict data on rebel governance institutions and women's participation as well as qualitative evidence from three diverse organizations. They suggest that it is not only the fact of women's participation that matters but the gendered nature of social and political relationships that help explain how rebels govern during civil wars. They show how women's involvement can shape governance content and implementation and how their participation may help rebel groups expand projects and engage with civilian communities.
Active Particles Methods in Economics: New Perspectives in the Interaction between Mathematics and Economics (Elements in Complexity and Agent-based Economics)
by Nicola Bellomo Diletta Burini Valeria Secchini Pietro TernaThe aim of this Element is to understand how far mathematical theories based on active particle methods have been applied to describe the dynamics of complex systems in economics, and to look forward to further research perspectives in the interaction between mathematics and economics. The mathematical theory of active particles and the theory of behavioural swarms are selected for the above interaction. The mathematical approach considered in this work takes into account the complexity of living systems, which is a key feature of behavioural economics. The modelling and simulation of the dynamics of prices within a heterogeneous population is reviewed to show how mathematical tools can be used in real applications.
Complexity in Economics (Elements in Complexity and Agent-based Economics)
by Giacomo Gallegati Mauro Gallegati Simone LandiniNeoclassical economics is heavily based on a formalistic method, primarily centred on mathematical deduction. Consequently, mainstream economists became overfocused on describing the states of an economy rather than understanding the processes driving these states. However, many phenomena arise from the intricate interactions among diverse elements, eluding explanation solely through micro-level rules. Such systems, characterised by emergent properties arising from interactions, are defined as complex. This Element delves into the complexity approach, portraying the economy as an evolving system undergoing structural changes over time.
Word Grammar, Cognition and Dependency
by Eva Duran Eppler Nikolas Gisborne Andrew RostaEstablished in the early 1980s, Word Grammar is the first theory of grammar that was cast in the terms of cognitive linguistics. This book surveys the groundbreaking contribution of WG to a number of disciplines both within and outside of linguistics. It illustrates the benefits of thinking beyond traditional phrase-structural notions of syntax, and beyond encapsulated theories of cognition, by exploring how key problems in theoretical linguistics and historical linguistics can be approached from alternative perspectives. It provides examples of how theoretical linguistic notions and constructs of WG can be applied to bilingual language use, as well as a variety of typologically different languages including English, Chinese, German and Swedish. It also explores the relationship between language and social cognition and dependency distance as a universal measure of syntactic complexity. It is essential reading for linguists seeking creative ideas on how to advance explanations of language, language variation and change.
Fragile Empire: Slavery in the Early English Tropics, 1645–1720 (Slaveries since Emancipation)
by Justin RobertsFragile Empire reinterprets the rise of slavery in the early English tropics through an innovative geographic framework. It examines slavery at English sites in tropical zones across the Atlantic and Indian oceans, and argues that a variety of factors – epidemiology, slave majorities, European rivalries, and the power of indigenous polities – made the seventeenth-century English tropical empire particularly fragile, creating a model of empire in the tropics that was distinct from other English colonizations. English people across the tropics were outnumbered by their slaves. English slavery was forged in the tropics and it was increasingly marked by its permanence, inflexibility, and brutality. Early English societies were not the inevitable precursor to British imperial dominance, instead they were wrought with internal vulnerabilities and external threats from European and non-European competitors. Based on thorough archival research, Justin Roberts' important new study redefines our understanding of slavery and bound labor from a global perspective.